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高考英语介词短语归纳详解

高考英语介词短语归纳详解
高考英语介词短语归纳详解

高考英语介词短语归纳详解

介词还可按其词义分为下列常见的几种:

(1)表地点(包括动向),如about,

above,across,after,along,among,around,at,before,behind,below,beneath,beside,between,beyond,by,down,from,in,into,near,off,on,over,through,throughout,to,towards,under,up,upon,with,within,without等。

[注]有不少表地点的介词可表动向,除很明显的across,around,over,towards,near外,还有among,behind,beneath,between,on,to,under等。

(2)表时间,如about,after,around,as,at,before,behind,between,by,during,for,from,in,into,of,on,over,past,since,through,throughout,till(until),to,towards,within等。

(3)表除去,如besides,but,except等。

(4)表比较,如as,like,above,over等。

(5)表反对,如against,with等。

(6)表原因、目的,如for,with,from等。

(7)表结果,如to,with,without等。

(8)表手段、方式,如by,in,with等。

(9)表所属,如of,with等。

(10)表条件,如on,without, considering 等。

(11)表让步,如despite,in spite of等。

(12)表关于,如about,concerning, regarding ,with regard to,as for,as to等。

(13)表对于,如to,for,over,at,with等。

(14)表根据,如on,according to等。

(15)表其他,如for(赞成),without(没有)等。

(一)介词的句法功能

介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。

1、作定语:The book on the table is mine.

2、作状语:We have breakfast at seven.(表时间);They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因);They started the machine by pressing the button.(表方法)

3、作表语:My dictionary 中学is in the bag.

4、作宾语补足语:I found him in the office.

(二)主要介词区别

介词at, in, on的区别

1. 表示时间,注意以下用法:

(1) 表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用at。如:

I get up at six in the morning. 我早上六点钟起床。

He got married at the age of 25. 他25 岁结婚。

(2) 泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间,一般用in。如:

We watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上看电视。

He went to Japan in 1946. 他于1946 去了日本。

(3) 若表示星期几或某一特定的日期,则用on。如:

He left here on the fifth of May. 他于5 月5 日离开这儿。

in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如:in the night,during the night,in the war,during the war。但略有区别:当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during,接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如:during the discussion/in discussing the problem during her stay in Hubei/in playing basketball/during the course of/in digging the tunnel

2. 表示地点、场所、位置等,注意以下用法:

(1) 表示某一点位置,用at。如:

We live at No 87 Beijing Road. 我们住在北京路87 号。

The hospital is at the end of the street. 医院在这条街的尽头。

与名词所有格连用表示地点,也用at。如:

at m y sister’s 在我姐姐家at the doctor’s 在医务室

(2) 表示空间或范围,用in。如:

What’s in the box? 这盒子里有什么?

He lives in Paris with his wife. 他同他妻子住在巴黎。

但有时两者可换用。如:

The meeting was held at [in] the hotel. 会议在宾馆举行。

(3) at 与in 的另一个区别是:at 用于指较小的地方,而in 用于指较大的地方。如:

in Shanghai 在上海at the station 在车站

但是,大与小是相对的,有时随着说话者的着眼点不同,大地方也可能用at(比如把一个大地方看作一个点时)。如:

Our plane refuelled at London. 我们的飞机在伦敦加油。

We stopped for an hour at Moscow on our way to Paris. 我们在去巴黎的途中在莫斯科停了1 个小时。

附:表示地理位置的in, on, to:in表示在某范围内,on指与什么毗邻,to指在某环境范围之外。如:Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.

(4) 介词on 用于地点,主要指在某物的表面。如:

What’s on the table? 桌上有什么?

There’s a wallet lying on the ground. 地上有个钱包。

注:在少数搭配中,也用介词on。如:

He works on a farm. 他在农场工作。

3. 在某些搭配中,三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关:

in the street (英) / on the street (美) 在街上

in the road (英) / on the road (美) 在路上

in the team (英) / on the team (美) 在这个队

at the weekend (英) / on the weekend (美) 在周末

at weekends (英) / on weekends (美) 在周末

4. 有时三者的差别与搭配习惯和用法有关:

in bed / on the bed 在床上(from https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5d3579672.html,)

in the tree (多指树外之物) / on the tree (多指树本身之物) 在树上

2、表示时间的since和from:since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程,常与现在完成时

连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始,不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如:I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.

