翻译资料 (2)
2012第10周翻译练习
英译汉：
A
On Cottages in General
For it is not the large houses that live in the memory of the visitor. He goes through them as a matter of duty, and forgets about them as a matter of course. The pictures that linger in his mind，called up in a moment by such sensations as the smell of roses or of new-mown hay，are of a simpler nature. A little cottage nestling amidst the wayside trees, the blue smoke curling up against the green, and a bower of roses round the door; or perhaps a village street of which the name has been long forgotten, with its rambling old inn, and, a little distance away, the hoary, grey church-tower in its township of tombstones--- these are the pictures of old England that are carried away to other climes. And it is the cottage, more homely than the inn, more sacred than the church that we remember best.
Such places have no history at all, their life has not been set in the public eye, and they have always been so wrapt up in their own affairs, that they have never noticed how time is passing, and so they have brought down into the life of today the traditions of two or three hundred years ago.
But though they do not pose, those quiet places, yet it is through them that the deep, main current of English life has flowed. For it is a shallow theory that views history as the annals of a court, or the record of the lives of a few famous men. Doubtless such have their significance, but it is easy to overrate their importance, and they afford but little clue to the life of the people, which is the real history of the country. And，until recent days it was not through the cities that this main stream flowed, but through innumerable little country towns and villages.
Washington Irving grasped this fact nearly a hundred years ago when he wrote: “The stranger who would form a correct opinion of English character must go forth into the country. He must sojourn in villages and hamlets; he must visit castles, villas, farmhouses, cottages; he must wander through parks and gardens, along hedges and green lanes; he must loiter about country churches, attend wakes and fairs and other rural festivals, and cope with the people in all their conditions and all their habits and humors.
And these little villages and hamlets are planted all over England, sometimes close together, sometimes more widely spread, but seldom more than a mile or two apart. Written history may have nothing to say regarding them, but they have helped to make history. They have gathered few legends beyond those which time has written on the walls in weather stains and grey lichen, but the men who were born in those humble cottages have wrought in other lands legends that live today. Their cozy homes were bit newly built when the desperate tides of the civil war surged round them. Half a century later they formed part of the army which “swore terribly in Flanders,” and in fifty years more they were laying the foundations our great Indian empire. Then the arid fields of Spain saw them as they followed the Iron Duke through the dogged years of the peninsular war, and they took part in his
crowning triumph at Waterloo. Later still, India knew them once more, and the snowy trenches of the Crimea, and but yesterday Afghanistan, Egypt, and South Africa called them forth again.
And all the while that those truant birds upheld the name of England abroad, leaving their bones in many lands, their brothers and sisters carried forward the old traditions at home, living their busy, unobtrusive, useful lives, and lying down to rest at last in the old familiar churchyard. And after all, this last is the real life of England, for the sake of which those wars were waged and bloody battles fought. It is the productive life which brings wealth and prosperity and happiness to a nation, and lays the foundation of all that is its honor and its pride.
There is nothing obtrusive about the old cottages. They do not dominate the landscape, but are content to be part of it, and to pass unnoticed unless one looks especially for their homely beauties. The modern house, on the other hand, makes a bid for your notice. It is built on high ground, commands a wide range of country, and is seen from far and wide. But the old cottage prefers to nestle snugly in shady valleys. The trees grow closely about it in an intimate, familiar way, and at a little distance only the wreath of curling smoke tells of its presence.
Indeed the old cottage has always been something so very close and so familiar to us, that its charms have been almost entirely overlooked, and it is only of recent years, when fast falling into decay, that it has formed a theme for pen and pencil. Truth to tell, of late years a change has come over England. The life that the old cottage typifies is now a thing of the past, and is daily fading more and more into the distance. Twentieth-century England, the England of the railway, the telegraph, and the motorcar, is not the England of these old cottages. Our point of view has changed. We no longer see the old homely life from within, but from the outside. But the commonplace of yesterday becomes the poetry of today, such glamour does the magician. Time cast over things, and the life becomes ever more and more attractive as it slips away from us, and we watch it disappear with regretful and kindly eyes.
