(完整版)跨文化交际英文版

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/45152392.html,munication is a dynamic, systematic process in which meanings are created and reflected in hum

an interaction with symbols.

2.Culture: The deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, meanings,

hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.

3.Acculturations: occurs when a society undergoes drastic culture change under the influence of a more

dominant culture and society with which it has come in contact.

4.Intercultural communication:It is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and

symbols are distinct enough to alter the communication event.

5.co-culture: when talking about groups or social communities exhibiting communication characteristics,

perceptions, values, beliefs, and practices that are significantly different enough to distinguish them from the other groups, communities, and the dominant culture.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/45152392.html,nguage is an organized, generally agreed on, learned symbol system used to represent the

experiences within a cultural community.

7.Perception: the process by which an individual selects, organizes, and information to create a

meaningful picture of the world.

8.Value: is an enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or

socially preferable to another.

9.Culture patterns: refers to both the conditions that contribute to the way in which a people perceive

and think about the world, and the manner in which they live that world.

10.Collectivism:is characterized by a rigid social framework that distinguishes between in-groups and

out-groups.

11.Masculinity: is the extent to which the dominant values in a society are male oriented and associated

with ambitions, differentiated sex roles, achievements, acquisition of money and signs of manliness. 12.A high-context (HC) communication or message is one in which most of the information is either in

the physical context or internalized in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicit, transmitted part of the massage. A low-context (LC) communication is just the opposite; i.e., the mass of information is vested in the explicit code.

13.Context: the information that surrounds an event; it is inextricably bound up with the meaning of that

event.

14.World view is a culture’s orientation toward God, humanity, nature, questions of existence, the

universe and cosmos, life, moral and ethical reasoning, suffering, death, and other philosophical issues that influence how its members perceive their world.

15.Argot is a more or less private vocabulary peculiar to a co-cultural group, and a group must have an

argot if it is to be considered a co-culture.

16.Nonverbal communication involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are

generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver.

17.A learning style is a particular way that an individual receives and processes information.

18.Stereotyping is a complex form of categorization that mentally organizes our experiences and guides

our behavior toward a group of people.

19.Culture shock: when we are thrust into another culture and experience psychological and physical

discomfort from this contact we have become victims of culture shock.

20.Ethnocentrism: the belief that one’s culture is primary to all explanations of reality.

21.Seven characteristics of culture affect communication: learned, transmitted from generation to

generation, based on symbols, dynamic, integrated, ethnocentric, adaptive.

22.Belief: our conviction in the truth of something. Learned and subject to cultural interpretation and

cultural diversity.

23.Individualism:refers to the doctrine, spelled out in detail by the seventeenth. The single most

important pattern in the US.

24.Hofstede’s Value Dimensions:four parts: individualism-collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, power

distance, and masculinity and femininity.

25.Culture differs in their attitudes toward: individualism and collectivism, uncertainty avoidance,

power distance, masculinity and femininity, human nature, the perception of nature, time, activity, relationships, context, formality and informality, assertiveness and interpersonal harmony.

26.Religious Similarities: sacred writings, authority, traditional rituals, speculation, ethics.

27.Five religious orientations: Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism.

28.the family we are born into the family of orientation and take a spouse the family of procreation.

29.problems of translation and equivalence：vocabulary or lexical equivalence, idiomatic and slang

equivalence, grammatical-syntactical equivalence, experiential-cultural equivalence, conceptual equivalence.

30.The use of argot reflects a co-culture’s need to have a language that permits them to 1.share

membership,2. participate in their social and cultural communities,3. identify themselves and their place in the universe, 4. communicate with one another about their own social realities.

31.Functions of communication: repeating, complementing, substituting, regulating, contradicting.

32.The study of how movement communicates is called kinesics. Kinesic cues are those visible body

shifts and movements that can send messages about 1.our attitude toward the other person 2. our emotional state 3. our desire to control our environment.

33.Eyes serve six communication functions: 1. indicates degree of attentiveness, interest, and arousal 2.

help intiate and sustain intimate relationships 3. influence attitude change and persuasion 4. regulate interaction 5. communicate emotions 6. define power and status relationships 7. assume a central role in impression management.

