英语国家概况名词解释 (3)
1. Ｗillｉam tｈe Coｎqｕeｒｏr 威廉征服:William was Dｕke of Norｍa ｎdｙ．Ｈe ｌanded his armyｉn Ｏcｔ。1066 ａnｄdefeatｅd king Ｈarold。Theｎhe waｓcroｗnｅd ｋing ｏf England onＣｈｒｉｓｔmａs Day tｈｅsａｍe year. He esｔabｌisｈed a stｒｏng Normaｎgovｅｒnｍeｎt ａnd the fｅｕdａl systｅm in Englanｄ.建立了封建制度
2. Doｏmsday Booｋ————It is a ｂoｏk ｃompiｌed by ａｇｒoｕp oｆｃlｅrksｕndeｒｔｈｅsｐｏnsｏrsｈiｐof ＫiｎgＷilliam tｈe Firｓt in１0８6.Ｔhe bｏoｋｗａs in fact a proｐerty ｒecord. It waｓｔhe resuｌt oｆ a gｅneral survｅy oｆEｎｇland。Ｉtｒecｏrｄｅd thｅeｘｔeｎt,ｖalue, ｓtatｅof cｕｌtivatｉon, and ｏwｎershｉp ｏf ｔhe ｌａnd。Ｉt waｓone of the iｍportant measｕrｅs adｏｐted by Wilｌiam Iｔo estaｂlish tｈe fuｌｌｆeuｄaｌsｙsｔem iｎEｎgland. Tｏday, ｉt is kept ｉn ｔhe PubｌiｃRecordｓＯｆfice in Loｎｄon. 为了可靠地记录所有的土地、佃户和他们的财产并查明他们能交多少税，威廉派官员编了一本财产清册,称为《末日审判书》。因为对英国人来说,这本土地清册无疑就是最后审判日那天众王之王所用的《末日书》.此册完成于1086年,它记录了1085 年作的英国全国总调查的结果.此册陈述了土地的范围、价值、人口、耕种情况和所有权。现在《末日审判书》保存在伦敦的公共档案馆里。从此册可以看出,在1０86年,农村约有一半的耕地掌握在10 个承租人(贵族)手里，其中只有两个是英国贵族,约五分之一土地归国王本人所有。其余大多数属于主教、修道院院长和其他修道院头领
3. the Black Ｄeaｔh-—--It ｉs a mｏderｎｎamｅgiｖen toｔｈe dearly bｕboｎic ｐlaｇue, an epideｍic diｓeａse spread ｔhrough Euｒope iｎｔｈｅfourteenｔh cｅnｔury partiｃularlｙiｎ１3４8-1349．It came withouｔwarnｉng,and without any ｃuｅ。Ｉn Ｅnglaｎd, ｉt ｋilled aｌｍost hａｌf of thｅtotal populatiｏn,causｉng fａr-reachiｎg eｃoｎoｍiｃconｓequｅｎｃｅs. 黑死病是现代名称，指的是由鼠身上的跳蚤传播的致命的淋巴腺鼠疫引起的传染疾病。１4世纪传播到欧洲,尤其是在１34７—1350 年.13４8年夏天横扫全英国，事先毫无征兆。但重要的是无药可救。不论贫富不放过任何人,死亡迅速而痛苦。它夺去了二分之一到一半的英国人的生命,加上随后50 年中发生的流行病，英国的人口在1４世纪末从４０0 万税减至200 万。
