第5课 瑰丽的夏宫──颐和园

《瑰丽的夏宫----颐和园》导学案

一、前世今生

前世：修建目的

今生：修建目的

二总体布局

1.颐和园主要由（）和（）组成

2.从功能上分，它分为几部分？哪个部分是颐和园精华所在？

三、走进颐和园

1.游览区分为那几部分？各部分代表性建筑

2.政治活动区和生活区代表性建筑？

四、纵观整个颐和园，教材中有这样一句话“颐和园将各种不同风格园林和谐地组合在一起，成为中国古典园林的博物馆。”通过前面的介绍，你能举例论证这个观点吗

五、思考题：皇家园林可以彰显君威国力，为何慈禧时期颐和园愈是壮丽，清朝却愈是江河日下？

人教版历史选修六：55《瑰丽的夏宫──颐和园》教案

瑰丽的夏宫——颐和园 一、教学目标 二、教学重点 1、理解颐和园的修建历史 2、理解颐和园的布局结构和主要特点；认识颐和园所体现出来的中国古代高超的园林建筑技术和中国特色的古典园林建筑风格。 3、感受中国古典园林建筑的精美和颐和园的恢宏气势，树立对中国传统优秀文化和古代建筑的保护意识。 三、教学难点 颐和园在造园艺术上的突出成就 四、教材内容分析和建议 第一部分：“宛自天成”的皇家园林。主要讲述了颐和园园林的特点、历史地位、修建过程、主要构成和园林的功能。 1、园林的特点和历史地位：是世界上最著名的古典园林之一，也是中国现存最完整、规模 最大的一座皇家园林；整座园林集中建筑精华，并将各种不同风格的园林和谐的组合在一起，成为中国古典园林建筑的博物馆 2、修建历史。(1)清乾隆工程开始。（1750）凭借自己对中国园林的理解和至高无上的权力 以及国库大量存银，以“兴修水利和为母祝寿“为名，荟萃了全国能工巧匠，连续施工15年，动用了全国年度收入的七分之一的财力，内务府共算工程用银448多万两。取名“清漪园”

