文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 语言学中英术语对照

语言学中英术语对照

语言学中英术语对照

GlossaryandIndex A

abbreviation缩写词,略语

Abercrombie

ablative夺格,离格

abstractness抽象性

accent重音(符)

accuracy正确性

accusative宾格

achievementtest成绩测试acousticphonetics声学语音学

acquisition习得acronym缩略语actionprocess动作过程actor动作者

addition添加addressform称呼形式addressee受话人addresser发话人adjective形容词adjunct修饰成分;附加语adverb副词

affix词缀

affixhopping词缀跳跃affixation词缀附加法affricate塞擦音agreement一致关系airstream气流

alliteration头韵allomorph词/语素变体allophone音位变体allophonicvariation音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolarridge齿龈

alveolar齿龈音

ambiguity歧义

ambiguous歧义的Americandescriptivelinguistics美国描写语言学AmericanEnglish美式英语AmericanIndianlanguages美国印第安族诸语言Americanstructuralism美国结构主义analogicalcreation类推造字

anapest抑抑扬格

anaphor前指替代

anaphoricreference前指照应

Anderson Animalcommunicationsystem动物交际系统

animate有生命的

annotation注解

antecedent先行词;前在词anthropological人类学的anthropologicallinguistics人类语言学anticipatorycoarticulation逆化协同发音antonomasia换称;代类名

antonym反义词

antonymy反义(关系)

appellative称谓性appliedlinguistics应用语言学appliedsociolinguistics应用社会语言学

appropriacy适宜性appropriateness适宜性;得体性approximant无摩擦延续音Apteaptitudetest素质测试Arabic阿拉伯语

arbitrariness任意性

argument中项;中词;主目article冠词

articulation发音

articulator发音器官articulatoryphonetics发音语音学artificialspeech人工言语

aspect体

aspirated吐气;送气

assimilation同化

associative联想

associativemeaning联想意义

assonance准压韵;半谐音

Atkinson,A.M.

attributive属性;修饰语;定语auditoryphonetics听觉语音学

Austin,JohnLangshawauthenticinput真实投入authorialstyle权威风格authoringprogram编程

autonomy自主性

auxiliary助词

盪血里赵uJSi|enSui|!q

互库@赵uoijisoddo|ejaje|iq

昙leseu|eiqe|iq

昙国赵leiqenq

X王弘马lusunoiAeqaq

葩耳¥马ssaDOjd|ejnolAeqaq jaAe M^q 切皋吧晋JuouodiuoDasequoijeujJo^Deq

aSejsSui|qqeq

a

q」“人」ei|ixne binarydivision二分法

binaryfeature二分特征binarytaxonomy二分分类学binding制约

bindingtheory制约论BlackEnglish黑人英语

blade舌叶;舌面前部blankverse

无韵诗blending混成法

borrowing借用;借词boundmorpheme粘着语素

boundingtheory管辖论bracketing括号法brevitymaxim简洁准则bridging架接BritishEnglish英式英语broadtranscription宽式音标broadening词义扩大Browncorpus布朗语料库calculability可计算性calque仿造;仿造词语cancellability可删除cardinalnumeral基数

cardinalvowel基本元音

case格

casegrammar格语法casetheory格理论

category范畴categoricalcomponent范畴成分

causative使役的;使投动词

CD-I,compactdisk-interactive交互式激光视盘center中心词

centraldeterminer中心限定词chainrelation链状关系

chainsystem链状系统

Chinese汉语

choice选择

choicesystem选择系统

circumstance环境因子

class词类

classshift词性变换

clause小句;从句

click吸气音;咂音

clipping截断法

closedclass封闭类

closedsyllable闭音节

cluster音丛

coarticulation协同发音

coda结尾音节;符尾

code语码;信码cognitivepsycholinguistics认知心理语言学cognitivepsychology认知心理学

cognitivesystem认知系统coherence相关;关联cohension衔接

co-hyponym同下义词colligation类连结collocativemeaning搭配意义colorword色彩词colorwordsystem色彩词系统command指令commoncore共核commonnoun普通名词

communication交际communicativecompetence交际能力communicativedynamism,CD交际性动力communicativelanguageteaching,CLT交际语言教学法communicativeSentencePattern,CSP交际性句子模式communicativesyllabus交际教学大纲communicativetest交际性测试