B
The Warwickshire Avon falls into the Severn here and on the sides of both, for many miles back, there are the finest meadows that ever were seen. In looking over them, and beholding the endless flocks and herds, one wonders what can become of all the meat! By riding on about eight or nine miles farther, however, this wonder is a little diminished; for here we come to one of the devouring WENS: namely, CHELTENHAM, which is what they call a "watering place", that is to say, a place to which East India plunderers, West India floggers, English taxgorgers, together with gluttons, drunkards, and debauchees of all descriptions, female as well as male, resort, at the suggestion of silently laughing quacks, in the hope of getting rid of the bodily consequences of their manifold sins and iniquities. When I enter a place like this, I always feel disposed to squeeze up my nose with my fingers. It is nonsense, to be sure; but I conceit that every two-legged creature, that I see coming near me, is about to cover me with the poisonous proceeds of its impurities. To places like this come all
that is knavish and all that is foolish and all that is base; gamesters, pick-pockets, and harlots; young wife-hunters in search of rich and old women, and young husband-hunters in search of rich and wrinkled or half-rotten men, the former resolutely bent, be the means what they may, to give the latter heirs to their lands and tenements. These things are notorious; and, Sir William Scott, in his speech of 1802, in favor of the non-residence of the Clergy, expressly said, that they and their families ought to appear at watering places, and that this was amongst the means of making them respected by their flocks!
Memorandum: he was a member for Oxford when he said
翻译资料英语
FINANCIAL INNOV ATION Like other industries, the financial industry is in business to earn profits by selling its products. If a soap company perceives that there is a need in the marketplace for a laundry detergent with fabric softener, it develops a product to fit the need .Similarly, in order to maximize their profits, financial institutions develop new products to satisfy their own needs as well as those of their customers; in other words, innovation-which can be extremely beneficial to the economy-is driven by the desire to get (or stay) rich. This view of the innovation process leads to the following simple analysis: A chance in the financial institutions for innovations that are likely to be profitable. Starting in the 1960s, individuals and financial institutions operating in financial markets were confronted with drastic changes in the economic environment: Inflation and interest rates climbed sharply and became hard to predict, a situation that changed demand conditions in financial markets. Computer technology advanced rapidly, which changed supply conditions. In addition, financial regulations became especially inconvenient. Banking institution discovers many old ways of doing business being able to not have earned money again; they provide the masses finance with service and financial