(2)第二次鸦片战争期间（1860）。清漪园黑圆明园一起被英法联军焚毁。 （3）慈禧重建（1888）负责北洋水师的李鸿章答应每年从海军经费中拨出一半作为修清漪园之用。1888年开始重建，光绪皇帝将重建的清漪园命名为“颐和园”。“颐和”一词，即是供慈禧“颐养天年”之意。工程由清代著名的宫廷设计师“样式雷”的第七代传人雷廷昌主持。 （4）甲午战争再遭洗劫。1892年慈禧再次斥巨资进行大规模的修整，形成现在的规模，修整公用银43万两多。1902年慈禧重新驻园，成为慈禧“量中华之物力，结与国之欢心”媚外外交的场所。 （5）新中国迎来新生。1948年 3、主要构成和园林的功能。 （1）主要构成：万寿山和昆明湖，园林整体布局继承了中国传造园“虽有人作，宛自天开”、巧于因借，精在体宜“的艺术特色，所有建筑依循自然山水，因地制宜 （2）主要功能：“宫苑分置”，政治活动区、生活居住区（两者为公听取）风景游览区。政治活动区以仁寿殿为中心，生活区以乐寿堂为中心，游览区以万寿山上的佛香阁为中心。第二部分，政治活动区和居住区的主要景物。 1、政治活动区：（1）东宫门，是颐和园的正门，大门上方悬挂“颐和园”匾，为光绪帝 题 （2）仁寿殿（中心），是慈禧和光绪皇帝临朝听政的大殿，最早建于乾隆年间（1750），原名“勤政殿”（意识是游园时不要忘了亲理政务）。被英法联军焚毁，光绪改名“仁寿殿”，意思是施仁政的人可以长寿。仁寿殿的门窗柱一律用红色，烘托起皇家威严的气氛，殿中摆放宝座，象征皇权。 2、居住区：（1）玉澜堂。为光绪皇帝的寝宫，其实也是光绪的囚禁之所，堂名出自“玉泉涌微澜”的诗句。玉澜堂的珍贵历史价值在于它和戊戌政变有关。 （2）宜芸堂。施光绪的皇后隆裕居住的地方，在乾隆时期是皇帝的藏书之地。原有通道与玉澜堂想通，戊戌政变后，被堵死。 （3）乐寿堂（中心）：是园内最好的居住和游乐的地方。中间为起居室，中间摆有紫檀雕造御案宝座，宝座后列一堂十五折玻璃镜屏风，还悬挂有华丽的五彩玻璃吊灯，是中国现存最早的电灯。庭院内四季花木和陈设大多有象征寓意，处处表现出封建礼制的森严，象征喆“天子至尊”“皇家富贵”的意识。 （4）德和园。是光绪和慈禧看戏的场所，工程自1891至1895，耗用了71万两白银建成，占地3000平方米，大戏楼共三层，高21米，宽17米，是国内目前保存最完整，建筑规模最大的古戏楼。这座大戏楼具有极高的建筑艺术价值，在我国戏曲史上举足轻重，代表我国近代戏曲艺术水平的京剧，就是在这个舞台上发展成熟和定型的，有“京剧摇篮”之称。谭鑫培、杨小楼、陈德霖等都曾在此登台献艺。 第三部分，游览区的迷人景色 1、万寿山前山。建筑华丽宏伟，体现了皇家威严和“君权神授”的统治思想，整个景区由 两条垂直的轴线统领，主体建筑布局严格对称，庞大的建筑气势集合了园林功能、宗教功能和宫廷功能。（1）长廊。它的长度和丰富的彩画在1990年被收入《吉尼斯世界记录大全》，1992年被认定史世界上最长的长廊。在全园中发挥的作用，一是把分散的建筑连在一起，起到东西轴线的作用，二是起到引导游览的作用。长廊共有大小不同的苏式彩画1.4万幅，画师们将中华民族数千年的历史文化浓缩在这条长长的画廊上。（2）佛香阁与智慧海。倚山临湖，慈禧曾香把这里作为她的寝宫，但还未建成大病一场，认为是冲犯神佛的不祥之兆。是佛教场所，内部供奉各种神像，寄托封建帝后乞求佛陀庇护的愿望。

颐和园英文导游词

颐和园英文导游词 篇一：颐和园英文介绍 Welcome to the Summer Palace. I hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable day for you . The construction of the Summer Palace first started in 1750. At that time, the Qing Dynasty was in its heyday and China was a powerful Asian country with vast territories. The monarch in power then was Emperor Qianlong. With supreme power and large sums of money, he summoned skillful and ingenious artisans from all over the country to carry out this construction work in honor of his mother `s birthday. the Summer Palace can be divided into two parts: Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake .The whole garden covers an area of 290 hectares, of whih three- fourths consists of a lake and rivers .This imperial garden features 3,000 room-units and covers an expanse of 70,000 square meters with more than 100 picturesque spots of interest. The layout of the Summer Palace includes three groups of architectures: palaces where the emperor attended to state affairs, resting palaces of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. Entering the East Gate we will come the the office quarters. Entering the East gate we will come to the office quarters. The annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty. 篇二：英文 导游词 ：颐和园昆明湖景区 签10.颐和园昆明湖景区（昆明湖名称含义；西堤；东堤；湖中诸岛） Kunming Lake covers the three quarters of the whole Summer Palace. the name of the lake came from “Kunming Pool” in Changan, made by Emperor Wu Di in the Han Dynasty for training his soldiers. Qing Emperor Qianlong just followed the example of Han Wu Di and gave the name Kunming Lake. To the west of Kunming Lake, there is a long causeway on the Lake, which is called “West Dyke”, patterned after the Su Dyke in West Lake in Hangzhou. Along the Dyke there are six bridges separate the lake into two parts. The Jade Belt Bridge is the most beautiful bridge among the six bridges in the west dyke. Its high-arched body looks just like a jade belt,

