国际经济学作业任务答案解析-第十章
Chapter 10 Trade in Developing Countries
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The infant industry argument was an important theoretical basis for
(a) Neo-colonialist theory of international exploitation.
(b) Import-substituting industrialization.
(c) Historiography of the industrial revolution in Western Europe.
(d) East-Asian miracle.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
2. Sophisticated theoretical arguments supporting import-substitution policies include
(a) Terms of trade effects.
(b) Scale economy arguments.
(c) Learning curve considerations.
(d) The problem of appropriability.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
3. General equilibrium considerations lead to the realization that import-substituting
policies have
an effect of
(a) Discouraging exports.
(b) Encouraging exports.
(c) Encouraging an efficient use of a country’s resources.
(d) Generating large tariff revenues for the government
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
* * 4. Historically those few developing countries which have succeeded in significantly
raising their
per-capita income levels
(a) Did not accomplish this with import-substituting industrialization.
(b) Did accomplish this with import-substituting industrialization.
(c) Tended to provide heavy protection to domestic industrial sectors.
(d) Favored industrial to agricultural or service sectors.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
* *
5. Statistical evidence suggests that
(a) Free trade policies promote economic growth more effectively than do import
substitution policies.
(b) Import substituting policies tend to promote effective exploitation of scale
economies.
(c) Import substitution tends to lead to relatively low effective rates of protection.
(d) Import substitution is to this day the preferred growth strategy promoted by the
World Bank.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
6. The growth successes of the high performance Asian economies
(a) Supports the belief that economic development requires import substitution
policies.
(b) Rejects the belief that export-oriented industrialization is likely to promote
economic development.
(c) Rejects the belief that economic development requires import substitution
policies.
(d) Suggests that free trade policies are required for successful economic
development.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
7. The high correlation between rapid growth in exports and rapid economic growth
observed in several East Asia countries in recent decades proves that
(a) Export promoting trade policy leads to relatively rapid economic growth.
(b) A free-trade orientation of trade policy results in rapid economic growth.
(c) Exports help growth, whereas imports impede growth.
(d) Trade policy is perhaps the most important policy area for promotion of
economic development.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: E
8. The relatively rapid economic growth experienced by Chile in the late 1980s
* *
(a) Supported the conventional Latin American reliance on import substitution.
(b) Relied on the Harris-Todaro model to explain this growth.
(c) Rejected the conventional Latin American reliance on import substitution.
(d) Demonstrated the importance of market failure as a reason for import
substitution.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
9. Which of the following could explain why the terms of trade of developing
countries might deteriorate over time?
(a) Developing country exports consist mainly of manufactured goods
(b) Developing country exports consist mainly of primary products.
(c) Commodity export prices are determined in highly competitive markets.
(d) Commodity export prices are solely determined by developing countries.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
* * 10. Which trade strategy have developing countries used to restrict imports of
manufactured goods so that the domestic market is preserved for home producers, who thus can take over markets already established in the country?
(a) International commodity agreement.
(b) Export promotion.
(c) Multilateral contract.
(d) Import substitution.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
11. To help developing countries expand their industrial base, some industrial countries
have reduced tariffs on designated manufactured imports from developing
countries below the levels applied to imports from industrial countries. This policy is called
(a) Export-led growth.
(b) Generalized system of preferences.
(c) Most Favored Nation.
(d) Reciprocal trade agreement.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
12. Which industrialization policy used by developing countries places emphasis on the
comparative advantage principle as a guide to resource allocation?
(a) Export promotion.
(b) Import substitution.
(c) International commodity agreements.
(d) Infant Industry promotion.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
13. Taiwan and South Korea are examples of developing nations that have recently
pursued these industrialization policies
(a) Import substitution.
(b) Export promotion.
* *
(c) Commercial dumping.
(d) Multilateral contract.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
14. To help developing nations strengthen their international competitiveness, many
industrial nations have granted tariff reductions to developing nations under the
(a) International commodity agreements program.
(b) Multilateral contract program.
(c) Generalized system of preferences program.
(d) Export led growth program
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
* *
15. A reason why it is difficult for developing countries to maintain a cartel is that
(a) The elasticity of demand for a cartel’s output decreases over time.
(b) Producers in the cartel have an economic incentive to cheat.
(c) Economic profits discourage other producers from entering the industry.
(d) Producers in the cartel have the motivation to lower prices but not to raise
prices.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
16. Import substitution policies make use of
(a) Tariffs that discourage goods from entering a country.
(b) Quotas applied to goods that are shipped abroad.
(c) Production subsidies granted to industries with comparative advantage.
(d) Tax breaks granted to industries with comparative advantage.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
17. Export-led growth tends to
(a) Discourage competition in the global economy.
(b) Exploit domestic comparative advantages.
(c) Lead to unemployment among domestic workers.
(d) Help firms benefit from diseconomies of large-scale production.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
18. All the following nations except _______ have recently utilized export-led growth
policies.
(a) Hong Kong
(b) South Korea
(c) Argentina
(d) Singapore
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
* * 19. The development of countries like South Korea has been supported by all of the
following except.
(a) High domestic interest rates.
(b) High domestic saving rates.
(c) Large endowments of human capital.
(d) High levels of labor productivity.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
* *
20. For most developing countries
(a) Productivity is high among domestic workers.
