综合教程2 之The jeaning of America 的翻译

This is the story of a sturdy American symbol which has now spread throughout most of the world. The symbol is not the dollar. It is not even Coca-Cola. It is a simple pair of pants called blue jeans, and what the pants symbolize is what Alexis de Tocquevi lle called “a manly and legitimate passion for equality…. Blue jeans are favored equally by bureaucrats and cowboys; bankers and deadbeats; fashion designers and beer drinkers They draw no distinctions and recognize no classes; they are merely American 1 . Yet they are sought after almost everywhere in the world ― including Russia, where authorities recently broke up a teen-aged gang that was selling them on the black market for two hundred dollars a pair. They have been around for a long time, and it seems likely that they will outlive even the necktie. [2] This ubiquitous American symbol was the invention of a Bavarian-born Jew. His name was Levi Strauss.

[3] He was born in Bad Ocheim, Germany , in 1829, and during the European political turmoil of 1848 decided to take his chances in New York , to which his two brothers already had emigrated. Upon arrival, Levi soon found that his two brothers had exaggerated their tales of an easy life in the land of the main chance. They were landowners, they had told him; instead, he found them pushing needles, thread, pots, pans ribbons, yarn, scissors and buttons to housewives. For two years he was a lowly peddler, hauling some 180 pounds of sundries door-to-door to eke out a marginal living. When a married sister in San Francisco offered to pay his way West in1850, he jumped at the opportunity, taking with him bolts of canvas he hoped to sell for tenting.

[4] It was the wrong kind of canvas for that purpose, but while talking with a miner down from the mother lode, he l earned that pants ― sturdy pants that would stand up to the rigors of the digging ― were almost impossible to find. Opportunity beckoned. On the spot, Strauss measured the man's girth and inseam with a piece of string and, for six dollars in gold dust 2 , had [the canvas] tailored into a pair of stiff but rugged pants. The miner was delighted with the result, word got around about “those pants of Levi's” and Strauss was in business. The company has been in business ever since.

[5]When Strauss ran out of canvas, he wrote his two brothers to send more. He received instead a tough, brown cotton cloth made in Nimes, France ― called serge de Nimes and swiftly shortened to “denim”(the word “jeans” derives from G ê nes, the French word for Genoa, where a similar cloth was produced). Almost from the first, Strauss had his cloth dyed the distinctive indigo that gave blue jeans their name 3 , but it was not until the 1870s that he added the copper rivets which have long since become a company trademark. The rivets were the idea of a Virginia City, Nevada , tailor, Jacob W. Dacis, who added them to pacify a mean-tempered miner called Alkali Ike. Alkali, the story goes, complained that the pockets of his jeans always tore when he stuffed them with ore samples and demanded that Davis do something about it. As a kind of joke, Davis took the pants to a blacksmith and had the packets riveted; once again, the idea worked so well that word got around; in 1873 Strauss appropriated 4 and patented the gimmick ― and hired Davis as a regional manager.

[6] By this time, Strauss had taken both his brothers and two brothers-in-law into the company and was ready for his third San Francisco store. Over the ensuing years the company prospered locally, and by the time of his death in 1902, Strauss has become a man of prominence in California . For three decades thereafter the business remained profitable though small, with sales largely confined to the working people of the West ― cowboys,

lumberjacks, railroad workers, and the like. Levi's jeans were first introduced to the East, apparently, during the dude-ranch craze of the 1930s, when vacationing Easters returned and spread the word about the wonderful pants with rivets. Another boost came in World War Ⅱ, when blue jeans were declared and essential commodity and were sold only to people engaged in defense work 5 . From a company with fifteen salespeople, two plants, and almost no business east of the Mississippi in 1946, the organization grew in thirty years to include a sales force of more than twenty-two thousand, with fifty plants and offices in thirty-five countries. Each year, more than 250,000,000 items of Levi's clothing are sold ― including more than 83,000,000 pairs of riveted blue jeans. They have become, through marketing, word of mouth, and demonstrable reliability, the common pants of America . They can be purchased pre-washed, pre-faded, and pre-shrunk for the suitably proletarian look. They adapt themselves to any sort of idiosyncratic use; women slit them at the inseams and convert them into long skirts, men chop them off above the knees and turn them into something to be worn while challenging the surf. Decorations and ornamentations abound.