products sale neither well. Many financial intermediary is discovered they have no way to raise having arrived at a fund, but these self that will not a suspense of business right away with original tradition finance implement. For existing under new economy environment, research and development puts up banking institution be obliged to being able to satisfy customer need moreover the new product being able to gain a profit of and serving, this process is called financial engineering. In their case, necessity was the mother of innovation. Our discussion of why financial innovation occurs suggests that there are three basic types of financial innovations: Escapism to responding to needing condition change, to the small advantages supplying with condition change and to controlling. We have had one now understandable that banking institution is innovative for instance the cause institutions, let’s look at examples of how financial institutions in their search for profits have produced financial innovations of the three basic types. 1
外文资料及其翻译
A Wavelet Based Approach for Fast Detection of Internal Fault in Power Transformers The power transformer is one of the most expensive elements of power system and its protection is an essential part of the overall system protection strategy. The differential protection provides the best protection for power transformer. Its operation principle is based on this point that the differential current during an internal fault is higher than normal condition. But, a large transient current (inrush current) can cause mal-operation of differential relays. Then, studies for the improvement of the transformer protection have focused on discrimination between internal short circuit faults and inrush currents in transformers. The magnetizing inrush current has a large second order harmonic component in comparison to internal faults. Therefore , some transformer protection systems are designed to halt operating during the inrush current by sensing this large second order harmonic. The second harmonic component in the magnetizing inrush currents tend to be relatively small in modern large power transformers because of improvements in the power transformer core materials. Also , it has been seen that the fault current can contain higher second order harmonics than the inrush current due to nonlinear fault resistance, CT saturation .the distributed capacitance in the transmission line, which transformer is connected to, or due to the use of extra high voltage underground cables. Various methods have been suggested for overcoming this protection system mal-operation. This paper presents a wavelet based method for discrimination among inrush current, internal short circuit ,external short circuit and energizing and it is not affected by CT saturation and it is able to detect internal faults while transformer energization. Unlike Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy logic based algorithms. This approach is not system dependent. The operating time of the scheme is less than 10ms. The Daubechies mother