美国文学
1.The Traditional Literature of the American Indians（17世纪中期以前）Three Stages：Traditional Stage；Transitional stage; Modern Stage
2．Literature of Colonial Settlements(16世纪末-17世纪中)
John Smith——first author in the history of American Literature
a) True Relation of Virginia(1608) 《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》the first book
b) A Map of Virginia with A Description of The County (1612)
The Literature around the Revolution of Independence(17世纪中期-18世纪末)
1.Benjamin Franklin
a)Poor Richard’s Almanac《穷查理历书》
b)The Autobiography《自传》——self-improvement
2．Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩——political pamphleteer; rhetorician（修辞学家）
a) Common Sense 《常识》
b) The American Crisis《美国危机》——series of 16 pamphlets
c) Rights of Men《人的权利》
d）The Age of Reason《理性的时代》
3．Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺——poet of the American revolution; The most outstanding poet in American of the 18th century satirist, polemicist(辩论家)
a) The British Prison Ship 《英国囚船》
b) The Rising Glory of America《美国的荣耀蒸蒸日上》
c) The Indian Burying Ground《印第安人殡葬礼》
d) The Wild Honey Suckle《野金银花》
3．American Romanticism（18世纪末——19世纪中后期）
1.Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文——The first prose stylist of American Romanticism；
The first American achieve international literary reputation；“Father of American Literature”
a) A History of New York《纽约史》
b) The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷的传说》
c) The Sketch Book《见闻札记》——beginning of the American Romantic ism；first work won financial success
d) Rip Van Winkle 《瑞普·凡·温克尔》——social conservation
e) Tales of a Traveler《旅行者的故事》
f) The Alhambra《阿尔罕伯拉》
2．James Fenimore Copper 詹姆斯·菲尼摩尔·库珀
Three kinds of novels：novels about the revolutionary past, sea novels, and the American frontier novels.
a) The Spy《间谍》
b) The Pilot《领航者》
c)The Pioneer《拓荒者》——The first true romance of the frontier in American Literature
d) The Last of the Mohicans《最后的莫西干人》
e) The Prairie 《大草原》
f) The Pathfinder《探路者》
e) The Deerslayer《杀鹿者》
3．Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利·沃慈沃斯·朗费罗——first American poet to be honored in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey
a) Voices of the Night 《夜莺》
b) A Psalm f Life 《人生礼赞》
4. William Cullen Bryant 威廉·科伦·布莱恩特——first America’s earliest naturalist poets. American self-consciousness.
a) The Fountain 《泉》
b) The White-Footed Deer《白蹄鹿》
c) A Forest Hymn 《森林赋》
d) The Flood of Years 《似水流年》
e) Thanatopsis 《死亡随想》
5．Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生
a) Nature 《论自然》——manifesto of American transcendentalism
b)The American Scholar 《美国学者》——“American’s Declaration of Intellectual Independence”
c) Self-reliance《论自立》
d) The Transcendentalism 《超验主义者》
e) Divinity School Address《神学院演说》
6．Henry David Thoreau ——亨利·大卫·梭罗
a) Walden《瓦尔登湖》——harmony with Nature
b) Civil Disobedience《论市民之不服从》
7．Edger Allan Poe 埃德加·艾伦·坡——Father of American detective stories
a) Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque《怪诞奇异故事集》——His first collection of short stories.
