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新标准大学英语视听说4课本原文

Unit 1

Outsideview

Conversation 1

Li:What a wonderful view! This is such a great city!Do you ever get tired of living in London, Andy?

A;"When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life, for there is in London all that life can afford" Li:That's a quotation by Samuel Johnson, isn't it?

A:Correct,so do you have any plans when you finish at Oxford?

Li: I've got another year to go and then I suppose I'll go back home.

A; And you will find a job?

Li:I think I have to do my Master's before I look for work.But I must admit London is very special.Do you think you would ever leave London?

A:Sure, I'd love to come to china one day, and I like traveling. But i think I'll always come back here.

Li:Well, your roots are here and there are so many opportunities.

A;But have you ever thought of living in London for a year or two?

Li:Yes, but what could I do here? I had planned to become a teacher.But i have often thought if there was a job i could do here in publishing,maybe as an editor, I'll go for it.

A:That's sounds like a great idea.I think that would really suit you

Li:Maybe I should update my CV and send it to one or two publisher.

A:Don't make it look too good

Li:Why not?

A;Well,if you enjoy working with London Time Off, we don't want you working with anyone else Li:Oh, working with you and Joe it's great fun and really interesting. I couldn't think of a better way to find out about a city

A;So maybe you should think about applying for a job with us

Li:But do you think I'd stand a chance(有可能，有希望)?I mean, I'm not sure if Joe likes me

A:Don't even think about it!Joe is very straight talking and I promise you that you'd know if he didn't like you.

Li:Perhaps we should both update our CVs and look for jobs together

A:Hey,right!That would be fun.

Conversation 2

Li:Talking about future plans,how do you see your career developing?

A:My career?Well, I like working for London Time Off.It's a part of a larger media company called Lift off USA,so there are lots of opportunities.But...

Li:But...What?

A:It's not always very easy working with Joe.I mean,I kind of think he has a different agenda （different way of thinking from Andy不一样的想法）.I like his work, but sometimes I don't think his heart is in his job.

Li:How did he end up in London?

A:He did media studies in the States,and then found work as a gofer（杂工）at Lift off USA in

New York.

Li:What's a gofer?

A:Go for this,go for that.It's a word for the least experienced person in the film and TV industry.Then he came to London and got a proper job as a researcher at Lift off UK,and then after a few years he got the producer's job in London Time Off

Li:He is good at his job,isn't he?

A:Yes,he is confident and competent at what he does,so the people who work with him rate him quite highly（speak highly of）.

Li:Except you?

A:No,I rate him too.And I get on with him quite well,although we are not best budies or anything like that,it's just...I want his job!

Li:Now we know your little secret.I promise I won't tell anyone

A:Janet,there was something I was going to ask you...

Li:Sure,what is it?

A:I was wondering...oh,it's nothing.Anyway,all this talk about your future career is making me thirsty.Let's go for a drink.

Li:Who is round ?

A:You...

Outsideview :How to get a job

Graduation.What a big day!Your life is about to begin!And then your parents say..."Get a job".I tell you!Looking for your first job out of college can be pretty hard.Reading all the job listing is so annoying.Even trying to figure out what the actual job is can be difficult.Searching through the want ads can be so boring.And writing your resume is really hard work.

"I don't have that day open."Getting a job interview,and then going on it—the whole process is pretty tough.

"Sorry to keep you waiting.Uh,have a seat.""I have your resume here,and you are interested in the assistant's position."

"Yeah,yeah"

"Well,the right candidate for this job has to be very outgoing and sociable.After all it is a sale position."

"Well, I'm a real extrovert(性格外向的人).Definitely."

"And the right candidate has to have great self-confidence.Customers need to feel that you know what you're talking about."

"Well, I'm really self-confident.Um I know what I'm talking about and I think I can project that"

"So,what skills would you bring to this job?"

""Well, I realize that I'm completely overqualified for this position.I mean,um,in my last job,I was running the whole place."

"Oh,so you've supervised people?"

"Yep,five of them.So,obviously I could do this job,no problem.I also have really good computer skills.Um what else do you want to know about me?"

"Eh..."

Even though I was trying really hard,even though I had sent out about 300

resumes,even though I asked all my friend and relatives if they knew of anything.I wasn't getting anywhere!Despite all my best efforts,I was still unemployed.

"Please,why don't you see a career counsellor（顾问）?I'll pay for it.Anything to help you get a job!"

"Samantha,I'm Phyllis Stein.Welcome""Oh,hi,Phyllis.Nice to meet you."

So I figure,heck,why not?I met with Phyllis Stein,a professional job coach.

"Interviewing is vital to getting the job that you want."She showed me how to prepare for an interview by doing research on the position and the company.And latter,she coaching me on my interviewing skills.

"I am going to pretend to be your interviewer,and then we'll stop it and replay it and look at the video and see what we could learn from that.OK?""I don't think that you should go into an interview having not practised with some of the questions that are pretty standard."

"Tell me about yourself."

"Well,my parents—my mom is a social worker,and my dad is an engineer."

"Your preparation is really important."

"What do you know about our organization?"

"Well,I saw on,um,on the Internet that ,you do business publishing?Right?"

"There is a whole range of things that have to do with how you present yourself/"

"Why should I hire you?"

"Oh,well.,um, I'm a really outgoing person,and I like,I like people a lot.I'm responsible and nice."

"You need to think about what the interviewer is actually looking for."

"Samantha, what was a major problem that you've encountered and how did you solve it?"

"I haven't really had any problems to deal with. "

"Thank you.Now let's look at your mock interview on videotape. ""I think it boils down （归结为）to preparation,presentation, and understanding what the interviewer is looking for "

(Watching the videotape)

"Another way of answering it is not telling about yourself ,but telling your relationship to the job."So,they don't care so much about your parents and that you want to live in Cambridge.They may need you to be able to be a troubleshooter.You use some examples in your life from being a troubleshooter.""One of the things that someone who is an assistant in a trade show is doing,is dealing with problems.You need to be sure that you stay,sort of ,on target with preventing,presenting yourself in the strongest possible way."

This time I felt a lot more confident when I went in for the interview.

"I have developed strong communication skills.In college I worked on the school paper and I brought some writing samples to show you.""I also worked every summer at a bed-and-breakfast.""I worked a lot with our guests.I booked reservation over the phone,got them what they needed,and handled any complains.""Well,I feel like I did really well.We'll see. "

Making a good first impression is the most important part of a job interview.

