跨文化交际论文

A Comparison on the Face Culture Between China and America Based on the Etiquette of Payment

A Thesis Submitted to

the Department of Foreign Languages of Hefei University

In Intercultural Communication

by

November 2016

A Comparison on the Face Culture Between China

and America Based on the Etiquette of Payment

Abstract

As a complex social psychological phenomenon, the importance of face receives widespread attention, because it plays a vital role for the success of cross-cultural communicat ion. The Chinese people appreciate “collectivism”, and emphasize proper ways of life and the status that everybody has in community. Comparatively speaking, American people pay much attention to “freedom” and “individualism”. This thesis mainly discusses the differences between Chinese and American face culture based on the Payment, which could help people avoid awkward situations in the process of cross-culture communication, then improve communicator’s communicative competence.

Key words: cross-culture communication; collectivism; individualism; payment

面子文化在中美付款礼节的分析

摘要

作为社会心理的一种现象，因其在跨文化交际中的重要作用，面子文化得到了大家普遍的重视。中国人崇尚集体主义，强调人的身份和地位。相对地，美国人却更加注重自由思想和个人主义。本文通过讨论中美在付款礼节的不同，以此来帮助人们在跨文化交际中避免尴尬的局面和改善交际者的交际能力。

关键词：跨文化交际；集体主义；个人主义；付款

1.Introduction

The term face idiomatically represents one's own sense of dignity or prestige in social contexts. Face is something that is emotionally invested, and that can be lost, maintained, or enhanced, and must be constantly attended to in interaction. In general, people cooperate and assume each other's cooperation in maintaining face in interaction, such cooperation being based on the mutual vulnerability of face. In China and American, the expression "To save face" describes the lengths that an individual may go to in order to preserve their established position in society, taking action to ensure that one is not thought badly of by his or her peers. And the etiquette of payment also varies from Chinese and American.

2.Etiquette of payment in China and America

2.1Etiquette in China

In China, people also see that one men who pay for the expense for all of the people who accompany him. For example, in Chinese restaurant, Chinese always get together and share their happiness or sadness when they are eating. When they finish their food, people don’t need to worry about who will pay for this meal, because, generally, most of them come to the reception desk to struggle to pay for the expenditure. Someone even pay for the meal in advance, which can earn his face, and others will thank for him, and he also can get a sense of satisfaction. So in China, if one man invite you to have a dinner, which mostly means he will pay for you.

2.2Etiquette in American

In American, people tend to have dinner for payment of AA system, which means they have to pay for themselves, even one couples following AA system too. So when people invite another one to have a dinner, he just want you to come with him. If he say, it’s my treat. Then he will pay for the expense. So it’s common that people see Americans gather money to pay for the check when they have relished their food.

3.The reasons for the differences of payment of Chinese and American

China has a long history, one of the traditional culture of confucian values pay the attention to the cordiality. They are many things which can be solved by a meal. We also can know that Chinese regard the payment for meal as a kind of investment. They believe they can get reward. There is a saying “Courtesy demands reciprocity” in China, and this saying just reflect this phenomenon. Chinese pay their attention to the collectivism. These collectivism culture reinforce extended families and collectives where everyone takes responsibility for fellow members of their group. So Chinese always pay for the meal positively in order to get fame or be respected by others.

While in America, American are keen on AA payment system. They think that this kind of system is a kind of respect to other’s privacy. They pay the attention to the interest and doesn’t want to own other people anything. Their won’t solve the problems on the table. They just want to appreciate the meal. We know that America praise highly on freedom and American is belonging to the group of individualism, competition rather than cooperation is encouraged; personal goals take precedence over group goals; people tend not to be emotionally dependent on organizations and institutions; and every individual has the right to his/her private property, thoughts and opinions. So they won’t pay for others, they just want to deal with his own business.

4.The importance of knowing the difference of payment

Supposing that one Chinese goes to America one day, one of his new friend say to him:“ hey, buddy! Do you want to get a food with me?” “why not.” Then they come to eat together. When they finish the food, the Chinese sit to wait the American to pay, when the American pay for the food, the Chinese guy become mad because the American only pay for himself, so he has to pay for his expense. Then when they get out of the restaurant, the Chinese guy wear a mad impression on his face and only say

bye to the American without any other words. As a Chinese, he thought that what this American friend done has make him lost his face. But for the American, he thought that he use a normal way to make friends and keep both of them has face, why the Chinese guy feel angry with me. This kind of awkward situation caused by their different face culture background, if any of them know the differences between the two kind of cultures, this embarrassing situation will be avoided.