b) The Fall of The House《厄舍古屋的倒塌》
c) The Raven《乌鸦》
d) To Helen《致海伦》
8. Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳赛尼尔·霍桑
The most ambivalent（有矛盾心理的）writer in the American literature history
a) Mosses from an Old Manse《古屋青苔》
b) The Scarlet Letter《红字》
c) The House of the Seven Gables《有七个尖角阁的房子》
d) The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》
e) The Marble Faun《玉石雕像》
9．Herman Melville 赫尔曼·迈尔维尔
a) Moby Dick《白鲸》——the first American prose epic
b) Typee《泰比》
10．Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼
a) Leaves of Grass《草叶集》——marked the end of American Romanticism
b) Song of myself 《自我之歌》
11．Emily Dickinson 艾米莉·狄金森
a) This is My Letter to the World《这是我给世界的一封信》
b) I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died《我死时听到一只苍蝇叫》
4．American Romanticism （19世纪中期——20世纪初期）
“Golden Age”——“Gilded Age”
1. Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈里特·比彻·斯托
a) Uncle Tom’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》
2. William Dean Howells 威廉·迪恩·豪威尔斯
a)The Rise of Silas Lapham《塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹》——a fine example of the American realism novels
b) A Modern Instance《一个现代的例证》
c) A Hazard of New Fortunes《新财富的危害》三部小说
3. Mark Twain——The first literary giant；“The true father of our national literature”
a) The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County《卡拉维拉斯县有名的跳蛙》
b) The Innocents Abroad《傻瓜出国记》
c) The Gilded Age《镀金时代》
d) The Adventure of Tom Sayers《汤姆·索亚历险记》
e) The Prince and the Pauper 《王子与贫儿》
f) The adventure of Huckleberry Finn《哈利贝恩·费恩历险记》——Hemingway described as“all modern American literature comes”
4．O·Henry 欧·亨利
a) The Cop and the Anthems 《警察和赞美诗》
5. Henry James——The founder of psychological realism
a) Daisy Miller《黛西·米勒》——an outrage to American girlhood
b) The Ambassadors《大使们》
c) The Portrait of A Lady 《贵妇人画像》
d) The Wings of Doves《鸽翼》
6. Jack London
a) The Son of the Wolf《狼之子》
b) The Call of the Wild《野性的呼唤》
c) White Fang《白獠牙》
d) Martin Eden《马丁·伊登》——put most of himself
e) The Sea Wolf《海狼》
7. Theodore Dreiser 西奥多·德莱赛
a) Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》
b) Jennie Gerhardt《珍妮姑娘》
c) Trilogy of Desire《欲望三部曲》
d) The Financier《金融家》
e) The“Genius”《天才》
f) An American Tragedy《美国悲剧》——his greatest book
8．Sherwood Anderson舍伍德·安德森
a) Winesburg, Ohio《俄亥俄州瓦恩斯堡镇》——a collection of 12 interrelated stories of small-town life.
9. Stephen Crane 斯蒂芬·克兰——The pioneer who wrote in the naturalistic tradition。
a)The Red Badge of Courage《红色英雄勋章》
b) Maggie: A Girl of the Streets《街头女郎梅姬》
5．American Modernism（29世纪初——Now）
A．现代诗歌（Modern Poetry）
1．Ezra Pound艾慈拉·庞德——“The Father of modern American poetry”; first self-conscous innovator in poetry.
a) In a Station of the Metro《在地铁站》
b) Pisan Cantos《比萨诗章》——won the Bollingen Prize
2. Robert Lee Frost罗伯特·弗洛斯特
a) New Hampshire《新罕普什尔》
3．Wallace Stevens 华莱士·史蒂文斯
a) the Auroras of Autumn《秋天的晨曦》
4．Thomas Stearns Eloit 托马斯·斯特恩斯·艾略特——poet，playwright，and literary critic
a) Ash Wednesday《圣灰星期三》
b) Murder in the Cathedral《大教堂谋杀案》
c) The Waste Land《荒原》
d) The Hollow Man《空心人》
e) The Sacred Wood《圣林》
f) Gerontion《小老头》
B.现代小说（Modern Fiction）——The Beat Generation// Lost Generation
1. Ernest Hemingway 欧内斯特·海明威——spokesman for the Lost Generation
a) A Farewell to Arms 《永别了，武器》
b) For Whom the Bell Tolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》——paints the image of a whole Lost Generation
c) The Sun Also Rises《太阳照样升起》
d) The Old Man and the Sea《老人与海》
e) Death in the afternoon《午后之死》——philosophy about life and death
2. F. Scott Fitzgerald 弗朗西斯·斯各特·菲茨杰拉德——The spokesman of The Jazz Age
a) This Side of Paradise《人间天堂》
b) Tales of the Jazz Age《爵士时代的故事》
c) The Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》——his masterpiece novel；idealist
d) Tender is the Night《夜色温柔》
e) The last Tycoon《最后的巨头》
3．Sinclair Lewis 辛克莱·刘易斯
a) Main Street《大街》
b) Babbit《巴比特》——his best book
4．John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克——The foremost writer of the Great Depression: a great spokesman for the depressed.