Arriving on time and being confident are the most important parts of a job interview.

It's very important that you are being confident and you're being clear in your answers and listening carefully

Not fidgeting（坐立不安，烦躁）and being confident are the most important things in a job interview.

Writing a thank-you note is the most important thing you want to do after a job interview/ And go in there with a firm handshake.

Listening in

"It's not enough to ask what successful people are like...It is only by asking where they are from that we can unravel the logic behind who succeed and who doesn't"

This is the basic idea of an intriguing book called Outliers, by the American journalist Malclom Gladwell.The book explores the factors which contribute to people who are extremely successful in their careers, for example, the role the family , culture and friend play.

Gladwell examines the causes of why the majority of Canada ice hokey players are born in the first few months of the calender year,what the founder of Microsoft Bill Gates did to achieve his extraordinary success,and why the Beatles managed to redefine the whole of popular music in the 1960s.

Gladwell points out that the youth hockey league in Canada recruits from January the first, so that players born early in the year are bigger,stronger and better athletes than others born later in the year.And because they have this advantage at the start of their sports career,they're given extra coaching,and so there's a greater chance that they'll be picked for an elite hockey team in the future.

He calls this phenomenon accumulative advantage（积累优势）,a bit like the idea that the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.Success depends on the process by which talented athletes are identified as much as it does on their own abilities.

Another aspect which contributes to success is the 10000 hour rule.Great success demands an enormous amount of time for practise and training.For example,the Beatles performed live in Hamburg Germany more than 1200times over four years,much more than the 10000 hours Gladwell claim is necessary for great success.So by the time they returned to England,they had developed their talente and sounded completely different from any other group.

In the same way,Bill Gates had thousands of hours' worth of programming because he had access to a computer at his high school.He also became a teenager just at the right time to take advantage of the latest developments in computer technology.

Outliers has met with extraordinary sucess,matched only by Gladwell's own career for 25 years in journalism.As a result, many citics have seen it as an autobiography, in which the writer appears to be apologizing for his own personal achievements.But the ides that you have to be born at the right moment,in the right place and in the right family,and then you have to work really hard is a thought-provoking way of revisiting our traditional view of genius and great achievement.It's certainly worth reading,as long as you don't take it too seriously.

Listening in 2

P:Hi,we are talking about typical working hours in the US and in Brazil.Eric...um...you're from the States,tell me what are the typical working hours in the States?

E:Er...traditionally people go to work at 9o'clock in the morning and they finish at about 5,so sort of a 9to 5.

P:And,and Penny I...I know you're English but you work in Brazil,what are the hours in Brazil?

Penny:Um varies slightly,sometimes you can start um on an early shift,say,8o'clock in the morning to 5 um or 9 until 6.But in Brazil often people will work longer hours than this.

P:Right,right ok.And what kind of clothes do you wear?I mean do you dress up formally or in a relaxed way?

E:It used to be that you would wear a jacket and tie to work for...for men but er nowadays an open shirt is ok.You don't necessarily have to wear a tie and sometimes on a Friday you can wear a pair of jeans to work.

P:Oh,right the dress down Friday?

E:The dress down Friday that's right.

P:Does that still happen?

E:Yes, yes sure it does.

P:And how about in Brazil?

Penny:Um, it's fairly casual,quite informal,um I mean you need to look neat and tidy obviously,but you,you have your own choice rely on what you would wear,there are no rules and regulations.It's important to look smart but comfortable.

P:Right,yeah do you have meal breaks or is that...you just fit in meals when you can or...?

E:Lunch,lunch is usually an hour sometimes a little shorter if you have to do a lot of work from your desk.

P:Yeah,how about Brazil?

Penny:That's the same, about an hour.

P:And,and with overtime,I mean,if you...I mean you're obviously contracted to do a certain number of hours.What happens if you do more than the hours that you...that's in you...that are in your contract?

E:I have to make a fairly um strict record of my hours so if I go beyond 5 o'clock on most days I put in for overtime.

P:Right.

E:And it's...the first hour is one of overtime and then there's I think 15minute periods after that.So I could work an hour and a quarter.

P:And you'd be paid for the quarter hours?

E:That's right,by the quarter hour.

P:How about in Brazil?

Penny:It's,it's a lot looser in Brazil actually.We we often end up doing overtime but unfortunately not paid.

P: Fine.That's hard luck.And what about holidays,what about in the States?You don't have much holidays in the States do you?

E:No.When you start at a company you get two weeks holiday or two weeks vacation as we say...

P:Yeah

E:Um then it's usually not until you've been at the company for about five ears that they give you another week.So you get three weeks after you've been there for five years.

P:And what about in Brazil?

Penny:Um it's quite good actually-30days.

P:Sounds very generous.

Penny:Yeah I can pop back to...

P:Is that 30 working days or 30 days in total?

Penny:That's 30 working days

P:Wow,that's

Penny:Yes,yeah it's a good deal.

P:What about retirement?I know it's a long way of there!When do you retire?

E:Generally speaking it's at 65.

P:And the same for women.

E:Um it's I think a little sooner than that for women.Women I think 62or 63.

P;Right ,good.And in Brazil is it similar?

Penny:Similar to the States.It's um after 60 for women.65 for men,or if you've clocked up about 30 or 35 years of service then you can retire after that.

P:Right and when...do you have a pay day?When is pay day?

E:Um,well ,we gt paid twice a month,so we get paid at the beginning of the month and then we get paid in the middle of the month at the 15th give or take(大约).

P:Yeah,and what about in Brazil?

Penny:I think it all depends which company you're working for.For the one I am working for right now I get paid twice a month but when I began,with a different company that was once a month,so,it varies.

P:And are there any company benefits that you have in the States?Do you have a company car or a pension?

E:Yeah,we get a company car.We're able to...we lease a car in effect but it's a company car that we get for 18 months to two years and then we...we can move on to another model from that.There's a fairly good pension scheme,that's still working,and hospitalization as well.

P:Oh,that's important

E:Yeah,a health plan through work is very important.

P:Right.And what about in Brazil?

Penny:Yeah,excellent benefits like that.Well I mean it does depend on the company and the status of your or your job but you might get a car,living accommodation,school for the children,they'll pay for your lunch,travel passes,gasoline,health insurance,all sorts of benefits actually it's very good.

