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初中英语介词讲解与练习

初中英语介词讲解与练习题

一、表示时间的常用介词

表示时间的常用介词有at ,in, after, until, by, before, during.

1、at 多用于表示具体的钟点时刻前,所表示的时间大多比较短暂,如:at seven, at a quarter o one; 也可用于固定短

语搭配中,如:at noon, at night

2、in 表示一段时间,如:年、月、日、世纪、四季或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等。如:in the twenty-first century

在21世纪,in autumn 在秋天,in the moring 在早上;还可用于表示“从现在起,多长时间以后或多久以后”的短语。

They will finish the work in an hour. 一个小时以后他们将完成这项工作。

3、on主要用于表示星期几,具体某一天活某一天的早、午、晚或用在节日前。

On Mid-autumn Day 在中秋节,on June 1st 在6月1号

4、since,from ,for

(1)since 指从某时一直延续至今,后接时间点,主句用完成时。

He has studied English since 2000. 他从2000年久已经开始学英语了。

(2)from 说明开始的时间,谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。

From now on, I will learn English in the morings. 从今以后我将在早晨学英语。

(3)for指动作延续贯穿整个过程,后接时间段,主句用完成时。

I have studied English for six years. 我已经学6年英语了。

5、(1)after 表示以过去为起点的某一段时间之后,用于过去时。

They finished the work after two years. 他们在两年之后完成了这项工作。

(2)after 与时间点连用表示在将来某个时间之后。

I will ring you up after two o’clock. 两点之后我将给你打电话。

6、“by +时间点”表示“到…为止”,如果by 后加“将来的时间点”应用一般将来时;如果by 后跟一个过去的时间点应用过去完成时。

We had learned 1,000 English words by the end of last year.

到上个学期为止,我们已经学了1000个英语单词。

7、“during+时间段”与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作。

He lives with us during these years. 这些年我们一起住。

8、until用于否定句中,意为“知道…才”,其前的谓语动词多用瞬间性动词;用在肯定句中,意为“知道…为止”,其前的谓语动词须用延续性动词。

I don’t go to bed until my mother came home. 直到我妈妈回家,我才睡觉。

I waited for my mother until she came home. 我等我妈知道她回家为止。

9、before 与after 表示时间,分别意为“在….之前” 和“在…..之后”。

Please bring you r homework before ten o’clock. 请在10点钟之前,带来你的作业。

二、表示地点的介词。

1、in, on , to 的用法。

in 表示在某一地区之内的某方位(属于该范围);to表示在某一地区之外的某方位(不属于该范围);on 表示与某地的毗邻关系。

Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 台湾位于中国的东南部。(范围之内)

Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东边。(范围之外,不接壤)

Korea is on the east of China. 朝向毗邻中国的东边。(毗邻)

2、over,above和on 的用法

(1)over指“在….正上方”,表垂直在上。

There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座桥。

(2)above指“在上方”,属于斜上方。

Raise your arms above your head. 把你的胳膊举到头上。

(2)on指“在上面”,表两物体接触。

There is a plate on the table. 桌子上有一个盘子。

3、at, in ,on的区别

(1)at 表示较小的地点。at the bus stop, at home

(2)in 表示较大的地点。in China, in the world

(3)on 表示在一个平面上。On the farm 在农场

4、in front of 和in the front of

(1)in front of 表式“在…..之前”(范围内)

There are some trees in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一些树。(教室外面的前面)

(2)i n the front of表示“在…..的前部”(范围内)

Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.

我们的老师经常坐在教室的前面。(教室里面的前面)

(3)before 所表示的位置关系和in front of 通用,表示“在……前” “在…..前面”

He sits before me. 他坐在我前面。

5、below,under

Below 表示“在下方或位置低于…….”,不一定有垂直在下之意;under表示“在….正下方。

There are many bikes under the tree. 在树下有很多自行车。

The coat reaches below the knees. 这件大衣一直到膝盖先。

三、be made/ used之后介词的选择

1、be made 常见结构

(1)be made of 在某地制造

(2)be made of 和be made from 都可以表示“有…..制成“,但be made of 强调从成品上能看出原材料,而be made from 则表示从成品上看不出原材料。

(3)be made into 被制成……

(4) be made after 仿照…..制成

(5)be made up of 由…..组成

2、be used 常见结构

(1)be used to =become used to习惯于(做)……,后接名词,代词或动名词形式。

(2)be used to 被用来做……,后接动词原形

(3)be used for 意义相当于be used to do, 但for 后接动名词形式

(4)be used as 被当作….来使用

(5)be used by 被….. 使用

(6)used to 过去常常,后接动词原形。

易混点清单

1、in 和on 的区别

On the tree 表示枝、叶、果实等长“在树上”

In the tree 表示人或其他东西“在树上”。

On the wall 表示东西粘贴或挂“在墙上”。

In the wall 表示门、窗等嵌“在墙上”。

2、between 和among的区别

between 常指“在……两者之间”; among指在……(三者或三者以上的人或物)之间”

如果把三者以上的人或事物分别看待,指每两者之间,也可用between.

Mary sits between Lucy and Lily.

Jim stands among his classmates.

Y ou shouldn't eat between meals.