4. The Waｒs of Ｒｏses玫瑰战争————the ｎａme Waｒs oｆtｈe Ｒoses waｓreｆer toｔhe baｔtｌes betwｅen ｔhe Hoｕｓe of Laｎcａs ｔer, symbolｉzed bｙthe reaｄｒosｅ，ａnd that of Yｏrｋ，syｍｂo ｌiｚｅd ｂy tｈe white, fｒom 1455 to 1485。Heｎry Tudoｒ,descenｄa ｎt of Duke ｏｆLaｎcaster won viｃtory aｔBｏｓwｏrth Fiｒeld in 1４85 and put ht cｏuｎtryｕｎdｅr the rule oｆthe Tｕdors. Fｒom the ｓｅWars, Eｎｇlish fｅudalism receiveｄits deａｔh bｌow. Thｅgreat medｉevaｌnoｂiｌitｙｗas muｃｈｗeakｅned．.是对外战争和国内不稳定导致贵族们之间冲突再起,却令人回想起13 世纪的麻烦。14５５至1485年间政局不稳定是两支金雀花家族争斗引起的，它们是兰开斯特家族和约克家族。
实际上,玫瑰战争这个词是19世纪的大作家瓦尔特司考特创造的,但它已被普遍接受，专指这两个家族间的战争。因·为红玫瑰代表兰开斯特家族,而白玫瑰则是约克家族的象征尽管玫瑰战争断断续续进行了三十年，但普通民众所受影响甚微,他们照常从事各自营生。封建制度却遭受了致命打击。不少于80 位皇族血统的贵族阵亡，中世纪的贵族势力被大大削弱，名誉扫地。至此国王的权力变得至高无上
5. TheＢill of Rights—--—Iｎ1７89,Jａmes Madｉsoｎｉnｔroduced iｎｔhe Houｓe of Rｅｐrｅsentaｔiｖes a sｅriｅs ｏf aｍendｍeｎｔｓwhiｃh later were drafted iｎto tweｌveｐroposｅd aｍendmeｎtｓａnd sent ｔo the sｔatｅsｆｏr ratｉficaｔion。Ten of theｍwere ratified in 179１and theｆirst ten aｍendmenｔs to the cｏｎsｔｉtutｉon were calleｄtｈe Ｂillsｏf Rights bｅcause they weｒe to insuｒe ｉｎdｉv ｉdual ｌｉbeｒties.１７８9年詹姆斯麦迪逊在众议院提出了一系列的修正法案，后来这些法案被起草成十二条修正法案提交各州讨论.其·中有两条没被各州通过，其余十条在179１年被通过，成为宪法的前十项修正案-—《人权法案》。从那时起美国就完成了宪法体制的建立
6. TheＢritｉsh constｉtｕtion:Ｔｈｅrｅiｓno ｗｒitteｎcoｎsｔｉ
ｔｕｔioｎin thｅUnｉtｅd Kｉnｇdｏｍ，tｈａt iｓ，unlike the coｎsti ｔｕｔions of mｏsｔotｈeｒｃｏuntｒiｅｓ，tｈe British cｏnｓtituti ｏnｉsｎot sｅt oｕｔｉｎany ｓiｎｇlｅdoｃumeｎt。Iｔiｓma ｄe ｕp of ｓtatute laｗ,commｏn laｗaｎｄconvenｔｉons。英国议会制政府制度并不是基于成文宪法.联合王国没有成文宪法,也就是说与大多数他国宪法不同,英国宪法不由单一文件构成,而是由成文法、习惯法和惯例组成．(惯例是指法律没有明文要求必须执行，但被视为政府工作中不可缺少的行为准则).司法部门裁定习惯法和解释成文法.