P:Sounds very good,with the holiday and all those benefits it sounds a great place to work.

Unit 2

Outside view

Conversation 1

Joe: OK, when you finished chatting, let's get down to work.

Andy: OK, sure.

Janet: Fine by me. What's on the agenda?

Joe: First up today is Read all about it! Now, I assume everyone has read all the books for the future? Has anyone read any of the books?

Andy: Well, Joe, there are over 20 new books coming out next month, so…

Joe: I'm sorry, I really think that's quite unacceptable. It's your job! What about you, Janet? Janet: I'm sorry but this is the first time I've worked on Read all about it! And I didn't know I was meant to read all the books.

Andy: Have you read them?

Joe: No, but that's why you're my assistants. You're meant to assist me.

Andy: It's true that we need to read the books, Joe, but we haven't…

Joe: OK, there you go. You are always making excuses!

Andy: And what's more, we haven't even chosen the books yet.

Joe: OK, let's get down with it. What's on the list?

Janet: I suppose we're looking for books with a London angle（伦敦视角）?

Andy: Not necessarily.

Janet: Is it OK to look for non-fiction too?

Joe: Absolutely.

Janet: OK, here's an idea. There's a new biography（自传）of Charles Dickens which I'm reading. Andy: Sounds good-his books are always on TV.

Janet: You see I'm studying Dickens at university, and I noticed it in the bookshop last week. It's really interesting.

Joe: OK, tell us more.

Janet: Well, it's a description of the London locations where he set many of his books like Oliver Twist and David Copperfield.

Andy: Sounds right up your street（拿手的）!

Joe Well done, Janet. Maybe you can show Andy how to plan the feature. OK, that's it everyone. Let's get to it!

Conversation 2

Janet: What's the matter with Joe today?

Andy: No idea. He's a bit like that sometimes. He gets annoyed with me, but I don't really know why.

Janet: He wasn't being at all fair. How often does he get like this?

Andy: Well, I suppose it's not very often. But sometimes he really gets on my nerves（使某人心烦意乱）.

Janet: Don't let it get to you. He's probably got too much work, and he's stressed.

Andy: Well, he should keep his problems away from the studio. Anyway, you're the expert on Dickens, tell me something about him.

Janet: Well, Charles Dickens was one of the most popular novelists in 19th century Britain.

Many of his novels first appeared in magazines, in short episodes. Each one had a cliffhanger at the end that made people want to read the next episode（集，一集）. Andy: And was he a Londoner?

Janet: He was born in Portsmouth but his family moved to London when he was ten years old. Andy: And he set most of his stories in London, didn't he?

Janet: That's right. He knew the city very well.

Andy: Whereabouts in London are his stories set?

Janet: Around the Law Courts in the centre of London. He worked as a court reporter and many of the real life stories he heard in court inspired some of most famous characters in his novels.

Andy: I think some of his stories take place south of the river?

Janet: That's right, especially around Docklands. The thing was…Dickens was a social commentator（社会评论员）as much as he was a novelist-his stories describe the hardship, the poverty, and crime which many Londoners experienced in the 19th century.

It makes me want to read some Dickens again. Maybe I'll just go shopping for a copy of Great Expectations.

Andy: Anyway, you did me a huge favour. That was a real brainwave（突然想到的妙计，灵感）to suggest the new biography.

Janet: Cheer up Andy. It wasn't your fault.

Andy: No, it's OK, I'll get over it. Go on, off you go and enjoy your shopping!

Outside view

British people read a lot. They read books, newspapers and magazines. And of course they read text messages on their mobile phones. Sixty-five percent of British people list "reading for pleasure" as a major hobby. A quarter of the population reads more than 20 books each year. So where do these books come from? Well, there are bookshops where you can buy books. And there are lots of public libraries where you can borrow books for free. In this library you can borrow books, but you can also buy a cup of coffee, look at an art exhibition, sit in a quiet study area or connect to the Internet. You can also now borrow CDs, videos or DVDs of films and television programmes.Some libraries even let you borrow computer games. There are often reference rooms where you can go to look something up or go to study. Many libraries have also got special rooms with books and photograghs about the historu of the area. Libraries are very important in schools and universities both for study and for reading for pleasure. The British Library is one of the world's greatest libraries. The queen opened its new building in 1998. It receives a copy of every book published in Britain, and adds three million new items every year. It's got books of course, but also sound recordings, music, maps, newspapers, and magazines. People predicted that radio, then television, then the Internet will kill reading, but it still a very popular activity.

Listening in 1

M：So how long has your book group been running?

C：Well, let me see, it's over 20years now. I think it's actually one of the oldest books groups around, because it was only about 20years ago that they started to become fashionable in the UK.

M：And how often do you have meetings?

C：We meet about once every four or five weeks, although we try to avoid meetings in the summer holidays, and during the run-up to（前奏，预备期）Christmas when we all start to get busy with other things.

M：And how many members do you have?

C：We're ten in all, although it's rare that everyone can attend.

M：And what happens during the meeting?

C：Well, we usually meet at one of our homes, and we start fairly late, around 8:30, and the host prepares dinner, and sometime during the meal, someone asks "So what did you think of the book?" and that's when the discussion starts.

M：It sounds quite informal.

C：It is, yes, and sometimes if we haven't enjoyed the book, the meal becomes more important than the discussion. But it's fairly rare that no one likes the book, and it gets quire interesting when opinions about it are divided.

M And what sort of books do you read?

C：Oh, all kinds, actually, not just novels, although I must admit that being a member of the club makes me read more modern fiction than I might do otherwise. But we also read the classics, you know the novels we all read or should have read 30 years ago, and it's quite good fun to revisit them, to see if our views of the books have changed. We re-read Thomas Hardy recently, and whereas I used to love it when I was a student, this time I thought it was exasperatingly（惹人恼火地）dull. And we read non-fiction. quite a lot of history and travel writing. A couple of the members like poetry, which I don't, but you know, we're tolerant each other's choice, and it gives us a chance to try things we wouldn't usually read.

M：And how do you choose the books?

C：Well, at the end of the evening the person who hosts the dinner-basically, the cook- has the right to choose the next book.

M：And that works OK?