wavelet is used with a sample rate of 5 kHz. Then , the differential currents of the three phases are decomposed into two details and only the second level will be considered by using db5 mother wavelet. Discrete Wavelet Transform The wavelet transform is a powerful tool to extract information from the non-stationary signals simultaneously in both time and frequency domains. The ability of the wavelet transform to focus on short time intervals for high-frequency components and long intervals for low-frequency components improves the analysis
翻译资料
Rise from China Today to Create Your World of Tomorrow An Intermediate Course of Translation and Interpretation in Natural English Series 一. 英语是全世界使用民族最多、使用范围最广的语言，汉语是全世界使用人口最多、使用范围越来越广的语言，在各种情况下把英语或汉语作为母语、第二语言和外国语使用的人数约占全世界人口的一半, 而且正在呈几何级数性增长。语言与文化方面的观察家们认为，随着时代的进一步发展，尤其是随着中国社会的进一步国际化，英汉两种语言之间的翻译将成为全世界信息网络翻译的主要领域。因此，如果你掌握了英、汉这两种人类使用最多的语言及其文化背景，又能在两者之间进行必要的翻译，那么在当代社会你决不会成为落伍者；在国际政治、经济、科学、艺术、交流日益频繁，全球主义文化成为时代主旋律的21世纪，你不费吹灰之力就能找到自己的用武之地。 二. 从事翻译需要在所翻译的两种语言方面都有扎实的功底，但这决不意味着只要两种语言功底好就无需学习翻译。假如你掌握了两种方言，你就会知道，把一种方言翻译成另一种方言也并非容易：有时候一种方言中的词语很难在另一种方言中找到完全对应的词语。方言之间尚且如此，在中西两种语系不同的语种之间进行翻译其难度就可想而知了。不同的语言具有不同的结构体系，其间的概念与各种形式关系并非整齐划一地个个对应，常常难以对号入座。同时，由于语言在具体的语境中使用时千变万化，无论什么双语辞典也都无法解决翻译中所有的具体问题。所以, 一个人即使熟练地掌握了两种语言，可以分别在其中任何一种语言体系中纵横自如，但在翻译时却仍然可能会不知所措，甚至会突然陷入“失语”的尴尬境地。总之，把两种语言分开来讲都讲得很好的人，一旦把二者联系起来讲就可能会遇到麻烦, 甚至哪一种也讲不好！这是因为双语交叉使用时必然会出现二者相互影响、干扰的情况。要证明这一点非常简单：请一个英、汉两种语言都很好但不从事翻译工作的人随意讲一段连续的话，请他/一句汉语一句英语地讲，看看他/能否像连续讲一种语言时那样既自然又流利，既不重复又连贯密切。总之，无数双语工作实践经验已经证明，翻译需要专门的训练，扎实的的双语功底只是通过训练学好翻译的条件。 三. 语言水平的高低永远是相对的, 语言学习也永远没有止境。因此, 我们也不能认为只有语言功底十分扎实，语言水平达到尽善尽美的程度以
英文文献翻译
中等分辨率制备分离的 快速色谱技术 W. Clark Still,* Michael K a h n , and Abhijit Mitra Departm(7nt o/ Chemistry, Columbia Uniuersity,1Veu York, Neu; York 10027 ReceiLied January 26, 1978 我们希望找到一种简单的吸附色谱技术用于有机化合物的常规净化。这种技术是适于传统的有机物大规模制备分离，该技术需使用长柱色谱法。尽管这种技术得到的效果非常好，但是其需要消耗大量的时间，并且由于频带拖尾经常出现低复原率。当分离的样本剂量大于1或者2g时，这些问题显得更加突出。近年来，几种制备系统已经进行了改进，能将分离时间减少到1-3h，并允许各成分的分辨率ΔR f≥（使用薄层色谱分析进行分析）。在这些方法中，在我们的实验室中，媒介压力色谱法1和短柱色谱法2是最成功的。最近，我们发现一种可以将分离速度大幅度提升的技术，可用于反应产物的常规提纯，我们将这种技术称为急骤色谱法。虽然这种技术的分辨率只是中等（ΔR f≥），而且构建这个系统花费非常低，并且能在10-15min内分离重量在的样本。4 急骤色谱法是以空气压力驱动的混合介质压力以及短柱色谱法为基础，专门针对快速分离，介质压力以及短柱色谱已经进行了优化。优化实验是在一组标准条件5下进行的，优化实验使用苯甲醇作为样本，放在一个20mm*5in.的硅胶柱60内，使用Tracor 970紫外检测器监测圆柱的输出。分辨率通过持续时间（r）和峰宽（w,w/2）的比率进行测定的（Figure 1），结果如图2-4所示，图2-4分别放映分辨率随着硅胶颗粒大小、洗脱液流速和样本大小的变化。
翻译资料
False friend 绿豆green bean mung bean 方便面convenience noodles instant noodles 隐形眼镜invisible glasses contact lens 早恋early love puppy love 机械对应 干货dry goods dried goods 油性皮肤oil skin oily skin 没有考虑具体搭配 假花false flower artificial flower 假唱false singing lip-synch 番茄酱tomato sauce ketchup 食言eat one's word break a promise 农民peasant 个人主义individualism 五行 金、木、水、火、土 The Five Elements (metal,wood,water,fire and earth, held by the ancients to compose the physical universe and later used in traditional Chinese medicine to explain various physiological and pathological phenomena) 气功qigong 功夫Kong fu 太极Tai chi 风水Feng shui 阴阳Yin-yang 饺子jiaozi 荔枝litchi乌龙茶oolong 皮蛋Preserved egg 元宵Sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour 粽子A pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves. 