34.kinds of vocalizations: vocal characterizers, vocal qualifiers, vocal segregates.

跨文化交际(英文版)

Cross –cultural communication Thesis statement: This paper is mainly talking about the culture differences between several countries. Outline: Chapter 1: Language and culture in communication Chapter2: Culture shock Chapter3: What’s in a name? Chapter4: Social interaction Chapter 5: Roles and relations Chapter6: Non-verbal communication Chapter 7: In other words. Chapter 8: From a primitive Tribe to a Global Village Conclusion Chapter 1: Language and culture in communication There is no denying the fact that out daily lives depend largely on communication, without it we can’t know each other. So, we should come to realize that communication is of great importance. What is communication? In total, communication can be divided into two parts; they are verbal communication and non-verbal communication. However, different people hold different opinions about communication. In general, if there is communication, there must have 4 cases: there are at least two or more people, some contact between communicators, a language shared by communicators, an exchange of information has taken place. I just take the fist one for example. Suppose there is one person, there can’t be communication. Otherwise, he may talk to himself. Communication not just exist in human-beings There are five kinds of communications they are human communication, animal communication, human-animal communication, human machine communication, machine communication. So, Animals and machines can also communicate with each other. For human beings, how can we communicate with each other? Experts say that there are various kinds of communication. Nowadays, there are different kinds of tools for us to communicate .For people we can use telephone and computer to communicate with each other. By them, finally we can receive message. What is social situation? When there are two or more people gather to do a job or an activity, then it creates a social situation. That is to say, an individual working alone can not constitute a social s A social situation may have two definitions. One is given by the community, and the other by the participants. Finally, we should notice that being polite plays a crucial role in

跨文化交际论文题目

1.英文原声电影赏析与跨文化交际能力的培养 2."跨文化非语言交际语用失误研究 3."公示语翻译中的语用失误探析 4.国内广告语言语用失误研究现状与分析 5."全球化语境下跨文化交际失误语用归因 6."跨文化交际中的语用失误类型及对策研究 7."基于礼貌原则的跨文化语用失误分析 8."跨文化言语交际中的语用负迁移 9."浅析化妆品广告中的语用预设 10."中西方饮食文化的比较研究 11."中美时间观之对比 1 2."浅析汉英问候语中的文化差异 13."英汉词汇的文化内涵差异探析 14."英语身体语的交际功能研究 1 5."浅谈英汉身势语的表意功能之差异 16."目标语文化的理解与跨文化交际 1 7."中西文化差异对中国学生英语学生的影响 18."跨文化交际中的文化误读

9."浅析文化差异对商务谈判的影响 20."英语禁忌语的文化内涵异同研究 21."英语学习中的文化习得 2 2."英汉思维模式的差异对跨文化交际的影响 23."外语学习者的思辨能力与跨文化交际之成效 24."培养英语学习者跨文化交际能力之策略 25."英汉道歉语差异及原因 26."中西跨文化礼貌语差异探析 27."英汉语言中礼貌表达法之比较 28."英汉习惯用语的文化内涵探源 29."英语称赞语及其回应的异同研究 3 0."中美（西）家庭教育理念的差异及其对孩子的影响 31."中国英语学习者跨文化交际中的主要障碍研究 32."试析跨文化交际中角色互动的作用 3 3."本土文化与异国文化的冲突对跨文化交际的影响 34."跨文化交际中的时间观差异 35."论跨文化交际中的中西餐桌礼仪

6."关于提升英语专业学生跨文化交际能力的培养 37."涉外婚姻中的中西文化冲突 38."论跨文化广告传播中食品商标的翻译439."多媒体教学与跨文化交际能力的培养40."中西方儿童文学的差异 4 1."中西体育文化的差异及其受全球化发展的影响 42."中西传统休闲文化及其价值观的对比分析 43."简爱与林黛玉不同命运的文化透析 44."国际商务活动中礼貌原则的应用 4 5."论文化背景知识在外语阅读教学中的作用 46."国际商务交际活动中的非语言交际 47."浅析英汉汽车商标的特点及其翻译 48."英汉隐喻差异的文化阐释 49."文化语境下的英汉植物词 50."文化语境下的英汉动物词 51."从体态语探析中西文化差异 52."浅析英汉颜色词的文化内涵 53."文化视野下英语谚语的比较