7. ＴhｅＧｒeat lａｋeｓ-—-－The Grｅat Lakeｓare the fivｅｌａkeｓin theｎｏｒｔheast。Thｅy are Lａｋe Sｕpｅrioｒwhich ｉs t ｈｅlａrgｅst ｆrｅsｈwater laｋe iｎtｈe wｏrld，Laｋe Micｈｉgan （the onlｙone ｅｎtireｌy in thｅU。S。），Ｌａke Ｈuｒon，Lａｋe Eiｒe ａnｄLａke Oｎtaｒiｏ。Thｅy ａre all locatｅd betwｅen Canada and ｔhe United Stａtes eｘpect Ｌａke Michｉgan。美国最重要的湖泊就是五大湖.这五大湖包括：苏必利尔湖—-世界上最大的淡水湖，密歇根湖（唯一完全在美国境内的湖)，休伦湖,伊利湖和安大略湖。除密歇根湖全部属美国外,其他均为美国和加拿大之间的界湖。
8. ThｅEmanciｐation Proｃlamation-(解放宣言）—-—Afｔｅr the Civil w ａr begａn，Ｌiｎｃoln issued the Ｅmａncｉｐaｔion Proclamatｉon to winｍoreｓｕpport at hｏmeａnd abｒoaｄ。It granted ｆreｅdom t ｏaｌl slavesｉn aｒｅａs still coｎtrｏｌled bｙthe Confederａcy．1863年１月1日，林肯总统发表了《解放宣言》,正是解放美国所有的奴隶。
9. ｃhecｋｓandｂalａnｃｅs：制衡the United stａｔes ｈas threｅsepａrａte brancheｓof gｏvｅrnmｅnt：the of ｇoveｒnmｅnt: tｈe legislａtｉve,eｘeｃutiｖe ，and ｊudｉcｉaｌ .Eaｃｈbranch hａs a portion ｏf constitutionaｌａuｔｈｏrity andｃａn ｃheｃk or block tｈe actions ｏf the otｈer branchｅs。Theｔhｒee ｂrａncheｓare thus in balance. tｈe thrｅe branches aｒｅthｕs ｉn ｂａｌanｃe ．thiｓｉs a syｓtem of chｅckｓandｂalａnｃｅs美国政府的三个分支：在政府立法,执行,和司法。每个分支具有宪法权力的一部分,可以检查或其他部门的行为块.三个部门是平衡三个部门是平衡的.这是一
个制衡制度。
10. Ｔhe Grｅat Ｄeｐressｉｏn: Iｔrefers to tｈe ｅｃoｎomiｃdepressio ｎstarｔed fｒom thｅＮew Yorｋstock market cｏｌｌaｐse oｎOctober２4，1929.Ａftｅr that, tｈouｓands ｏf baｎks and ｂusineｓses ｆａiled。Mａny ｐeｏｐle lost ｔhｅｉr jobs，It ｗas dｕe to the Ｎew Ｄeal sｔarｔed in 19３3 ａnd thｅdefenｓｅｂｕildｕｐbeｆore ａnd dｕｒing Ｗorｌd Wａr II that tｈe Ｕnited Sｔates finａllｙrecoｖｅred ｆｒom tｈe Greａt Deｐreｓsｉon大萧条:它指的是在经济萧条的oｃtoｂer2４19２9纽约股票市场崩溃的开始．之后，银行和数千家企业失败。许多人失去了他们的工作,这是由于新政开始在１93３之前和第二次世界大战期间，美国从大萧条中恢复的最后的国防建设
11. Industｒiａl revolution: The Industriａl Revolutiｏn refers to the mecｈanizatｉｏｎoｆindustry and ｔｈｅｃonsｅquｅｎt cｈａnｇeｓin ｓｏｃial aｎｄecｏｎomic ｏｒgａnizaｔion in Britain iｎthe late １8th and early １9thｃenｔuriｅｓ. Britaiｎｗas the first country ｔo induｓｔrｉａlizｅ工业革命:工业革命是指工业的机械化，并在第十八年末和第十九世纪初英国社会和经济组织的变化随之而来。英国成为第一个工业化的国家
12. ThｅNew Deaｌ-新政-—-In orｄerｔｏdeal ｗitｈthｅＤepression，Preｓiｄent Ｆrａnklｉn Roosｅvelt puｔfｏrwａrd the Ne ｗDeal ｐrogram．It pａsｓed a ｌoｔｏf New Dｅal lawｓanｄｓet up mａnｙefficient sociａl ｓecurity systeｍｓ。The New Deal heｌped to ｓａvｅAｍｅｒicａn ｄemｏcraｃy aｎdｔｈe development ｏf Ａmeｒicaｎecｏｎoｍｙ. ”罗斯福确实马上开始行动。在进入白宫后的第一个1０0 天里,他使国会通过了许多法案,旨在阻止经济状况的进一步恶化,帮助需要帮助的人们正如罗斯福总统所说,这些措施的目的在于"拯救美国的民主"．这些措施确实有助于克服当时资本
13. Cｏunterculture：反主流文化Countercｕlｔuｒｅｗas a mｏｖemｅnt of revolt agaｉnst tｈe moral valueｓ，theａeｓｔhetｉｃstａndards，tｈe ｐersonaｌbehavｉor anｄthe sｏｃial ｒelations ｏf cｏnventional socｉetｙ. 反文化是对运动的道德价值观的反叛,审美标准，个人行
英语国家概况_习题集(含答案)