人教新课标(标准实验版)四年级上册 第18课 颐和园 同步测试(II )卷

人教新课标（标准实验版）四年级上册第18课颐和园同步测试（II ）卷 小朋友，带上你一段时间的学习成果，一起来做个自我检测吧，相信你一定是最棒的！ 一、读课文画出文中的生词。看下面的加点的字能读准音吗？选择一下吧 (共1题；共4分) 1. （4分）花落谁家。 美丽美观美满美好 ①漓江的水清澈见底，可以看到带有________花纹的鹅卵石。 ②长大以后做一名人民教师是我________的心愿。 ③我有一个幸福________的家庭。 ④王阿姨的家布置得很________，给人一种温馨的感觉。 二、文章按什么顺序描写颐和园的？试着完成下面的填空。 (共1题；共4分) 2. （4分）给下面句子中划线的词语选择恰当的解释。 雄：A．公的 B．强有力的 C．宏伟，有气魄的 D．强有力的人或国家 ①登山队员把五星红旗插上了雄伟的珠穆朗玛峰。________ ②伴随一声声雄鸡的鸣声，新的一天又来到了。________ ③困难吓不倒英雄的中国人民。________ ④事实胜于雄辩。________ 三、看拼音、写词语。 (共1题；共4分) 3. （4分）选词填空。 美丽美观美满美好

①漓江的水清澈见底，可以看到带有________花纹的鹅卵石。 ②长大以后做一名人民教师是我________的心愿。 ③我有一个________的家庭。 ④王阿姨的家布置得很________，给人一种温馨的感觉。 四、我会填。 (共1题；共6分) 4. （6分）看拼音写词语。 dàdiàn cháng láng zhù zi zhūhóng yuǎn tiào dī àn ________________________________________________ 五、写出下面词语的近义词。 (共1题；共6分) 5. （6分）照课文填空后回答问题。 这条长廊有________长，分成________。 昆明湖静得像________绿得像________。 这两句话主要抓住________和________的特点来写。 六、填上恰当的词语。 (共1题；共6分) 6. （6分）选词填空。 显然不然安然突然果然毅然 （1）我们要加倍努力。________就要掉队了。 （2）狼牙山五壮士________跳下悬崖。 （3）他的意见________是不对的。 （4）吃过中饭，天气________变了。 （5）由于他勤学苦练，________学到不少技术。

人教版(新课程标准)2019-2020学年四年级上册语文第五组第18课《颐和园》同步练习B卷

人教版（新课程标准）2019-2020学年四年级上册语文第五组第18课《颐和园》 同步练习B卷 姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________ 小朋友，带上你一段时间的学习成果，一起来做个自我检测吧，相信你一定是最棒的！ 一、基础运用 (共5题；共36分) 1. （6分）查字典填空。 ①“柱”为________结构，这个偏旁是________，组词为________。 ②“态”可以组成的词语________ ________ 2. （8分）给下划线字选择正确的义项。 绝A．断绝 B．走不通的 C．独一无二；没有人能赶上 D．极端；非常 E．一定的；肯定的 （1）星期天，游览西湖的人络绎不绝。________ （2）好不容易找到了水源，大家为绝处逢生而欢呼。________ （3）他是个聪明绝顶的人。________ （4）这个汉代的“青铜奔马”绝对是价值连城。________ （5）这个汉代的“青铜奔马”是世界上绝无仅有的。________ 3. （4分）把下面的词语搭配起来。 ①游赏________A．风景画 ②欣赏________B．佛香阁 ③留下________C．汗水