跨文化交际英文案例

Case 1 Girl-ness As a visiting professor in an American university, Zhang Hua was invited to give a lecture to a group of American students. He talked about university students in China. During the question-and-answer period after the lecture, one female student asked a question that surprised Zhang Hua. “When you talked about female students, you referred to them as girls. Why?” “Because they are girls. That’s what they are called,” Zhang Hua tried to answer, but he knew he did not really understand the intent of the question. “ I don’t quite understand your question, I’m afraid.” “In the States, we call ourselves ‘ women’ if we’re old enough to go to the university. Calling us ‘girls’ is insulting.” Do Chinese female college students prefer to be called women? Case 2 Many years ago, a Chinese man showed a photo of his wife to some American visitors. Out of courtesy, they all said,” She is very beautiful.” Also out of courtesy, the man replied with what he would have done in Chinese under the circumstance,” Where! Where!” Quite taken aback, nobody said anything for a moment, until the most ingenious one among the visitors, taking another look at the photo, said, “Oh, everywhere!” What did the Chinese intend to mean by replying with “ Where! Where!”? Case 1 Girl-ness As a visiting professor in an American university, Zhang Hua was invited to give a

跨文化交际论文中文

浅谈跨文化交际 【摘要】在中西跨文化交际中，文化冲突的事例屡见不鲜，严重影响了交往的顺利进行，因此我们很有必要找出其深层次的原因，并采取一定的措施来培养跨文化交际的能力，避免文化冲突。 【关键词】跨文化交际、文化差异、文化冲突 随着中国对外开放程度的逐渐深入，西方社会的人和事物越来越多地走进了我们的视野，在这种情况下，跨国域、跨民族、跨文化的经济和社会交往将会与日俱增，这就为我们提供了许多与西方人接触和交往的机会，这对于加深我们的西方社会的理解是一件好事，但这并不是一件简单的事情，因为我们所面对的是来自陌生的文化和国家，思维方式、生活习惯和行为方式与我们迥然不同的人，在与之交往的过程中不可避免的会出现文化冲突的现象。 一．中西跨文化交际中经常出现的文化冲突 在中西跨文化交际中会出现的文化冲突有很多种，在这里我们不可能一一叙述，只能列出比较常见的几种。 1.隐私方面的冲突 中国人的隐私观念比较薄弱，认为个人要归属于集体，在一起讲究团结友爱，互相关心，故而中国人往往很愿意了解别人的酸甜苦辣，对方也愿意坦诚相告。而西方人则非常注重个人隐私，讲究个人空间，不愿意向别人过多提及自己的事情，更不愿意让别人干预。因此在隐私问题上中西双方经常发生冲突，例如：中国人第一次见面往往会

询问对方的年龄，婚姻状况，儿女，职业，甚至收入，在中国人的眼里这是一种礼貌，但在西方人眼里则认为这些问题侵犯了他们的隐私。 2.时间观方面的冲突 西方人的时间观和金钱观是联系在一起的，时间就是金钱的观念根深蒂固，所以它们非常珍惜时间，在生活中往往对时间都做了精心的安排和计划，并养成了按时赴约的好习惯。在西方，要拜访某人，必须事先通知或约定，并说明拜访的目的、时间和地点，经商定后方可进行。而中国人则属于多向时间习惯的国家，在时间的使用上具有很大的随意性，一般不会像西方人那样严格的按照计划进行，西方人对此往往感到不适应。 3.客套语方面的冲突 中国人注重谦虚，在与人交际时，讲求“卑己尊人”，把这看作一种美德，这是一种富有中国文化特色的礼貌现象。在别人赞扬我们时，我们往往会自贬一番，以表谦虚有礼。西方国家却没有这样的文化习惯，当他们受到赞扬时，总会很高兴地说一声“Thank you”表示接受。由于中西文化差异，我们认为西方人过于自信，毫不谦虚；而当西方人听到中国人这样否定别人对自己的赞扬或者听到他们自己否定自己的成就，甚至把自己贬得一文不值时，会感到非常惊讶，认为中国人不诚实。 4.餐饮习俗方面的冲突 中华民族素有热情好客的优良传统。在交际场合和酒席上，热情的