(b) Population growth and illiteracy rates are low
(c) Saving and investment levels are high
(d) Agricultural goods and raw materials constitute a high proportion of domestic
output.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
21. In 2003, the per-capita income in China was roughly _____of that in the U.S.
(a) one hundredth
(b) One eighth
(c) One half
(d) The same as
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
22. The “East Asian Miracle” is
(a) The ability of so many people to live in such small areas.
(b) The fact that so many Influenza varieties originate from this region.
(c) The fact that poor dualistic economies managed to escape the vicious circle of
poverty.
(d) The ability to maintain large positive trade balances with the U.S.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
23. The infant industry argument is that
(a) Comparative advantage is irrelevant to economic growth
(b) Developing countries have a comparative advantage in agricultural goods.
(c) Developing countries have a comparative advantage in manufacturing.
(d) Developing countries have a potential comparative advantage in manufacturing.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
* *
24. The infant industry argument calls for active government involvement
(a) Only if the government forecasts are accurate.
(b) Only if some market failure can be identified.
(c) Only if the industry is not one already dominated by industrial countries.
(d) Only if the industry has a high value added.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
25. The imperfect capital market justification for infant industry promotion
(a) Assumes that new industries will tend to have low profits.
(b) Assumes that infant industries will soon mature.
(c) Assumes that infant industries will be in products of comparative advantage.
(d) Assumes that banks can allocate resources efficiently.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
* *
26. Brazil’s export record in 1999 illustrated the principle that
(a) A large country will tend to have few exports.
(b) A small country will tend to have a high export ratio.
(c) Protectionist policies tend to discourage exports.
(d) Export-promoting policies do not tend to work.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
27. The disappointment with import-substitution policies is in part because
(a) The rapid and continuous growth record of South American countries.
(b) Many countries pursuing this strategy experienced stagnation in their growth.
(c) This policy is inconsistent with sophisticated economic growth models.
(d) This policy tended to create world-class industrial competitors.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
28. Import substitution policies have over time tended to involve all but the following
(a) Overlapping import quotas.
(b) Exchange controls.
(c) Domestic content rules.
(d) Simple tariffs.
(e) Multiple exchange rate schemes.
Answer: D
29. An efficient economy would set the marginal product in the traditional sector
(a) Lower than that in the modern non-traditional sector.
(b) Higher than that in the modern sophisticated sector.
(c) Equal to that in the modern sophisticated sector.
(d) Lower in the relatively capital intensive sector.
(e) Higher in the relatively capital intensive sector.
Answer: C
30. The HPAE (High Performance Asian Economies) countries
(a) Have all consistently supported free trade policies.
* *
(b) Have all consistently maintained import-substitution policies.
(c) Have all consistently maintained non-biased efficient free capital markets.
(d) Have all maintained openness to international trade.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
* * 31. The experience of Sub-Sahara Africa, as compared to that of “Other Asia” (not
including the HPAEs) supports the argument that
(a) High rates of protection tend to harm economic growth
(b) The poorer is the country the easier it is for it to “catch up” economically
(c) Low rates of protection tend to promote economic growth
(d) Both (a) and (c)
(e) None of the above
Answer: E
32. The remarkable success of the HPAEs proves that
(a) trade policy is the key to successful economic growth
(b) trade policy is irrelevant to successful economic growth
(c) high educational standards is the key to successful economic growth
(d) dual economies must suffer economic stagnation
(e) None of the above
Answer: E
33. The HPAE “economic miracle” illustrates a clear case in which
(a) exports and growth were positively related
(b) exports were promoted by successful economic growth
(c) economic growth was determined by successful export promotion
(d) trade policy dominated other considerations in promoting economic growth
(e) None of the above
Answer: A
34. The “East Asian Miracle” of the “Four Tigers” in the 1960s was replicated by
(a) developing countries around the world
(b) other East Asian countries
(c) Sub Sahara African countries
(d) Industrialized countries
(e) None of the above
Answer: B
* * 35. The experience of Chile’s foreign sector in the last two decades of the 20th
Century supports the proposition that economic growth is supported by
(a) Import substitution
(b) Industrialization policies
(c) Trade liberalization policies
(d) Both (a) and (b) above
(e) None of the above
Answer: C
* *
36. China’s recent experience supports the proposition that
(a) “Economic miracles” are solely to be expected in small countries
(b) Central planning and socialism can promote sustained economic growth
(c) A lessening of income disparities is a prerequisite for economic growth
(d) Growth in a large country cannot be affected by its foreign sector
(e) None of the above
Answer: E
Essay Questions
1. It is argued that import substitution is a misguided trade policy if the intent is to
promote long-term economic growth. Explain the reasons underlying this argument.
Answer: I mport substitution promotes that economic activity in which the country is relatively inefficient. This lowers the real income at any given time and
decreases the resources which can be used for investment purposes, hence
lower growth rates. An additional answer is that import substitution by
creating a protected domestic market fails to provide incentives to produce
high, or world-class quality—which means this country, cannot market in
foreign countries. With such a (perceived) limited market, endogenous
economic growth will not be forthcoming. Finally, it may be that exposure
to world competition has its own dynamic effect promoting economic
growth.
2. The United States, as it began its long and successful growth in the early 19th
Century, consciously promoted domestic production through such activities as
tariffs, Clay’s American System, and many direct subsidies to railroads, canal
companies, farmers (free land) etc. Today we view this blatant example of large
scale and extensive import-substitution industrialization as having been very
successful. Comment and relate to your answer to question 1.