④流下________D．痕迹 4. （6分）照课文填空后回答问题。 这条长廊有________长，分成________。 昆明湖静得像________绿得像________。 这两句话主要抓住________和________的特点来写。 5. （12分）下面句子运用了哪些修辞手法，请选择填空。 比喻拟人反问夸张 ①危楼高百尺，手可摘星辰。________ ②远看长城像一条长龙。________ ③难道长城、秦兵马俑不是世界历史上一个伟大的奇迹吗？________ ④大风过后，树木又挺直了身子。________ 二、阅读理解 (共2题；共42分) 6. （15分）课外阅读。 铁杵磨成针 李白小时候在四川象耳山读书，很不用功，并想中途退学。 有一天，他在山下小溪边遇到一位白发老婆婆在那里磨铁杵。李白问她在干什么，老婆婆回答说“把铁杵磨成针。”李白不相信，“嗤”一声笑了，对她说:“铁杵能磨成针？”“只要功夫深，铁杵磨成针。”老婆婆向他讲了这个道理。 李白顿时领悟，终于懂得了“功到自然成”的道理。从此，他便发奋用功，成了一位大诗人。 （1）第1段写李白小时候读书________。 （2）“顿时”就是________的意思。 （3）李白听了老婆婆的话明白了什么？

A Trip to the Summer Palace 英语游记 颐和园

A Trip to the Summer Palace 08级西语系四班李想2008061032 It is said that the weather of Beijing is most desirable in autumn. Looking overhead, I saw but a vast dustless cerulean canopy overarching above, so high and distant as if out of man's reach. This, together with the cozy sunshine and refreshing wind, all at once swept the dust and tiredness from my mind. On such a fine morning, I paid my visit to the Summer Palace. I arrived there around 9 o'clock and since it was the seven day long holiday, inevitably, there were indeed a tremendous number of tourists. And the scene at the entrance was really chaotic: crowds of anxious tourists here and there, air pervaded with the smog emitted by congested buses and cars, noises of tour guides' speakers and vehicles' horns. Yet the ancient garden mysteriously excluded those commotions all. Roaming along the slightly sloping paths in Longevity Hill, I was completed en veloped by an atmosphere of extreme tranquility. You saw long tailed birds staggering in funny manner. You heard the twitte ring and giggling of birds of various tones and tunes. You felt the course and mute body of old trees, which, with their never the same postures did inspire different vagaries. And never would you expect to come across such pretty creatures as squirrels scampering naughtily and boldly on the sheeny grass. So I strolled there, dreaming that one day I could just live near the Summer Palace, so that I could visit here every dawn in all seasons and weathers; so that I could get acquainted with all these lovely trees and flowers and animals; so that I could find any quiet recess to idle away as many hours as I liked without being hasty because I was just a tourist. Soon I reached the Attic of Buddha Fragrance that stood in the middle of the hill facing the Kunming Lake. Here the land scape of nature and a maze of architecture integrated perfectly.Stop for a while and look out of the windows on the finely decorated corridors in different angles and varying scenery came into your sight, sometimes distant mountains with the vague image of a tower; sometimes a vista of all the halls and attics and gates and pagoda; sometimes the vast glittering lake spotted with numerous boats and yachts. Going down the Longevity Hill and passing the zigzag corridors and the stone boat of ingenious design, I stepped on the long causeway, a bundle of narrow islands linked by bridges, diriding the Kunming Lake into two parts. It also rendered the lake two diametrically different temperaments. On one side was that sparkling paradise, vibrant with joy and sunshine. The other side seemed almost reclusive, like a huge, immaculate crystal in laid in earth, absorbing and reflecting the subtle complexion of heaven, a deep blue with stretches of mildly bright luster, mingled with the green silhouette of trees at the far end of the lake.The near-bank side was covered by a carpet of luxuriant lotus,and though it wasn't summer, their verdant leaves did infuse much life into the landscape. There being no wind, its surface looked like an expanse of unruffled silk. And when some gentle breeze wrinkled it, uninterrupted ripples of great diameter silently slided, one by one, thus produced a soft palette of flowing and