《英语国家概况》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有 习题 【说明】：本课程《英语国家概况》（编号为12010）共有单选题,名词解释题,简答题,填空题2等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[简答题]等试题类型未进入。 一、单选题 1. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from________ A. France B. Denmark C. Ireland D. Germany 2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC? A. Emperor Claudius B. Julius Caesar C. King Alfred D. King Ethelred 3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral? A. Christopher Marlowe B. T. S. Eliot C. Ben Johnson D. Thomas Becket 4.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son, ______, the regime began immediately to collapse. A. Henry B. Hamilton C. Richard D. Charles 5. The 18th century saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep and houses by _________. A. Jethro Tull B. Thomas Coke C. George III D. Robert Bakewell 6. Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal? A. all hereditary peers and peeresses of the England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland) B. lire peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties C. senior bishops of the Church of England D. all other life peers 7. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years’ War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, ________. A. the War of the Celts
英语国家概况-澳大利亚篇中英翻译
第三十章澳大利亚经济 Chapter 30 The Economy Ⅰ.工业 Manufacturing Industry 澳大利亚的制造业以制砖开始。86%的制造业为小企业。 Manufacturing in Australia began with the making of bricks. It is estimated that 86% of all manufacturing firms are small businesses. 在世界的总格局中，澳大利亚的制造业是独特的。它的特点包括下面几点: In a world context Australian manufacturing is unique. Its features include the following: 1)效率低Inefficiency 澳大利亚的市场有限，它在地理上与外界的隔绝以及很高的关税壁垒是影响澳大利亚工业效率的几个因素。 Australia's limited local market, its geographical isolation and high levels of tariff protection are the factors that affect the efficiency of Australian manufacturing. 效率最低并且最受保护的工业是汽车、纺织、服装和制鞋工业。 The industries that are most inefficient and most highly protected are automobile, textiles, clothing and footwear industries. 2)高度集中Concentration 在过去20年里，大的联合企业在澳大利亚经济中一直起中心作用。 Over the last 20 years large conglomerates have been given a central role in the Australian economy. 整个钢铁工业由一个公司控制，这就是布洛肯·希尔专卖有限公司。 The entire steel industry is in the hands of one company, the Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited (BHP). 3)外国投资Foreign investment 澳大利亚的制造业在很大程度上依靠外国投资。外资公司比他们的澳大利亚同行获利多。 Australian manufacturing relies heavily on foreign investment. Companies that are foreign-owned tend to be more profitable than their Australian counterparts. Ⅱ.农业 Agriculture 200年前，澳大利亚是一个没有农业的大陆。今天，农业却是这个国家的最大的和最多样化的行业。澳大利亚是世界上粮食和天然纤维的主要生产国之一。 200 years ago Australia was a land without agriculture. Today, agriculture is the nation's largest and most diverse industry. Australia is one of the world's leading
英语国家概况
英语国家概况-Land and people I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island：England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations)is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置： Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊 Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).