3、表示时间的in和after:1. 均可与一段时间连用,表示“在……之后”,但after 表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后,即在(某一具体时间点之后),因此通常与过去时连用;而in 则表示从现在算起的一段时间以后,即在(某一具体时间点之后)因此通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子。如:

He came back after three days. 3 天后他回来了。

I’ll come back in three days. 我3 天后回来。

I think he can come back in three days. 我想他3 天后可以回来。

2. after 除与一段时间连用外,还可与一点时间连用,此时可用于将来时(注:in 不能与一点时间连用)。如:

He will arrive after five o’clock. 他5 点钟以后到。

3. after 可以与某些表示活动的名词连用,表示“在……之后”(注:in 不能这样用)。如:after school 放学后after the meeting 散会后

after liberation 解放后after one’s graduation 毕业后

附:Behind与After的区别:

两者均可表示“在……之后”,其区别是:

1. after 主要用于时间或次序,behind 主要用于位置。如:

He decided to leave after lunch. 他决定午饭后离开。

Summer comes after spring. 春去夏来。

The hospital is behind the post office. 医院在邮局后面。

注:behind 有时也用于时间,表示“迟于”,主要用于behind time(迟,晚)这一习语。如:The train was 20 minutes behind time. 火车晚点20 分钟。

2. 两者都可用于引申义,after 侧重指追求、寻找、模仿等;而behind 则侧重指在背后、支持、落后等。如:

The police are after her. 警察在追捕她。

Many young people are after her. 许多年青人都追求她。

We are behind you completely. 我们完全支持你。

He is behind the others in maths. 他的数学不如别人。

5、表示“在……上”的on和in:on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分。如:There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug

a hole in the wall.

6、表示“穿过……”的through和across:through表示从内部通过,与in 有关;across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与on有关。如:Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.

7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner:in the corner 表示在角落里,in指角的内面;on the corner表示“在角上”,on指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;at the corner指“在拐角处”,at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如:The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.

8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of:in the end作“最后”、“终于”解,可单独使用,后不接介词of;at the end of 表示“在……末梢”,“到……尽头”,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;by the end of 作“在……结束时”,“到……末为止”解,只能指时间。不可单独使用。如:In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands

a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.

9、表示“关于”的about 和on:两者都有“关于”的意思,不过前者为一般用词,而后者为较正式的“论述”。如:He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.

10、between, among:一般说来,between表示两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如:You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.

注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,如果强调的是两两相互间接关系,适用于between。如:Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如:The little valley lies (位于)between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时,总是用between。如:They don’t know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.

11、besides, except, but, except for:

1. 三者都可表示“除外”,但besides 表示一种累加关系,意指“除了什么之外,还有……”;而except 或but 则表示一种排除关系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有……”。如:Besides his wife,his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外,他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。

Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外,没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。

注:在否定句中,besides 也表示“除……之外不再有…… ”,与but, except 同义。如:

No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外,没一个人通过考试。

2. 关于but 与except:

(1) 两者都可表示“除……外不再有……”,但含义上略有差别:but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,而except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较:

All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。

All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。

(2) 在现代英语中,but 的介词用法十分有限,一般说来,它只能用在下列词语之后:

①no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等

②any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等

③every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等

④all, none 等(from https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5d3579672.html,)

⑤who, what, where 等

Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。

I haven’t told anybody but you. 除你之外,我没告诉任何人。

No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。

一般说来,若没有出现上述词汇,就不宜使用介词but,否则可能造成错句。但是except 却没有以上限制。比较:

正:The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。

误:The window is never opened but in summer.

(3) but 一定不能用于句首,except 通常不用于句首:

除我之外每个人都累了。

正:Everyone is tired but (except) me.

正:Everyone but (except) me is tired.

误:But (Except) me, everyone is tired.

注:except for 可用于句首,表示except 的意思:

正:Except for me, everyone is tired.

