文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 高中英语语法——情态动词总结(附带练习)

高中英语语法——情态动词总结(附带练习)

高中英语语法——情态动词总结(附带练习)
高中英语语法——情态动词总结(附带练习)

情态动词总结

I 情态动词的特征:

1.本身有词义。

2.不能独立作谓语。

2. 后接动词原形一起构成谓语。

3. 不随人称和数的变化。

II 情态动词各自的基本意义及用法:

II 情态动词表推测:

1.大多数情态动词(除表‘能力、许可、意志’外),都可以表示推测,其程度有差异。按可能性程度的高低排列为:must ﹥will ﹥would ﹥ought to ﹥should

完全肯定完全可能很可能

﹥can ﹥could﹥may ﹥might

可能有可能

2. 区分情态动词的否定含义:may not或许不、可能不might not可能不can’t 不可能《

mustn’t不许、禁止shouldn’t不应该needn’t 不必

3. 情态动词表推测具体运用:情态动词可以对现在、进行、过去推测。

III 情态动词表推测的反意疑问句

1.情态动词表推测的反意疑问句,简单来说,就是以情态动词后的时态为淮,如句子里有明确的时间状语,则以其为准。

2.以must 为例:

. 1. You must be hungry now, aren’t you

2. He must be watching TV , isn’t he

3 Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasn’t he

4. She must have arrived yesterday, didn’t she

注:如选择题中(以She must have arrived yesterday, didn’t she为例)既有didn’t she又有hasn’t she则以didn’t she为最佳答案。

IV 情态动词专项练习与解析一

( ) 1. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. may not

( ) 2. Where is my pen I _____ it.

A. might lose

B. would have lost

C. should have lost

D. must have lost

( ) 3. I wish I _____ you yesterday.

A. seen

B. did see

C. had seen

D. were to see

( ) 4. I didn’t hear the phone. I _____ asleep.

A. must be

B. must have been

C. should be

D. should have been

;

( ) 5. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.

A. had been; would have prevented

B. had been; would prevent

C. were; would prevent

D. were; would have prevented

( ) 6. He _____ you more help, even though he was very busy.

A. might have given

B. might have

C. may have given

D. may give

( ) 7. If it _____ for the snow, we _____ the mountain yesterday.

A. were not; could have climbed

B. were not; could climb

C. had not been; could have climbed

D. had not been; could climb

|

( ) 8. Without electricity human life _____ quite difficult today.

A. is

B. will be

C. would have been

D. would be

( ) 9. A computer _____ think for itself, it must be told what to do.

A. can’t

B. couldn’t

C. may not

D. might not

( ) 10. Jenny _____ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.

A. must

B. should

C. need

D. would

( )11. We _____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.

A. must have studied

B. might study

C. should have studied

D. would study

( ) 12. — Could I borrow your dictionary

— Yes, of course you _____.

A. might

B. will

C. can

D. should

( ) 13. Tom ought not to _____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.

A. have told

B. tell

C. be telling

D. having told

( ) 14. — If he _____, he _____ that food.

— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

;

A. was warned; would not take

B. had been warned; would not have taken

C. would be warned; had not taken

D. would have been warned; had not taken ( ) 15. Peter _____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t v ery sure yet.

A. must

B. may

C. can

D. will

( ) 16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her.

A. had to write it out

B. must have written it out

C. should have written it out

D. ought to write it out

( ) 17. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.¥

A. has come

B. did come

C. came

D. had come

( ) 18. — Shall I tell John about it

—No, you _____. I’ve told him already.

A. needn’t

B. wouldn’t

C. mustn’t

D. shouldn’t ( ) 19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____.

A. breaks

B. has broken

C. were broken

D. had been broken

( ) 20. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _____ be here at any moment.

&

A. must

B. need

C. should

D. can

( ) 21.— There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.

— It _____ a comfortable journey.

A. can’t be

B. shouldn’t be

C. mustn’t have been

D. couldn’t have been ( ) 22. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.

A. won’t; can’t

B. mustn’t; may

C. shouldn’t; must

D. can’t; shouldn’t ( ) 23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.

A. had to

B. would

C. could

D. was able to

( ) 24. — When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.