communicative-grammaticalapproach交际-语法教学法compactdisk激光盘

COMPACTDISD-READONLYMEMORY,CD-ROM激光视盘comparativedegree比较级

competence能力

complement补语complementaryantonym互补反义词complementaryantonymy互补反义关系complementarydistribution互补分布complexpredicate复合谓语component成分componentialanalysis成分分析compositeproposition复合命题compositionality复合性

compound复合词;复合句

comprehension理解

computation计算computationallinguistics计算语言学computationalsystem计算系统

computer计算机;电脑

computer-assistedlearning,CAL计算机辅助学习computercorpus计算机语料库computerhardware计算机硬件computerliteracy计算机操作能力computernetworks计算机网络computersystem计算机系统

computer-assistedinstruction,CAI计算机辅助教学computer-assistedlearning,CALL计算机辅助语言学习conative意动的

concept概念

conceptualmeaning概念意

concord一致(关系)

concordance共现关系

concretenoun具体名词

concurrent同时发生的

conjugation词形变化

conjunct连接副词

conjunction连接词conjunctionbuttressing连接词支撑connotation内涵

consequent跟随成分consonance辅音韵

consonant辅音constantopposition不变对立constative表述的constituentcommand成分指令

constituentproposition成分命题constituentstructureanalysis成分结构分析constituent成分

construct编制

constructvalidity编制效度

construction构建

constructivism构建主义

contact接触

contentanalysis内容分析contentvalidity内容效度

contentword实义词

自然语言处理及计算语言学相关术语中英对译表

自然语言处理及计算语言学相关术语中英对译表 abbreviation 缩写[省略语] ablative 夺格(的) abrupt 突发音 accent 口音/{Phonetics}重音 accusative 受格(的) acoustic phonetics 声学语音学 acquisition 习得 action verb 动作动词 active 主动语态 active chart parser 活动图句法剖析程序 active knowledge 主动知识 active verb 主动动词 actor-action-goal 施事(者)-动作-目标 actualization 实现(化) acute 锐音 address 地址{信息科学}/称呼(语){语言学} adequacy 妥善性 adjacency pair 邻对 adjective 形容词 adjunct 附加语[附加修饰语] adjunction 加接 adverb 副词 adverbial idiom 副词词组 affective 影响的 affirmative 肯定(的;式) affix 词缀 affixation 加缀 affricate 塞擦音 agent 施事 agentive-action verb 施事动作动词 agglutinative 胶着(性) agreement 对谐 AI (artificial intelligence) 人工智能[人工智能] AI language 人工智能语言[人工智能语言] Algebraic Linguistics 代数语言学 algorithm 算法[算法] alienable 可分割的 alignment 对照[多国语言文章词;词组;句子翻译的] allo- 同位- allomorph 同位语素 allophone 同位音位 alpha notation alpha 标记

胡壮麟语言学教程(修订版)一至三单元课后名词解释中英对照

语言学教程chapter1-3 1.design feature: are features that define our human languages,such as arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,etc. 本质特征:决定了我们语言性质的特征。如任意性、二重性、创造性、移位性等等。 2.function: the use of language to communicate,to think ,https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5a19338924.html,nguage functions inclucle imformative function,interpersonal function,performative function, emotive function,phatic communion,recreational function and metalingual function. 功能:运用语言进行交流、思考等等。语言的功能包括信息功能、人际功能、施为功能、感情功能。3.etic: a term in contrast with emi c which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.Being etic means making far too many, as well as behaviously inconsequential,differentiations,just as was ofter the case with phonetic vx.phonemic analysis in linguistics proper. 非位的:相对于“位学的”源于美国语言学家派克对于语音学和音位学的区分。 4.emic: a term in contrast with etic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.An emic set of speech acts and events must be one that is validated as meaningful via final resource to the native members of a speech communith rather than via a ppeal to the investigator’s ingenuith or intuition alone. 位学的:相对于“非位的”源于美国语言学家派克对于语音学和音位学的区分。言语行为和事件中的位学系统必须是有效而有意义的,是通过言语社会中的本族语者而不仅仅是调查者的聪明和直觉获得的。5.synchronic: a kind of description which takes a fixed instant(usually,but not necessarily,the present),as its point of observation.Most grammars are of this kind. 共时:以一个固定的时间(通常,但非必须,是现在)为它的观察角度的描写。大多数的语法书属于此类型。 6.diachronic:study of a language is carried through the course of its history. 历时:在语言的历史过程中研究语言。 7.prescriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are prescribed how ought to be,https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5a19338924.html,ying down rules for language use. 规定式:规定事情应该是怎样的。如制定语言运用规则。 8.descriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are just described. 描写式:描述事情是怎样的。 9.arbitrariness: one design feature of human language,which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. 任意性:人类语言的本质特征之一。它指语言符号的形式与意义之间没有自然的联系。 10.duality: one design feature of human language,which refers to the property of having two levels of are composed of elements of the secondary.level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. 二重性:人类语言的本质特征之一。拥有两层结构的这种特性,底层结构是上层结构的组成成分,每层都有自身的组合规则。 11.displacement: one design feature of human language,which means human language enable their users to symbolize objects,events and concepts which are not present (in time and space),at the moment of communication.