英美概况名词解释
The bill of rights The bill of rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791 .the bill of rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech , the rights to assemble in public places , the rights to own weapons and so on . The great depression The Great Depression was the worst economic slump ever in U.S. history, and one which spread to virtually all of the industrialized world. The depression began in late 1929 and lasted for about a decade. WASP It stands for the white Anglo-Saxon Protestant. it is the dominant group in the US controlling economic assets and political power The civil rights movement The American civil rights movement (1955-1968)refers to the reform movements in the united states aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African American and restoring suffrage in southern states The westward movement American Westward Movement, movement of people from the settled regions of the United States to lands farther west. Between the early 17th and late 19th centuries, Anglo-American peoples and their societies expanded from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast. George Washington George Washington was one of the founding fathers of the America republic , he was the commander-in –chief of the Continental Army in the war of Independence against the British colonial rule and the first president of the the United States Industrial Revolution in American After independence ,America was principally an agricultural country ,the industrial revolution in England brought many to American industry between 1776 and 1860 , one key development was the introduction of the factory system , A second development was the application of new technologies to industrial tasks ,A fourth development was the emergence of new forms of business organization-the bank and the corporation Three faiths in the US By the 1950s ,the three faiths model of American religion had developed , American were considered to come in three basic varieties : protestant , catholic and Jewish ,in terms of numbers ,the protestants and Jewish are the smallest among the groups Boards of education Boards of education refer to groups of people who make policies for schools at the state and district level ,they also make decision about the school curriculum , teachers standards and certification ,and the overall measurement of student progress Consumer economy an economy driven by consumer spending as a percent of its gross domestic product, as opposed to the other major components of GDP
英语国家概况名词解释新
英语国家概况名词解释 1、The Constitution:Britain has no written foundations of the British state are laid out in statute law,which are laws passed by Parliament; the common laws, which are laws established through commom practice in courts;and conventions. 2、The house of Common: It’s the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives(Members of Parliament) make and debate policy,These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them. 3、The electoral campaign:Before a general election,the political parties would start their electoral campaigns in order to make their ideologies and policies known to the campaign involves advertisements in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning,postal deliveries of leaflets and ‘party electoral broadcasts” on the parties also try to attack and critisise the opponents’,these campaigns sometimes can be quite aggressive and critical. 4、Class system in British society:The class system does exist in British of British population would claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class,though some people would actually belong to the upper middle-class or lower divisions are not simply economic,they are cultural as of different classes may defferent may differ in the kind of newspaper they read,in the way they speak and in the kind of education they of the distinctive features about the British class system is that aristocratic titles can still be inherited. 5、Relative decline of the UK economy:The UK has experienced an economic decline since this is a relative decline rather than an absolute is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945,but since other countries developed more rapidly,it has slid from being the second largest economy to being the six. 6、Comprehensive schools:are the most popular secondary schools in Britain schools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general can study everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking 7、Grammar school s:it’s a type of secondary schools in schools select children at the age 11,through an examination called “the 11-plus”.Those children with the highest marks go to grammar schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities. 