— They _____ be ready by 12:00.

A. can

B. should

C. might

D. need

( ) 25. — I stayed at a hotel while in New York.

— Oh, did you You _____ with Barbara.

A. could have stayed

B. could stay

C. would stay

D. must have stayed

( ) 26. — Will you stay for lunch

— Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me.

#

A. I mustn’t

B. I can’t

C. I needn’t

D. I won’t

( ) 27. — Are you coming to Jeff’s party

—I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.

A. must

B. would

C. should

D. might

( ) 28. — Write to me when you get home.

— _____.

A. I must

B. I should

C. I will

D. I can

( ) 29. I was really anxious about you, you _____ home without a word.

A. mustn’t leave

B. shouldn’t have left

C. couldn’t have left

D. needn’t leave

( ) 30. — Is John coming by train

— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.

A. must

B. can

C. need

D. may

专项练习(二)

1. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.

A. mustn’t have spoken

B. shouldn’t have spoken

C. needn’t have spoken

D. couldn’t have spoken

2. One ought _____ for what one hasn’t done.

A. not to be punished

B. to not be punished

C. to not punished

D. not be punished

3. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must ___ always ___ so much.

A. not; be smoking

B. not; have smoked

C. not; to smoke

D. be not; smoking

4. With so much work on hand, you _____ to see the game last night.

A. mustn’t go

B. shouldn’t go

C. couldn’t have gone

D. shouldn’t have gone

5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it ______ better organized.

A. had been

B. had to be

C. must have been

D. could have been

6. I’m surprised that he _____ in the exam.

A. should fail

B. would have failed

C. may have failed

D. should have failed

7. The little girl _____ there alone.

A. not dare go

B. dares not go

C. dare not go

D. dare not to go

8. “Must we do it now” “No, you _____.”

A. won’t

B. needn’t

C. can’t

D. don’t

9. He said he would rather not _____ it right now.

A. doing

B. to do

C. do

D. to be doing

10. You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.

A. needn’t to come

B. don’t need come

C. don’t need coming

D. needn’t come

11. Put on more clothes. You _____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.

A. can

B. could

C. would

D. must

12. I _____ play football than baseball.

A. would rather

B. had better

C. like better

D. prefer

13. I thought you _____ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.

A. may

B. might

C. could

D. must

14. There was plenty of times. She _____.

A. mustn’t have hurried

B. couldn’t have hurried

C. must not hurry

D. needn’t have hurried

15. The plant is dead. I _____ it more water.

A. will give

B. would have given

C. must give

D. should have given

16. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. may not

17. It’s still early, you _____.

A. mustn’t hurry

B. wouldn’t hurry

C. may not hurry

D. don’t have to hurry

18. Please open the window, _____?

A. can’t you

B. aren’t you

C. do you

D. will you

19. We _____ for her because she never came.

A. mustn’t have waited

B. shouldn’t have waited

C. mustn’t wait

D. needn’t wait

20. — May I stop here — No, you _____.

A. mustn’t

B. might not

C. needn’t

D. won’t

21. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, _____.

A. won’t we

B. will we

C. don’t we

D. shall we

22. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.

A. mustn’t have spoken

B. shouldn’t have spoken

C. needn’t have spoken

D. couldn’t have spoken

23. — Please don’t make a noise. — _____. I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.

A. Yes, I won’t

B. No, I won’t

C. No, I will

D. Yes, I will

24. The young man has made so much noise that he _____ not have been allowed to attend the concert.

A. could

B. must

C. would

D. should

25. — Where is John — He _____ in the library.

A. should be

B. must be

C. can be

D. must have been

26. Since the road is wet this morning, _____ last night.

A. it must rain

B. it must be raining

C. it must have rained

D. it must have been rain

27. — Will your brother stay home tonight?

— I’m not quite sure. He _____ to the cinema tonight.