语用学术语英汉对照

语用学术语英汉对照adaptability顺应性(1.2.2) affective mutuality情感共享(4.5.3) agreement maxim一致准则(2.2.1) anaphora前照应(6.1.1) anaphoric use前照应用法(6.1.1) approbation maxim赞誉准则(3.2.4) appropriate conditions合适条件(3.2.4)assertives断言类(以言行事)(3.2.3) behabitives表态类以言行事(3.2.1) calculability(含意的)可推导性(4.4.2) calendric time units历法时间单位(6.1.3)cancellability(含意的)可取消性(4.4.2) change-of-state verbs状态变化动词(6.2.4) code model代码(交际)模式(2.1.1) cognitive environment认知环境(5.2) cognitive mutuality认知共享(4.5.3) cognitive pragmatics认知语用学(1.5)collaborative performatives协作性施为句(3.2.1) commissives承诺类(以言行事)(3.2.1) common knowledge共知(5.2) communicative competence交际能力(7.1)communicative intention交际意图(1.3.2)communicative language ability语言交际能力(7.1)constatives表述句(3.2.1) context语境(1.1) context of situation情景语境(5)

(完整版)语言学专业词汇中英文对照版

语言学术语(英-汉对照)表 A abbreviation 缩写词,略语ablative 夺格,离格 accent 重音(符) accusative 宾格 achievement test 成绩测试acoustic phonetics 声学语音学acquisition 习得 acronym 缩略语 action process 动作过程 actor 动作者 address form 称呼形式addressee 受话人 addresser 发话人 adjective 形容词 adjunct 修饰成分附加语 adverb 副词 affix 词缀 affixation词缀附加法 affricate 塞擦音 agreement 一致关系 airstream 气流 alliteration 头韵 allomorph 词/语素变体 allophone 音位变体 allophonic variation 音位变体allophony音位变体现象 alveolar ridge 齿龈 alveolar 齿龈音 ambiguity 歧义 analogical creation 类推造字anapest 抑抑扬格 anaphor 前指替代 anaphoric reference 前指照应animate 有生命的 annotation 注解 antecedent 先行词前在词anthropological linguistics 人类语言学 anticipatory coarticulation 逆化协同发音 antonomasia 换称代类名antonym 反义词 antonymy 反义(关系) appellative 称谓性 applied linguistics 应用语言学applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语言学 appropriacy 适宜性appropriateness 适宜性得体性 approximant 无摩擦延续音 aptitude test 素质测试 Arabic 阿拉伯语 arbitrariness 任意性 argument 中项中词主目 article 冠词 articulation 发音 articulator 发音器官 articulatory phonetics 发音语音学 artificial speech 人工言语 aspect 体 aspirated 吐气送气 assimilation 同化 associative 联想 associative meaning 联想意义 assonance 准压韵半谐音 attributive 属性修饰语定语 auditory phonetics 听觉语音学 authentic input 真实投入 authorial style 权威风格 authoring program 编程 autonomy 自主性 auxiliary 助词 auxiliary verb 助动词 B babbling stage 婴儿语阶段 back-formation 逆构词法 base component 基础部分 behavioural process 行为过程 behaviourism 行为主义 bilabial 双唇音 bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音 bilateral opposition 双边对立 bilingualism 双语现象 binary division 二分法 binary feature 二分特征 binary taxonomy 二分分类学 binding 制约 binding theory 制约论 blade 舌叶舌面前部 blank verse 无韵诗 blending 混成法 borrowing 借用借词 bound morpheme 粘着语素 bounding theory 管辖论 bracketing 括号法 brevity maxim 简洁准则 bridging 架接 broad transcription 宽式音标 broadening 词义扩大 Brown corpus 布朗语料库 C calculability 可计算性 calque 仿造仿造词语 cancellability 可删除 cardinal numeral 基数 cardinal vowel 基本元音 case 格 case grammar格语法 case theory格理论 category 范畴 categorical component 范畴成分 causative 使役的使投动词 center 中心词 central determiner 中心限定词 chain relation 链状关系 chain system 链状系统 choice 选择 choice system 选择系统 circumstance 环境因子 class 词类 class shift 词性变换 clause 小句从句 click 吸气音咂音 clipping 截断法 closed class 封闭类 closed syllable 闭音节 cluster 音丛 coarticulation 协同发音 coda 结尾音节符尾 code 语码信码 cognitive psychology 认知心理学 cognitive system 认知系统 coherence 相关关联 cohension 衔接 co-hyponym 同下义词 colligation 类连结 collocative meaning 搭配意义 color word 色彩词 color word system 色彩词系统 command 指令 common core 共核 common noun 普通名词 communication 交际 communicative competence 交际能 力 communicative dynamism, CD 交际 性动力 communicative language teaching, CLT