3、across,through ,over,past的区别

Across 和through都用于表示“穿过,越过”。Across 含有“从……表面穿过”之意。或指沿某一条线的方向惊醒的动作,表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用across; through 含有“从…..中间穿过”之意;over 多指在空间范围上“超过”;而past 指经过。

He can swim across the river. 他可以游过这条河。、

She had to push her way through the crowed to get to her son.

她必须拨开人群到达她儿子身边。

The plane flew over a line of mountains in the southeast.

飞机从东南部的群山上飞过。

They walked past a tall tree. 他们路过一棵大树。

4、in ,with,和by 表示“用”时的区别

In主要表示用语言、声音、原材料等,with表示用具体有形的东西;by 表示用…..手段或方式,后常接动名词。

Can you sing this song in English? 你能用英语唱这首歌吗?

I write my homework with a pen. 我用一支刚笔写我的作业。

The girl made money by selling flowers. 这个女孩以买花为生。

5、but, besides, 和except 的区别

but 表示“除…..之外”,常与含否定意义的词连用,当but 前有动词do 时,but 后接动词原形;except 表示“除…..之外(不再有)”,指从整体中排除except所带的人或物,前面常有all,every,any,no 及其他复合词,但在否定句中,except 却没有排斥性;besides 表示“除…..之外(还有)”,它的意思是在原来的基础上加上besides除外的人或物,其前常有

other,another,any other,a few 等词。

We can di nothing but wait. 除了等我们什么也做不了。

All the students go go the zoo except Jim. 除了Jim ,所有的学生都去动物园了。

I have a few good friends besides you. 除了你之外,我还有几个好朋友。

6、at 和to 表行为对象时的区别

at 与某些动词连用,表攻击的目标,含有某种程度的恶意;to 只表示方向,无恶意。

Don’t laugh at others. It’s impolite. 不要嘲笑别人,那是不礼貌的。

She came to me and shook my hands warmly. 她向我走来并且热情地跟我握手。

7、of sb.与for sb.的区别

(1)of sb.“对于(某人)”,用与It is +adj. +sb. to do sth. 句型中,形容词尾clever,kind,nice等描述人物性格特征的词,of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。

It's very kind of you to help the old man. 你帮助那位老人真是太好了。

(2)for sb. “对于(某人)“,用于It is +adj.+for sb.to do sth. 句型中,形容词为easy,important等不描述人物性格特征的词,for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。

It is important for us to study hard. 对我们来说努力学习很重要。

8、to 的两种用法区别

to 既是介词又是动词不定式符号。是动词不定式符号时,后面跟动词原形;是介词时,后面跟名词、代词或动名词。下列含有to 的词组中to都是介词,在使用时应特别注意,如果它们后面跟的是动词,则用动名词形式。

p ay attention to ……, make a contribution to ……, according to………, ge used to …….., prefer…..to …… ,look forward to …..

强化训练

1.If you get on well _____ your classmates , you’ll enjoy your school life more.

A.to

B.at

C.with

D.in

2.Some volunteers from Beijing arrived in Shanghai_____April 29 to work for theW orld Expo.

A.on

B.at

C.of

D.to

3.What time do you expect me back ,Mum?

------Say,_____half an hour.

A.at

B.before

C.in

D.for

4.Connie arrived_____the village_____a snowy night.

A.at;on

B.at;in

C.in;at

D.in;on

5.The food_____my country is quite different_____ that here.

A.in;like

B.to;from

C.from;to

D.in;from

6.Linda’s teacher was so mad_____her because she made lots of mistakes in the test.

A.at

B.in

C.on

D.about

7.Xiao Shenyang is so popular_____us.

----Y eah,he is one of my favorite pop stars.

A.for

B.to

C.with

D.on

8.Please call hot line_____12345 for help if you have any problem.

A.under

B.at

C.as

D.in

根据提示完成句子。

9.People______(超过)eighteen can join Oxfam Trailwalker.

10.W e Chinese People are not_____(害怕)any difficulty.

11.The lake lies_____(在······之间)the two villages.

12.I’d like to listen music_____(而不是)surfing on line.

答案:C A C A D A C B

9.over10.afraid of 11.between12.instead of

近五年中考英语常考介词短语

一、at 短语 be angry at sth. 对某事生气 arrive at 到达……(小地方) knock at/on 敲…… at last 最后,终于 laugh at 嘲笑 look at 看,注视 at the moment 现在,此时 point at/to 指向 at times 不时 二、after 短语 look after 照看,照顾 name after 以……的名字命名 run after 追赶;追求 三、on 短语 agree on (通过协商)达成共识 call on 拜访,看望 come on 快点儿;加油 on display 在展出 hang on 稍等,别挂断 on holiday 度假,休假 play a joke on 和……开玩笑,戏弄……

keep on 继续 live on 以……为食,靠……生活 put on 穿上;戴上 turn on 打开,旋开(收音机、电灯、煤气等) work on 从事于,致力于 四、to 短语 agree to 同意,答应,接受(计划、建议、条件、安排等)go to bed 上床睡觉 compare...to... 把……与……作比较 from...to... 从……到…… get to 到达 do harm to 对……有害处 lead to 通往;导致 pay attention to 注意 take...to... 把……带到/给…… write to... 写信给…… 五、in 短语 arrive in 到达……(大地方) in danger 在危险中 drop in 顺便拜访 hand in 交上,上交 join in 参加

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