Answer: T his is an interesting point and emphasizes that economic models tend to be a-historical. That is, they lack the historic perspective; and thus may be
misleading as guides to long run issues, such as economic growth. This also
suggests that trade policy per se is almost certainly not sufficient to explain
why some countries grow and others do not.
* * 3. Classical and Neoclassical trade theory makes the case that free trade can bring a
country to an optimum and economically efficient use of its resources; and hence is an optimal trade-policy, if the objective is maximizing long term economic growth.
There are those who argue that the experience of the Asian Miracle countries, such as Taiwan, South Korea and Singapore verify this argument in the real world. Explain.
There are others who argue that the experience of these countries cannot be used to verify or support the argument above. Explain.
Answer: B oth arguments may indeed be made. These countries did in fact tend to promote exports in a consistent set of policies. However, they tended to do
this via conscious National industrial-policy (e.g., South Korea using “the
Japanese system”), and hence (with the possible exception of Hong Kong)
do not provide a good test-tube for the long run effects of a free-trade
stance.
* * 4. The consensus today is that import—substitution protectionist industrial policy has
not served the developing countries’ growth ambitions well. This fact proves that policies relying on export-driven growth are the “winning ticket” for these
countries.
Answer: A lthough there are many who draw precisely this lesson from the “ East Asian Miracle” of the past half-century, such a conclusion does not
necessarily follow logically. Although the four HPAEs succeeded in their
economic as well as in their export sector growth, they differed among
themselves considerably in the degree and manner with which they abjured
protectionist policies. In any case, export-promotion policies may distort
relative prices to the same extent as import protectionist policies, and
hence may lead to the same waste and misallocation of national resources. Graphical/Numerical Problems
1. If OmL1 workers are employed in manufacturing then what is the marginal
productivity of labor in manufacturing?
Answer: O mWm
2. If OmL1 workers are employed in manufacturing then what is the marginal
productivity of labor in agriculture?
Answer: O fWf
* * 3. If manufacturing labor were to increase to OmL2, how much value would the economy
as a whole gain?
Answer: t he triangle ABC.
4. Why would workers not shift from agriculture to manufacturing in the initial
situation where wages are higher in the latter?
Answer: i mperfections in the labor market
5. If the economy were in the initial position (where OmL1 workers were in
manufacturing, what trade policy might gain ABC of economic welfare?
Answer: i mport-substitution giving protection to manufacturing.
国际经济学作业答案第一章
Chapter 1 Introduction Multiple Choice Questions Historians of economic thought often describe ___________ written by _______ and published in __________ as the first real exposition of an economic model. “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1776 “Wealth of Nations,” David Hume, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1776 “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1758 Answer: E From 1959 to 2000, the U.S. economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. imports roughly tripled in size. the share of US Trade in the economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. Imports roughly tripled as compared to U.S. exports. U.S. exports roughly tripled in size. Answer: C The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because the United States is a relatively large country. the United States is a “Superpower.” the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything. the United States invests in many other countries. many countries invest in the United States. Answer: A Ancient theories of international economics from the 18th and 19th Centuries are: not relevant to current policy analysis. are only of moderate relevance in today’s modern international economy. are highly relevant in today’s modern internationa l economy. are the only theories that actually relevant to modern international economy. are not well understood by modern mathematically oriented theorists. Answer: C
国际经济学英文题库(最全版附答案)
【国际经济学】英文题库 Chapter 1: Introduction Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States? *A. Coffee, tea, cocoa B. steel, copper, aluminum C. petroleum, coal, natural gas D. typewriters, computers, airplanes 2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of: A. the United States *B. Switzerland C. Germany D. England 3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has: *A. grown B. diminished C. remained unchanged D. cannot say 4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by: A. the size of the nations' population B. the percentage of its population to its GDP *C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDP D. all of the above 5. Economic interdependence is greater for: *A. small nations
国际经济学在线作业
国际经济学在线作业 1．第1题 比较优势理论认为国际贸易的驱动力是 （）。 A.劳动生产率的差异 B.技术水平的差异 C.产品品质的差异 D.价格的差异 您的答案： A 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 2．第2题 如果一个大国对进口商品征收关税（）。 A.对贸易条件不产生影响 B.提高所有国家的贸易条件 C.提高本国的贸易条件 D.导致本国贸易条件恶化 您的答案： C 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 3．第3题 通常所说的“纸黄金”是（）。 A.黄金 B.外汇 C.普通提款权 D.特别提款权 您的答案： D 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 4．第4题 甲乙两国货币的实际汇率由名义汇率以及
（）共同决定。 A.甲国货币购买力 B.乙国货币购买力 C.两国利率水平 D.两国相对物价水平 您的答案： D 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 5．第5题 根据蒙代尔的“政策配合说”，用来实现外部均衡的 政策手段是（）。 A.财政政策 B.货币政策 C.汇率政策 D.直接管制 您的答案： B 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 6．第6题 不能解释产业内贸易现象的理论有( )。 A.重叠需求理论 B.要素比例理论 C.规模经济理论 D.垄断竞争理论 您的答案： B 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 7．第7题 属于非关税壁垒的措施是( )。 A.反倾销税 B.反补贴税 C.进口附加税
D.国内最低限价 您的答案： D 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 8．第8题 下述哪一种不属于投机性外汇交易( )。 A.双边套汇 B.多边套汇 C.套利 D.套期保值 您的答案： D 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 9．第17题 IS-LM模型是宏观经济分析的一个重要工具，是描述____市场和____市场之间相互联系的理论结构。（） A.货币资本 B.资本劳动力 C.资本商品 D.货币产品 您的答案： D 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 10．第18题 国际经济一体化的形式不包括（）。 A.关税同盟 B.自由贸易区 C.共同市场 D.自由市场 您的答案： D 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0
国际经济学作业答案
C h a p t e r7I n t e r n a t i o n a l F a c t o r M o v e m e n t s Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework (a) I nternational trade in goods (b) I nternational conflict resolution (c) I nternational trade in services (d) I nternational trade in factors of production (e) I nternational borrowing and lending Answer: B 2. The slope of the production function measures (a) t he physical increase in output as country grows. (b) t he dollar-value increase in output as a country grows. (c) t he increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds. (d) t he marginal product of labor. (e) t he marginal product of capital.