3. 关于except 与except for:

except 主要用来谈论同类的东西,而except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西,有时含有惋惜之意。如:

All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外,其他的作文都写得很好。His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误。

注:若用于句首,则except for 与except 同义(但except 通常不用于句首)。

4. 关于except for 与but for:

except for 主要表示排除,but for 主要表示一种虚拟条件(与虚拟语气连用)。如:

Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外,大家都通过了考试。

But for my help, she would not have passed the exam. 若不是我的帮助,她就不会通过考试。But for the atmosphere plants would die. 如果没有大气,植物就会死亡。

5. besides 除用作介词外,还用作副词,其意为“此外”、“而且”,可用于分句句首(通常用逗号隔开)或句尾。如:

I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired. 我不想去,而且我也太累了。

This car belongs to Smith, and he has two others besides. 这部车是史密斯的,此外他还有两部。but与一些固定结构连用。have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事,can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不……,but for...如不是……

12、表示“用”的in和with:表示工具的“用”,用with,而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”,用in。如:He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English. 13、in charge of和in the charge of:两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”。区别在于:in charge of后接被照管的人或物,而in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。如:Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。

14、as, like:as作“作为”、“以……地位或身份”解。如:Let me speak to you as a father.(事实是父亲);like作“象……一样”解。如:Let me speak to you like a father.(事实上不是父亲)。

15、in front of 和in the front of:in front of = before,是“在……前面”的意思(不在某物内);in the front of则是“在……前部”的意思(在某物内)。如:There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。

16、in, into:into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。如:We walked into the park.;in通常表示位置。如:We walked in the park;in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时,也可以表示动向。如:I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。

高考常考的复合介词

1. in advance of 在……前面。如:

He is far in advance of his class. 他在班上遥遥领先。

I shall walk a few steps in advance of you. 我将走在你前面几步。

2. in case of 一旦,以防,如果。如:

In case of fire, call 119. 倘若有火灾,就打119电话。

The wall was built along the river in case of floods. 为了防洪,沿河筑了堤。

3. in charge of 担任,指挥,管理,负责照料。如:

He was placed in charge of the department. 他受命管理这个部门。

She is in charge of our class. 她担任我们的班主任。

4. in course of 在……过程中,在……时,在进行中。如:

The new railway is in course of construction. 新铁路正在兴建当中。

The goods ordered are now in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。

5. in danger of 有……的危险。如:

The patient is in danger of death. 病人有死亡的危险。

These goods are in danger of robbery. 这些货物有被盗的危险。

6. in defense of 保卫,保护,为……辩护。如:

Is there any man unwilling to fight in defense of his country? 难道有谁不愿为保卫祖国而战吗?

He wrote a book in defense of his doctrine. 他写了一本书为自己的学说辩护。

7. in favour of 赞成……,以……为受款人。如:

Was he in favour of the death penalty? 他赞成死刑吗?

Cheques should be written in favour of Mr Smith. 支票上请写明以史密斯先生为受款人。

8. in front of 在……前面。如:

There is a pond in front of the house. 房屋前面有个池塘。

You shouldn’t discuss that in front of the children. 你不应该当着孩子的面谈论那类事。

9. in memory of 纪念……。如:

He founded the charity in memory of his late wife. 他兴办那项慈善事业以纪念他已故的妻子。

A service was held in memory of the dead. 为死者举行了悼念仪式。

10. in need of 需要……。如:

We are all in need of a rest. 我们全都需要休息。

Are you in need of help? 你需要帮助吗?

11. in place of 代替。如:

Won’t you go in place of me? 你能代替我去吗?

Who is here in place of the manager? 谁在这里代理经理?

12. in possession of 占有,持有,拥有。如:

The chief was in possession of a large quantity of stolen property. 那个头目占有了大量偷盗来的财产。

Anyone found in possession of this poison will be punished. 凡是被发现拥有此种毒药者均将受到惩罚。

13. in search of 寻找,寻求。如:

He emigrated to Brazil in search of a better life. 他为寻求更好的生活,移民到巴西。Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease. 科学家想研究出治疗这种疾病的方法。

14. in spite of 尽管。如:

The match was played in spite of the awful weather. 尽管天气恶劣,比赛仍然进行。

In spite of all her hard work, she failed her exam. 她虽然很努力,可是考试不及格。

15. in terms of 用……的字眼,从……的观点。如:

It is difficult to express it in terms of science. 要用科学的字眼来表达它是很困难的。

Let each child read in terms of his own tastes and choices. 让每个孩子阅读根据自己的兴趣爱好选择的书籍。

16. in addition to 除……外。如:

She speaks five foreign languages in addition to English. 除英语外,她还会说五种外语。

In addition to his salary, he has a bonus of 6 yuan per month. 除工资外,他每月还有6元钱奖

金。

17. instead of 代替,而不是。如:

Use eggs instead of meat. 用鸡蛋代替肉。

Let’s play cards instead of watching TV. 咱们玩纸牌吧,别看电视了。

18. in exchange for 用……作为交换。如:

I give his Chinese lessons in exchange for English lessons. 我用汉语课与他换英语课。

I’ll give you three sweets in exchang e for an apple. 我拿3块糖换你一个苹果。

19. by means of 用,依靠。

He got into the house by means of an open window. 他从一扇开着的窗户爬进屋去。

They were able to position the yacht by means of radar. 他们能够用雷达测定快艇的方位。20. with [in] regard to 关于,就……而论。如:

What did he say with regard to my proposals? 关于我的建议他说了什么?