跨文化交际论文

摘要：谚语是一个民族吸取自己优秀文化的成果，其言简意赅、内涵丰富并在民间广泛使用。本文通过对英汉谚语文化差异的分析，力求加深对英汉谚语的理解，提高对英汉谚语的运用和翻译能力。 关键词：谚语文化差异翻译 1. 引言 谚语（proverb or saying）是人民群众在生产生活中提炼出来的智慧结晶，是一个民族的语言和文化的重要组成部分。《辞海》（2000年版，491页）是这样定义的：谚语是?流传于民间的简练通俗而富于意义的语句?。《朗文当代高级辞典》给谚语下的定义是：?a short well-known supposedly wise saying in simple language?。谚语和一个民族的历史背景、生活习惯、地理环境、民族心理、意识形态等是密切相连的。 2. 英汉谚语的文化差异基于不同的文化背景而形成的谚语有着较大的差别，以下将从审美角度、自然环境、宗教信仰、思想观念等几个方面对英汉谚语的差异进行分析。 2.1 审美差异在诸多英汉谚语差异中，最为典型的要属对待动物的态度了，其中，龙的例子最为人所熟知，在中国，龙代表帝王，象征吉利的动物，有不可思议的力量。因此有谚语?龙眼识珠，凤眼识宅?、?龙投大海，虎奔高山?。而英美却认为?dragon?是邪恶的象征，如sow dragon’s teeth等等。在汉语中习惯用老虎来形容勇敢、凶猛、威严，在西方，狮子常被尊为百兽之王。因此，我们在翻译含?lion?（狮子）的习语和谚语时不妨用?虎?取而代之则更符合中国人的认同感。如：come in like a lion and go out like a lam b 虎头蛇尾；like a key in a lion' s hide狐假虎威等。 2.2 自然差异中英两国所处的地域不同，自然环境、山川物产、气候差异与历史发展轨迹千差万别。英国乃岛国，英民族生活在四面临海的岛上，擅长航海，所以英语里有很多与?航海?有关的谚语:A smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner 平静的大海练不出好水手，To keep one’s head above water奋力图存；而汉民族生活在以农业经济为主的广袤大陆上，谚语很多和农业生产有关. 民以食为天；瑞雪兆丰年；四体不勤，五谷不分等。 2.3 宗教信仰差异宗教信仰是人们精神活动的一个方面，是民族文化的重要组成部分。基督教是英美国家的主要宗教信仰，而中国人受佛教和道家思想影响较大，由此产生了许多独具宗教特色的谚语，如佛教?不看僧面看佛面?、?放下屠刀，立地成佛?、?善有善报，恶有恶报?。再如道教?八仙过海各显神通?、?道高一尺，魔高一丈?、?福兮祸之所伏，祸兮福之所倚?、等等。而英国的典故主要来自《圣经》、古希腊神话等西方经典著作，如God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者。Whom God would ruin he first sends mad.上帝欲毁灭之，必先使其疯狂。 2.4 思想观念差异英民族强调众生平等，Human blood is all of a color. 人类血的颜色是一样的。 A cat may look at a king人人平等；而汉民族却有较强的等级观念，家族讲家法，讲辈分；社会讲宗法，将尊卑。谚语中有?父母在，不远游?、?千里烧香，不如在家敬爹娘?。西方道德中，比较注重子女自己独立的人格，这一点体现在如?Children are not to be blamed for the faults of their parents.?的谚语中。还有?All stratagems are fair in love?、?Love is without reason?等就体现了男女平等 ,自由恋爱。英民族有着开拓进取、永争第一的勇气，?Keep up with the Jones. ?赶上富邻居，争比阔绰。而深受儒家?中庸?之道影响的汉民族则怕出头，?枪打出头鸟、出头的椽子先烂?等。 3. 翻译策略 正如刘宓庆说的：?文化翻译的任务不是翻译文化，而是翻译容载或含蕴着文化信息的意义。意义始终是我们关注的中心：它既是我们的出发点，又是我们的落脚点。?[1](p83)本着抛砖引玉的想法，笔者试从以下几方面谈谈英汉谚语的翻译策略。