[7]The pants have become a tradition, and along the way have acquired a history of their own ― so much so that the company has opened a museum in San Francisco. There was, for example 6 , the turn-of-the-century trainman who replaced a faulty coupling with a pair of jeans; the Wyoming man who used his jeans as a towrope to haul

his car out of a ditch; the Californian who found several pairs in an abandoned mine, wore them, then discovered they were sixty-three years old and still as good as new and turned them over to the Smithsonian as a tribute to their toughness. And then there is the particularly terrifying story of the careless construction worker who dangled fifty-two stories above the street until rescued, his sole support the Levi's belt loop through which his rope was hooked.

美国牛仔裤史话

卡琳·奎因

[1] 本文讲述的是美国的一个坚实的象征物，如今已经遍及世界大部分地区。此物不是美元，甚至也不是可口可乐，而只是一条称作蓝色牛仔裤的普通裤子。这条裤子所象征的，如亚历克西·德托克维尔所言，是“对平等的果敢而正当的渴求……”无论是官员还是牛仔，银行家还是赖帐徒，时装设计师还是嗜酒成性者，都同样青睐蓝色牛仔裤。这种裤子对人不分高低贵贱，只要是美国人都可以穿。不过，牛仔裤几乎在世界各地都广受欢迎——其中包括俄罗斯，其当局最近破获了一个在黑市上倒卖牛仔裤的青少年团伙，他们的牛仔裤卖到200 美元一条。牛仔裤已经流行了很长时间，看来其生命力甚至可能超过领带。

[2] 这个无所不在的美国象征是一个出生于巴伐利亚的犹太人发明的，它的名字叫李维·施特劳斯。

[3] 他于1829 年出生于德国的巴德奥切姆，1848 年欧洲政治动荡期间，决定去纽约碰碰运气，他的两个哥哥已经移民去了那里。到了纽约，李维很快就发现，两个哥哥关于在这片充满机遇的土地上生活比较安逸的说法实在有些言过其实。他们说自己拥有土地，可他发现他们在向家庭主妇推销针线、锅罐、缎带、剪刀和钮扣。李维做了两年寒酸的小贩，拉着180 来磅的杂货挨门挨户地叫卖，勉强维持生计。1850

年，他的一个嫁到旧金山的姐姐愿意为他提供西行的路费，他急忙抓住这一机会，带着几卷帆布走了，打算卖给人家做帐篷用。

[4] 岂料这种帆布不适于做帐篷。不过，李维跟一个来自主矿脉的矿工交谈时了解到，人们简直买不到能经得起采矿磨损的结实耐穿的裤子。机会向他招手了。施特劳斯当场用一根带子量了那人的腰围和裤长，请人用帆布做成一条粗硬而耐磨的裤子，卖得了6 美元的砂金。矿工感到很满意，于是有关“李维的那些裤子”的消息不胫而走，施特劳斯从此做起了生意。自那以后，他的公司一直在经营。

[5] 施特劳斯用完了帆布，便写信叫哥哥在发一些过来，不想收到的却是法国尼姆产的一种坚韧的棕色棉布——称作“尼姆哔叽”（serge de Nimes ）, 很快就简称为“劳动布” [ 英语词jeans( 牛仔裤) 源自于法语的Genes ，即英语的Genoa （热那亚），此地生产一种类似的棉布] 。几乎从一开始，施特劳斯就把他的布料染成别具一格的靛蓝色，因此便有了蓝色牛仔裤之称。不过，直到19 世纪70 年代，他才往裤子上加了铜铆钉；长期以来，这铜铆钉也就成了公司的标志。给裤子加上铆钉是内华达州弗吉尼亚市的裁缝雅各布· W ·戴维斯想出的主意，他这样做是为了抚慰为一个名叫阿尔卡利·艾克的脾气暴躁的矿工。据说他抱怨他往口袋里装矿石标本时，口袋总是被撑破，要求戴维斯想想办法。戴维斯开了个玩笑，把裤子拿到铁匠铺，给口袋上了铆钉。这一招果然奏效，消息再一次不胫而走。1873 年，施特劳斯采纳了这一小发明，出资为之申请了专利——并雇用戴维斯做地区经理。