复习时需注意的要点

1、介词一般放在名词之前,但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词、疑问副词或者关系代词时,这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。

2、介词和动词、形容词、名词等常常构成固定搭配,也就是说,在这些词的后面常常要求用一定的介词。这一点在学习时要特别注意。如:

a.动词+介词:laugh at, wait for

b.形容词、过去分词+介词:be good at, be proud of

c名词+介词:pay a visit to , the key to

3、表示选择关系的连词,连接的双方只取其一。常用连词有or, either...or, otherwise

例如:

a) You can go to Beijing either today or tomorrow.

b) You must get up early or you won’t catch the early bus.

4、表示转折关系,连接的双方构成对比,意义上有转折。常用连词有but, however, while, only

例如:

a) His brother is fond of football while he likes basketball.

b) You can watch TV, but you must finish your homework first.

5、表示联合关系,联合的双方是对等的,意义上趋向一致。常用连词有:and, both...and, neither...nor, not only...but also, as well as

To study English well, we need both diligence and careful.

That horse is not only the youngest among the five, but also runs the fastest.

6、表示因果关系,连接的双方,互为因果,或者前因后果,或者前果后因。常用的连词有:for, so

例如:

It must have rained, for the ground is wet.

【考点诠释】

考点1 常见介词的活用

by,with,against,over,on,in,at,besides,for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义、准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词,应重点掌握:

1.over可表位置,意为“在……上方,越过;遮住,盖住”,也可表时间,意为“在……期间,

(多年)以来”等,它还有“在……(问题)上,对(某事)”等引申意义。如:

①Yo u can’t wear a blue jacket over that shirt—it’II look terrible.你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克——太难看了。

②We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。

③We heard it over the radio.我们从广播中听到了它。

2.by的主要意思有“在……旁,靠近;乘(车、船等);不迟于;到……为止;被,由;根据,按照(关系);通过……方式”等,还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有:by and by不久,迟早by and large大体上

by oneself单独by the way顺便说说

by far……得多,最…… by chance碰巧

by accident偶然地by means of借助

by no means绝不,一点也不by mistake错误地

①The water in the river rose by two meters.河水上涨了两米。

②He is an Englishman by birth.他在血统上是英国人。

3.with可以用来表示“带有,拥有;随着;就……来说;用,以;和,与;对于,关于”等意思。with还可用来表示原因。如:

①He turned red with anger.他气得脸变红了。

②The probl em with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth’s air.从地球上观察太空存在一个问题,就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。

4.beyond这个词同学们平时接触的机会不是太多,但它却是一个考查热点。beyond表示“(时间)过了,比……晚,迟于;(位置)在……那边,超出……之外;(范围)超过,为……所

不及,超出……的范围”等意思。如:

①They arrived beyond nine o’clock.他们过了9:00才到。

②The book is beyond me.这本书我看不懂。

③Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths.汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。

考点2 介词的固定搭配-

高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。

1.名词词组:on the contrary相反;in turn依次;in one’s opinion根据某人的看法;off time 准时;out of reach够不着

2.动词词组:remind sb of sth提醒某人某事;rob sb of sth抢劫某人的……;result from由……引起;call at访问(某地)

3.形容词词组:be curious about对……好奇;be proud of因……而自豪;be popular with受到……的欢迎

4.介词短语:apart from远离,除……之外;in addition to除……之外(还);because of因为;instead of代替;in fear of为……提心吊胆;for fear of以免;in case of防备;thanks to由于;in the middle of在……中间;according to根据;in front of在……前面;in return for作为对……的回报;in charge of负责;as a result of作为……的结果;in exchange for与……交换等

考点3核心介词用法归纳与辨析

4.till、until、to的用法。

(1)till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中,与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如:He wai ted for me till twelve o’clock.

He didn’t get up till (until) 10 a.m.(不可用to)

但注意:在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用 until 。如:

Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.