8、Independent schools:are commonly called public schools which are actually private schools that receive their funding through the private sector and tuition rates,with some government schools are not part of national education system,but the quality of instruction and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majesty’s Inspectors of schools are restricted to the students whose parents are comparatively rich. 9、the first English settle in North America:The first English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company with a charter from the English colonists settled in Virginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on themselves and by transplanting tobacco into the colony of 1619,the settlers elected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses,and the same time they bought and enslaved
英语国家概况论文-政治体制 英文
Comparison of the Politics in Britain and United States Abstract: The system that British established in 19 century has a profound effect not only on its own country’s society developments of politics and history but also on other counties’ modern institution, politics and history. British is the mother of world capitalist constitutionalism. As a powerful capitalistic country, US’system is also based on the British’s system and set a prefect system after some reforms. Even so, the systems of the two countries still have many differences. Both of the two countries have powerful political systems in the world. Keywords: constitution, party systems, electoral system 1. Introduction: (political institution is superstructure, generally refers to the state power organs and the basic system which adapted with the social nature. "Political system, as same as the various systems of the human society, is the product of history development, branding with time and space.”) After the English bourgeois revolution, democratic politics was gradually established. The constitution was promulgated and constitutionalism was gradually be taken. Capitalism got a considerable development in Britain. Britain built the first set of the capitalist system, which is known as the source and model of Western political system. British and US political systems have the same theoretical basis: the principle of "separation of powers” and the theory of “human rights”; the concrete content includes the parliamentary system, the electoral system, the judicial system, and the political party system, etc; these are all considered to be the elements of "people's democracy", Regimes implemented the principles of separation of powers and check and balance and the "rule of law". And most fundamentally,as two typical representatives of capitalist countries’ political systems, Britain and USA have the same nature in the maintenance of bourgeois interests and the private capitalist system, the implementation of other aspects of bourgeois dictatorship. But in the specific political system level, they present different characteristics, the paper only compare British and American political system from three aspects of the Constitution, the party system, the electoral system. 2. Comparison of constitutions Britain is typical of countries with unwritten constitution, there is no unified, complete written form, and its constitutional system is extremely complex which is constituted by a variety of written and unwritten customary law, jurisprudence and constitutional practices constituted. British constitution can not be listed by one or several pieces of documents, nor strict distinct by the time, it lacks rigorous and explicit content, consistent and complete system。 The United States Constitution is the first written constitution in the world. In the course of its development, the United States Constitution formed the four main principles: the separation of powers and checks and balances, federalism, limited the powers of the government and judicial review. The US Constitution carried thorough the separation of powers which provide the separation of the legislative, judicial and administrative. Congress, the Federal Court and the President perform their respective duties, and the division of labor between federal, state and local governments is also very clear. Federal Court is an important weight in the separation of powers and checks and balances in the United States, in addition to the administrative function and legislative function, the most important function is the supervisory function and judicial function. Judges enjoy constitutional status and was appointed guardian to uphold the Constitution; the
英语国家概况课程标准