Summer Palace颐和园的英文介绍

Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing The Summer Palace in Beijing – first built in 1750, largely destroyed in the war of 1860 and restored on its original foundations in 1886 – is a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design. The natural landscape of hills and open water is combined with artificial features such as pavilions, halls, palaces, temples and bridges to form a harmonious ensemble of outstanding aesthetaic value. Long Description The imperial Chinese garden, illustrated by the Summer Palace, is a potent symbol of one of the major world civilizations. The Summer Palace epitomizes the philosophy and practice of Chinese garden design, which played a key role in the development of this cultural form throughout the east. Between 1750 and 1764 the Qing Emperor Qianlong created the Garden of Clear Ripples (Summer Palace), extending the area of the lake and carrying out other improvements based on the hill and its landscape. During the Second Opium War (1856-60) the garden and its buildings were destroyed by the allied forces. Between 1886 and 1895 it was reconstructed by Emperor Guangxu and renamed the Summer Palace, for use by Empress Dowager Cixi. It was damaged in 1900 by the international expeditionary force during the suppression of the Boxer Rising and restored two years later. It became a public park in 1924. The Summer Palace covers an area of 2.97 km2 , three-quarters of which is covered by water. The main framework is supplied by the Hill of Longevity and Kunming Lake, complemented by man-made features. It is designed on a grandiose scale, commensurate with its role as an imperial garden. It is divided into three areas, each with its particular function: political and administrative activities, residence, and recreation and sightseeing. The political area is reach by means of the monumental East Palace Gate. The central feature is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity, an imposing structure with its own courtyard garden. This area connects directly with the residential area, which is made up of three complexes of buildings. The Hall of Happiness in Longevity was the palace of Cixi and the Hall of Jade Ripples that of Guangxu and his empress, whereas the Hall of Yiyun housed his concubines. These buildings are all built up against the Hill of Longevity, with fine views over the lake, and are connected to one another by means of roofed corridors. These communicate with the Great Stage to the east and the Long Corridor (728 m), with more than 10,000 paintings on its walls and ceilings, to the west. In front of the Hall of Happiness in Longevity there is a wooden quay giving access by water to their quarters for the imperial family. The remainder of the Summer Palace, some 90% of the total area, is given over to recreation and sightseeing. The steeper northern side of the Hill of Longevity is a tranquil area, through which a stream follows a winding course.

天坛中英文介绍

The Temple of Heaven The Temple of Heaven is a worthwhile visiting place in Beijing. It is much bigger than the Imperial Palace (the Forbidden City) and smaller than the Summer Palace with an area of about 2 700 000 square meters. The temple was built in 1420 A.D. in the Ming Dynasty to offer sacrifice to Heaven. As Chinese emperors called themselves “the Son of Heaven”, they dared not to build their own dwelling “Forbidden City” bigger than the dwelling for Heaven. The Temple of Heaven is enclosed with a long wall. The northern part within the wall is semicircular symbolizing the heavens and the southern part is square symbolizing the earth. The northern part is higher than the southern part. This design shows that the heaven is high and the earth is low and reflects an ancient Chinese thought of “The heaven is round and the earth is square”. The Temple of Heaven is divided by two enclosed walls into inner part and outer part. The main buildings of the temple lie at the south and north ends of the middle axis line of the inner part. The most magnificent buildings from south to north are the Circular Terrace, the Imperial Heavenly Vault and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests. Also, there are some additional buildings like Three Echo Stones and Echo Wall. Circular Terrace has three layered terraces with white marble. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368A.D.~1911A.D.), the emperors would offer sacrifices to Heaven on the day of the Winter Solstice every year. This ceremony was to thank Heaven and hope everything would be good in the future. Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests is a big palace with round roof and three layers of eaves, the roof is covered with black, yellow and green colored glaze representing the heavens, the earth and everything on earth. Another important building in the Temple of Heaven is Imperial Heavenly Vault. If you look at it from far away, you will find that the vault is like a blue umbrella. The structure of it is like that of Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, but smaller in