[6] 这时候，施特劳斯已把他的两个哥哥和两个姐夫招进了公司，并准备在旧金山开办他的第三个分店。此后的几十年间，公司在当地生意兴隆。1902 年施特劳斯去世时，他已成为加利福尼亚的知名人士。在以后的30 年中，生意虽然不大，但一直在盈利，主要的销售对象是西部的劳工阶层——诸如牛仔、伐木工、铁路工之类的人。李维的牛仔裤最初引进到东部，显然是在20 世纪30 年代的农场度假热潮中，西去度假的东部人回家后，便到处宣扬这种带铜铆钉的奇妙裤子。二次大战期间，蓝色牛仔裤又一次走俏，被宣布为紧要商品，只卖给从事防务工作的人。该公司在1946 年时还只有15 名销售员，两个加工厂，密西西比河以东几乎没有什么业务，而30 年后则发展成拥有2 万2 千多人的销售队伍，并在35 个国家设有50 家加工厂和办事处。每年，李维服装的销售量超过2 亿5 千多万件——其中包括8 千3 百多万条钉有铜铆钉的蓝色牛仔裤。通过市场营销，口口相传，以及显而易见的可靠性，牛仔裤已成为美国的寻常裤装。人们还可以卖到进行过水洗、褪色和缩水处理的牛仔裤，以符合无产者的形象。牛仔裤经过改造还可以供各种癖好的人使用。妇女们将裤管内缝拆开，将裤子改制成长裙；男人们将其从膝盖上方截下，变成冲浪时穿的短裤。人们还给牛仔裤缀上各式各样的装饰物。

[7] 牛仔裤已成为一种传统，在其发展过程中谱写了自己的历史——这历史如此丰富多彩，公司在旧金山建立了一座博物馆。例如：19 世纪、20 世纪之交的时候，一位列车员用一条牛仔裤代替失灵的列车挂钩；怀俄明州的一个男子用牛仔裤把汽车从沟里拖出来；加利福尼亚的一个人在一个废弃的矿井里捡到几条牛仔裤，穿上后发现这裤子已有63 年的历史，还依然像新的一样，便将其捐给史密斯学会，以表彰它的结实耐用。还有一个特别惊心动魄的故事：一个粗心的建筑工人悬挂在52 层楼上，直至获救，他的唯一支撑点就是李维牛仔裤的裤带扣，他的安全绳就扣着这裤带扣。( 孙致礼译)

注释

1 ．American 是与（draw ）no distinctions 和（recognize ）no classes 相呼应的，其意义须放在上下文中体会，如照字面译为“它们只是美国的”，则在意义上与上文失去了连贯。

2 ．for six dollars in gold dust 意为“付给价值6 美圆的砂金”。

3 ．注意that 引导的定语从句在译文中逻辑关系的调整：“因此……”。

4 ．对appropriated 一词的翻译，译者查阅了有关史实：“经查阅，戴维斯因为无钱申请专利，便要求李维出资申请，李维慨然答应。实际上，那专利权归他们俩所有。所以，这里译作“采纳”较好。”（见《中国翻译》2000/2 ，7

5 页）译者的注释给我们的启示是：词义的定夺，倚重于上下文。但这有时仍然不够充分。词汇使用的具体场景，历史、文化背景都对词义有一定的限定作用。

5 ．以上两句中各有一个状语从句（when… ）, 这体现了英语多用连接词语的形合

特征。汉译时常化为形散意合的结构。

6 ．此处的for example 不宜直译为“例如”或“馆中的展品例如”。如何措辞应考虑上下文的连贯，即如何使用恰当的词语将第一句和下文列举的事件联系起来。用“例如”似和历史的丰富多彩相连，但是中间隔了一句；用“馆中的展品例如”又和下文不合，因为接下来说的是事例而并非展品。如译为“展览的内容包括”，连贯性可能更好些。