a) The Grapes of Wrath《愤怒的葡萄》
b) The Pearl《珍珠》
c) Of Mice and Men《鼠与人》
5．Jerome David Salinger杰罗姆·戴维·塞林格
a) The Catcher in the Rye《麦田的守望者》——it reveals the youngster’s rebellion against dubious values of the adult world.
6. Allen Ginsberg 艾伦·金斯堡
a) Howl 《嚎叫》——“The birth trauma of the Beat Generation”
7. Jack Kerouac 杰克·克鲁亚克
a) On the Road《在路上》
8．John Updike 约翰·厄普代克——The most realistic of all the postwar realists; “the sweet lonesome singer of Protestant mediocrity(平凡人)”
a) The Rabbits Series《兔子系列》——his greatest success
9．William Faulkner 威廉·福克纳——The most southern writer of the 20th century
a) As I Lay Dying《在我弥留之际》
b) Light in the August《八月之光》
c) The Sound and the Fury 《喧哗与骚动》——A Story of “Lost Innocence”; technique “stream of consciousness ”
d) Absalom, Absalom!《押沙龙，押沙龙！》
10. Eugene Galdstone O’neill 尤金·奥尼尔——leading playwright of the modern period in American literature
a) Long Day’s Journey Into Night《长夜漫漫路遥遥》
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解(9-14章)【圣才出品】
第9章地方色彩小说?马克?吐温 9.1复习笔记 I.Local Colorism（地方色彩主义） The vogue of local color fiction was the outgrowth of historical and aesthetic forces that had been gathering energy since early19th century.Local colorism as a literary trend first made its presence felt in the late1860s and early seventies.It is a variation of American literary realism. Local colorists were consciously nostalgic historians of a vanishing way of life,recorders of a present that faded before their eyes.They concerned themselves with presenting and interpreting the local character of their regions.They tended to idealize and glorify,but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life.Major local colorists are Bret Harte,Hanlin Garland, Harriet Beecher Stowe,Kate Chopin and Mark Twain. 地方色彩小说的流行是自19世纪早期以来历史和艺术力量凝聚的产物。作为一种文学潮流，地方色彩主义在19世纪60年代晚期和70年代早期初展头角。它是美国现实主义文学的一个分支。 地方色彩主义作家是怀念正在消逝的生活方式的历史家，他们记录了在他们眼前逝去的现在。他们致力于展示描述自己地方的特色，倾向于赞颂地方生活并将其理想化，但是他们又注意不失地方生活的真实色彩。主要的地方色彩主义作家包括布莱特·哈特、汉林·加兰德、哈里耶特·比彻·斯托、凯特·肖邦及马克·吐温等。 II.Mark Twain(1835-1910)（马克·吐温） 1.Life（生平） Mark Twain,pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens,is a great literary giant of America. He was brought up in the small town of Hannibal,Missouri,on the Mississippi River.He was twelve when his father died and he had to leave school.He was successively a printer’s apprentice,a tramp printer,a silver miner,a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi,and a frontier journalist in Nevada and California.This knocking about gave him wide knowledge of humanity. With the publication of his frontier tale,he became nationally famous.His first novel The Gilded Age was an artistic failure,but it gave its name to the American of the post-bellum period.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was his masterwork.Mark Twain was essentially an affirmative writer.But toward the latter part of his life,due to some tragic events,he changed to an almost
(完整版)美国文学课后答案
1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday morning and landed at the Market Street wharf. 4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection? It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的). 二、Questions 1.How many characters does Poe include in The Cask of Amontillado? What are these names? Montresor, Fortunato and Luchesi 2. What drink are the French most famous for? Wine 3.Does Montresor have something of great value to him which we might consider to be his treasure? His pride and the pride of his French family heritage. Perhaps his devious plot of revenge. 4.Does Montresor seem to have much respect for Italians? Montresor does not have much respect for Italians. He feels the French are superior, especially with respect to wine. 5.What was Fortunato's insult? Poe does not tell us directly, but only implies it in the third paragraph 6.Which wine does Montresor use to lure Fortunato into the catacombs? "Amontillado" (the Spanish wine; Montresor's ruse to lead Fortunato down into the catacombs. 