Answer: D 3. International free labor mobility will under all circumstances (a) i ncrease total world output. (b) i mprove the economic welfare of everyone. (c) i mprove the economic welfare of workers everywhere. (d) i mprove the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere. (e) N one of the above. Answer: E 4. If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then (a) w orkers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country. (b) w orkers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country. (c) w orkers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital abundant country.
国际经济学计算题及答案
计算题及答案 1. 在古典贸易模型中，假设A国有120名劳动力，B国有50名劳动力，如果生产棉花的话，A国的人均产量是2吨，B国也是2吨；要是生产大米的话，A国的人均产量是10吨，B国则是16吨。画出两国的生产可能性曲线并分析两国中哪一国拥有生产大米的绝对优势？哪一国拥有生产大米的比较优势？ 思路：B国由于每人能生产16吨大米，而A国每人仅生产10吨大米，所以B国具有生产大米的绝对优势。 从两国生产可能性曲线看出A国生产大米的机会成本为，而B国为，所以B国生产大米的机会成本或相对成本低于A国，B国生产大米具有比较优势。 2.下表列出了加拿大和中国生产1单位计算机和1单位小麦所需的劳动时间。假定生 600小时，中国总劳动为800小时。 时各国生产计算机和Array 小麦的产量。 （2）哪个国家具有生产计算机的比较优势？哪个国家具有生产小麦的比较优势？ （3）如果给定世界价格是1单位计算机交换22单位的小麦，加拿大参与贸易可以从每单位的进口中节省多少劳动时间？中国可以从每单位进口中节省多少劳动时间？如果给定世界价格是1单位计算机交换24单位的小麦，加拿大和中国分别可以从进口每单位的货物中节省多少劳动时间？ （4）在自由贸易的情况下，各国应生产什么产品，数量是多少？整个世界的福利水平是提高还是降低了？试用图分析。（以效用水平来衡量福利水平） 思路： （1）中国生产计算机的机会成本为100/4=25，加拿大为60/3=20 （2）因为加拿大生产计算机的机会成本比中国低，所以加拿大具有生产者计算机的比较优势，中国就具有生产小麦的比较优势。 （3）如果各国按照比较优势生产和出口，加拿大进口小麦出口计算机，中国进口计算机出口小麦。 加拿大进口一单位小麦需要出口1/22单位计算机，折合成劳动时间来算，生产一单位小 麦本国要用3小时，但生产1/22单位计算机本国要用60/22小时劳动，所以加拿大进口 一单位小麦相当于用60/22小时的劳动换回本国3小时生产的产品，节省了 3-60/22=3/11小时的劳动时间。中国进口一单位计算机需要出口22单位小麦，相当于 用22*4=88小时的劳动换回本国需用100小时生产的产品，节省了100-88=12小时的劳 动时间。 如果世界价格是1单位计算机交换24单位的小麦，则相当于用60/24小时的劳动换回本 国3小时生产的产品，节省了3-60/24=1/2小时的劳动时间。中国进口一单位计算机需 要出口24单位小麦，相当于用24*4=96小时的劳动换回本国需用100小时生产的产品， 节省了100-96=4小时的劳动时间。 （4）在自由贸易的情况下，加拿大应专业生产计算机，数量为600/60=10单位；中国应专业 生产小麦，数量为800/4=200单位。
国际经济学作业答案-第八章
C h a p t e r8T h e I n s t r u m e n t s o f T r a d e P o l i c y Multiple Choice Questions 1. Specific tariffs are (a) import taxes stated in specific legal statutes. (b) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods. (c) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods. (d) the same as import quotas. (e) None of the above. Answer: B 2. Ad valorem tariffs are (a) import taxes stated in ads in industry publications. (b) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods. (c) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods. (d) the same as import quotas (e) None of the above. Answer: C 3. The excess supply curve of a product we (H) import from foreign countries (F) increases as (a) excess demand of country H increases. (b) excess demand of country F increases. (c) excess supply of country H increases. (d) excess supply of country F increases. (e) None of the above. Answer: D 4. If a good is imported into (large) country H from country F, then the imposition of a tariff in country H (a) raises the price of the good in both countries (the “Law of One Price”). (b) raises the price in country H and cannot affect its price in country F. (c) lowers the price of the good in both countries. (d) lowers the price of the good in H and could raise it in F. (e) raises the price of the good in H and lowers it in F. Answer: E