A. must go

B. can go

C. may go

D. may be going

28. She’s already two hours late. What ______ to her?

A. can have happened

B. may have happened

C. should have happened

D. must happen

29. You must be a writer, _____?

A. mustn’t you

B. are you

C. must you

D. aren’t you

30. I got up early that morning, but I _____ so because I had no work to do.

A. mustn’t have done

B. didn’t need to do

C. needn’t have done

D. can’t have done

31. He _____ have come here yesterday, but he didn’t.

A. could

B. should

C. ought to

D. all the above

32. I missed the last bus, so I _____ go home on foot.

A. must

B. have to

C. may

D. had to

33. He ought to win the first prize, _____ he?

A. oughtn’t

B. shouldn’t

C. mustn’t

D. both A and B

34. Everyone _____ do his best for the modernizations of our country.

A. can

B. may

C. should

D. might

35. Let’s clean our classroom, _____?

A. will you

B. don’t we

C. shall we

D. do you

36. Let us play basketball, ______?

A. will you

B. don’t we

C. shall we

D. do you

37. He asked me for this book many times. Please tell him that he _____ have it tomorrow.

A. must

B. may

C. shall

D. both B and C

38. “Your phone number again I _____ quite catch it.” “It’s 9568442.”

A. didn’t

B. couldn’t

C. don’t

D. can’t

39. Mother _____ us stories when we were children.

A. was used to tell

B. is used to telling

C. used to tell

D. used to telling

40. She would rather _____ more money on books _____ on clothes.

A. cost … not

B. to spare … don’t

C. pay … than

D. spend … than

专项练习(三)

1. — Has Li Lin started He said he would join in the party.

— He ______. He is a man of keeping his word.

A. could have left

B. must have left

C. can’t come

D. won’t be coming

2. — May I park my car here— No, you ______. No car is allowed to park here.

A. may not

B. needn’t

C. mustn’t

D. daren’t

3. — Excuse me, could you tell me where the Yajia Supermarket is?

—It’s two blocks straight ahead. You ______ miss it.

A. mustn’t

B. can’t

C. needn’t

D. shouldn’t

4. — I saw Mr. Sun at Tongyu Station this morning.

—You ______. He’s still on holiday in Hawaii.

A. couldn’t have

B. mustn’t have

C. shouldn’t

D. needn’t

5. — How about paying a visit to Dr. Wang, our former Chinese teacher?

— Good idea. I will e-mail him today so that he ______ know ______ to expect us.

A. shall; why

B. could; when

C. would; what

D. will; how

6. Everything has two sides. Beautiful songs, sometimes, ______ be just noise to others.

A. must

B. may

C. should

D. could

7. Someone ______ my umbrella. I found it wet yesterday.

A. must be using

B. must have used

C. must use

D. must have been using

8. — How dangerous it was!— Yes, but for the passer-by’s quick action, the girl ______.

A. was drowned

B. could have been drowned

C. had drowned

D. should be drowned

9. You ______ scold such a pupil who always keeps silent so seriously that you ______ hurt him.

A. should; can

B. may; will

C. mustn’t; may

D. can’t; must

10. — Why does Alice know so much about Angkor Wat— She ______ have been there, or ...

A. must

B. oughtn’t to

C. may

D. can’t

11. —You may laugh, but I’ve been thinking of becoming a vegetarian.— Oh, you ______ be crazy. You will be hungry all the time.

A. must

B. may

C. will

D. need

12. —What’s the matter with you?

—Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried fish just now.

A. shouldn’t eat

B. mustn’t have eaten

C. shouldn’t have eaten

D. mustn’t eat

13. — ______ he have been chosen as captain of the football team— Yes, he ______.

A. Can; must have

B. Must; must have

C. Can; must

D. Must; must

14. Mr. Zhang ______ in Shanghai tomorrow morning.

A. can have arrived

B. will have arrived

C. may have arrived

D. must have arrived

15. Miss Wang started at 8 o’clock, and she ______ be there now.

A. should

B. can

C. can’t

D. need

16. — It must be Mr. Li who did it. — No, it ______ be Mr. Li.

A. mustn’t

B. wouldn’t

C. can’t

D. may

:

17. You ______ finish reading the book as soon as possible.

A. may

B. can

C. need

D. should

18. — Need you go to work now — Yes, I ______.