C：Yes, although there's quite a lot of stress on choosing something that will earn everyone else's respect. And we've got one member who likes science fiction, so we try not to go to his place too often!

Listening in 2

Well, thank you for your kind welcome, and for giving me the opportunity to give this brief tour of Literary England. I can't claim it's an authoritative tour, as I'm, not a professional literary specialist. However, I have two amateur passions:one is travel and the other is reading and English literature in particular. And this lecture is a description of different visits I have made to places in Britain and Ireland, chosen specifically for their close links with well-known writers of what we call the classics of English literature.

Just to give you an overview of the lecture, I'm going to start in my home town of London, which is also the home of many well-known writers. But I think that the picture we have in our

mind of London has been largely fashioned by the work of Charles Dickens and Shakespeare. Dickensian London is illustrated most clearly by his book Oliver Twist, and Shakespeare's London brings to mind the plays written and performed here, such as Romeo and Juliet. We'll also have a look at the memorial of freat British writers, Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.

Then off we go to Oxford, another city rich in its literary history. I'm, going to focus on the greatest of Oxford's literary alumni, JRR Tolkien, the professor of English who wrote Lord of the Rings, which is now famous throughout the world because of the recent series of films.

Then we turn south towards the gentle countryside of Hampshire, home of Jane Austen, where her various novels, including Price and Prejudice are set. She also spent a period of her life in the magnificent Georgian city of Bath.

Then we turn north to the hills of west Yorkshire where we find Bronte country, so called because it was the home of the three sisters, Charlotte, Emily and Anne Bronte. Perhaps the two best known novels are Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyer, and Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights, also made into successful films.

Then up to the north-west, to the stunning land of mountains and lakes which is the Lake District, home of the Lakeland poets. Perhaps its most famous son is William Wordsworth, whose poem "I wandered lonely as a cloud" has been learnt by generations of school children not just in Britain, but around the English-speaking world.

So that's the basic route round Literary England, although I'll be thinking several detours to visit other famous writers whose work contributes to the glory which is English literature. Let's start…

Unit3

Inside view:

Conversation 1

Tanya: Hey! That looks good on you! You should try it on.

Janet: No thanks, I’m just looking.

Tanya: Go on, try it on. I can tell it suits you.

Janet: You seem to want me to buy something. And I’m not sure I want to buy anything at all. Tanya: Well, yes .I’m pretty sure you want to buy something.

Janet: How do you know?

Tanya: Well, it’s my job to know what women want to wear.

Janet: How do you know what I want to wear?

Tanya: I can just tell. Most women don’t hold things up like that unless they know they want to buy it, but either they haven’t got the money or they are nervous about impulse buying. Janet: So what type of Tanya am I then?

Tanya: No money.

Janet: Yeah! You are right, but how do you know?

Tanya: If you were nervous about impulse（心血来潮的，一时冲动的）buying, you’ll feel good that you’ve made a careful decision.

Janet: That’s pretty smart. What is your job then?

Tanya: I’m a buyer for a store in New York City. I’m here for London Fashion Week. Hey, do you want to go? I have some free tickets for the catwalk show this afternoon.

Janet:Well, I’m not sure. I’m waiting for a friend for a friend, actually ,and…

Joe: Hi, Janet!

Janet: Joe! What are you doing here?

Joe: Why the surprise?

Janet: It’s just…I didn’t expect to see you. That’s all. Er, this is …

Tanya: Hello, I’m Tanya Feinstein. Is this the friend you were waiting for…

Janet: NO. Yes!

Tanya: So would you both like to come this afternoon?

Janet: Tanya has invited us to the catwalk show this afternoon.

Tanya：Look at this. Oh, it’s perfect. I’ll try it on. I’ll leave you two to make up your minds.

Conversation2

Joe: Who is she? Is she a friend of yours?

Janet: No, she just came up to me and started talking about fashion. She’s a buyer for some New York fashion store.

Joe: But why she invited us to a catwalk show?

Janet: She’s giving out free tickets. Part of her job I think.

Joe: So do you want to go?

Janet: I suppose so. Have not got any money for shopping, so why not?

Tanya: OK, you guys made up your mind?

Joe: You sure you got a couple of tickets for us?

Tanya: Sure!

Joe: Thanks. So what is your take on the London fashion scene then?

Tanya: As far as I am concerned, the clothes shops in London are some of the best in the world. The way I see it, if I want haute couture（高级时装）I can go to Paris or Milan. But if I want street fashion that will look good in New York too, I come to London. The kids here all have this unique style.

Joe: But they can not afford designer prices.

Tanya: In London the fashion tends to start on the streets. It gets popular among the kids, and then the designers come and pick up on their style, turn it into designer clothes. Whereas in Paris or Milan, it is more of a top-down process(从上至下的过程).

Janet: Top-down?

Tanya: Sure. The big name designers create these wonderful clothes but they are really only for a few rich people.

Joe: So you think it is different in London?

Tanya: I sure do. And. if you ask me, New York as well. Anyway, you ready?

Joe: Sure. Why not? Janet?

Janet: Well…Oh well, it is getting late. So, I suppose so.

Tanya: OK, follow me .Let us get a cab.

Outside view

London has always prided itself on being a little bit different when it comes to fashion. At the

catwalk shows, designers showcase the hottest new trends for journalists and buyers from all over the world. But away from the glamour of designer collections, what do London girls actually wear? How do they create the affordable, personal style they are famous for? Hannah, who works for a fashion magazine, says London’s unique style is all about mixing and matching. One day can be punk. Next day you can be really girlie（少女般的）. It’s kind of choosing what you want in your wardrobe. Maybe taking an expensive piece but mixing it with something cheaper or second-hand.