7.Why does Montresor entertain Fortunato with wines from his collection? Montresor wants to get Fortunato drunk enough to be able to trap him in his plan of vengeance. 8.In what two ways does Montresor imprison Fortunato? He fetters (chains and locks) Fortunato to the wall of the catacombs. He builds a wall to close Fortunato off in a small corner of the catacombs, where Montresor will leave him to die. 9.In what ways is The Cask of Amontillado grotesque? First, which of Montresor's actions are abnormal? The whole obsessive plot of vengeance. The fettering and entombment of Fortunato. Montresor's sick sense of humor. 10.Is there anything grotesque about Fortunato? His obsession with alcohol. His drunkenness. His tendency to berate Luchesi (he may have been drunk and may have insulted Montresor in a similar
美国文学题_答案
III Multiple choice (20%) 1. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. When her poems were published in England, she became known as the “______” who appeared in America. A Ninth Muse B Tenth Muse C Best Muse D First Muse 2. ______ is the sometimes exaggerated use of local language, characters and customs in regional literature. A purple prose B waste-land imagery C local color D symbolism 3. The Fitzgeralds lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than F. Scoot Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as _______. A The Jazz Age B The Gilded Age C The Glorious Age D The Beat Age 4. ___________ was a reaction to the ideas of the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment. A Romanticism B Realism C Naturalism D Modernism 5. Although only few of her poems were published in her lifetime and a complete collection of them didn’t appear until the 1950’s, _____ had a major impact on 20th century poetry. A Anne Bradstreet B Gertrude Stein C Emily Dickinson D Amy Lowell 6. Who of the following is NOT a 20th century American poet? A Henry Wordsworth Longsfellow B Amy Lowell C Ezra Pound D Robert Frost 7. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his ______. A International theme B Waste-land imagery C Local color
美国文学复习大纲
美国文学部分(American Literature) 一．殖民时期文学（The Literature of the Colonial Period） 1．本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1) 早期殖民地时期的文学的特点 2) 十八世纪美国文学的特点（重点是独立革命前后时期文学） 3) 主要的作家、其概况及其代表作品 4) 术语：the colonial period, American Puritanism, Puritans, Enlightenment in American, the Great A wakening 2．主要作家作品 John Smith第一个美国作家 A True Relation of Virginia and General History of Virginia. Anne Bradstreet 殖民地时期女诗人 The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America (1650) Jonathan Edwards十八世纪上半叶大觉醒时代的代表人物 “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林，散文家、科学家、社会活动家，曾参与起草《独立宣言》。十八世纪美国启蒙思想代言人。 《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanac（收录格言警句） 《致富之道》The Way to Wealth 《自传》The Autobiography （富兰克林原意为写给儿子的家书） Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩，散文家、政治家、报刊撰稿人。 《常识》Common Sense ( Paine 最知名的政论文：It was inspired by the first battle of the Revolutionary War—the Battle of Lexington in Concord.) 《美国危机》American Crisis 《人的权利》Rights of Man 《专制体制的崩溃》Downfall of Despotism 《理性时代》The Age of Reason Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺，著名的“革命诗人”。 《蒸蒸日上的美洲》“The Rising Glo ry of America” 《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship”（诗人自己被俘，关押于英国囚船的经历）
美国文学简史(第三版)复习 常耀信