国际经济学英文版选择题汇总版附答案
《国际经济学》选择题汇总版（附答案） Ch1-Ch3 1.The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because A) the United States is a relatively large country with diverse resources. B) the United States is a “Superpower.” C)the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything. D) the United States invests in many other countries. E) many countries invest in the United States. 2. Because the Constitution forbids restraints on interstate trade, A) the U.S. may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA countries. B) the U.S. may not affect the international value of the $ U.S. C) the U.S. may not put restraints on foreign investments in California if it involves a financial intermediary in New York State. D) the U.S. may not impose export duties. E) the U.S. may not disrupt commerce between Florida and Hawaii. 3. International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fields A) macro and micro. B) developed and less developed. C) monetary and barter. D) international trade and international money. E) static and dynamic. 4. International monetary analysis focuses on A) the real side of the international economy. B) the international trade side of the international economy. C) the international investment side of the international economy. D) the issues of international cooperation between Central Banks. E) the monetary side of the international economy, such as currency exchange. 5. The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the fact that A)trade between Asia and the U.S. has grown faster than NAFTA trade. B) trade in services has grown faster than trade in goods. C) trade in manufactures has grown faster than in agricultural products. D) Intra-European Union trade exceeds international trade by the European Union. E) the U.S. trades more with Western Europe than it does with Canada. 6. The gravity model explains why A)trade between Sweden and Germany exceeds that between Sweden and Spain. B)countries with oil reserves tend to export oil. C)capital rich countries export capital intensive products. D) intra-industry trade is relatively more important than other forms of trade between neighboring
《国际经济学》复习题及参考答案