A. must

B. need

C. can

D. dare

19. Your trousers are dirty. ______ them for you?

A. Shall I wash

B. Will I wash

C. Am I going to wash

D. Am I washing

情态动词专项练习与解析一

【练习解析】

1.C 从原题中You can keep it till next week if you like这一信息句可知,“你不必现在还”。

2.D 从原题中Where is my pen这一信息句可告诉考生,“笔丢了”,丢的动作是过去发生的。因此用must + have done表示对过去事实的肯定猜测。

3.C 原题中的yesterday这一信息词告诉考生,在wish后的宾语从句中,用过去完成时,表示与过去事实相反的愿望。

4.B 从原题中的I didn’t hear the phone.这一信息可以判断出,用must have done表示过去事实的准确的肯定猜测。

5.A 从原题中last Saturday这一信息词可知,条件句中用表示与过去事实相反的过去完成时,主句用would + have done。

6.A might have + 过去分词,在次是虚拟语气,表示“本来可以给你更多的帮助”,而事实则是帮助较少。7.C 从原题中的yesterday这一信息词暗示考生,该句应选用与过去事实相反的过去完成时,If it had not been for …“要不是因为……”。

8.D 原题中的Without electricity相当于一个条件句:If there were no electricity,故主句用human life would be quite difficult today.

9.A can可以表示一种客观上的能力,本句can’t,表示“不能,不会”。

10.B 从原题总的“I wonder why she changed her mind”“我不知道为何他改变了主意了。”这句话告诉考生Janny没有守诺言。因此,用should + have done,表示“过去本应该做某事,而实际上没有做”。11.C 可参看10题。意思是:“昨晚本应该学习,但是却去听音乐会了。”

12.C 原题中的could不是过去时,而表示一种委婉、客气的礼貌用语。因此用could提问时,用can回答。同样用would,might提问,用will和may回答。[注意]①—Would you rather do such a thing —Yes,

I would.

②—Would you like some tea —Yes, I would.

这两个对话中的would rather,would like是惯用法,故不能用will来回答。因为在这两个句型中,will不能去替换would。

13.A 可参看10、15题。该句意思是:“汤姆本来不该告诉我你的秘密,但他没有伤害你的意思。”ought not to have done = shouldn’t have done

14.B 从答语中的Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately这一信息句可提示考生,条件句应填表示与过去事实相反的时态。

15.B 从原题中的but he isn’t very sure yet这一信息句可暗示考生,Peter当晚来的可能性不大。A是“准来,肯定来”,D是“将要来”。

16.C 可参看10、11、13题。“本应该”而事实上没有……

17.D 从原题中I didn’t see your sister at the meeting和后文she would have met my brother这两个信息句可知,if条件句中应填与过去事实相反的过去完成时。可参看6、7、14题。

18.A 你不必告诉他。因为I’ve told him already这一信息句已暗示考生了。

19.C 当as if引导虚拟语气的句子是,如果主句与从句中的谓语词所表达的动作同时发生时,as if后接一般过去时。例如:He walked as if he were lame.如果从句中的谓语动作发生个在主句谓语动作之前,则用过去完成时。例如:He talked as if he had known the secret.不论主句中的谓语是现在时还是过去时。20.C 只要考生抓住nearly一词和后文at any moment(随时的意思)这两个信息词语,就能很快选出C 项,表示逻辑推测,意思是“快七点钟了,杰克一会儿就该到了。”

21.D 根据句意,是对过去情况的推测。“当时决不可能是一次舒服的乘车。”must表示对过去的推测只能用于肯定句。

22.B mustn’t表示“禁止”;may表示“有可能”。句子的意思是:“你不可以玩刀,可能会伤你自己。”23.D 该题在考考生could与was able to之间的区别。Was able to表示在困难的情况下,经过一番周折而“能……”,并且成功地做了。

24.B 该题考查情态动词should表推测的用法。Can和might都可以表示可能性,用might则语气更加不肯定。Need表示“需要”、“必需”。Should可以表示推测,结合实际,合乎逻辑,意为“应当”、“该”。根据第一个说话者说的I need them tomorrow afternoon的语境,可以确定正确答案为B。

25.A 该题在考查“情态动词+不定式的完成式”的用法,从会话的语境看,空白处应填“could + have +过去分词”表示过去本来能做到的事而事实上没有做到。