美国文学作者作品 Edwards: 爱德华兹 The Freedom of the Will 《论意志自由》 Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended 《论原罪》 The Nature of True Virtue 《论真实德行的本原》 名篇：Personal Narrative 《自述》 Sinners in the hands of an Angry God 《愤怒上帝手中之罪》 Benjamin Franklin:本杰明·富兰克林 Poor Richard’s Almanac《穷理查德年历》Autobiography 《自传》 Washington Irving:华盛顿·欧文 A History of New York《纽约外传》The Sketch Book 《见文札记》名篇：Rip Van Winkle《瑞普·温·凡克尔》 The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 《睡谷传奇》 James Fenimore Cooper:詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏Leatherstocking Tales 《皮袜子故事集》 The Pioneer 《拓荒者》The Prairie 《大草原》 The Last of Mohicans《最后的莫希干人》 The Pathfinder《探路人》The Deerslayer 《猎鹿者》
Ralph Waldo Emerson:拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生 Nature 《论自然》Self-Reliance 《论自立》Essays 《随笔集》名篇：The American Scholar 《美国学者》（has been regarded as “American Declaration of Intellectual Independence”被誉为美国思想的独立宣言） The Poet Henry David Thoreau:亨利·戴维·梭罗 Walden 《瓦尔登湖》 Nathaniel Hawthorne:纳撒尼尔·霍桑 The Scarlet Letter《红字》 The House of the Seven Gables 《七个尖角阁的房子》 Mosses from an Old Manse《古厦青苔》 The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》 The Marble Faun 《玉石神像》 Ethan Brand 《伊桑布兰德》 Young Goodman Brown 《好小伙子布朗》 Dr. Heidggeger’s Experiment 《海德格博士的体验》 The Ambitions Guest 《野心勃勃的客人》 The Greast Stone Face 《巨石脸》
爱党青年和谐版美国文学答案
Literary terms这部分的答案均来自星火《英美文学》一书，质量高 1.Transcendentalism: is literature，philosophical and literary movement that flourished in New England from about 1836 to1860. It originated among a small group of intellectuals who were reaching against the orthodoxy of Calvinism and the rationalism of the Unitarian Church, their own faith centering on the divinity of humanity and the natural world instead. Transcendentalism derived some of its basic idealistic concepts from romantic German philosophy, and from such English authors as Carlyle，Coleridge, and Wordsworth. The ideas of transcendentalism were most eloquently expressed by Ralph Waldo Emerson in such essays as Nature and Self-Reliance and by Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden. 2.American naturalism：this term was created by Emile Zola. Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory played an important role in naturalism. In the works off naturalism，characters were conceived as complex combinations of inherited attributes and habits conditioned by social and economic forces. At the end of the 19th century，this pessimistic form of realism appeared in America. Naturalism attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness. Characters in the works of naturalism were dominated by their environment and heredity. Naturalism emphasized：the world was around；men had no free will；religious “truth” were illusory；the destiny of human beings was misery in life and oblivion in death. The dominant figures in naturalism were Stephen crane，Frank Norris, Jack London and Theodore Dreiser. 3.The lost generation: included the young English and American expatriates as well as men and women caught in the war and cut from the old value and yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization had gone mad. These writers adopted unconventional style of writing and reacted against the tendencies of the older writers in the 1920s. The term came from Gertrude Stein who said in Hemingway's presence that “you are all a lost generation.” 4.Jazz age: the novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald coined the term "Jazz Age" retroactively to refer to the decade after World War I and before the stock market crash in 1929, during which Americans embarked upon what he called "the gaudiest spree in history". Jazz Age is inextricably associated with the wealthy white "flappers" and socialites immortalized in Fitzgerald's fiction. 5.Free verse: is a poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length and that attempts to avoid any predetermined verse structure, instead, it uses the cadences of natural speech. While it alternates stressed and unstressed syllables as stricter verse forms do, free verse does so in a looser way. Whitman's poetry is an example of free verse at its most impressive. It has since been used by Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot and other major American can poets of the 20th century. 