语言学中英术语对照

语言学中英术语对照 GlossaryandIndex A abbreviation缩写词,略语 Abercrombie ablative夺格,离格 abstractness抽象性 accent重音(符) accuracy正确性 accusative宾格 achievementtest成绩测试acousticphonetics声学语音学

acquisition习得acronym缩略语actionprocess动作过程actor动作者 addition添加addressform称呼形式addressee受话人addresser发话人adjective形容词adjunct修饰成分;附加语adverb副词 affix词缀

affixhopping词缀跳跃affixation词缀附加法affricate塞擦音agreement一致关系airstream气流 alliteration头韵allomorph词/语素变体allophone音位变体allophonicvariation音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolarridge齿龈 alveolar齿龈音

ambiguity歧义 ambiguous歧义的Americandescriptivelinguistics美国描写语言学AmericanEnglish美式英语AmericanIndianlanguages美国印第安族诸语言Americanstructuralism美国结构主义analogicalcreation类推造字 anapest抑抑扬格 anaphor前指替代 anaphoricreference前指照应 Anderson Animalcommunicationsystem动物交际系统

语言学术语英汉对照

语言学术语英汉对照——考@翻译硕士唯一认准@鬼谷一喵 第一章 phonology音系学 grammar语法学 morphology形态学 syntax句法学 lexicology词汇学 general linguistics普通语言学 theoretical linguistics理论语言学historical linguistics历史语言学descriptive linguistics描写语言学empirical linguistics经验语言学dialectology方言学 anthropology人类学 stylistics文体学 signifier能指 signified所指 morphs形素 morphotactics语素结构学/形态配列学syntactic categories句法范畴 syntactic classes句法类别序列 sub-structure低层结构 super-structure上层结构 open syllable开音节 closed syllable闭音节 checked syllable成阻音节 rank 等级 level层次 ding-dong theory/nativistic theory本能论sing-song theory唱歌说 yo-he-ho theory劳动喊声说 pooh-pooh theory感叹说 ta-ta theory模仿说 animal cry theory/bow-wow theory模声说Prague school布拉格学派 Bilateral opposition双边对立 Mutilateral opposition多边对立Proportional opposition部分对立 Isolated opposition孤立对立 Private opposition表缺对立 Graded opposition渐次对立 Equipollent opposition均等对立Neutralizable opposition可中立对立Constant opposition恒定对立 Systemic-functional grammar系统功能语法Meaning potential意义潜势Conversational implicature会话含义Deictics指示词Presupposition预设 Speech acts言语行为 Discourse analysis话语分析Contetualism语境论 Phatic communion寒暄交谈Metalanguage原语言 Applied linguistics应用语言学Nominalism唯名学派 Psychosomatics身学 第二章 trachea/windpipe气管 tip舌尖 blade舌叶/舌面 front舌前部 center舌中部 top舌顶 back舌后部 dorsum舌背 root舌跟 pharynx喉/咽腔 laryngeals喉音 laryngealization喉化音 vocal cords声带 vocal tract声腔 initiator启动部分 pulmonic airstream mechanism肺气流机制glottalic airstream mechanism喉气流机制velaric airstream mechanism腭气流机制Adam’s apple喉结 Voiceless sound清音 Voiceless consonant请辅音 Voiced sound浊音 Voiced consonant浊辅音 Glottal stop喉塞音 Breath state呼吸状态 Voice state带音状态 Whisper state耳语状态 Closed state封闭状态 Alveolar ride齿龈隆骨 Dorsum舌背 Ejective呼气音 Glottalised stop喉塞音 Impossive内爆破音 Click/ingressive吸气音 Segmental phonology音段音系学Segmental phonemes音段音位Suprasegmental超音段