《国际经济学》复习题及参考答案 K135班 一、名词解释 1、国际经济学：是研究经济资源或稀缺资源在世界范围内的最优分配，以及在此过程中发生的经济活动和经济关系的科学。 2、倾销：海外的货物以低于同样货物的销售价格在同一时候在国内市场类似条件下的出售。 3、国际收支（广义）：在特定的时期（一般为一年）内，一个经济体与世界其他地方的各项经济交易。 4、提供曲线：就是相互需求曲线，表明一个国家为了进口一定量的商品，必须向其他国家出口一定量的商品的交换比率。 5、关税同盟：它是指两个或两个以上的国家通过签订条约或协定取消区域内关税或其他进口限制，并对非同盟国家实行统一的关税率而缔结的同盟。 6、贸易条件：即商品的国际交换比率。也就是单位出口能够换回的进口，用出口价格指数比进口价格指数。 7、外汇管制：一国政府通过法令对本国对外的国际结算和外汇买卖实行管制，用以实现国际收支平衡与本国货币汇率稳定的一种制度。 8、汇率：又称为汇价。是不同货币在外汇买卖过程中形成的交换比率。 9、开放经济：一个经济与其外部存在着经济往来关系，如对外贸易、资金流动、劳动力流动等对外经济关系。 10、资本国际流动：指资本从一个国家、地区或经济体，转移到另一个国家、地区和经济体的过程。 二、判断题 1、如果小国对进口商征收关税，那么关税造成的消费者损失小于国内生产商收益与政府关税收入之和。× 如果小国对进口商征收关税，那么关税造成的消费者损失大于国内生产商收益与政府关税收入之和。 2、李嘉图的比较优势理论指出，即使其中一个国家在所有产品上郡具有绝对成本优势，各国也可以根据比较优势进行专业化生产，然后通过贸易获益。√ 3、贫穷化增长适用于长期以来人口增长快于国内生产总值增长的国家。× 贫穷化增长适用于经济是典型的单一经济，离开单一产品的的生产和出口，该国就会陷入困境的发展中国家。 4、社会无差异曲线用来表示能够为社会成员提供相同满意感的商品消费组合。√ 5、产品生命周期理论认为，若任何国家首先成功推广了一种新产品，则这种新产品将在该国经历整个生命周期。× 产品生命周期理论认为，若任何国家首先成功推广了一种新产品，则这种新产品不会在该国经历整个生命周期。 6、幼稚产业是指那些处于成长阶段尚未成熟，但具有潜在优势的产业。√ 7、跨国企业是指向六个以上不同国家出口的企业。× 跨国企业是指在数个国家设有生产工厂的企业。 8、在实施布雷顿森林体系时期，美元是关键货币。√ 9、区分发展中国家和发达国家的最常用但并不完善的指标是人均GDP。√ 10、若美国经济增长速度高于英国，美元相对于英磅升值。× 若美国的通货膨胀速度低于英国，则美元相对于英磅升值。 11、斯密的绝对优势理论指出在贸易中两个国家均能通过出口其比另一国劳动生产率更高的产品获益。√ 12、共同市场是经济一体化的最高阶段。× 完全的经济一体化是经济一体化的最高阶段。 13、战略性贸易政策常常用来支持处于竞争激烈产业中的企业。× 战略性贸易政策常常包括对高技术企业的补贴和其他支持。 14、布雷顿森林体系要求成员国采取浮动汇率制度。× 布雷顿森林体系要求成员国采取以美元为中心的固定汇率制度。 15、货币分析法认为，国际收支赤字的根本原因是国内货币供给大于国内货币需求。√ 16、在金本位制下，一国的高利率和资本流入将有助于该国自动调整国际收支赤字。√ 17、一价定律认为关税不能影响进口产品价格。× 一价定律认为关税能影响进口产品价格。 18、如果德国的利率高于美国，则马克将在远期市场上贴水卖出。√ 19、从日本进口汽车应记入美国国际收支经常账户的贷方。× 从日本进口汽车应记入美国国际收支经常账户的借方。 20、若美国通货膨胀高于英国，美元相对于英磅贬值。√ 三、选择题 1、设一年前美元对人民币的汇率是1美元等于8.2345元人民币，假设美国的物价比前一年上升8%，而中国的物价水平上升10%，则美元与人民币之间理论上的汇率为( A ) A.8.3870 B.8.085 C.10.2931 D.6.5876 2、列昂惕夫反论包括以下解释，除了( B )。 A美国对劳动密集型进口产品征收高额关税 B美国实际上比其贸易伙伴拥有更多的劳动力 C美国的出口产品密集使用了熟练劳动力 D美国倾向于出口需要大量科学和工程技术投入的高技术产品 3．根据相对购买力平价理论，如果英国的通货膨胀率为10％，美国为4%，那么（ C ） A 美元相对于英镑升值4％ B美元相对于英镑贬值4％ C美元相对于英镑升值6％ D美元相对于英镑贬值6％ 4、不能解释产业内贸易现象的理论有（ C ） A. 垄断竞争理论 B. 规模经济理论
国际经济学作业答案第七章.docx
Ch a p t e r 7I n t e r n a t i o n a l F a c t o r Mo v e me n t s Multiple Choice Questions 1.Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework? (a)International trade in goods (b)International conflict resolution (c)International trade in services (d)International trade in factors of production (e)International borrowing and lending Answer: B 2.The slope of the production function measures (a)the physical increase in output as country grows. (b)the dollar-value increase in output as a country grows. (c)the increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds. (d)the marginal product of labor. (e)the marginal product of capital. Answer: D 3.International free labor mobility will under all circumstances (a)increase total world output. (b)improve the economic welfare of everyone. (c)improve the economic welfare of workers everywhere. (d)improve the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere. (e)None of the above. Answer: E 4.If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then (a)workers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country. (b)workers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country. (c)workers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital abundant country. (d)workers in the capital abundant country would wish to migrate to the labor abundant country. (e)workers in the capital abundant country would migrate to the labor abundant country. Answer: C