跨文化交际英语论文

Differences between Chinese and Western cultural communication By Yu Li Na Under the supervision of Yang Dong Min A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ART Intercultural communication 错误！未找到引用源。 Shaanxi Normal University June,2013

Differences between Chinese and Western cultural communication Abstract： What is culture？ Simple to say, culture is one of those you don't know why but also willing to accept, rules and knowledge from the start, in practice most people can experience the benefits, or that can bring benefits, so that these rules and knowledge has become the most people choose, this constitutes the main content of culture. But if this rule or understanding has been completely objective practice proves impossible do not insist, renewal ability is also culture has. So the culture is the difficult to give the rules and knowledge about (belonging to the values and Philosophy), and has some subjectivity, continuity, group, beneficial four characteristics. Key words： culture；subjectivity；continuity, group, beneficial four characteristics. 1 Introduction For example, the Spring Festival, everyone should think over the Spring Festival, but get used to it, it is difficult to say. We must have the spring festival what necessity, but can tell some benefits, so naturally continue down. But is this kind of natural inertia, has a powerful social force, unless the social upheaval, or completely oppressed the erosion of alien culture. The process for China's traditional culture is not more than once, but they were conquered by the Chinese culture has its own rationality and strong cohesion. Here the two Chinese cultural characteristics, reason and cohesion. To give credit to the acts of such a phenomenon exists in every society groups in society, exist in a variety of language and culture, the different levels and in different degrees, reflecting the people's social activity, it can not only shorten the distance between communication, and can contact feelings, to consolidate and strengthen the communication between United, played the role of social lubricant. Pomerantz American linguists point out that language is a kind of support to give credit to the sexual behavior (supportive action), is also a sexual evaluation (assessment action), that is to say, there is praise, not only praised the language of nature, there is also the nature of the evaluation. Let us explore the Chinese and English culture in the praise of the

跨文化交际 英文

Analysis of Deferent V iews on “Filial P iety” Between China and American from Movie Guasha Abstract:“While one’s parents are alive, one should not travel to distant places.”“The gentleman works hard on the basic principles, thereafter comes morality; filial piety is the basic principle of a human being.”These are our Chinese traditional filial piety. But are these standards or rules suitable for every nation? The movie Guasha shows us many about the differences of filial piety between China and American. There are many misunderstanding and coincidence in this movie and those are the cause of the circuitous of the characters’fate. All of these are rooted in the cultural differences between China and American. In this assay, I made the differences of filial piety as the point of entry to analyze the reason why the differences come and their similarity. Key words: Guasha, the culture in china and America, piety, filial piety, object The movie Guasha tells a story that a Chinese couple who lived in American for 8 years took the hero’s father in American after they think they had realized their American dream. But a few days later, their son got ill; the old father used Guasha to treat the little boy for he didn’t know how to read English. The bruises were noticed by the child welfare bureau, and all the rough broke out after that. Finally, they had a universal satisfactory ending. The end of the story is to the satisfaction of all, but a variety of cultural conflict is the apparent. What we see is the initial irreconcilable to accept, understand. Many people will think that Chinese and Western have cultural differences, I think so, but I also think that behind these differences, there are many similarities. The following, I will be on the film to talk something about filial piety plot makes concrete analysis, and explore how cultural differences reflected in the filial piety? Why is it? What are the similarities? But before that, we will first do a general understanding of filial piety. In the ancient clan and tribal society, meaning of "filial piety" is very wide. It refers to the family of the elder respect, love, support and sacrifice. With the family as the basic unit of society and social development in a long time, "filial piety" changes from the family elder respect to parental care, and become an important ethical rule to do with family relations. Today, "filial piety" to living gets more attention. We often say that the parents contribute to our

跨文化交际论文

西南大学本科生课程论文 论文题目：An Understanding of “Language-and-Culture, Two Sides of the Same Coin in the Perspective of Intercultural Communication” 课程名称：跨文化交际 任课教师：杨杰 专业：英语（师范） 班级：200级11班 学号：222009310011324 姓名：王小青 2011 年12 月23 日 西南大学外国语学院制