盲流Jobless migrants 拔火罐Cupping 拜堂perform the marriage ceremony 易经Book of change号脉Feel the pulse京剧Beijing Opera龙舟Dragon boat 春节Spring Festival 春卷Spring roll 八宝莲子粥Eight-treasure Lotus Seed Porridge 文化大革命Cultural Revolution 毛泽东思想Mao Tse-tung thought 围棋Weiqi—a game played with black and white pieces on a board of 361 crosses 兔死狐悲 Literal trans: Foxes will grieve at the death of the hare Liberal trans: All things are sorry for their own kind 调虎离山 To lure the tiger out of the hills To lure the enemy from his base “我中了他的调虎离山计啦” I’ve fallen for his luring the tiger out of the hills scheme. 引狼入室 Literal: To bring the wolves into the house Liberal: to invite disasters 走马观花 To ride out on horseback to enjoy flowers To gain a superficial understanding through cursory obvservation 调查有两种方法，一种是走马观花，一种是下马看花。
英文简历必备-个人资料中英翻译
个人资料 name 姓名 alias 别名 pen name 笔名 date of birth 出生日期 birth date 出生日期 born 出生于 birth place 出生地点 age 年龄 native place 籍贯 province 省 city 市 autonomous region 自治区prefecture 专区 county 县 nationality 民族，国籍citizenship 国籍 duel citizenship 双重国籍address 地址 current address 目前地址present address 目前地址permanent address 永久地址postal code 邮政编码 home phone 住宅电话 office phone 办公电话business phone 办公电话Tel.电话 sex 性别 male 男
female 女 height 身高 weight 体重 marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况married 已婚 single/unmarried 未婚divorced 离异 separated 分居 number of children 子女人数none 无 street 街 lane 胡同，巷 road 路 district 区 house number 门牌 health 健康状况 health condition 健康状况blood type 血型 short-sighted 近视 far-sighted 远视 color-blind 色盲 ID card No.身份证号码 date of availability 可到职时间available 可到职membership 会员，资格president 会长 vice-president 副会长director 理事 standing director 常务理事
外文翻译 外文资料和译文
. . XX大学XXXXXXX 外文资料和译文 专业：软件工程 班级：软件XXXXX 姓名：XXXXX 学号：XXXXXXXXXXXXXX 指导教师：XXXXXXXX 2009 年 12 月 17 日
原文 1.1 A JSP technology overview Let's begin by talking a little about how JSP pages work. We're going to keep it simple and focus on some of the basics. For more information, see Resources for links to additional JSP technology information. In the traditional sense, JSP pages look very much like HTML pages, with a few extra tags. These tags allow the designer to embed Java code (not JavaScript) in the page itself. A Web application server, like the IBM WebSphere Application Server, will intercept requests for JSP pages. It's tipped off to their existence by the page's extension: .jsp (not .html). The Web application server then preprocesses the JSP page, taking out the JSP tags and any embedded Java code, leaving only the HTML. The extracted JSP tags and embedded Java code are used to build a Java servlet (JSP page servlet) that runs the code and inserts the results back into the original page where the JSP tags used to be. The result is pure HTML. The Java is stripped out and run on the server before the requesting browser sees any result. We can apply the same principle to an XML page. Before the requester of the JSP page containing XML ever sees the XML (be it a browser or some other B2B application), the Java code is stripped out of