(2)to表“终结”时常和from连用,但要注意不与from连用时的意义。如:

from July to September, from six to (till) eight(从……到……为止),但from morning till night(从早到晚),不能用to。

附:强调句(The Emphatic Pattern)是一种修辞,是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调,从而起到修辞的作用。英语常用的强调结构是"It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that)..."。一般说来,被强调部分指人时,用who;指事物时用that,但that也可以指人。

1. 陈述句的强调句型

It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。

例子It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.

2. 一般疑问句的强调句型

同上,只是把is/ was提到it前面。

例子Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?

3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型

被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分?

例子When and where was it that you were born?

4.not … until … 句型的强调句

A. 句型为:It is/ was not until + 被强调部分+ that + 其他部分

普通句:He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.

强调句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.

B. 注意:

此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是强调句型,till, until可通用;因为句型中It is/ was not ... 已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。

5.谓语动词的强调

A. It is/ was ... that ... 结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do/ does或did

Do sit down. 务必请坐。

Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时,务必(千万)要小心啊!

B. 注意:

此种强调只用do/ does和did,没有别的形式;过去时用did,后面的谓语动词用原形。

5.表示方式、手段、工具的介词

(1)by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天,但to the pound按磅算,to the ton按吨计。

(2)表泛指的方式、手段:by post(通过邮件), by telephone(radio),但on the phone(在打电话)/on the radio在广播中/on TV(电讯器材),by electricity通过电力,by hard work, learn sth. by heart 熟记,背下, through practice, through his own efforts, through experience,

(3)交通工具类。另外:by means of 用……方法,by way of 经由,取道于,用……方法;with the help(permission)of sb./with sb.’s help(permission)“在……帮助下”。

(4)表方式、手段的其他用法。

He beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具、机器)

One smells with his nose.(with+人体器官,但by hand“手工,用手”)

He stood up with pride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)

注意:使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如in English(ink,pencil)。另外如:

in high(good,low)spirits情绪高涨, in anger生气地,愤怒地, in joy,in comfort舒适地, in sorrow, in safety安全地, in danger, in need在危难中,在贫困中, in debt负债, in love, in fun开玩笑, in pain痛苦, in tears流着泪, in surpris, in good order很整齐,有条不紊, in flower开着花, in a way 某种程度上,有点儿,十分激动, in a low voice, in silence, in(with)satisfaction, in a hurry, in(with)words, live/feed on food, kneel on one’s knee, take(catch)sb. by surprise(出其不意)

6.表示“除……之外”的几组常用介词比较。

7.介词的省略:

介词for表示时间的省略要求。

1. of在与age, size, colour, height, shape, weight, use等名词构成介词短语时往往可以省略。

Mr. Smith has a son (of) my age.史密斯先生有个儿子和我同龄。

2. of +形容词+名词作表语,of可省略。

She is (of) the same weight as her mother.她和她的母亲一样重。

(Of) What shape is that?那个东西什么形状?

Tom is (of) the same height as me.汤姆和我一样高.

3. have no idea后接从句of可省。

You have no idea (of ) how anxious I have been.你不知道我一直是多么地着急。

(2)否定句中,表示时间的短语前的for不能省略。如:

I haven’t seen you for thirty years.

(3)时间状语在主句之前,for不能省略。如:

For the whole morning, the old man kept reading.

8.某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。

(1)要求接to的名词有:key,answer,visit,entrance,apology,introduction,road等。

(2)要求接in 的名词有:interest,satisfaction,expert等。

He is expert in teaching small children.

介词的用法很繁杂,要在平时注意积累。

【高考链接】

2010高考英语试题

1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,30)In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled______ the local market.

A. longer than

B. more than

C. as much as

D. as far as

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查介词词组。根据动词travel可判断此处应填关于路程的介词词组,本题即为as far as。as far as远到...

2.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,25)Sean has formed the habit of jogging______ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.

A. between

B. along

C. below

D. with

【答案】B

3.(2010高考英语重庆卷,22)The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have en ough money ______ me.

A. by

B. for

C. in

D. with

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词。I don’t have enough money with me 意思是我没有随身带那么多钱。

4.(2010高考英语北京卷,29)Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ______ everyone's enjoyment.

A. in

B. at

C. for

D. to

【答案】C

【解析】考察介词。句意为:“不要摘花园里的花好吗?它们是供大家欣赏的。”此处表示目的,“为了”的意思,故用介词for。

5.(2010高考英语浙江卷,7)I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just ______.