I think that is what London girls are really good at doing. Portobello Road, in the trendy Notting Hill area, is home to one of the most famous markets in London. Here, you name it and people wear it-anything from market stall bargains to to-die-for（令人渴望的）designer labels sold in trendy shops. But how do the capital’s women view their style? Eclectic. My style is certainly eclectic. It is from Tesco. It is the Catherine Kidston range from Tesco. Sam is matched her outfit today with a bag she bought in a supermarket. Angela is a fashion stylist. So tell me a little bit about your life. What are you wearing and what would you say your style is? My style tends to change week by week. Today I am wearing some jeans from Uniqlo.I’ve discovered Uniqlo jeans and bought about five pairs cos they fit really well. The boots are by Aldo .My T-shirt is from Tooshop. The jacket is a really old jacket that I bought in the States a few years ago. But um, yeah I mean it just…it does tend to change a lot. Over to New Bond Street, London’s designer shopping Mecca（胜地）and the style stakes have gone up a little. Some of the most famous and expensive shops in the world can be found here. Shops where you have to ask the price of that handbag…or pair of shoes…then you know you can not really afford it. Natalie, a student from the city, says being laid back is what gives London style its edge. I don’t know. Everyone says like. French is like so fashionable and stuff but I think we are quite trendy, we are a bit more casual, but I think we have got a good style going on and everything, a bit laid back, but everyone still looks cool. Seylia works in a jewelry shop. No shabby chic（流行式样，时尚）here. Cashmere scarf from Louboutin, because it is cold. Black coat from Prada and a Valentino bag, which is probably as colorful as it gets. Katie is a model and loves how people dress in London because everyone has their own individual style. I love London it is so unique.And like everyone’s got their own fashion.

I love it here, because you can wear whatever and just fit in, it is great. I love London for that. Laura is a student and says she doesn’t really put any thought into what she is wearing. Fashion, I wouldn’t really call it fashion. It is just kind of chucked together, basically, what I am comfortable in. Camden is known for its grungy（脏的，乱糟糟）, daring and sometimes outrageous（极不寻常的）styles. Here fashion is whatever you want it to be. Teenagers don’t hold back much when it comes to choosing clothes. They just want to make personal statement .We are just crazy! We don’t hold back so much. It’s not all about being elegant or something like that. It’s more making a statement, some people. And we don’t care.

Listening in

Presenter: How often do you change your clothes during the day?

Penny: Um I think it all depends on what I’m going to do. Um it might be as many as three times if…

Presenter: Three times.

Penny: Yes, if I was …if I was going to go to gym, for instance, having dropped the children off at school I’d be wearing an outfit for…just a casual outfit for doing the school run, then I’d

go to gym and get changed and then if I was going out in the evening I’d change again. Presenter: Yeah. How about you?

Penny: Yeah, I think it depends what happens during the day. Most of the time though I just put on my clothes for work. I go to work I come home. Um maybe take something off, like er my shoes and change into a pair of slippers（拖鞋）or something, just a pair of sneakers. Um but there are times when if I go to gym, like Penny said, or if we are going out, my wife and I are going out for some occasion, I have to change into something a little nicer.

Presenter:And and so what would what would be the occasion when you changed into something nicer? It would be different from a work…？

Eric: Yeah like going to someone’s house for dinner or going out for dinner, or going to some kind of event.

Presenter: Yeah yeah. Would that be the same for you?

Penny: Definitely. Going to the theatre, um or meeting friends for a drink, yes.

Presenter: So you’d always change for a social circumstance?

Penny: Definitely makes it feel more of an occasion.

Presenter:OK, and what about the clothes you are wearing at the moment, how would you know, what made you choose these clothes this morning?

Penny: Well I am going for an interview in an hour’s time so I’ve got to look quite smart and presentable so that’s why I am looking smarter than I normally would do in the day. Presenter: I think you have got a head start here because you look very presentable. Penny: Ah thank you.

Presenter: How about you?

Eric: I am able to go to work in fairly casual clothes so you know it’s fairly relaxed, nice and easy, anything I’m comfortable with but as long as it’s clean and boss says it’s alright. Presenter: And so you dress for comfort or do you think you are fashion conscious as well? Eric: Maybe a little bit fashion conscious yeah. You don’t want to stand out like a sore thumb（很显眼）and people make fun of you, you know for some reason, but at the same time you want to have your own bit of individuality.

Presenter: I think you are discreetly fashion conscious, would you agree with…？

Penny: Yes and another a good trick I always do is carry my high heels in my hand bag and go in my trainers you see, and then I can charge along and jump on the bus and then, and then look…Presenter: And you manage high heels?

Penny: Yes once I’m there and haven’t got to move around too much.

Presenter: Very impressive, very impressive. What do you think your clothes say about your mood or your personality? Do you change depending…if you get up in the morning do you put on certain clothes depending on how you feel?

Penny: Definitely, yes. If I’m feeling maybe a bit down I do not want to war black because it’s quite draining(精疲力尽的) and also as you get older it’s draining too, so I might put on some warm colors or which um, I don’t know, sort of make your skin look lighter and your eyes sparkle a little more. Um I, I change…I would say I have got a lot of different colors clothes according to my mood.

Presenter: Yeah, and what about you? Do you change dramatically in the evening when you go out on town on the razz（狂欢）you know?

Eric: Well not really. Um yeah I might put on a nicer pair of shoes or maybe er get out of my

jeans and put on a nicer pair of pants, something like that. But um for the most part, it’s a young organization that I work for and the boss is fairly young so we all dress um with a youthful thought in mind.

Presenter: Thank you.

Unit4

Inside view

Conversation 1

Andy: So what happened then?

Janet: I saw some wonderful clothes, and had a wonderful day.

Andy: But what were you doing there with Joe? I thought you were meeting with me.

Janet: You were late.

Andy: Ah, yes. You got me there.

Janet: Joe is right you know. You are late quite often.

Andy: Ok.

Janet: I didn’t know what to do because l didn’t know you were on you way. And Tanya offered me the free tickets and then Joe just turned up.

Andy: Oh well. Look, I’m really sorry I didn’t… Oh, I’d better take this. Hi, Andy speaking. Oh, yes of course. Hi,Mr. Pearson. Are we still on for today? It’s the guy we’re meeting today. Yes, we’re already here. Something unexp ected has come up. OK, sure，we will have to make another arrangement to meet. That’s fine, no problem. So when would it be convenient for you? I think that’s OK, but can I check my schedule? Can you hold on for

a moment, please? He can’t make it this morni ng. Are we clear this afternoon?

Janet: I think so, yes.

Andy: That’s OK. Could we make it at 2:30 rather than 2:00? Well, let me think. How about at our local, the Duke of York? Would that be OK with you?... Sure, no problem. See you this afternoon. Bye!

Janet: What’s he coming to talk about?

Andy: The city. The financial capital of the world… Next to New York, of course. I’d better tell Joe about the change of plan.

Conversation 2

Janet: So what does the world high finance have to do with our website?