人教版四年级语文上册第18课 颐和园.教案

《颐和园》教案 雷艳丽 教学内容： 人教版四年级上册第五单元18课第二课时。 教学目标： 知识技能：使学生了解颐和园的美丽景色，培养学生赏美、爱美的情趣。 过程与方法：了解作者的写作顺序，体会并学习课文抓住特 点写景状物的方法。 情感、态度、价值观:通过学习课文，使学生能受到美的熏陶，并能有所感悟，增强学生的民族自豪感。 教学重难点： 感受颐和园中美丽的景色和课文优美的语言，激发学生探究对中国“世界遗产”的兴趣。 突破方法：以读代讲，整体感知，揣摩体会。 教学过程： 一、回顾导入 上节课同学们预习了课文，掌握了生字新词，对课文内容有了大

致的了解。这节课我们将细细品味文本，感受园中美景。 二、了解颐和园 1、学生出示查阅的有关颐和园的资料，互相交流。 2、出示课件（2------8幻灯片），图文对照，了解园中景色之美。 3、把你喜欢的段落再读读，读出文本美之所在。 三、学习课文 1、初读课文，说说作者游览了哪些地方？ 学生回答之后归纳为：长廊、万寿山、昆明湖。 2、再读课文，感受园中景色之美，品味文中语言之美。 （1）指导学习长廊部分。 * 自读第二自然段，谈谈你眼中的长廊。 * 分析长廊的特点，出示相关的词句。 这条长廊有700多米长，分成273间。（长） 五彩的画、绿漆的柱子、红漆的栏杆、栽满了花木（美) * 看看作者是如何观察的？出示对应课件（从整体看，从里面看，从里向外、向两旁看）体会观察、表达的方法。 （2）分组学习万寿山、昆明湖部分。

（3）交流分组学习情况。 各组选出小导游，向大家介绍景物，注意导游词和课文内容的不同之处，师生根据介绍情况适时补充点评。 万寿山:佛香阁（八角宝塔形三层、耸立） 排云殿（金碧辉煌） 出示对应的课件，指名读课文相关句子。 昆明湖：湖面（静、绿） 堤岸（长） 湖心岛（葱绿） 十七孔桥（桥洞多、石柱多、石狮子多） 在学生讲述的同时播放相关的幻灯片，加深理解感悟景美，石狮子姿态各异更说明了祖国文化的灿烂。 图文对照理解下列重点句子： 正前面昆明湖静得像一面镜子，绿得像一块碧玉。游船、画舫从湖面慢慢滑过，几乎不留一点儿痕迹。 这句话抓住昆明湖静、绿的特点来描写，具体、形象。用镜子比喻昆明湖的静，用碧玉比喻昆明湖的绿，“滑”字更说明了湖面的静。 3、三读课文，找出作者的游览路线。