the JSP page and used to generate additional content, which is inserted back into the page at the points where the JSP tags used to reside. This feature gives you the ability to control exactly where new content is to be inserted, down to the character. We'll look at how to make this work in a minute. First, let's consider why you might want to create dynamic XML using JSP. Why not simply write a Java application or servlet to generate the entire document? Why bother with JSP at all? The most important reason, providing only portions of an XML document are dynamic, is that it makes sense not to regenerate that
翻译资料(黄河)
张远 黄河The Yellow River 黄河是中国第二长河，仅次于长江。全长约5464公里。黄河发源于青海，流经9个省区，最后注入渤海。它被称为“中华文明的摇篮”。黄河流域自古是中国最富饶的地区，也是古代中华文明的诞生地。对黄河的进一步开发和利用将会为实现中国的“四个现代化”做出新的贡献。 The Yellow River Following the Yangtze River, the Yellow River is the second-longest river in China at the estimated length of 5,464 km. Originating in Qinghai, it flows through nine provinces, and empties into the Bohai Sea. The Yellow River is called “the cradle of Chinese civilization”. Its basin was the most prosperous region in early Chinese history, and was the birth place of ancient Chinese civilization. The further exploitation and utilization of the Yellow River will make new contribution to the realization of Four Modernizations of China.
快速外文文献翻译方法
1.宗旨：简单.实用.快速 在科研过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节，许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献，借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。由于特殊原因我翻译外文文献的机会比较多，慢慢地就发现了外文文献翻译过程中的三大利器：Google“翻译”频道、金山词霸（完整版本）和CNKI“翻译助手"。 具体操作过程如下： 1.先打开金山词霸自动取词功能，然后阅读文献； 2.遇到无法理解的长句时，可以交给Google处理，处理后的结果猛一看， 不堪入目，可是经过大脑的再处理后句子的意思基本就明了了； 3.如果通过Google仍然无法理解，感觉就是不同，那肯定是对其中某个“常 用单词”理解有误，因为某些单词看似很简单，但是在文献中有特殊的意思，这时就可以通过CNKI的“翻译助手”来查询相关单词的意思，由于CNKI的单词意思都是来源与大量的文献，所以它的吻合率很高。 另外，在翻译过程中最好以“段落”或者“长句”作为翻译的基本单位，这样才不会造成“只见树木，不见森林”的误导。 在科研过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节，许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献，借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。由于特殊原因我翻译外文文献的机会比较多，慢慢地就发现了外文文献翻译过程中的三大利器：Google“翻译”频道、金山词霸（完整版本）和CNKI“翻译助手"。 具体操作过程如下： 1.先打开金山词霸自动取词功能，然后阅读文献； 2.遇到无法理解的长句时，可以交给Google处理，处理后的结果猛一看，不堪入目，可是经过大脑的再处理后句子的意思基本就明了了； 3. 如果通过Google仍然无法理解，感觉就是不同，那肯定是对其中某个“常用单词”理解有误，因为某些单词看似很简单，但是在文献中有特殊的意思，这时就可以通过CNKI的“翻译助手”来查询相关单词的意思，由于CNKI的单词意思都是来源与大量的文献，所以它的吻合率很高。 另外，在翻译过程中最好以“段落”或者“长句”作为翻译的基本单位，这样才不会造成“只见树木，不见森林”的误导。 注： 1、Google翻译： google，众所周知，谷歌里面的英文文献和资料还算是比较详实的。我利用它是这样的。一方面可以用它查询英文论文，当然这方面的帖子很多，大家可以搜索，在此不赘述。回到我自己说的翻译上来。下面给大家举个例子来说明如何用吧 比如说“电磁感应透明效应”这个词汇你不知道他怎么翻译， 首先你可以在CNKI里查中文的，根据它们的关键词中英文对照来做，一般比较准确。
翻译专业考研资料
翻译专业本科教育为四年，一、二年级的学生必须修读英语系的核心技能课程和基础国情课程， 以继续雕琢英语的听说读写基本功并增进对英语国家社会文化的了解，同时，他们还必须修读专 门设计的小班讲授的中文课程以拓展并提升自己的母语修养。随着基础阶段教学的推进，本专业 的学生将于二年级后半期开始接受口笔译的基础训练；进入三四年级后，他们除了每周8小时的专 题笔译以及各种形式口译的高强度训练外，还需要修读以英文讲授的英语语言和文学、社会和文 化研究、国际政治与经济、国际新闻与传播等领域的选修课程以拓宽知识面，以及各种翻译专业 课程以提升学科意识和从业潜力。本科就业去向包括各大部委、各级政府或企事业单位的翻译或 外事部门、中国驻外机构、涉外出版社、传媒单位、网络媒体的海外部、涉外企业以及跨国公司，具体从事口笔译或更广义的与语言文字相关的设计、策划、咨询、跨文化交流等工作。 (三十九) 翻译理论导论 课程编号：YYY2071 课程名称：翻译理论导论 教学目的与内容： 本课程是一门理论与实践紧密结合的课程，主要内容是用理论来指导实践，通过实践来掌握理论，通过一年的翻译教学使学生掌握最基本的翻译理论，教学内容包括介绍我国翻译的历史、发展、现状和前瞻，翻译的标准和原则,翻译家所应具备的素质，英汉语言对比的分析，英语国家文化特点的汉译，直译与意译,以及翻译的基本过程与过程。如：阅读理解原文——通过上下文来理清词义——最后以汉语语言习惯表达原义等，以语言学理论为指导，在词、词组、句子、篇章四个层次上进行翻译实践，除教材外，可适时补充一些适时性强的新材料（如国际时势评论、科技发展动态等），增强学生对翻译理论的理解。 使用教材 刘宓庆：《当代翻译理论》，中国对外翻译出版公司，1999年 刘宓庆：《文体与翻译》，中国对外翻译出版公司，1986年 参考书目 Eugene A. Nida, Language, Culture, And Translation, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. John I. Saeed, Semantics, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000. Mona Baker, In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation,Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000. 黄忠廉：《翻译变体研究》，中国对外翻译出版公司，2001年 思果：《翻译研究》，中国对外翻译出版公司，2001年 考核方式： 平时成绩占30%，期末考试成绩占70%。 (四十)英汉语言文化对比研究 课程编号：YYY2081 课程名称:英汉语言文化对比研究 教学目的与内容： 鉴于翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析的基础上，本课程旨在通过对英汉两种语言在语法、修辞、文化以及思维方式等方面的对比研究，帮助学生提高英汉双向翻译的水平，要求学生对汉英两种语言各自的特点和之间的相同或相似之处进行较为详细的分析，找出其规律，以期达到更有效地从事口笔译的工作。本课程的主要以讲座和讨论的方式授课，本课程内容大致分为四个部分：词汇对比：包括词汇总特征；构词法；词汇语义学对比，语法对比：包括句型对比；时间概念表达对比；句子成分对比，修辞对比：包括夸张手法、委婉手法和逻辑关系表述对比，语篇对比：包括连贯性、思维的逻辑性、文体的多样性对比。
翻译资料
2015大学英语四级翻译答题技巧及答题步骤 一、答题技巧 现代翻译理论认为，句子是最重要的翻译单位。大学英语四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻译为主。考生如果能够熟练掌握句子翻译的基本方法，那么对于处理四级考试中的句子翻译题必将是如虎添翼。下面我们来介绍几种常用的翻译技巧： (一)分句、合句法 很多情况下，翻译句子的时候，需要调整原来的句子结构，分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法。所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子。所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。 1.分句法 汉译英时，需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句，就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译，则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。 (1)从主语变换处断句 [例1]与会者对这个问题的观点差别太大，以致发生了争吵，一时会场的气氛紧张起来。 The opinions of the attendants about this issue were far from unanimous so that some of them began to quarrel with each other.The atmosphere at the meeting became tense at the moment. (2)从关联词(如转折处)断句 [例2]昨天出了好几起交通事故，或许是因为有大雾的缘故吧! There were several traffic accidents yesterday.Maybe because of the heavy fog. (3)从意义完整、独立处断句
英文翻译资料：各种工具
各种工具toolbox 工具箱 bench 工作台 vice, clamp 虎钳(美作:vise) saw 锯 bow saw 弓锯 circular saw 圆锯(美作:buzzsaw) compass saw, scroll saw 钢丝锯fretsaw 细锯 handsaw 手锯 chisel 口凿 cold chisel, burin 冰凿 gouge, firmer gouge 半圆凿 plane 刨子 moulding plane 型刨 jack plane 粗刨 rabbet plane 槽刨 drawknife 刮刀 scraper 三角刮刀 rasp 粗锉 file 锉 square 尺
miter 斜槽规 scriber 近线尺 set square, triangle 三角板brace 手拉曲柄锉 hand drill 手钻 drill, bit 钻,有柄钻 gimlet, auger 钻,无柄钻countersink 锥口钻 gauge, marking gauge 量规hammer 锤 mallet 木槌 nail 钉 brad 平头钉 tack, stud 圆头钉 screw 螺丝钉 screwdriver 螺丝刀,改锥screw tap 螺丝攻 nail puller 拔钉器 ruler 尺 tape measure 卷尺 folding ruler 折尺sandpaper, emery paper 砂纸
toolbox 工具箱 bench 工作台 vice, clamp 虎钳(美作:vise) saw 锯 bow saw 弓锯 circular saw 圆锯(美作:buzzsaw) compass saw, scroll saw 钢丝锯fretsaw 细锯 handsaw 手锯 chisel 口凿 cold chisel, burin 冰凿 gouge, firmer gouge 半圆凿plane 刨子 moulding plane 型刨 jack plane 粗刨 rabbet plane 槽刨 drawknife 刮刀 scraper 三角刮刀 rasp 粗锉 file 锉 square 尺 miter 斜槽规
外文翻译文献资料