国际经济学习题及参考答案
国际经济学作业 一、名词解释 幼稚产业：所谓幼稚产业是指某一产业处于发展初期，基础和竞争力薄弱但经过适度保护能够发展成为具有潜在比较优势的新兴产业。 倾销：是指一国（地区）的生产商或出口商以低于其国内市场价格或低于成本价格将其商品抛售到另一国（地区）市场的行为。 提供曲线：也称相互需求曲线，是由马歇尔和艾奇沃斯提出的，它表明一个国家为了进口一定量的商品，必须向其他国家出口一定量的商品，因此提供曲线即对应某一进口量愿意提供的出口量的轨迹。两个国家的提供曲线的交汇点所决定的价格，就是国际商品交换价格（交换比率）。 国际收支：国际收支分为狭义的国际收支和广义的国际收支。狭义的国际收支指一个国家或地区与世界其他国家或地区之间由于贸易、非贸易和资本往来而引起的国际间资金收支流动的行为。包括两种具体形式:直接的货币收支和以货币表示的资产的转移。反映了以货币为媒介的国际间的债权、债务关系。广义的国际收支为系统记载的、在特定时期内(通常为一年)一个国家或经济体的居民与世界其他地方居民的全部各项经济交易，不仅包括外汇收支的国际借贷关系，还包括一定时期全部经济交易与往来。 二、简答题 试画出出口贫困化增长的图形并作出分析 答：出口贫困化增长，是指某国的传统出口产品的出口规模极大地增长，但结果不仅使该国的贸易条件严重恶化，而且该国的国民福利水平也出现下降，这种现象一般出现在发展中国家。
贸易条件变化前，该国生产均衡点为A，消费点为C；由于该国传统出口产品X 的出口规模极大增长，使得该国贸易条件恶化，此时，生产点变为A’，消费点变为C’。由图中的无差异曲线可以看出，该国贸易条件的变化使得它的福利水平低于增长前。这种情形就成为“出口贫困化增长”。 产生出口贫困化增长的原因主要有：（1）该国在该种出口产品的出口量中占到相当大的比重，这样，当其出口大幅度增加时，会导致世界市场上出现供大于求的情况，导致价格大幅下跌。（2）该种产品的需求国的需求弹性很低，当产品价格降低时，需求是并不会相应大幅增长。（3）该国经济结构十分单一，依赖该种产品的出口来促进经济的发展，因此在贸易条件恶化的时候也不能压缩出口，而是进一步扩大出口量从而保持一定的出口收入。 试说明国际贸易中要素密集度逆转的情况 答：这是解释列昂惕夫反论的观点之一，它认为，某种商品在资本丰富的国家属于资本密集型产品，而在劳动力相对丰富的国家则属于劳动密集型产品，如小麦在非洲是劳动密集生产过程的产品，而在美国则是资本密集型的产品，也就是大机器和高效化肥生产的产品。所以，同一种产品是劳动密集型产品还是资本密集型产品并没有绝对的界限。在国外属于劳动密集型的产品，也有可能在国内属于资本密集型的产品。 即如果两种要素在行业间的替代弹性差异很大，以至于两种等产量曲线相交两次，那么，可能产生生产要素密集度逆转的现象。即一种产品在A国是劳动密集型产品在B国是资本密集型产品。可能就无法根据H-O的模式预测贸易模式了。
东财《国际经济学》在线作业一
(单选题) 1: 孟代尔-弗莱明模型考察一国货币政策和财政政策效果时,假定 ( ) A: 资本完全不流动 B: 资本不完全流动 C: 资本完全流动 D: 上述说法都不对 正确答案: (单选题) 2: 将一国的通货膨胀因素考虑进汇率决定的理论是 ( ) A: 利率平价理论 B: 货币主义理论 C: 绝对购买力平价理论 D: 相对购买力平价理论 正确答案: (单选题) 3: 大国实施出口补贴之所以受损失更大,是因为 () A: 大国的实力不强 B: 大国的财政补贴太多 C: 大国的进口量太大 D: 大国会影响国际市场价格 正确答案: (单选题) 4: 对国际收支定义比较全面的理论是 ( ) A: 弹性分析法 B: 货币分析法 C: 吸收分析法 D: 资产组合分析法 正确答案: (单选题) 5: 价格-黄金调节机制针对的是 ( ) A: 布雷顿森林体系 B: 牙买加体系 C: 金本位制 D: 纸币制度 正确答案: (单选题) 6: 对小国而言,最优关税 () A: 是最高关税 B: 是零关税 C: 是禁止性关税 D: 介于零关税和禁止性关税之间 正确答案: (单选题) 7: 关税同盟理论的提出者是 () A: 李斯特 B: 弗农 C: 林德 D: 瓦伊纳 正确答案:
(单选题) 8: 对于大国征收关税的情况,下列说法正确的是 () A: 消费者可能从中获益 B: 生产者会有净损失 C: 政府会损失关税收入 D: 国家的净福利可能为正 正确答案: (单选题) 9: 能够从贸易创造效应中获得福利增加的是 ( ) A: 政府 B: 生产者 C: 出口商 D: 消费者 正确答案: (单选题) 10: 一国实施了鼓励出口的生产补贴之后 ( ) A: 消费者剩余减少 B: 生产者剩余增加 C: 消费者剩余增加 D: 生产者剩余减少 正确答案: (单选题) 11: 绝对优势理论是比较优势理论的一个特例,这种说法 () A: 错误 B: 正确 C: 要根据具体情况分析 D: 无法判断 正确答案: (单选题) 12: 一国的对外贸易政策,同整个世界的经济福利是一致的,这种说法 ( ) A: 正确 B: 不正确 C: 无法判断 正确答案: (单选题) 13: 根据哈罗德命题,如果A国工资的增长率小于人均产值的增长率,A国会出现( ) A: 出超倾向 B: 入超倾向 C: 平衡趋势 D: 无法判断 正确答案: (单选题) 14: 购买力平价理论的基础是 () A: 利率平价成立 B: 铸币平价成立 C: 一价定律成立 D: 汇兑心理说 正确答案:
国际经济学考试试题完美版,含答案.