An Understanding of “Language-and-Culture, Two Sides of the Same Coin in the Perspective of Intercultural C ommunication” WANG Xiaoqing Abstract:As we all know, we express our thoughts by means of language. However, while we using language, we convey culture at the same time. As for color, it’s a part of language, so it including culture, too. There are differences in the use of colors and color words between Chinese and English cultures. The different cultures bring different attitudes toward the same color because of different culture background, they reveal wide connotation of cultures. We should pay attention to observing not only their basic meanings, but also the deep and broad symbolic meanings. The symbolic meanings of color words often have different features in different language cultures. And some of them even have become taboos and adornments since the meanings of the color words are extended and transferred. Meanwhile, the cultural exchanges and the color views have similar phenomenon and coincidence in the languages. Key W ords: Color words; cultural differences; symbolic meanings; comparison I. Introduction Color is an important part of our life. Color words help us to understand the world around, like our sense of taste and smell. The basic color words in English such as red, yellow, white, black, not only express the colors of objective things, but also the obstruct things. The color words have specified semantic meanings in different cultures. Without understanding of them, we will probably run into obstacles or make a fun of ourselves in communication. Therefore learning and grasping the symbolic meanings of color words are important. Good understanding of the symbolic meanings of color words can help us communicate effectively among people from different countries. This paper tries to illustrate the different symbolic meanings of color words in Chinese and English cultures by comparison and analysis of them. II. Color and Culture Color words, in whatever languages, are used for describing different things. The statistics show that there are more than 7 million kinds of colors can be recognized in the nature. However, the color names are very limited in the languages because there are only dozens of colors

跨文化交际英语论文

The Necessity of Intercultural Communication People can not live without Communication. Communication is everywhere. Even when they are alone, people are bombarded with communication. Human communication—that is, the ability to use language, the ability to exchange ideas with people around us in different cultures. Communication with others is the essence of what it means to be human. Communication which is very important to our humans is the vehicle by which people initiate, maintain, and terminate their relationships with others. Like communication, culture is prevalence and has a profound effect on humans. Culture is also invisible yet pervasive. As we go about our daily lives, we do not have a great sence of our culture’s influence. Culture exist everywhere around us between different nations even different countries. Culture has a direct influence on the physical, relational and perceptual environment. Yet most of our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are profoundly affected by different cultures. In addition to the rapid growth of modern society, People have more and more exchanges, the importance of intercultural communication is becoming more important. Intercultural communication occurs whenever a minimum of two persons from different cultures or countries come together and exchange verbal and nonverbal symbols. It can occurs everywhere. For example, When we do business with people from different cultures or different countries, we need to communicate with them, we need exchange different views about the business on the matter of information . A main theme throughout this text is that intercultural communication is indispensable. Successfully communicatting with someone from a different culture or different countries which is very difficult to our human requires a degree of communication competence. Most models of communication competence include a affective, and behavioral component, which is indispensable in cross-cultural communication. With the rapid growth of the modern society, the benefits of the Intercultural communication are even greater. Communicating and establishing relationships with people from different cultures can lead to a whole host of benefits, including healthier communities; increased international, national, and local commerce; reduced conflict; and personal growth through increased tolerance. Through open and honest intercultural communication, people can work together to achieve goals that benefit everyone, regardless of group or culture, including the global community in the home, business, or neighborhood. Healthy communities support all community members and strive to understand, appreciate, and acknowledge each member. Our ability to interact with persons from different cultures brought us many benefits, through cross-cultural exchange, we can learn about the other countries'way of life, also we can understand their industry structure, thus we can do commercial exchanges and academic communication with them, the academic has No boundaries, only through the exchange, we can get more academic knowledge, our communication will be easier and there will be less conflict between people of different cultures. As mentioned earlier in this text, when we come together with a person from a different culture, we may feel uncertain, apprehensive and anxious. Such feelings are stressful. Hence, sometimes intercultural communication can be stressful. The good news is that we can learn and adapt to such stress and. During intercultural communication we have to keep in our mind that the communication strategies we use with persons with whom we are familiar may not be effective with persons from other cultures. Thus, we have to learn to adapt and adjust our communication style. We have to recognize that we will make mistakes, learn from them, adapt, and move on. A good beginning point