逆变器 SHI TingNa, W ANG Jian 1引言 逆变器是一种电动装置，转换成直流电（DC），交流电流转换的AC（交流）可以在任何所需的电压和频率使用适当的变压器，开关，控制circuits.Solid状态逆变器有没有移动部件，用于广泛的应用范围从小型计算机开关电源，高压大型电力公司电力，运输散装直接电流应用。逆变器通常用于提供交流电源，直流电源，如太阳能电池板或电池。 逆变器的主要有两种类型。修改后的正弦波逆变器的输出是类似方波输出，输出变为零伏前一段时间切换积极或消极的除外。它是简单，成本低，是大多数电子设备兼容，除敏感或专用设备，例如某些激光打印机。一个纯正弦波逆变器产生一个近乎完美的正弦波输出（<3％的总谐波失真），本质上是相同的公用事业提供电网。因此，它是与所有的交流电的电子设备兼容。这是在电网领带逆变器使用的类型。它的设计更复杂，成本5或10倍以上每单位功率电逆变器是一个高功率的电子振荡器。它这样命名，因为早期的机械AC到DC转换器工作在反向，因而被“倒”，将直流电转换AC.The变频器执行的整流器对面功能。 2应用 2.1直流电源利用率 逆变器从交流电力来源，如电池，太阳能电池板，燃料电池的直流电转换成。电力，可以在任何所需的电压，特别是它可以操作交流电源操作而设计的设备，或纠正，以产生任何所需的voltage Grid领带逆变器的直流送入分销网络的能量，因为它们产生电流交替使用相同的波形和频率分配制度提供。他们还可以关掉一个blackout.Micro逆变器的情况下自动转换成交流电电网的电流直接从当前个别太阳
能电池板。默认情况下，他们是格领带设计。 2.2不间断电源 不间断电源（UPS），电池和逆变器，交流电源，主电源不可用时使用。当主电源恢复正常时，整流提供直流电源给电池充电。 2.3感应加热 逆变器的低频交流主电源转换到更高频率的感应加热使用。要做到这一点，首先纠正交流电源提供直流电源。逆变器，然后改变高频率的交流电源，直流电源。 2.4高压直流输电 随着高压直流输电，交流电源经过整流和高压直流电源传输到另一个位置。在接收的位置，在静态逆变器厂逆变器转换回交流电源。 2.5变频驱动器 一个变频驱动控制向电动机提供电源的频率和电压控制交流电机的运行速度。逆变器提供控制电源。在大多数情况下，变频驱动，包括整流器，使逆变器的直流电源，可从交流主电源提供。由于逆变器是关键部件，变频驱动，有时被称为逆变器驱动器，或只是逆变器。 2.6电动汽车驱动器 目前使用的权力，在一些电动和柴油- 电动轨道车辆以及一些电池的电动汽车和混合动力电动公路车辆，如丰田Prius和菲斯克噶牵引电机调速电机控制逆变器。变频技术的各种改进正在开发专门用于电动汽车的应用。[2]在再生制动的车辆，逆变器也需要从电机（作为发电机）的权力，并储存在电池中。 2.7一般情况下 一个变压器，使交流电源转换为任何所需的电压，但在相同的频率。直流逆变器，加上整流器，可以被用来转换从任何电压，交流或直流，任何其他的电压，
翻译资料
Direction: read the following sentences and their translation. Try to figure out the difference between them. 1)长城跨越连绵的山岭峡谷，全长12，700里。 The Great Wall crosses a series of mountains and gullies, stretching 12,70 0 li, or 6,350 kilometres. 2)左边有一巨石，石上原有苏东坡手书"云外流春"四个大字。 To the left is another rock formerly engraved with four big Chinese characters Yun Wai Liu Chun ( beyond clouds flows spring) written by Su Dongpo (1037--1101), the most versatile poet of the Northern Song Dynasty (960--1127). 3)20世纪20年代初，北京成了中国新民主主义革命的摇篮。具有历史意义的五四运动就是从这里开始的。 In the early 1920s, Beijing became the cradle of China' s new democratic revolution. The historic May Fourth Movement, a massive student moveme nt against imperialism and feudalism, began here in 1919. 4)林边有一个洞，叫白龙洞。传说白娘子曾经在这里修炼。 Near the forest is the White Dragon Cave which is said to be the very pla ce where Lady White, the legendary heroine of The Story of the White Sna ke, cultivated herself according to Buddhist doctrine. 5)相传在中国古代，洪水肆虐，人民苦不堪言。大禹决心治水，但船不能行，有黄龙来为他负舟，于是导水成功。 Legend has it that some 4,000 years ago, when great floods threatened the people of central China, Yu the Great resolved to tame the mighty rivers. He journeyed inland in a boat, but was soon stopped by the torrent current. Fortunately, a yellow dragon appeared and bore the boat upstream as far as it could go. Yu succeeded in controlling the flood and went on to found the 500-year Xia Dynasty... 6)游客可以去杨贵妃洗澡的华清池洗温泉浴。 Tourists may bathe in the warm mineral water in Huaqing Hot Springs, the site of the private baths for Lady Yang, a favourite concubine of the Tang emperor. 2．这一部分练习目的有三。一、专有名词的译法；二、向城市翻译过渡；三，强调译者的责任，向学生展示翻译的过程—主要通过note部分体现。 1）Please read and improve version A and then compare your version with Version B. If there is anything you can learn from it, try to state the reasons. 2）Pay attention to the translation of proper nouns, such as “南方”, “有锡”, “无锡”, “京杭大运河”, “京沪铁路”. 无锡