Joe: Well, I thought we could do something on the Bank of England Museum- It’s really quite interesting.

Janet: So who exactly is Tim Pearson?

Joe: He works there and he’s coming along today to p lan our interview and a tour round museum.

Janet: So we’re not actually doing any firming?

Andy: No. Just asking more about the Bank and the museum.

Tim: Hi.

Joe: Hi, Tim.

Andy: Hi, Tim.

Janet: Hi, I’m Janet.

Tim: Hi, Janet. Right, so where do you want to begin?

Joe: I’ve got a plan of the m useum. Can we go through it with you?

Tim: Fine. Basically, the Bank of England Museum tells the story of the Bank of England.

There’s also a collection of Bank notes and gold bars.

Andy: Any free samples?

Tim: Sorry, no chance! Now, you come in here on the left, past the museum shop. Then the first room you enter is a reconstruction of a late 18th century banking hall.

Janet: And moving through to this room, on the top right hand site?

Tim: That’s the story of the early years at the Bank from when it was founded in 1964. Janet: What about this room on the left?

Tim: That’s the bank’s collection of silver goods, a pile of gold bar s. And this room here below contains a description of how the modern economy works.

Janet: So is our paper money always backed by its value in gold?

Tim: Yes, the notes they gave or received were originally receipts for the loans in gold. But gradually these paper receipts replaced the gold and became bank notes.

Janet: So is the Bank independent or controlled by the government?

Tim: The Bank was given its independence in 1997.

Janet: And why didn’t the Bank help the economy during the credit crunch in 2008?

Tim: Well, it’s a bit difficult to explain…

Andy: Take your time, Tim, we’d really like to know.

Tim: Wel l, uh…

Outside view

So you want to win a million dollars. Who doesn’t, right? Everyone has fun thinking about how they would spend all that money.

--If I won a million dollars, I would take a vacation around the world.

--If I won a million dollars, I would feed the hungry children in Africa.

--I would buy a Learjet and get out of here.

--If I won a million dollars, I would buy a cabin（小木屋）and live in the woods.

--If I won a million dollars, I would take a trip around the world, and the rest of it I would give to charities.

Winning a million dollars is a nice fantasy. But for many people, their fantasy can get them in trouble. Criminals called con artists, scam（欺诈）artists, or frauds（诈骗）, taking advantage of people’s dreams of winning it big.

--My dad told m y mum,” Don’t do that, because you don’t know if they’re going to trick you or not!”

Scam artists tried to trick Maria Ellen’s mother out of thousands of dollars. These criminals told Maria Ellen’s mother that she had won part of a million-dollar jackpot. But, they said, since she was not a US citizen, she was not allow to claim the prize. They promised to collect the prize for her if she gave them thousands of dollars.

--$15000, uh, at 5 o’clock in the Lottery（彩票）Texas Department. That’s what they told her. And my mum said,” OK, I’ll be there at that time.”

Police at the Dallas Lotto（乐透彩票）Claims Office say that dozens of people have been tricked out of their money in this last fraud. Fraud is a common crime. Hoping to win million, people make poor decisions and lose their money. But people who really do win millions can make poor decisions too. Bob Kenny works for an organization called More Than Money. More Than Money helps people who come into large amounts of money make good decisions about how to manage their unexpected wealth.

--What’s really important to me. My family. The health of my family. The education of my family. The long-term care of my family. These are the things important to me. These a re the things I’m going to use my money to get in the world.

Albert Miller and Dorothy Adams who won a whopping（庞大的）$40 million had many choices to make on how to spend their new wealth.

--I was finally able to afford some health insurance,…

--And you did n’t have it before this.

--I didn’t, and I worked every every day of my adult life.

--That’s a great decision, buying health insurance. He knows his health is important to him. His family’s health is important to him. He knows his family is important to him. He knows he’s important to his family. So it’s really easy decision. I have the money. I need the health insurance. I’m going to buy it.

Now Albert can afford anything he wants. He bought an everyday car, a top of the line Infinity.

-- It’s low-key…it’s a low-profile car for me.

His other new one is not. It’s a special edition Rolls-Royce. There are fewer than two dozen like this in the world. With a cognac bar, a twelve-cylinder（气缸）engine, and one smooth ride. --If you fly a Roll, you don’t drive a R olls. So, you know, you just fly along.

--he decided to buy one car that was practical that he could use every day. And then he decided to buy another car that he knows is not practical, that’s been a fantasy of his. It’s something that, in some ways, he always wanted. And having a little fun with the money while he’s trying to make some decisions is a perfectly normal thing to do.

--Last time we talked, you were talking diamonds. What happened?

--Uh, well, I got diamonds! Big ones eleven carats in all.

--I think that was a very sweet thing to do. He had his fantasies, she had hers, and having diamonds is something she always wanted.

A few weeks after the big win, the couple closed their restaurant, called Bentley’s. now they have more time to travel, golf, and playing on the boat Albert just bought. still, a lot’s the same. They live in the same house, in the same neighbourhood where they both grew up.

--We try to keep everything pretty much same as it was before. You know, we tried not to let money change us.

--Our culture wants us to believe that if we are not happy, if we had more money, we would be happy. And the research shows that that’s just not true. You’ll still wake up some mornings with a headache. You’ll still wake up sometimes in a bad mood. You’ll still have fights with your friends sometimes. It won’t make all of that better. Having more money will not necessarily improve the quality of your relationships or the happiness that you actually have in your life. What money does is allow us to make more choices. And making wise choices is what will

make us happy.

Despite every man’s dream come true, Albert still thinks about money.

--The money pressure’s not there, but other pressures of having the money come then, so, you know, I mean, you’re never totally free of something to worry about.

--Albert’s a pretty wise guy. He understand that the money is going to create another set of issues for him.

--I still think most of us would trade our money problems for Albert’s any day.

--I think most of us think that the problems that we have in life would get solved if we had more money. But what I’m suggesting is that isn’t necessarily so- that money gives more choices, but it doesn’t give us the blissful（极快乐的）answer.

Listening in

Passage 1

Presenter: With me today is Tara Black, author of The History of Money. Tara, before we had money, we exchange things, didn’t we?

Tara: Yes, that’s right. In stone age, people exchanged things like salt or cattle. But of course the problem is that the things you excha nge don’t last. And so money was

introduced as a more permanent way of paying for things. And of course, money’s

also a lot easier to use. You can carry it around you very easier.