综合英语教程2_课后翻译练习答案

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How empathy unfolds 同感是怎样表露的 1 The moment Hope, just nine months old, saw another baby fall, tears welled up in her own eyes and she crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt. And 15-month-old Michael went to get his own teddy bear for his crying friend Paul; when Paul kept crying, Michael retrieved Paul's security blanket for him. Both these small acts of sympathy and caring were observed by mothers trained to record such incidents of empathy in action. The results of the study suggest that the roots of empathy can be traced to infancy. Virtually from the day they are born infants are upset when they hear another infant crying – a response some see as the earliest precursor of empathy. 霍普才九个月大，一见到另一个婴儿摔倒，泪水就涌了出来。她爬到妈妈身边寻求安慰，就好像是她自己摔疼了。15个月大的迈克尔把自己的玩具熊拿来给正在大哭的朋友保罗；保罗不停地大哭的时候，迈克尔替保罗捡回他的安乐毯。这些小小的表示同情和关爱的举动都是接受过记录同感行为训练的母亲们观察到的。这项研究的结果表明，同感的根源可以追溯到人的婴儿期。实际上，从出生的那天起，婴儿在听到其他婴儿哭闹的时候就会感到不安——有些人认为这种反应是同感的最初先兆。 2 Developmental psychologists have found that infants feel sympathetic distress even before they fully realize that they exist apart from other people. Even a few months after birth, infants react to a disturbance in those around them as though it were their own, crying when they see another child's tears. By one year or so, they start to realize the misery is not their own but someone else's, though they still seem confused over what to do about it. In research by Martin L. Hoffman at New York University, for example, a oneyear-old brought his own mother over to comfort a crying friend, ignoring the friend's mother, who was also in the room. This confusion is seen too when one-year-olds imitate the distress of someone else, possibly to better comprehend what they are feeling; for example, if another baby hurts her fingers, a one-year-old might put her own fingers in her mouth to see if she hurts, too. On seeing his mother cry, one baby wiped his own eyes, though they had no tears. 成长心理学家发现，甚至在充分意识到自己是独立于其他人而存在之前，婴儿就感受到了同情的苦恼。甚至在出生后几个月，婴儿就会对周围人的烦躁不安做出反应，就好像他们自己的烦躁不安一样，看到别的孩子哭也跟着哭。到了一岁左右，他们开始意识到痛苦不是他们的，而是别人的，可是他们对这样的事情似乎还是感到不知所措。例如，在纽约大学的马丁·L.霍夫曼所做的一项研究中，一个一岁的孩子把自己的妈妈拉过来安慰哭闹的朋友，却忽视了同在一室的朋友的妈妈。这样的困惑在其他一岁大的孩子身上也能看到，他们模仿别的孩子的痛苦，也许是为了更好地理解他们的感受。例如，如果别的婴儿伤了手指，一个一岁大的孩子就会把自己的手指放进嘴里，看看自己是否也感觉到痛。看到自己的妈妈哭，婴儿即使没有眼泪，也会擦拭自己的眼睛。 3 Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. Titchener's theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself. He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can