26.B 该题考查表示请求的英语口语,用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构,是表达一种意愿和请求,是以疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气,意思是“请你……,好吗”,对于这种问句的肯定答语可用Sure! Certainly! Yes, of course. I’d be glad to等;否定回答通常是I’m sorry, I can’t. No, I’m afraid I can’t. I’m sorry, but …I ‘d like to, but …等。

27.D might表示“可能性”。

28.C 意思是“我会的”。对祈使句的肯定回答。

29.B shouldn’t have done为本来不该做某事,而事实上做了。

30.D 用may not可表示“可能不”。而can not则表示断然的否定推测“不可能”。A,C意思不符。

专项练习二答案与解析

1. D. must表示推测时不用于否定句;shouldn’t have done sth. 表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”;needn’t have done sth. 表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”;couldn’t have done sth. 表示“不可能做过某事”。根据题意,选D。

2. A. 情态动词ought 后要接带to的不定式,ought to do 的否定式是ought not to do,所以答案是A。

3. A. must not always be doing sth. 表示“不要老是做谋事”,含有埋怨、指责、反感等感情色彩。

4. D. 题中的A项和B项都指现在情况;couldn’t have gone表示“不可能去过”;shouldn’t have gone表示“本不应该去而实际上去了”。根据题意,选D。

5. D. could have done sth. 表示“本来能够做某事而实际上未能做成”。

6. D. should可用于表示惊奇、感叹、不满等感情色彩的句子,如指过去的动作,则要用should have done sth.

Would 和may通常不带感情色彩。

7. C. 题中的dare是情态动词,后接不带to的不定式,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。

8. B. must开头的疑问句,否定答语用needn’t或don’t have to。

9. C. would rather通常也视为情态动词(组),后接动词原形,其否定形式为would rather not。

10. D. need作为情态动词,其否定形式为needn’t;作实义动词时,其否定形式为don’t (doesn’t) need to do。

11. D. must用在肯定句中表推测时,语气比could, would等肯定得多。此处“must + 不定式进行式”表“想必正在……”之意。

12. A. would rather … than …,意为“宁愿(做)……而不(做)……”。

13. B. 由句意可知,这是对过去发生的事情不太有把握的推测。

14. D. needn’t have done意为“过去不必做而做了某事”。

15. D. should have done表示“过去应该做而没有做某事”。

16. C. can’t(不能),mustn’t(不准),may not(不可以),均不合题意。

17. D. don’t have to = needn’t

18. D. will用在第二人称的疑问句中,为询问(或征求)对方的意愿或向对方提出请求之意。

19. B. should not have done表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”,含有“后悔”、“责备”、“劝告”,“批评”之意。

20. A. may开头的疑问句,否定答语常用mustn’t。

21. D. 疑问句中shall用于第一、三人称,用来征询对方的意见。

22. D. 推测“她不可能在会上发言”,must表示推测时,不能用于否定句中。

23. B. will在此处表示“意志(向)”。

24. D. should not have done表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”,含有“后悔”、“责备”、“劝告”,“批评”之意。

25. B. must do表示对现在的事实进行推测。

26. C. must have done用于对过去发生的事情进行推测,且较有把握。

27. C. 表示推测时,must比may语气肯定。

28. A. can表推测,只用于否定句和疑问句中。

29. D. must表示推测时,其后的反意问句有两种情况:①对现存状态(现在的事实)进行推测时,反意疑问句中动词用其一般现在形式。②对过去发生的事情进行推测时,若有表过去的时间状语,反意问句用动词的过去式。

30. C. needn’t have done表示“过去不必做而做了某事”,若表示“不必做某事(且实际上未做)“则用”didn’t / don’t / doesn’t need to.”

31. D. A表示“本能够”,B, C表“本应该”。

32. D. have to表示客观上要求做某事,must表示主观上认为必须做某事。

33. D. ought to的反意问句应用oughtn’t或shouldn’t开头。

34. C. should 含“按理应该做……”、“有义务做……”之意。

35. C. Let’s 中的us一般包括对方在内。

36. A. Let us中的us一般不包括对方在内。

37. D. may和shall均可表“允诺”。

38. A. 由句后得知句意为“我开始没听清楚对方的电话号码”,为对过去的事实或发生动作的表述。

39. C. used to do“过去(常)做某事”,be used to doing“习惯于做某事”。

40. D. would rather后接动词原形。Spend … on sth.为常用结构。

专项练习三答案及解析:

1. B。从He is a man of keeping his word中可以看出,李林肯定已经出发来参加聚会了,这是对已经发生的

事情非常肯定的推测,故用must have done。注意must表推测时,不能用于否定句和疑问句中。

2. C。此题考查以情态动词提问的一般疑问句的回答。在英语中,以某些情态动词提问的句子,出于礼貌委婉或句意的需要,回答时,要换用另一个情态动词。在回答must开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to;在回答may开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用may,否定回答用mustn’t;在回答need开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。

3. B。根据题意,此处需要表示“推测”的否定结构,故can’t为正确答案。

4. A。这是一个省略句,couldn’t have done表示对过去发生的动作的否定推测,意为“不可能……”。

5. B。这是一个综合题。本题so that后的目的状语从句中的谓语动词要用“情态动词(may / might / can / could )+ 动词原形”。When to expect us表示“我们什么时候可到达”。“疑问词+不定式”结构在句中作know 的宾语。

6. B。由sometimes可知,此处应用表示可能性不大的情态动词,即may。

7. B。由后句可知,这是对过去发生的事情的肯定推测,故B项正确。

8. B。but for的意思是“要不是”,语法功能上等同于if 引导的否定虚拟条件句,因前句中How dangerous it was可知应与过去事实相反。

9. C。mustn’t表示“不准许”,may表示可能性,所以C正确。

10. C。句意:她或许到过那里,或者……。or ... 是重要的信息,说明还有其他的可能性。A的说法太绝对,与or ... 提供的信息冲突。

11. A。must表示的把握最大,may表示有可能,need不表示推测,will表示将来。根据句意可知A正确,表明对对方的不理解和责备,语气比较坚决。

12. C。shouldn’t have done 表示“本不该做……,但实际上却做了”。

13. A。疑问句中可以用can, 肯定句用must。

14. B。will + have done,表示对将来必然进程的猜测。

15. A。should 表示主观性猜测,译为“应该”。16. C。can’t 表示否定的猜测,侧重于主观判断,译为“决不会;不可能”。

17. D。should表示劝告某人应该做某事。

18. A。need引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答应用must。

19. A。Shall I ... 是征求对方意见时常用的句型。

高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结

高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第01章名词性从句 第02章“It”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第08章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第11章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与it引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i t引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom、例如: a) It isapitythatyoudidn’t go to seethefilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesn’tinterest me whetheryou succeed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Itisin themorning thatthe murder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) It is John that broke thewindow。就是John打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用it 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词+从句 It is afact that…事实就是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It iscommon knowledge that …就是常识 (2)It is + 形容词+从句 It is natural that…很自然… It isstrange that…奇怪得就是…(3) It is+不及物动词+ 从句 Itseems that…似乎… It happenedthat…碰巧… Itappears that…似乎…

高中英语语法大全

(1)表语从句 1.定义:用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2.构成:关联词+简单句 3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类: (1) 从属连词that。如: The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如: He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但as if却可引导表语从句,如: All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如: It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如:The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释: 1.连词because可引导表语从句。如: I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示,should可省略。如: My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。(2)主语从句 1.定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2.构成:关联词+简单句 3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类: (1) 从属连词that。如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如: Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如: What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释: 1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有: A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如: It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that

高中英语语法最重要知识汇总

按:本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分,保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型) 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is +形容词+从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It +过去分词+从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况: (1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2)It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (3)It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达:Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: ; 正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如:

《高中英语语法汇总》

《高中英语语法大全》(word下载版) 本文件内容丰富,讲解详细,层次分明,重点突出,包括高中英语中非常详尽的知识点、易错点、易混点、常考点等,是高中学生和老师非常实用而而且管用语法大全。适合不同层次的高中学生使用。 《高中英语语法大全》第01章名词 一、概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词,如boy 男孩,mother 母亲,news 消息,progress 进步,computer 计算机,Tom 汤姆,Paris 巴黎,Japan 日本,furniture 家具,等。 名词根据其词汇意义,通常分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称,专有名词的第一个字母通常大写,如Mary 玛丽,Mr Green 格林先生,Beijing 北京,等;普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。根据普通名词的语法性质,它又可以细为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类:个体名词表示人或物的个体,如girl 女孩,pen 钢笔,等;物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物,如wood 木头,meat 肉,等;集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体,如:family 家庭,crowd 人群,等;抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念,如work 工作,happiness 幸福,等。 二、名词的数 1.名词复数的构成方法 (1)在一般情况下,加词尾 -s: book / books 书 pen / pens 钢笔 face / faces 脸 (2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词,通常加词尾 -es: bus / buses 公共汽车 box / boxes 盒子 dish / dishes 盘子 注:有些以 ch 结尾的名词,由于其发音不是 [k] 而是 [tf],那么其复数形式应加词尾–s,如stomach / stomachs 胃。 (3)以y 结尾的名词,其复数构成要分两种情况:以―辅音字母+y‖结尾的名词,将 y 改为 ies;以―元音字母+y‖结尾的名词,直接加词尾s: city / cities 城市 boy / boys 男孩 key / keys 钥匙

高中英语语法总结大全-形容词和副词

高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。 (错)He is an ill man. (对)The man is ill. (错)She is an afraid girl. (对)The girl is afraid. 这类词还有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。 3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如: something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。 改错:(错)She sang lovely. (错)He spoke to me very friendly. (对)Her singing was lovely. (对)He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。 daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 用形容词表示类别和整体 1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。 the British,the English,the French,the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为: 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building

(完整版)人教版高中英语必修一语法知识点总结

人教版必修一各单元知识点总结 Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历,经受get through 通过;完成;接通电话 2. set down 记下,放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚,黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加(某个活动);take part in 参加(活动) join 加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员) 10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多(后接不可数n.)much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念:直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。 间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。 例:Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则 (一)陈述句的变化规则 直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that(可省略)引导,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。 人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思 例:1. He said, “ I like it very much.”→He said that he liked it very much. 2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.” →He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化

《高中英语语法汇总》最全、最实用

《高中英语语法大全》 本文件内容丰富,讲解详细,层次分明,重点突出,包括高中英语中非常详尽的知识点、易错点、易混点、常考点等,是高中学生和老师非常实用而而且管用语法大全。适合不同层次的高中学生使用。 《高中英语语法大全》第01章名词 一、概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词,如boy 男孩,mother 母亲,news 消息,progress 进步,computer 计算机,Tom 汤姆,Paris 巴黎,Japan 日本,furniture 家具,等。 名词根据其词汇意义,通常分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称,专有名词的第一个字母通常大写,如Mary 玛丽,Mr Green 格林先生,Beijing 北京,等;普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。根据普通名词的语法性质,它又可以细为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类:个体名词表示人或物的个体,如girl 女孩,pen 钢笔,等;物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物,如wood 木头,meat 肉,等;集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体,如:family 家庭,crowd 人群,等;抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念,如work 工作,happiness 幸福,等。 二、名词的数 1.名词复数的构成方法 (1)在一般情况下,加词尾 -s: book / books 书 pen / pens 钢笔 face / faces 脸 (2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词,通常加词尾 -es: bus / buses 公共汽车 box / boxes 盒子 dish / dishes 盘子 注:有些以 ch 结尾的名词,由于其发音不是 [k] 而是 [tf],那么其复数形式应加词尾–s,如stomach / stomachs 胃。 (3)以y 结尾的名词,其复数构成要分两种情况:以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将 y 改为 ies;以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加词尾s: city / cities 城市 boy / boys 男孩 key / keys 钥匙

新课标高一英语语法归纳总结

高一英语语法归纳总结----定语从句的归纳 一.几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。 4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。 ﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why 5.引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能(作用): ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。7.定语从句的类型: ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter. =I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。例如: The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children, two of whom are abroad. (比较:He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)

精选高中英语语法归纳总结

高中英语语法总结 第一章主谓一致 (一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项: 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数. 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。 2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福. When we’ll go o ut for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。 4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数. Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳. No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球. More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到 More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。 8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词”等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table.