英语国家概况课程标准 课程代码： 适用专业：商务英语 一、课程概述 1．课程性质 语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的基础。英语语言学习和英国国家文化相互依存、密不可分。一个优秀的英语语言学习者，若不了解该语言背后所承载的民族文化，其交际能力也会受到限制。该课程能使学生了解和掌握英美两国政治，历史，经济，社会，文化和教育等基本知识，了解英美国家社会发展、现状和影响这两个国家社会发展的因素，拓展学生的知识面，培养学生文化意识，启发学生了解西方社会，了解交际规则，增强学生的英语语言学习能力，为后续专业课程的学习打下一定的基础，进而为培养高技能应用型复合人才打下基础。 2．课程设计思路 本课程在设计上围绕合作学习法—任务型教学法、比较教学法、线索梳理法、启发式等教学法。 合作学习法—任务型教学法 合作学习法又称协作学习，是以合作学习小组为基本形式，系统利用教学中动态因素之间的互动，促进学生的学习，以团体成绩作为评价标准，共同完成教学活动。任务型教学法是一种以任务或活动为核心单位计划组织语言教学的途径,一种强调“在做中学”的语言教学方法。合作学习法与任务型教学法结合是指教师设计学习任务，指导并帮助学生以小组为单位通过合作、协商完成学习任务的教学过程。主要采用组织演示、演讲、讨论等形式。 2）比较教学法 比较教学法是在教学过程中，利用教学内容的相互联系和区别，促进学生掌握和巩固教学内容、达到教学目标的一种逻辑思维方法。例如，在学习美国的政体时，我们可以和英国政体、甚至是我国的政体进行比较，异中求同，同中求异。从而对“Parliament”、“Congress”和我国的NPC （The National People’s Congress）形成更深刻的理解。运用这种教学法不仅有利于学生掌握基本知识与技能，而且有利于提高学生的创造性思维能力。3）线索梳理法 线索梳理法，尤其是历史年代轴线表示法是表达历史线索最清晰的一种方式，这种方式的特点是易于梳理，可操作性强，非常直接，便于记忆。比如说，英国历史很长，如果不进行梳理，很难记忆，如果整理成一条线索，效果却不能同日而语： Early settlers——Roman invasions——Anglo-Saxons——the Viking and Danish Invasions——the Norman Conquest——William’s Rule——the Great Charter——the Hundred Year’s War——the English Reformation——the English Renaissance——the Civil War——the Glorious Revolution——the Industrial Revolution——the two World Wars 同样，美国历史部分可整理成这样一条线索： The war of Independence——the War of 1812——territorial expansion and Westward Movement——the Civil War——the two World Wars——the Cold War——the Berlin Blockade——the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s——the Vietnam War 二、课程培养目标 1．知识目标 了解主要英语国家的地理，历史，经济和政治等方面的概况；了解主要英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯和社会生活的其他有关情况。 2．技能目标 扩大知识面，有效弥补英语专业学生知识面窄的不足；提高英语阅读的能力和语言应用能力。 3．素质目标
英美概况名词解释
名词解释： 1.Great Britain: shortened as Britain ,it can be a geographical term ,referring to the island on which England ,Wales and Scotland are situated ,together with numerous smaller islands . 2.The Union Flag :also known as the Union Jack ,it is the national flag of the United Kingdom . 3.God Save the King /Queen : the national anthem of the United Kingdom. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4110096060.html,ke Poets: English poets at the turn of the 19th century who lived in the Lake District of England and were inspired by it to create romantic works . 5.Domesday Book(土地财产清册)：The written record of a census and survey of English landowners and their property made by order of William the Conqueror in 1085-1086 . 6.Black Death (黑死病)：also known as the Black Plague ,it was a devastating pandemic(流行 的) that first struck European in the mid-14th century . 7.Gunpowder Plot(火药阴谋)：conspiracy of a group of English Catholics to blow up the House of Parliament where King James I was present on 5 November ,1605.The plan was discovered and Guy Frank was caught and burnt alive .In England ,5 November is celebrated with bonfire ,fireworks and the burning of the effigies.(肖像)。 8.The Petition of Right （权利请愿书）：a document produced by the English Parliament in the run-up to the English Civil War .It was addressed to Charles I of England in 1628. 9.T he Hundred Years' War: The Hundred Years’ War refers to the war between Englan d and Franc e that lasted intermittently from 1337 to 1453. The causes o f the war wer e partly territorial and partly economic. ①The territorial causes were related with the possession by the English kings of the large duchy of Aquitaine in France, as the F rench kings grew stronger, the y increasingly coveted this large slice. ②The economic causes were connected with cloth manufacturing towns in Flanders, which were the importer of English wool, but they were loyal to the French king politically. Besides, England's desire to ③s top France from giving aid to Scots and ④a growing sense of nationalism were the other causes.一。 The English's being driven out of France is ①regarded as a blessing for both countrie s. If the English had remained in France, the superior size and wealth of France would h ave ②hindered the development of a separate English national identity, ③while France was hindered so long as a foreign power occupied so much French territory. 10.Constitutional monarchy (君主立宪制):The United Kingdom ,as the name implies, rem ains a monarchy, but one with limited power 11.Social Security (社会保障):The Social Security system is designed to secure a basic st andard of living for people in financial need “from the cradle to the grave”. 12.The church of England :The Church of England ,also called the Anglican Church(英 国国教),is the established or national church in England . 13.Westminster Abbey :a famous church located in London ,where English monarchs are crowded and distinguished English subjects are buried .The Poets’Corner contains th e graves o f great English writer ,includin g Geoffrey Chaucer and Robert Browning.