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Unit 1 Someone Waiting 1. I don’t like to see people off at the railway station. 2. The company is giving a farewell party for you on Monday evening. A car will come to your hotel to pick you up at half past seven. 3. She was so excited that she couldn’t help giving me a warm embrace. 4. I never quite succeed in overcoming the sense of being out of place. 5. She glanced round the room to see who was there. 6. His big shoes look like small boats. 7. You should fold the eggs into flour instead of doing it in the opposite way. Unit 2 Football 1. He thinks that the marriage between them is no more than a business deal. 2. He used up all the money he had. 3. The young man saved your daughter from drowning. 4. She had absolutely nowhere to go, so she read some old books at home. 5. “Will I ever be as good a player as Geoff” “Perhaps, but you still have a long way to go before that day comes.” 6. He is in danger of losing his job. 7. The practice of employing children to work in factories has nearly died out in many countries. UNIT 3 The Snake Bite 1. It started raining, so she made for the nearest shelter. 2. She picked out a cap to match her dress. 3. I waited for an hour, but he didn’t show up. 4. They figured it was better to stay where they were. 5. The earthquake that struck the little island caused 23 deaths. 6. He returned home at length after being away from the village for 20 years. 7. She managed to hold on to her job while many of her colleagues lost theirs. Unit 4 He was my father 1. My teacher told me that the liquid in the bottle could remove stains from metal and china. 2. The student sitting beside me looked around the examination room with apprehension. 3. He is now out of college and lives on his own. 4. They took turns staying awake in case anything went wrong. 5. The elder daughter will probably follow in her father's footsteps, and take over the family business when she's old enough. 6. He had to get off his bike and push it up the hill.

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It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/purchase it? If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose. Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly. Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school. Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life. In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried hard to meet our minimal needs. Have scientists found proof of water on Mars? The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations for the nuclear power plant to two coastal towns. Sam not only lost his job but also both legs; he had to live on welfare for the rest of his life. A jury consisting of 12 members voted in unison that Mary was guilty. Sean felt humiliated when he hear his talent being questioned. Research shows that laughter can bring a lot of health benefits. A slow Internet connecting speed is really annoying. As the law stands, helping someone commit suicide is a crime. In her report, Mary tries to interpret the data from a completely different angle. Sue is a girl of great talent. Her amazing memory sets her apart from her classmates. It is the creativity and dedication of the workers and executives that turned the company into a profitable business. The prices of food and medicine have soared in the past three months. We plan to repaint the upper floors of he office building. His success shows that popularity and artistic merit sometimes coincide. I don’t want to see my beloved grandmother lying in a hospital bed and groaning painfully. He is a man of few words, but when it comes to playing a computer games, he is

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新世纪大学英语综合教程2课文翻译 UNIT 1 “我原谅你” 1、并非只有婚姻关系才需要宽恕。我们与子女、朋友、同事、邻居，甚至陌生人相处时同样需要宽恕。事实上，没有宽恕的氧气，任何人际关系都无从维系。宽恕并不是脾气好的人们才拥有的特质；它是所有关系的必要条件，也是自己的身心健康不可缺少的。 2、有些人可能认为，自己受伤太深、次数太多，无法宽恕。可耐人寻味的是，恰恰是被伤得最深的人，才真正需要宽恕别人，原因很简单：仇恨就像癌症，会毁掉宿主。如果不尽快铲除，它就会生根发芽，使那些执意仇恨无法释怀的人受伤甚至死亡。 3、因为事实是，除非我们能宽恕他人，否则就永远无法恢复。伤口会继续溃烂，永不愈合。中国有句古谚，“复仇者必自绝”。 4、对有些人来说，宽恕他人似乎是不可能的，因为他们根本不知从何做起。首先你要接受一个非常重要的事实：宽恕他人并不是件容易的事。事实上，对于我们大多数人来说，这也许是最难做到的。 5、被伤害的是我们，却还要宽恕他人，这似乎毫无公平可言，然而这正是宽恕的关键所在。 6、“宽恕并忘记”，这句俗话谁都会脱口而出，但实际上既简单又肤浅。一则这是绝对不可能的，二则它完全偏离了宽恕的真正含义。生活中最需要宽恕的事正是那些无法忘记的事。我们不应把这些事掩饰起来，而需记住它们，并有意不因此对做过这些事的人怀有成见，然后继续生活。 7、这就是为什么有的时候会感到：宽恕别人，一开始会相对容易些，难的是每次你看到那个人，与他谈话，甚至只是想起他之后如何控制自己的感情。真正的宽恕不是一劳永逸之举，而是持久的情感面对。 8、等待越久，宽恕就越难。实际上，时间不会愈合伤口，只会让愤懑和仇恨更长时间地吞噬你的内心。如果要等待“适当的时候”，你也许永远都找不到机会。 9、开始运用宽恕的艺术之前，你先要问自己这样一个问题：我们中有多少人在特定的场合下是完全无辜的呢？ 10、几年前，我和妻子买了一件便宜家具。最初几个月，它蒙蔽了所有人——美观、实用、人见人爱。我们认为它太适合我们家了。可时间一长，表面薄层的边角部分开始慢慢脱落。再也没有当初的效果了，不过至少它现在是以真实面目示人！事实是，不管喜欢不喜欢，在漂亮的表层下，我们都只是刨花板。因此，在我们评判别人之前，明智的做法是先在镜子里认真审视自己。我们越是审视自己，正视自己的缺点，便越愿意也越能够宽恕他人的缺点，宽恕得越多，也就越能体会到真正的满足。