全国2007年4月高等教育自学考试 国际经济学试题 课程代码00140 一、单项选择题25小题1分25分 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的 错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.从十五世纪初到十八世纪中叶A A.重商主义 B.重农主义 C.重金主义 D.货币主义 2.采取进口替代战略的国家不倾向使用的政策是D A.对进口关税设置壁垒 B.对非关税设置障碍 C.对外汇实行管制 D.对本国货币低估对外价值 3.相对技术差异论的提出者是B A.斯密 B.李嘉图 C.奥林 D.赫克歇尔 4.关税与贸易总协定进行了多轮多边贸易谈判C A.日内瓦回合 B.东京回合 C.乌拉圭回合 D.安纳西回合 5.世界贸易组织成立于C A.1993年 B.1994年 C.1995年 D.1996年 6.一般而言不属于外汇市场主要参与者的是D A.商业银行 B.中央银行 C.外贸公司 D.居民个人 7.国际收支平衡表中最重要的收支差额是D A.官方结算差额 B.商品贸易差额 C.基本收支差额 D.经常项目差额 8.国际收支调整的重要基础理论是C A.调整论 B.货币论 C.弹性论 D.平衡论 9.从总体上看 产品的需求弹性的绝对值将A A.大于1 B.小于1 C.等于1 D.不确定 10.在开放经济条件下c=0.6s=0.3 考虑政府的财政收入部分C A.10/9 B.5/3 C.5/2 D.10/3 11.下列属于非关税壁垒的措施是D A.反倾销税 B.反补贴税 C.进口附加税 D.国内最低限价 12.最佳关税来源于B A.进口国厂商 B.出口国厂商 C.第三国出口厂商 D.第三国进口厂商
西交《国际经济学》在线作业1答案
西交《国际经济学》在线作业 试卷总分:100 得分:0 一、单选题(共20 道试题,共40 分) 1.国际经济关系,即一国同其他国家的贸易和与贸易有关的()流动的活动及由此而产生的在一定的国际经济秩序条件下的利益分配关系 A.人口 B.自然 C.商品 D.生产要素 正确答案:D 2.国际金融理论部分,主要讨论世界货币——外汇及其汇率和汇率理论。与此相关还要分析()、国际储备和国际金融市场的有关理论和实践 A.国际收支 B.国际人才流动 C.国际交流 D.国际竞争 正确答案:A 3.()指出,与其他国家相比,美国资本拥有量相对丰富,按照赫—俄理论应该是资本密集型产品的出口国和劳动密集型产品的进口国。然而他运用投入产出方法,对美国经济统计资料进行验证的结果却与理论预测不同,被称为里昂惕夫之谜或里昂惕夫悖论 A.亚当?斯密 B.李嘉图 C.图灵 D.里昂惕夫 正确答案:D 4.从是否改变一国的生产结构,可将贸易利益区分为交换利益和() A.专业化利益 B.生产利益 C.国际交换利益 D.利益 正确答案:A 5.在古典贸易模型中,假设A国有120名劳动力,B国有50名劳动力,A国生产棉花的人均产量是2吨,B国也是2吨;A国生产大米的人均产量是10吨,B国则是16吨。哪国拥有生产大米的比较优势? A.A国 B.B国
C.A国和B国一样 D.无法比较 正确答案:B 6.产品生命周期是(productlifecycle)观念,简称PLC,是把一个产品的()历史比作象人的生命周期一样,要经历出生、成长、成熟、老化、死亡等阶段。就产品而言,也就是要经历一个开发、引进、成长、成熟、衰退的阶段 A.生产 B.研发 C.销售 D.售后 正确答案:C 7.利用本国货币对外()的机会,向外倾销商品和争夺市场的行为称为外汇倾销 A.贬值 B.保值 C.增值 D.倾销 正确答案:A 8.国际贸易通过一系列刺激效应和传递机制作用于经济部门,最终推动经济增长的动态机制。这种最终推动经济增长的贸易利益称为(),也称贸易间接利益 A.静态贸易利益 B.贸易直接利益 C.动态贸易利益 D.静止利益 正确答案:C 9.()是指期限为一年或一年以内的国际资本流动 A.短期资本流动 B.长期资本流动 C.国际资本流动 D.不定期资本流动 正确答案:A 10.只有()才能在总体上反映一国自主性交易的状况 A.经常项目 B.资本项目 C.贸易收支
国际经济学答案答案中文版
Home's PPF 200400600800200400600800 Q apple Q banana Foreign's PPF 200400600800100080160240320400 Q*apple Q*banana Chapter 2 1a.画出本国的生产可能性边界： b. 用香蕉衡量的苹果的机会成本是， 5.1=Lb La a a c ．劳动力的自由流动使两部门的工资率相等，自由竞争使得他们生产两种产品的机会成本相同。相对价格等于相对成本，后者可以表示为(*)/(*)a a b b w a w a ，由于两部门间的工资率相等，a b w w ∴=，只有在Lb La b a /a a /P P =，两种商品才都会被生产。所以 1.5 /P P b a = 2a. b. 3 a. a b b a /P P /D D =∵当市场达到均衡时, 1b a ) (D D -**=++=b a b b a a P P Q Q Q Q ∴RD 是一条双曲线 x y 1 =
b.苹果的均衡相对价格由RD 和RS 的交点决定: RD: y x 1 = RS: 5 ]5,5.1[5.1],5.0(5.0) 5.0,0[=∈=??? ??+∞∈=∈y y y x x x ∴x=0.5, y=2 ∴2/=b P a P e e c. ∵b a b e a e b a P P P P P P ///>>**∴只有两个国家的时候，本国专门生产苹果，出口苹果并进口香蕉：外国则正好相反。 d ． 国际贸易允许本国和外国在阴影区内任何一点消费，专门生产某种产品然后和另一个国家进行贸易的间接方式，要比直接生产该商品的方式更有效率。在没有贸易时，本国要生产3单位的香蕉必须放弃2单位的苹果，外国要生产1单位的苹果要放弃5单位的香蕉。贸易允许两国以两单位香蕉交换一单位苹果。通过出让2单位苹果，本国可以获得四单位的香蕉；而外国可以用2单位向交换得1单位苹果。所以两个国家都从贸易中获利。 4. RD: y x 1 = RS: 5 ]5,5.1[5 .1] ,1(1)1,0[=∈=?? ???+∞∈=∈y y y x x x →5.13 2==y x →5.1/=b P a P e e 在这种情况下，外国将专门生产并出口香蕉，进口苹果。但本国将同时生产香蕉和苹果，并且香蕉相对于苹果的机会成本在本国是相同的。所以本国既没有得益也没有受损，但外国从贸易中获益了。 5.在这种情况下，劳动力总量加倍了而劳动生产率减半，所以有效劳动力总量仍是相同的。答案类似于第三小题，两国都从贸易中获益了。但是，相对于第四小题，外国的获益减少了。 6.实际上，相对工资率由相应的劳动生产率和对产品的相对需求决定。韩国的低工资率反映了韩国大部分行业的劳动生产率比美国低。和低劳动生产率，低工资率的国家进行贸易可以提高像美国那样高劳动生产率国家的福利和生活水平。所以这种贫民劳动论是错误的。