Presenter: So when did people start changing from exchanging goods to paying for things with money?

Tara: Well, as far back as5000BC, people in China and the Middle East were exchanging metals for goods.

Presenter: As long ago as that?

Tara: Yes. The first silver ingots（金银铸块、锭）…

Presenter: Silver bars?

Tara: Yes, they appeared around2200BC in Europe a nd were used as currency.Coins then appeared in Lydia around 700BC.

Presenter: Lydia?

Tara: Lydia is a country in what’s now known as Turkey. Then other countries followed their example and started producing them. A Greek coin, the drachma（德拉克马，

希腊原货币单位）, became the standard form of money in large parts of Asia and

Europe.

Presenter: And the first paper money?

Tara: Paper money was first used in china around 960AD.

Presenter: It’s always China, isn’t it?

Tara: Quite often, yes.

Presenter: So as well as being long-lasting and convenient, a big advantage of coins and paper money is that they have a standard value.

Tara: Yes, they’re known as representative money. Every coin or paper has a certain value that doesn’t depend on t he actual value of the paper or metal. Presenter: And how did banks started?

Tara: Both the early Persians and the Ancient Egyptians had store houses where they kept their country’s grain- we’re talking about3000BC.They exchanged the grain for

promissory notes. This meant a written promise to pay back a sun of money to

someone. Really, these storehouses can be seen as the first banks.

Presenter: I see.

Tara: So over a great many centuries banks became places where money was deposited and lent. And they guaranteed that a note of a certain amount of silver.

Presenter: And then there was the gold standard, wasn’t there?

Tara: Yes, the golden standard was applied all over the world from 1870 to 1915 but it was slowly abandoned.

Presenter: Wh en did it became easier…

Passage 2

Speaker 1: As a student, you are probably living on a very limited amount of money, so here are our top useful tips to help you make your money go further.

Speaker 2: One. Say no to credit cards!Banks may encourage you to use their cheap credit card facilities where you buy now and pay later. It looks great but it’s easy to get into

debt. If you do have a credit card, hide it and get it out only when you absolutely

have to.

Speaker 1: Two. Look for bargains! You can look great in second-hand shops and charity shops.

Learn to love eBay and look there first rather than in shop windows. It could make all

difference.

Speaker 2: Three.Stick to a budget! Work out exactly how much you have coming in each month and your necessary expenditure（花费、开销）-what you absolutely must spend,

like rent, bill and food before you look at your disposable（可支配的）income- this

means what you’ve got left for any extras and treats. Think first – do you really need

that pair of shoes and can you afford to go to a restaurant this month?

Speaker 1: Four. Give up your bad habits(or at least keep them under control)! If you smoke, buy expensive coffee or regularly eat out, giving it up or at least reducing the amount

you spend on these things will save you mo re than you’d think.

Speaker 2: Five. Find ways to save money! If you got to the supermarket at the end of the day you may find some fresh produce like meat and vegetables marked down in price. If

you go to afternoon shows at the cinema or theatre you will save money while still

going out and enjoy yourself.

Speaker 1: Six. Beg and borrow before you buy! If you need a book for an essay, has anyone else got it? Try and borrow it rather than buy it.

Speaker 2: Seven. Plan ahead! A lot of unnecessary spending occurs because people fail to plan ahead and have to spend a lot of money at the last moment. Check your diary. When

you need those books .for your essay to write in June? Can you borrow them now? Or

you need to make a trip. Can you buy the tickets in advance rather than at the last

moment at a higher price?

Speaker 1: The economical habit you develop now while you’re at college will help you in later life. Don’t think ‘I’m poor and miserable’ but instead t ell yourself ‘I’m developing a

highly important like skill.’And it’s absolutely true.

……When I go out, I go fast, it feels good. Even if for a few moments, it, it’s, it’s just the most

exhilarating（使人异常兴奋的）, most wonderful, most magical things that can happen. And I know that I’m, I’m young again and it’s worth every day. It keeps me happy for a month.

Unit5

Inside view

Conversation1

Andy: I loved the question you asked Tim Pearson about financial crisis.

Janet: Well, I shouldn’t have asked it. After all he is an expert!

Andy: There you go again, you’re always putting yourself down. You don’t know how to take a compliment（称赞，恭维）.

Janet: True. I never find it easy to accept praise. Do you think women have been conditioned to accept criticism（批评，指责）?

Andy: Well, I think that’s gender stereotyping（对...产生成见，模式化）. Do you think that men are good at accepting compliments?

Janet: Well, they seem to be able to deal with criticism much better.

Andy:Don’t you believe it!

Janet: Anyway, thank you, I accept your compliment.

Andy: Not only that, but I think you’d make a really TV presenter.

Janet: I’m not so sure. I haven’t seen many women in television here.

Andy: Well, in the media in general, I can assure（确保，使确信）you that there are lots of women in presenting and management roles.

Janet: Well, maybe, but I’m Chinese as well. I don’t think I’ll be accepted as a presenter on a British TV programme.

Andy: Gender and racial stereotyping. I mean, it depends on what job and sometimes where you work in London, of course, but generally, Londoners are proud of their multi-ethnic community. Especially the Chinese, because cook great food!

Janet: Now who’s doing the stereotyping! But seriously, look at all these smart women walking to work. Are they all secretaries or managers?

Andy: OK, it’s a good point. I think that many women manage to get middle management jobs in most professions. But it’s true that a lot of them talk about the glass ceiling.

Janet:What’s the glass ceiling?

Andy: It’s the situation where a woman is successful in a company, but then she hits the glass ceiling- this invisible（不可见的，隐形的）barrier which stops her going any higher in her career.

Conversation 2

Janet: So what do you think causes the glass ceiling?

Andy: It’s partly prejudice by men about women’s abilities in management. But it’s also when women take time off to have children; they don’t always recover the same power when they return to work.

Janet: It not fair.

Andy: You’re right, it’s not fair. I read here that only five to ten percent of the top companies in America and British are run by women.

Janet: That’s extraordinary! In China there appears to be more women in top jobs, but I may be wrong.

Andy:And look, here are some more statistics. About 60 percent of university graduations in Europe and North America are women. And something like 75 percent of the eight million new jobs in Europe have been filled by women.