英语作文颐和园

The Old Summer Palace which is also known as the Ruins of the Old Summer Palace or the Garden of Perfection and Light is located northwest of Beijing and to the east of the (present-day) Summer Palace. The Garden was first constructed in the year of 1709 during the reign of the Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Over the next 150 years of the Qing Dynasty, this Garden was expanded to be a large-scale Chinese emperors' private pleasure garden, covering a total area of 350 hectares (over 864 acres). Generally speaking, the Old Summer Palace consists of three parts - The Old Summer Palace, Wanchunyuan (the Garden of Blossoming Spring) and Changchunyuan (the Garden of Eternal Spring). These three gardens are often referred to as one common name: The Old Summer Palace. There are hundreds of scenic spots in the Garden. Indeed, it embodies the essence of Chinese ancient landscape gardening. To be distinct from other traditional Chinese Gardens, the garden construction and horticulture of The Old Summer Palace is a harmonious blend of typical Chinese scenery and western architecture. A lot of famous scenic spots were included, for example, the Grand Waterworks, the Throne for viewing the Waterworks and the Labyrinth. No wonder The Old Summer Palace was also called the 'garden of gardens' or the 'Versailles of the East' in the Europe during that era. Furthermore, the Old Summer Palace was also an imperial museum that collected a large number of books, treasures and cultural artifacts. However, a large number of these collections were plundered by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860, at the same time as the Garden was burnt down. Now, most of these historical curiosities are displayed in the other countries' museums, including the British Museum; Bibliotheque National de France; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, USA; Oslo Museum of Applied Art and so on. The Old Summer Palace is creating a scale, magnificent scenery of large gardens. Plain water, Daniel rockery garden, refined wide plant trees, flowers. In succession, tortuous surface and hills, dance halls and pavilions, islands and bridge, will be wide causeway into space size 100 landscape encircle, interest in different scenery. The water park area of three tenths of four, on flat surface, artificial digging medium by the river flow of disciplinary entangles series for a complete system of lakes. Park and compose fold have greatly small seen heaped-up mountains, and 250 combining with water, water for water, mountain, constitute the mountain after water transfer, folds of garden space. Make whole garden as the jiangnan YanShui blurred, though: by people do, wan since opening day. The Old Summer Palace reflected in ancient garden art, is the essence of the most outstanding at a large garden. The emperor said it: "Real treasure of the

颐和园——The Summer Palace

World Cultural Heritage------The Summer Palace BRIEF INTRODUCTION The Summer Palace is located on the northwest outskirts of Beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of the city. It is the best-preserved imperial garden in the world and one of the largest of its kind still in existence in China today. The Summer Palace is formed mainly of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. It occupies a total area of over 290 hectares. Longevity Hill covers one quarter of the total area, which is about 70 hectares, while Kunming Lake covers the rest of the three quarters, which is about 220 hectares. Longevity Hill is an extension of the Western Hills. While Kunming Lake used to get water from the springs of Jade Spring Hill, which lies to its west. The peaks of the Western Hills and the pagoda on Jade Spring Hill can be seen in the distance. This is a typical method in garden-building, known as “borrowing the scenery from a distance”. The Summer Palace is very famous in the world not only because it is an ingenious combination of man-made architecture with the scenic beauty of nature, but also it is an architectural masterpiece and treasure of the traditional are of Chinese gardening. The Summer Palace harmoniously combines artificial and natural attractions into a picturesque landscape. HISTORY OF THE SUMMER PALACE The Summer Palace has a history of over 800 years, which goes back to the Liao and Jin Dynasties. The Summer Palace was first built in 1153 during the Jin Dynasty. At that time the hill was called Golden Hill and the lake was called Golden Water Pond. During the Yuan Dynasty, the hill’s na me was changed into Jar Hill, because it was said that an old man had drug up a jar from the hill. And then the lake was changed to Jar Hill Pond. In the Ming Dynasty it was named West Lake. In 1494 Yuanjing Temple was built on the Jar Hill, and later Ming Emperor Zhengde named this area the Wonderful Imperial Garden. All this wonderful scenery and structures made a good foundation and offered a great advantage for the later Garden of Clear Ripples in the Qing Dynasty.During the Qing Dynasty the famous “Three Hills and Five Gardens” were built in the northwestern suburbs of Beijing. The Summer Palace was called the Garden of Clear Ripples at that time, which was one of the Five Gardens. The Three Hills are the: Fragrant Hill, Jade Spring Hill and Longevity Hill. The Five Gardens are: Garden of Everlasting Spring, Garden of Perfection and Brightness, Garden of Tranquility and Brightness, Garden of Tranquility and Pleasure, Garden of Clear Ripples. In 1750, Emperor Qianlong rebuilt the Garden of Clear Ripples f or the purpose of his mother’s 60th birthday celebration. He changed the hill’s name from Jar Hill into Longevity Hill in order to celebrate his mother’s 60th birthday. He also renamed the lake as Kunming Lake because he wanted to follow the example of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty who had trained his navy centuries before Kunming Pool in Chang’an, the capital city at that time (somewhere near Xi An today).