高中英语语法大全总结

英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。 如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或 代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如: Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。 通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我 的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词

高中英语语法大全(新版)

英语语法大全 第一部分:词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如:I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如: He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?) 3、构词法:英语构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法: (1)派生名词:①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如: inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词:①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词:①形容词+ly ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible

完整高中英语语法最重要知识汇总

个人整理切勿外传 按:本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分,保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: a) It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型) 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is +形容词+从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… (3) It is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It +过去分词+从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况: (1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2)It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (3)It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (4)It doesn't matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 正确表达:It doesn't matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达:Whether he is wrong or not doesn't matter. (5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: 正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

2020年高中英语语法归纳总结

高中英语语法归纳总结 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。

b) It doesn’t interest me whether you sueed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型) 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that ? 事实是? It is an honor that ?非常荣幸 It is mon knowledge that ?是常识 (2) It is +形容词+从句 It is natural that?很自然?

高中英语语法归纳总结 有哪些重要的语法

高中英语语法归纳总结有哪些重要的语法 高中英语有哪些重要的语法呢,学好语法是提升英语成绩的关键,下面 小编为大家提供高中英语语法总结,仅供大家参考。 ? ?高中英语中常用的介词表示时间的at, in,on ?(1)at:表示片刻的时间,at 8 o'clock,at midnight, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year 等。 ?(2)in:表示一段的时间,如in the morning, in the afternoon, in October,in the past等。 ?(3)on:总是跟日子有关,on Sunday, on Christmas morning,等。 ?表示时间的since 和from: ?(1)since 表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用. ?(2)from 表示从时间的某一点开始,不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。 ?如:I hope to do morning exercises from today.我希望从今天开始每天做早操。 ?表示时间的in 和after: ?两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后,区别在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后” ,而after 则表示“在(某一具体时间点之后),in 短语和将来时态连用,after 短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。 ?如:We'll leave in three days.我们3天内会离开。 ?After two months he returned.2个月之后他回来了。 ?表示“穿过……”的through 和across:through 表示从内部通过,与in 有

高中英语语法大全(20201124171228)

高中英语语法大全 一、词类和句子成分 1、词类:英语词类十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词 (n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如: 2、代词 (pron.) :主要用来代替名词。如: 3、形容词 (adj..) :表示人或事物的性质或特征。如: 4、数词 (num.) :表示数目或事物的顺序。如: 5、动词 (v.):表示动作或状态。如: 6、副词 (adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如: 7、冠词 (art..):用在名词前 ,帮助说明名词。如: 8、介词 (prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如 9、连词 (conj.) :用来连接词、短语或句子。如 10、感叹词 (interj..) 表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如: ※英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。 人称代词:人称代词代替人和事物的名称主格I you he ,分为主格和宾格两种形式。 she it we you they 宾格me you him her it us you them 物主代词:说明事物所属关系的代词形容词性my your ,分为形容词性和名词性两种。 his her its our your their 名词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词:表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。是一种表示反射或强调的代词。 第一人第二人第三人称单数第一人称第二人称 第三人称复数称单数称单数男女物体复数复数 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 2、句子成分:8 种:主谓宾、定状补、表语和同位语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I ’ m Sarah. 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做 (什么 )”。主要由动词担任。如: Jack cleans the room everyday. 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语身份或特征。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:She is beautiful. 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word. 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物 ,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。如:He wrote me a letter. 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词担任。如: Shanghai is a big city. 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,说明时间,地点、原因,状态等通常由副词或介词短语担任。 如: He is standing in the classroom. 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面 ,进一步说明它的情况。如:Ma Yun, a great businessman, created Taobao Company. 二、简单句 1、简单句的特点:简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语 )和一个谓语 (或并列谓语 )构成。 简单句五大句型 1)主谓: -I sleep. -In youth, we learn. 2)主谓宾: -Ilovebooks. 3)主谓 +双宾: - Mary give me an apple. -直接宾语是指与谓语动词直接发生联系的名词通常是物 -间接宾语是动作所指向的方向通常是人 give sb sth (sb 是间宾sth 是直宾 )=give sth to sb cook sb sth (sb 是间宾sth 是直宾 )=cook sth for sb 4)主+谓 +宾 +宾补 -I found the book easy. -He makes me cry.

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档