A.by nature B.in return C.in case D.by chance

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查介词短语。分析四个选项的意思:by nature 天生地;in return作为回报,作为交换;in case 万一,以防;by chance偶然地。根据句意:我想我之前已经跟你谈论过这件事,但是以防万一,我再问你一次。

6.(2010高考英语天津卷,13)My father warned me ______ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.

A. by

B. on

C. for

D. against

【答案】D

7.(2010高考英语四川卷,5)Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ______ a big tree.

A. in

B. below

C. beside

D. against

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词。句意为:“累了,吉姆背倚着树,很快就睡着了。” against此处意为:“倚着,靠着”;below“在……的下方”;beside“在……的旁边”;in“在……的里面或时间……之后”。

8.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,25)Were planning to send out a thousand invitations ______ Expovolunteers.

A.over B.in C.on D.to

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词。语意:我们打算送1 000张邀请函给世博会志愿者。send sth to sb意为送某物给某人,据此选D项。

9.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,31)I agree to his suggestion _______ the condition that he drops all charges.

A.by

B.in

C. on

D. to

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。语意为:我同意接受他的提议,条件是他撤销全部的诉讼。on condition that与连词if同义,表示“在……条件下”,后接条件状语从句。根据语意选C项。

10.(2010高考英语江西卷,34)Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number.

A of

B as

C by

D with

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:如今有些医院是以姓名来查阅患者的,而不是凭病例编号(去查询的)。by name按姓名.

11.(2010高考英语江西卷,29)We give dogs time, space and love we c an spare, and ______, dogs

give us their all.

A in all

B in fact

C in short

D in return

【答案】D

12.(2010高考英语湖北卷,30)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them.

A. in preference to

B. in place of

C. in agreement with

D. in exchange for

【答案】D.

【解析】考查介词短语的辨析。句意为:公务员向别人索要礼物或金钱以换取对他们的好处的做法是非法的。D项in exchange for“交换,调换”在此与题意切合。A项in preference to 表示“优先于”;B项in place of“代替,取代”;C项in agreement with“与…一致,与…相符”。

13.(2010高考英语福建卷,27)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ______ space.

A. in search of

B. in place of

C. for lack of

D. for fear of

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词短语。句意为:“因为缺少空间,越来越多的高层建筑在城市中被建造。”A 项意为“寻找……”;B项意为“代替,替代”;C项意为“缺乏,短缺”;D项意为“担心,害怕”。据句意可知,C项符合。

2009高考英语试题

1.(09福建)23. -How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!

-I t’s a challenge, I guess, man against nature.

A. of

B. for

C. by

D. about

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词。应答句中的I guess是插入语,因此所填介词与challenge连用,表所属,用of,选A。

2.(09湖北卷)29. You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a request ______ a ques tion.

A. in search of

B. in the form of

C. in need of

D. in the direction of

【答案】B

3.(09湖北卷)30. His efforts to raise money for his program were ______ because, no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.

A. in place

B. in sight

C. in effect

D. in vain

【答案】D.

【解析】考查介词短语。根据下文no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets 可知为集资做出的努力都白费了,应选择in vain。in place“和平地”,in sight“在视程内”,in effect“实际上”。

4.(09全国卷1)34. Everybody was touched _____ words after they heard her moving story.

A. beyond

B. without

C. of

D. in

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词。beyond words表示“在言语之外”,即不能用言语来表达,也就是“无法形容”了。句意是“听到她的感人故事之后,他们感动得无法用语言来形容”。

5.(09山东卷) 33. It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _______ easy reach.

A. near

B. upon

C. within

D. around

【答案】C

【解析】句意:厨房中把常用的物品放在够得着的地方能节省时间。本题考查介词搭配:within easy reach在容易达到…的地方;在…的附近。

【考点定位】对复杂句式进行语法分析有助于做出正确选择。

6.(09四川卷)6. A great pers on is always putting others’ interests _________ his own.

A. below

B. above

C. in

D. on

【答案】B

【解析】考查介词的用法,put other’s interests above one’s own意思是把别人的利益放在自己的利益至上。

7.(09重庆卷)21. Try on this red skirt; you will look great it..

A. on

B. by

C. in

D. for

【答案】C。

【解析】考查介词的用法。Sth. Be on sb. “衣服穿在某人身上”;sb be in sth”某人穿着什么衣服”。由此可知答案为:C。

8.(09陕西卷)8. He invited me to a dance after the show Christmas Eve.

A. at

B. on

C. in

D. by

【答案】B

一天,所以选择B。

【考点定位】考查介词在时间前的应用。

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