Janet: So the percentage of women in the total workforce is growing.

Andy: You got it! But women in the UK are in a slight majority—there are more women than men.

Janet: Do you think it’s especially bad in the UK, and in London especially?

Andy: Not really. Some jobs which were traditionally done by women, like nursing, are now also done by men, and like engineering which are done by women. And there are plenty of women’s football teams!

Janet: Women’s football! We have women’s football in China too.

Andy: Mind you, their matches don’t get many spectators!

Janet: I give up. What else has changed?

Andy: I think fathers spend more quality time with their children today. But I bet you it’s still the women who spend most looking after the children and the home.

Janet: I guess that’s true everywhere.

Andy: Anyway, I am going home to watch the match on TV. The local women’s team, of course. Janet: It’s typical of you men! You always bring it back to football!

Andy: And that’s typical of you women! You always bring it back to gender stereotyping.

Outside View

In South Korea, women are participating more in the economic and political sectors than they were a decade ago. But career aspirations for female students in South Korea still tend to be based on the traditional division of gender roles. They are accustomed to thinking of such jobs as teaching and nursing, what their male counterparts aim to become scientists and judges. Many of these young women are aware that if they want to be independent they need to train so they can have their own source of income. In the previous generation, women did not have the right to speak, because they did not have their own financial support. Therefore, our generation of women must work to be financially independent. The growth in the number of women who work has caused the typical South Korean household to change. For example, there are more women living alone. This is because they can make their own money rather than depend on a man to support them. There has also been a rapid rise in the number of families in which both parents work. Married women increasingly want to participate in society but they need to balance family life and work. After marriage, we all struggle with how to take care of our children and work. The introduction of day care centers at some work places, such as the Chohung bank, has helped to make it possible for mothers to work. Whilst these women are at work, their children are in the day care center. There they are usually very well looked after, receiving a balanced diet, playing

大学英语视听说教程原文及标准答案

大学英语视听说教程原文及答案

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Uint1 II. Basic Listening Practice 1. Script M: I’m beside myself with joy. I’m so lucky. Guess what? I’ve won a lit o f money in the lottery. W: Yeah? Well, you do know that money is the root of all evil, right? Q: What does the woman mean? 2. Script W: Mary was furious. Her son wrecked up her car. M: He shouldn’t have driven a car without a driver’s license. He‘s stil l taking driving lesson. Q: What do we know about Mary’s son? 3. Script M: Susan, I hear you’re going to marry that guy. Some people think you’ll regret it. W: Is that so? Only time tell. Q: What does the woman imply? 4. Script M: Mary, I just want to say how sorry I was to learn of your mother’s passing. I know how close you two were? W: Thank you. It was so sudden. I’M still in a state of shock I don’t know what to do. Q: Which of following is true? 5. Script W: I get furious at work when my opinions a ren’t considered just because I’m a woman. M: You should air your view more emphatically and demand that your vice be heard. Q: What is the woman complaining about? Keys: 1.C 2.B 3. D 4.A 5.D III. Listening In Task 1: Soft answers turn away wrath. Mary: Da m! You’re spilled red wine on me. My new dress is ruined. John: I’ m terrible sorry! What can I do to help? Here’s some water to wash it off. Mary: Stop splashing water on me! Oh, this is so embarrassing! I’m a mess. John: Well, you do look a little upset. Please don’t blow up. Don’t lose your cool. Mary: Hmm, you’ve got the nerve talking like that! Who shouldn’t fly off the handle? This dress cost a fortune. John: You look really cute when you’re mad. I kid you not. Some people do look attractive when they are in a rage. Mary: This is very expensive dress. I saved for months to buy it, and now it’s ruined. Look at this stain! John: Accidents do happen. Give me your dress, and I’ll take it to the cleaners. Mary: Sure! You want me to take it off right here in public and give it to you? I don’t even know you! John: This might be a really goof time to get acquainted. I’m John Owen. Mary: Mmm, at least you’re polite. I guess I really shouldn’t have flared up. After all, it was an accident. I’m Mary Harvey. John: Come on. I’ll take you home. You can change your clothes, and I’ll get the dress cleaned for you. Mary: Now you’re talking. Thanks. You’re a real gentleman. John: You’d better believe it. I’m glad to see that you’ve cooled down. Feel look a bite to eat aft erward? I’m starving. Mary: Ok. You’re pretty good. I’m not nearly as mad. If you can get this stain out, I’ll be very happy. John: I’ll try my best. But if I can’t get the stain out, please don’t let your happiness turn to wrath. 1. Which of the following would be the best title for the dialog? 2. Why does the woman get angry? 3. What does the man say to please the woman when she looks angry? 4. Why does the woman say the man is a real gentleman? 5. What is the man’s final proposal? Keys: 1D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C Task 2: Big John is coming! Script A bar owner in the Old West has just hired a timid bartender. This (S1) owner of the establishment is giving his new hire some instructions on (S2) running the place. He tells the timid man, “If you ever hear that Big John is coming to town, (S3) drop everything and run for the hills! He’s the biggest, nastiest (S4) outlaw who’s ever lived!” A few weeks pass (S5) uneventfully. But one afternoon, a local cowhand comes running through town (S6) yel ling, “Big John is coming! Run for your (S7) lives!” When the bartender leaves the bar to start running, he is knocked to the ground by several townspeople rushing out of town. (S8) As he’s picking himself up, he sees a large man, almost seven feet tall. H e’s muscular, and is growing as he approaches the bar. 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Unit 1 Accad 461352 Bcad Unit 2 257813496 Cdabcbd Deafgbc

go ahead and start，you can go to a restaurant，stay too late，would arrive，everyone tries everything ，you don't like their cooking，that's considered rude，nothing more than that cdbd ehgacbfd Unit 3 234 a centre，words，sentences，a tree，a lot of colours dbab 51,50,12，three and a half months in white coats，my family，almost immediately，words and pictures，a lot of words，read and write，the right time 326154 Bdadd Unit 4 1,4,5,6,8 160，1992，1,000,000,000，20,000,000,000，10, 15，2004，450，2，1，10% 1,4,5 stands for，only，reached，has quickly become，text，up to，By，which is when，As a result，most successful 5,7,4,2,3,6,1 Aadbb 3,4,6,7,8 Unit 5 1,2

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