中英语言学术语的对比与翻译

中英语言学术语的对比与翻译 随着全球化的不断加深,语言交流变得越来越重要。中英两国 的语言交流也变得越来越频繁。在交流中,不同的语言学术语会 成为一个通行的桥梁。但是,中英两国的语言学术语有很大的差异,这就需要翻译者具备一定的跨文化交际能力和语言翻译能力。下面将针对中英两国的语言学术语做一个对比分析和翻译探讨。 一、词汇的差异 1. 语音学 语音学是语言学的一个分支。在中文中,语音学的翻译为“音 韵学”,而在英文中则为“phonetics”。虽然中英两种语言对应的词 汇不同,但是在语音学研究中,中英两国学者所研究的问题是相 似的,比如音素、音位论、声调、语音表征等。 2. 语法学 在中文中,语法学的翻译为“语法学”,而在英文中则为“grammar”。中英两种语言对应的词汇不同,但是在语法学研究中,中英两国学者所研究的问题也是相似的,比如句法、词法、语义等。 3. 语义学

在中文中,语义学的翻译为“意义学”,而在英文中则为“semantics”。虽然中英两种语言对应的词汇不同,但是在语义学 研究中,中英两国学者所研究的问题是相似的,比如词义、句义、篇章意义等。 二、翻译实践中的问题 1. 文化差异 中英两国的文化差异会影响到语言的使用,也影响到语言学术 语的使用。比如中文中有“词性”这个概念,而在英文中则称为“part of speech”。这种对应的关系,就需要翻译者了解不同文化的 背景和语言表达方式,才能掌握对应的翻译方法。 2. 术语学习 翻译者需要掌握中英两种语言的语言学术语,这就需要他们进 行系统的学习和研究。同时,还需要加强对语言变化和演化的理 解和掌握,以便更好地进行翻译。 3. 翻译方法 中英两国的语言学术语差异较大,翻译者需要掌握不同的翻译 方法。比如,有些中文术语不能直接翻译成英语,需要通过解释 和举例说明,来达到英语的表达效果。此外,还需要运用不同的 翻译技巧和策略,在确保语言准确性和通顺流畅的前提下,使翻 译更加贴近实际应用。

语言学英汉术语对比

1. 语言的普遍特征: 任意性arbitrariness 双层构造duality 既由声音和意义构造 多产性productivity 移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西 文化传播性cultural transmission 2。语言的功能: 传达信息功能informative 人济功能:interpersonal 行事功能:Performative 表情功能:Emotive 应酬功能:Phatic 娱乐功能recreatinal 元语言功能metalingual 3. 语言学linguistics:包括六个分支 语音学Phonetics 音位学phonology 形态学Morphology 句法学syntax 语义学semantics 语用学pragmatics 4. 现代构造主义语言学创始人:Ferdinand de saussure 提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一:语言与言语language and parole ,语言之语言系统的整体,言语那么只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语 5. 语法创始人:Noam Chomsky 提出概念语言能力与语言运用petence and performance 1. Which of the following statements can be used to describe displacement. one of the unique properties of language: a. we can easily teach our children to learn a certain language b. we can use both 'shu' and 'tree' to describe the same thing. c. we can u se language to refer to something not present d. we can produce sentences that have never been heard befor e. 2.What is the most important function of language? a. interpersonal b. phatic c. informative d.metallingual 3.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it ?"is __ a informative b. phatic c. directive d. performative 4.The distinction between petence and performance is proposed by __ a saussure