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一The rumor of the divorce was nothing but a means of hype for his new movie 离婚 他孤注一掷，用父母留给他的所有钱来开一家工厂。 He took a gamble on starting a factory with all the mone y his parents had left him. After winning the important game they hoisted their captain to their shoulders in shouting triumph.（赢得那场重要的比赛后） 4) 在全球化热潮中，我们要提防不同文化的冲突 In the rush to go for globalization, we should watch out for collision of cultures. 在这种情况下In the circumstances it was not surprising that there was trouble. 6) 这婴儿非常健康。The baby is the very picture of health. 7) 人们已经意识到儿童接触有关暴力和色情电视节目的危害。 People have realized the dangers of exposing children to vio lence and sex on TV. 8) 我们始终考虑到我们是在为谁制作这部影片。(have in mind) We always had in mind for whom we were making the film.三单元 2他在中学教书，但也兼职些翻译来取外快。 He teaches in a middle school, but he does some translation work o n the side to bring extra money 3自信是件好事，但自信与自员是有区别的 it's good to be confident (about yourself), but there is a differen ce between confidence and conceit 4．只有坚持到底的人才会成功。半运而度的人永远也无法实现梦想。 Only those who stick it out can achieve success Those who give up halfway will never realize their dreams 5一个真正的英雄有勇气，有高尚的目标，而且乐于奉献 A true hero possesses/has courage, a noble purpose and a willingness to make sacrifices 6任何人只要章起这本小说读了第一段，敦会发现很难把它放下。 Anyone who picked up this novel and reads the first paragraph will be hard pressed to put it down 7从某中意义上说，生活就像游冰。如果总是扶任池边，就也学不会。 In a sense, life is like swimming. if you keep holding on to the sides of the pool, you will never learn 3一个民族的前在很大程度上取决于其数育与培训的质量 The future of a nation depends in a large measure upon the quality of education and training 二 1只有那些有过类似经历的人，オ能够完全理解这一点。 Only those who have lived through a similar experience can fully ap preciate this. 3我更特别感谢每一个在这些年来以不同方式做出了贡献的人 i'd like to express my special thanks to everyone who has contribut ed over the years in one way or another

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UNIT .1 (1)背离传统需要极大的勇气。 It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. (2)汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广总面前上台表演了。 Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. (3)很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是可取的。 Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. (4)假设那幅画确实是名作，你觉得值得购买吗？ Assuming this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy it? (5)如果这些数据统计上是站得住脚的，那他将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。 If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. UNIT.2 1)该公司否认其捐款有商业目的The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose. 2)每当她生气的时候他说话就有一点结巴Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly. 3)教育是我们家庭最看重的传统，这就是为什么我父母从不带我到昂贵的饭店吃饭却 送我到最好的私立学校上学Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school. 4)手术康复后不久他失业了因此经历了人生的又一个困难阶段Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life. 5)与我们富裕邻居相比我们的父母就相当穷了，但是他们总是努力满足我们最起码的 需求In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried to meet our minimal needs. UNIT.3 (1)科学家们找到火星上有水的证据了吗？