6. The iceberg analogy: The Iceberg Theory is a writing theory by American writer Ernest Hemingway, as follows：if a writer of a prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader，if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. 这部分来自星火的为：3,7,8, 来自课本为：1,4,9 来自网络为：2,5,6大家自取之 1.Poe's Poetic Ideas A.His conviction that the function of poetry is not to summarize and interpret earthly experience, but to create a mood in which the soul soars toward supernal beauty. B.He insists that poetry must be disembarrassed of that moral sense. C.Poe believes that the elevation of excitement of the soul should be “the poetic principle” thus poetry must concern itself only with “supernal beauty”. D.Poe defines poetry as “the rhythmical creation of beauty” a definition gi ving unexampled emphasis upon the importance of the rhythmical or musical element in poetry.
(完整word版)《美国文学选读》课程标准
《美国文学选读》课程标准 一、课程性质与任务 美国文学选读是英语专业高年级的选修课。它与英美文学史密切结合，使学生在接触到浩繁的文学作品的同时，可以对繁杂的文学现象加以整理和梳理，并形成自己阅读文学作品的习惯，开阔视野，在学习过程中把握正确的理解文学作品的方法。美国文学选读通过向学生介绍文学作品及其作品创作的历史文化背景，培养学生阅读文学作品的兴趣，增强语感，增进学生对美国社会、历史、文化以及生活习俗的了解，提高他们对西方文学的欣赏能力及批评能力。 二、课程教学目标 1．知识目标 1）文学知识：通过本课程的学习，学生应深入、直观地理解各个时期的美国文学作品，把握其思想、语言及创作技巧上的特点；另外，还应对美国的文学评论流变具备相对清晰的认识。 2）语言知识：本课程是通过介绍不同文体的文学作品，深化学生对英语语言的认知、理解和应用的能力。并通过对不同时期英语原文资料的阅读和解析，以一种更加直观的方式了解这门语言的发展。 2．能力目标 1）文学作品鉴赏能力：通过作者作品的讲解，学生可以对作品的社会历史价值和艺术价值进行评价，培养并提高自我的鉴赏能力； 2）语言表达能力：通过课堂和课下阅读及评价任务的完成，学生的口头和书面表达能力能够得到全面的提高； 3）思辩能力：课上小组讨论环节和presentation环节能够激发学生的思辩能力，助其开拓思路，同时也为以后对英语的有效使用打下基础。 3．素质目标 1）文学文化修养：本课程作为英语专业高年级学生的素养课，旨在培养学生对美国文学及文化的理解，可以使学生以直观的方式全面接触这种语言和文化，并形成独立的开放的文化观，进一步强化其跨文化意识； 2）基本的研究素质：本课程通过对文学评论的介绍和讲解向学生传授文学鉴赏的不同视角，可使其具备基本的文学研究素质； 3）文学翻译的基础：本课程通过对文学作品的细读向学生介绍文字背后的人文、历史、政治、哲学及美学等因素，可为文学翻译课程提供较好的材料，并做好前期准备。 三、课程基本信息和内容要求
美国文学选读课后题答案
1、Do you think Gatsby deserves to be called “the great”? Why? -------from F、Scoot、Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby Gatsby pursuit “a universe of ineffable gorgeous” in his young age、In fact, Gatsby from West Egg insists his Platonic fantasy、He fell in love with the blonde and his ineffable gorgeous ideal is bined with Daisy’s breathing and desire、Daisy bees the image of ideal in his mind; though she marries Tom and may does not love him, though he can realize her soul full of money and desire, he cannot change his mind which back his love and be together as before、Maybe that is the shining and great part of his soul、Maybe that is the American dream which can show to us、But through the novel, we can have the clear idea that Daisy’s desire was not his drea m, it is not Daisy’s fault but his dream has giant vitality and energy、His dream is far behind Daisy and everything exists、He does his best to build the perfect world and aim in his mind、So his spirit which pursuits on ideal and dedication is also far behind secular frolicking in the bed、For realizing his dream, he donated himself to mud of money in New York; he showed no interests in wealth itself and the life of debauchery、Just like the lotus lives in the pound around with mud but not be polluted、His soul no doubt is suffering in the social life but without any plain、3、What do “petals” and “bough” stands for? -----from Ezra Pound In A Station of the Metro、 First of all, this poem stands the points of economy by Imagism、Every word in this poem has its own unique meaning、For example, the color of black in this poem may represent the train’s color, the railway’s color, the pillar’s color or the dim light of the metro station、Ezra Pound was very sensitive to the color and usually used their different meanings in his poetry、He used the skill of painting in his process of creating the