语言学重要概念梳理(中英文对照版)

第一节语言的本质 一、语言的普遍特征(Design Features) 1.任意性 Arbitratriness:shu 和Tree都能表示“树”这一概念;同样的 声音,各国不同的表达方式 2.双层结构Duality:语言由声音结构和意义结构组成(the structure of sounds and meaning) 3.多产性productive: 语言可以理解并创造无限数量的新句子,是由双层 结构造成的结果(Understand and create unlimited number with sentences) 4.移位性 Displacemennt:可以表达许多不在场的东西,如过去的经历、将 来可能发生的事情,或者表达根本不存在的东西等 5.文化传播性 Cultural Transmission:语言需要后天在特定文化环境中 掌握 二、语言的功能(Functions of Language) 1.传达信息功能 Informative:最主要功能The main function 2.人际功能 Interpersonal:人类在社会中建立并维持各自地位的功能 establish and maintain their identity 3.行事功能 performative:现实应用——判刑、咒语、为船命名等Judge, naming,and curses 4.表情功能 Emotive Function:表达强烈情感的语言,如感叹词/句 exclamatory expressions 5.寒暄功能 Phatic Communion:应酬话phatic language,比如“吃了没?” “天儿真好啊!”等等 6.元语言功能 Metalingual Function:用语言来谈论、改变语言本身,如 book可以指现实中的书也可以用“book这个词来表达作为语言单位的 “书” 三、语言学的分支 1. 核心语言学 Core linguistic 1)语音学 Phonetics:关注语音的产生、传播和接受过程,着重考察人类语 言中的单音。Its main focus is on the articulation, transmission and reception of human sounds, especially isolated sounds 2)音位学Phonology:从功能的角度出发对出现在某种特定语言中的语音及其 组合、分布规律进行研究的语言学分支。The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns from function perspective. 3)形态学 Morphology:研究单词的内部构造the internal structure of words 4)句法学 Syntax:研究组词造句的规则the rules governing the combination of words into sentences.

语言学术语中英对照

语言学术语中英对照 writing system书写系统 word order 词序 word segmentation分词 word set 词集word segmentation unit 分词单位/切词单位 word segmentation standard for Chinese 中文分词规范 voice recognition 声音辨识/语音识别 vowel 元音 vowel harmony 元音和谐verb 动词verb phrase 动词组/动词短语 verb recitative compound 动补复合词verbal association 词语联想 oracle bone inscriptions甲骨文 verbal phrase 动词组verbal production 言语生成vernacular 本地话 V-O construction (verb-object) 动宾结构accent 口音/{Phonetics}重音 Universal Grammar 普遍性语法transformation 变形[转换] Transformational Grammar 变形语法/转换语法nested structure 崁套结构text understanding 文本理解abbreviation 缩写/省略语 text analyzing 文本分析 text coherence 文本一致性synonym同义词syntactic category 句法类别syntactic constituent 句法成分 syntactic rule 语法规律/句法规则 structural transfer 结构转换 structuralism 结构主义 stem 词干 stop 爆破音 social context 社会环境 simple word 单纯词situation 情境 sememe 义素 phoneme 音素 punctuation 标点符号 part of speech (POS) 词类 particle 语助词 phrase 词组/短语phonemic stratum 音素层 rhetorical structure 修辞结构 rhetoric 修辞学proper name 专有名词polysemy 多义性 postposition 方位词 negative sentence 否定句 multilingual translation 多语翻译 Morphology 构词学 Montague Grammar 蒙泰究语法/蒙塔格语法 mood 语气morpheme 词素 morphological affix 构词词缀 modal 情态词 modal auxiliary 情态助动词 modal logic 情态逻辑 modifier 修饰语 metaphor 隐喻M-D (modifier-head) construction 偏正结构locution 惯用语 linguistic unit 语言单位 loan 外来语 lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义 lexical category 词类 LAD (language acquisition device) 语言习得装置 language acquisition 语言习得intonation 语调interlingua 中介语言interlingual 中介语(的)innateness position 语法天生假说 inflection/inflexion 屈折变化 inflectional affix 屈折词缀 indirect object 间接宾语 immediate constituent 直接成份 imperative 祈使句 homograph 同形异义词homonym 同音异义词homophone 同音词 homophony 同音异义 free morpheme 自由语素 duration 音长{语音学}/时段{语法学/语义学} disambiguation 消除歧义/歧义消除discourse 篇章 complement 补语checked 受阻的antonym 反义词apposition 同位语 ambiguity 歧义ambiguity resolution 歧义消解 affirmative 肯定(的;式) 对外汉语术语中英对照 音节syllable 字母alphabet 语言中的歧异现象ambiguity 发音pronunciation 广东话Cantonese 辅音consonant 声调tone 韵律rhyme 声调语言tone language 押韵(v)rhyme 节奏rhythm 语调intonation 语音speech of sound 词汇lexicon 语法grammar 语素morpheme 构词法word-building/-formation 形态变化morphological change 音位phoneme

