gre阅读真题的翻译和解析

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1.一种曾在19世纪造成白马铃薯饥荒的真菌的新的更有侵略性的类型在最近出现。然而由于这种真菌可以被加大用量的杀菌剂杀死，因而这种真菌不会带来对那些依赖于马铃薯为食物的国家造成大面积的食物短缺。

问题：下面哪一个会给文中的结论带来疑问?

A.尽管马铃薯是世界上很多地方的主要农作物，在大多数国家人们首要的还是以小麦或者大米为食。

B.在新型真菌扩散的大多数国家农民不能增加他们在杀菌剂上的花费。

C.这种新的真菌是在被感染的马铃薯从一个马铃薯主要出口国出口过来之后开始传播的

D.在大多数国家马铃薯农除了使用杀死这种新型真菌的杀菌剂外还使用了几种杀虫剂

E.大多数政府留出了可以减轻类似于食物短缺和洪灾之类的大规模灾害的影响的资金。

答案选B，毋庸置疑。

2.作为机关，面临着预算困难，减少科学研究的支持，更大数量的类似研究是由私人基金会支持的。这种转变意味着会带来有争议的科学研究项目会在所有的支持的研究项目中占更少的部分，因为私人基金会考虑到自己的公共形象而趋向于避免争议。

问题：下面哪一个是上面的假设?

A.只有那些不会有可能带来争议顾虑而进行的研究会产生科学上有效的结果。

B.支持科学研究项目的私人基金会意识到项目可能的争议是不可总避免的。

C.有私人基金会支持的项目科学家不同意支持机构在他们做研究时影响他们的做法。

D.许多的政府机构比私人基金会更在意自己的公共形象。

E.政府机构比私人机构更愿意支持会产生争议的科研项目。

答案选E，A无关，B相反，C也相反，D也是。

3.刑事审判陪审团不会依据任何目击者没有证实的证词做出裁决，这样很对，因为对任何人做出的未经证实的说法保持高度的怀疑是谨慎的。但是为做到始终如一，陪审团应该终止一种太寻常的行为：在未经证实的供认基础上对被告指控有罪。

问题：下面哪一个加强了上面的结论?

A.陪审团经常在那些被告收回在审讯之前做的所有供认的案子中宣判无罪。

B.陪审团选举的过程中会去掉那些在审讯之前就对被告的犯罪有坚定的观点的人。

C.被告人在他们的确做了他们被指控的行为时会完全供认，并且相信检察官有了这方面的有说服力的证据。

D.一些高度容易受影响的被指控做错事的人有时对他们过去的行为如此的不确定以至于他们会接受对他们不利的指控。

E.许多人认为陪审团不能判没有完全供认的被告有罪。

文中的结论是不能在未经证实的供词基础上做出判决，因而必须的前提就是这些证词是未加证实的，选项中A是结论的重复，不能算是假设。B是无关信息，C是削弱了结论，D就是对的，E也是一个平行结论。答案选D

4.尽管菠菜含有丰富的钙，但它也含有大量的一种叫做草酸的能够严重阻碍身体吸收钙的物质。因此，一个要想获得足够的钙，其他的含钙食物必须替代菠菜或者和菠菜一起被食用。

问题：下面哪一个削弱了文中的观点?

A.不含有钙的大米会中和掉草酸对钙吸收的影响。

B.比菠菜含钙量更大的乳制品也被吃菠菜的人经常食用。

C.钙和草酸在菠菜被炒的时候都没有被破坏。

D.除了菠菜很多含钙量多的绿叶蔬菜也含有大量的草酸。

E.除了钙，草酸对人体吸收其他的营养几乎没有影响。

要削弱结论，那么必然有使人们可以不吃额外的或者吃其他的含钙食物的选项，A明显可以，BCDE都不行。

5.J：三年前交通委员会改造了我们镇最繁忙的十字路口，使得有了更远的可见距离，减少了我们这儿的交通事故。

G：过去三年中，那个十字路口发生的交通事故并没减少反而更多，因此这个改造措施增加了发生事故的可能性。

下面的哪一个问题的答案对评价G的观点有很大作用?

A.在采取改造措施之前发生的交通事故中占整个镇多少比例的司机遭受了伤害?

B.在执行改造措施时交通委员会平均多长时间举行一次会议?

C.这个镇的大多数居民是否赞同交通委员会的全部表现。

E.在过去三年在这个镇最繁忙的十字路口的交通量发生的了怎样的变化?

这个题很明显选E

6.女性占了这个国家人口的大部分，许多医生开的镇定剂的处方都是为女性患者，但这种要测试效果和推荐用量时都是在男性身上做的，测试毒性的动物也没有雌性。

问题：上面的陈述如果是真的，最支持下面的哪一个结论?

A.一些镇定剂开给女性使用比男性更合适。

B.在女性中没有出现因这种镇定剂带来的副作用。

C.镇定剂在一些医生对自己的诊断没有信心的时候被用到病人身上。

D.同一种药对女性的毒性和男性不一样。

E.推荐的用量对女性来说是否最佳还不知道。

这题选E，其他的都无从知道。

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