poem、In this poem, every word is used as the pigment、Petals stand for the meaning of color from their unique image、The word “wet” brings the feeling of fresh and bright to the people、And the word “apparition” gives the dim color of pale and weak to the “faces” and “petals”、And the author put the petals and faces together let the faces have the feeling of tender and red、Several pretty faces appear in the metro station from the dimly lit, and they bee the shining petals in the black bough which was wet by the rain、This transformation is based on our vision, but it also shows that the same point between the quiet nature scenery and the noisy industrial environment、Ezra Pound wants tell us that we can find the beauty everywhere in our daily life、And it also shows the metaphor of Imagism、 1、Do you think Gatsby deserves to be called “the great”? Why? (1)I think it is too plicated to simply say Gatsby deserves to be “great” or not、For one thing, Gatsby was ambitious, hardworking, generous and passionate、He was so extremely loyal to his love and Daisy that he could do anything to get Daisy back: he did shady business to earn money and social position; he threw luxurious parties just to draw Daisy’s attention; he could take the blame for a death that he did not cause、(2)In this respect, he is much “greater” than his contemporaries、For another thing, Gatsby never realized that Daisy wasn’t the girl he loved anymore、Gatsby was so innocent that he staked everything on his dreams, not realizing that his dreams are unworthy of him、He wasn’t sober enough to be great、
美国文学史作品作家汇总 全
美国文学史作品作家汇总 美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Paine托马斯?潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 Philip Freneau菲利普?弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 .Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will 论意志自由The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended论原罪The Nature of True Virtue论真是德行的本原 Benjamin Franklin本杰明?富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; Poor Richard’s Almanac穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Brace bridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travelers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 Jamie Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯?费尼莫尔?库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Little page Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leather stocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deer slayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar 论美国学者;Divinity; The Over soul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits 英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说 Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhoda杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日
美国文学复习资料+答案
1. The American Transcendentalists formed a club called ________ the Transcendental Club 2. _______ was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. Washington Irving 3. At nineteen __________ published in his brother 's newspaper, his "Jonathan Oldstyle" satires of New York life. 4. In Washington Irving 's work _______________ appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. The Sketch Book 5. The first important American novelist was ____________ .James Fenimore Cooper 6. James Fenimore Cooper 's novel _______________ was a rousing tale about espionage against the British during the Revolutionary War. The Spy 7. The best of James Fenimore Cooper's sea romances was ____________ . The Pilot 8. "To a Waterfowl" is perhaps the peak of _____________ _'s work; it has been called by an eminent English critic “ the most perfect brief poem in the lan guage . ”William Cullen Bryant 9. ______________ was the first American to gain the stature of a major poet in the world literature.