语言学专业词汇中英文对照版

语言学术语(英-汉对照)表appropriateness适宜性得体性broadening词义扩大Aapproximant无摩擦延续音Browncorpus布朗语料库 abbreviation缩写词,略语aptitudetest素质测试C ablative夺格,离格Arabic阿拉伯语calculability可计算性 accent重音(符)arbitrariness任意性calque仿造仿造词语 accusative宾格argument中项中词主目cancellability可删除 achievementtest成绩测试article冠词cardinalnumeral基数 acousticphonetics声学语音学articulation发音cardinalvowel基本元音 acquisition习得articulator发音器官case格 acronym缩略语articulatoryphonetics发音语音学casegrammar格语法 actionprocess动作过程artificialspeech人工言语casetheory格理论 actor动作者aspect体category范畴 addressform称呼形式aspirated吐气送气categoricalcomponent范畴成分 addressee受话人assimilation同化causative使役的使投动词 addresser发话人associative联想center中心词 adjective形容词associativemeaning联想意义centraldeterminer中心限定词 adjunct修饰成分附加语assonance准压韵半谐音chainrelation链状关系 adverb副词attributive属性修饰语定语chainsystem链状系统 affix词缀auditoryphonetics听觉语音学choice选择 affixation词缀附加法authenticinput真实投入choicesystem选择系统 affricate塞擦音authorialstyle权威风格circumstance环境因子 agreement一致关系authoringprogram编程class词类 airstream气流autonomy自主性classshift词性变换 alliteration头韵auxiliary助词clause小句从句 allomorph词/语素变体auxiliaryverb助动词click吸气音咂音 allophone音位变体Bclipping截断法 allophonicvariation音位变体babblingstage婴儿语阶段closedclass封闭类 allophony音位变体现象back-formation逆构词法closedsyllable闭音节 alveolarridge齿龈basecomponent基础部分cluster音丛 alveolar齿龈音behaviouralprocess行为过程coarticulation协同发音 ambiguity歧义behaviourism行为主义coda结尾音节符尾 analogicalcreation类推造字bilabial双唇音code语码信码 anapest抑抑扬格bilabialnasal双唇鼻音cognitivepsychology认知心理学 anaphor前指替代bilateralopposition双边对立cognitivesystem认知系统anaphoricreference前指照应bilingualism双语现象coherence相关关联 animate有生命的binarydivision二分法cohension衔接 annotation注解binaryfeature二分特征co-hyponym同下义词 antecedent先行词前在词binarytaxonomy二分分类学colligation类连结anthropologicallinguistics人类语言binding制约collocativemeaning搭配意义 学bindingtheory制约论colorword色彩词 anticipatorycoarticulation逆化协同blade舌叶舌面前部colorwordsystem色彩词系统 发音blankverse无韵诗command指令 antonomasia换称代类名blending混成法commoncore共核 antonym反义词borrowing借用借词commonnoun普通名词 antonymy反义(关系)boundmorpheme粘着语素communication交际 appellative称谓性boundingtheory管辖论communicativecompetence交际能appliedlinguistics应用语言学bracketing括号法 力appliedsociolinguistics应用社会语brevitymaxim简洁准则communicativedynamism,CD交际言学bridging架接

语言学常用术语英汉对照表

语言学常用术语英汉对照表Chapter 1 Introduction to Linguistics语言学简介 1、anthropological linguistics 人类语言学 2、applied linguistics应用语言学 3、arbitrariness任意性 4、petence 语言能力 5、putational linguistics计算机语言学 6、cultural transmission 文化传递性 7、descriptive(grammar) 描写(语法) 8、descriptive function描写功能 9、design features识别特征 10、diachronic linguistics历时语言学 11、duality二重性 12、displacement不受时空限制得特征 13、emotive function表情功能 14、expressivefunction表达功能 15、general linguisitcs 普通语言学 16、ideational function概念功能 17、interpersonal function人际功能 18、langue语言 19、linguistics [liŋ'gwistiks] 语言学 20、morphology 形态学 21、mathematical linguistics 数理语言学 22、metalinguistic function 23、neurologicallinguistics 神经语言学 24、phonetics语音学 25、phonology 音系学 26、pragmatics 语用学 27、prescriptive(grammar)规定(语法) 28、psycholinguistics心理语言学 29、parole言语 30、performance语言运用 31、productivity能产性 32、poetic function诗学功能 33、phatic munion 交感性谈话 34、referential function所指功能 35、semantics语义学 36、social function社会功能 37、socio-linguistics 社会语言学 38、synchroniclinguistics共时语言学 39、syntax句法学

《语言学》术语及英文解释

《语言学》术语及英文解释 Define the following terms: 1.design feature:are features that define our human languages,such as arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,etc. 2. function: the use of language to communicate,to think ,https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5a19338924.html,nguage functions inclucle imformative function,interpersonal function,performative function,interpersonal function,performative function,emotive function,phatic communion,recreational function and metalingual function. 3. etic: a term in contrast with emic which o riginates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.Being etic mans making far too many, as well as behaviously inconsequential,differentiations,just as was ofter the case with phonetic vx.phonemic analysis in linguistics proper. 4. emic: a term in contrast with etic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.An emic set of speech acts and events must be one that is validated as meaningful via final resource to the native members of a speech communith rather than via qppeal to the investigator’s ingenui th or intuition alone. 5. synchronic: a kind of description which takes a fixed instant(usually,but not necessarily,the present),as its point of observation.Most grammars are of this kind. 6. diachronic:study of a language is carried through the course of its history. 7. prescriptive: the study of a language is carried through the course of its history. 8. prescriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are prescribed how ought to be,https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5a19338924.html,ying down rules for language use. 9. descriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are just described. 10. arbitrariness: one design feature of human language,which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. 11. duality: one design feature of human language,which refers to the property of having two levels of are composed of elements of the secondary.level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. 12. displacement: one design feature of human language,which means human language enable their users to symbolize objects,events and concepts which are not present c in time and space,at the moment of communication. 13. phatic communion: one function of human language,which refers to the social interaction of language. 14. metalanguage: certain kinds of linguistic signs or terms for the analysis and description of particular studies. 15. macrolinguistics: he interacting study between language and language-related disciplines such as psychology,sociology,ethnograph,science of law and artificial intelligence etc.Branches of macrolinguistics include psycholinguistics,sociolinguistics, anthropological linguistics,et 16. competence: language user’s underlying knowledge abou t the system of rules. 17. performance: the actual use of language in concrete situation. 18. langue: the linguistic competence of the speaker. 19. parole: the actual phenomena or data of linguistics(utterances). 20.Articulatory phonetics: the study of production of speechsounds. 21. Coarticulation: a kind of phonetic process in which simultaneous or overlapping articulations are involved..Coarticulation can be further divided into anticipatory coarticulation and perseverative coarticulation. 22. V oicing: pronouncing a sound (usually a vowel or a voiced consonant) by vibrating the vocal cords. 23.Broad and narrow transcription: the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription;the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription;while,the use of more specific symbols to show more phonetic detail is referred to as narrow transcription. 24.Consonant: are sound segments produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert,impede,or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档