5.Conclusion

Face is central to intercultural communication or cross-cultural communication.In some instances, protecting against loss of face becomes so central an issue that it swamps the importance of the tangible issues at stake and generates intense conflicts that can impede progress toward agreement and increase substantially the costs of conflict resolution. From the differences of payment between China and America, we are expected to know the different face culture aspects of different countries more so that the awkward situations can be avoided.

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[3]LV JING. 从社交网络的角度分析中国赴美留学生的跨文化适应[D]. 西安

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跨文化交际论文参考问题

中西方文化差异的论文题目： 中西方时间观念的比较 中西方饮食文化的比较 中西方教育的比较 中西方问候语的比较 中西方餐桌礼仪的差异 中西方宗教文化对比 中西方儿童文学的差异 从文字比较看中西方文化差异 礼貌中的中西方“面子文化”差异 论中西方激励机制的差异比较和在医疗管 理中的应用 英语教学中的文化教学——中西方文化差 异对比分析 中西方价值观差异对交际模式的影响　 从历史中透视中西方经济差异形成的原因　浅谈跨越中西方文化障碍 日常生活中的中西方文化差异 浅析中西方隐私观的差异　 中西方古代体育和谐思想比较研究 中西方传统犯罪控制思想之比较 土地与海洋的对话——中西方文化与人格 差异之浅见　 汉英商标翻译与中西方文化差异 中西方孝文化探析　 从文化视角看中西方教育思想的差异 中西方语言与文化的差异　 中西方哲学语言观的差异 浅析中西方文化差异对翻译的影响 从素质教育看中西方教育的差异及思考　 中西方立宪文化差异比较——以价值观为 视角 影响跨文化交际的主要因素——中西方价值观念差异 中西方股票期权制度实际操作的差异性分 析 英美社会与文化论文 1. The Contrast and Analyses of Customs

in Britain and China 英国和中国习俗之研究 2. Cultural Connotation of English Names 英语姓名的文化内涵 3. Black Culture and American English 黑人文化与美国英语 4. The Phenomenon of “Political Correctness” in American English 论美国英语中的政治正确现象 5. English Euphemism and Culture 文化因素与委婉语 6. Cultural Differences in Address Terms: English and Chinese 英汉称呼语中的文化差异 7．Influence of Greek Myths to British and American Culture 希腊神话与英美文化 8. An Investigation on Intercultural Communication Competence and Intercultural Sensitivity Among Chinese College Students 关于中国大学生跨文化交际能力和跨文化 敏感度的调查 9. Cross-Cultural Awareness in Translating Tourist Materials 中国旅游资料翻译中的跨文化意识 10. Cross-Cultural Training in Chinese Universities 中国大学中的跨文化培训 11. Acculturation Strategies among Chinese Overseas Students 中国海外留学生的文化适应策略 12. On Tour Commentary Translation---An Intercultural Communication Perspective 从跨文化角度看导游词翻译 13. Intercultural Communication on the Internet 互联网上的跨文化交际 14. On the Application of Theatrical Tricks to

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跨文化交际之中西文化冲突 “跨文化交际”的英语名称是"intercultural communication"或 “cross-cultural communication”。它指本族语者与非本族语者之间的交际, 也指任何在语言和文化背景方面有差异的人们之间的交际。 一、造成文化冲突现象的原因探究 由于不同的民族所处的生态、物质、社会及宗教等环境不同, 因而各自的语言环境产生了不同的语言习惯、社会文化、风土人情等等诸语境因素。 不同文化背景造成人们说话方式或习惯不尽相同。因此, 在交流中, 人们总喜欢用自己的说话方式来解释对方的话语,这就可能对对方的话语做出不准确的推论, 从而产生冲突和故障。在跨文化交际中,交际的双方若不能进入同一文化背景之中, 就容易产生不解或误解,从而使交际失败。 二、中西文化的产生背景差异 中国文化是在黄土高原上孕育和发展起来的，然后在华北平原，再后是往长江以南发展，保持着长期的连续性和稳定性。中国的思想文化是儒学定于一尊而又兼容释道的文化。它以其特有的悠久、单纯的传统，以其特有的凝聚力和消化力，进入了近代世界一体化和文化大交流的时期。拥有上下五千年渊源历史宝贵遗产的炎黄子孙，在当今的21世纪现代社会，仍然遗传了祖先们的优良传统。 西方近现代文化主要是从古希腊罗马的异教文化发展过来的。古希腊伦理学和价值观的基本特征则表现为尚知和崇理，至善在于"作为一个自然存在的人的完善"，尤其是理智、哲学的沉思被强调为最高的德性。古希腊人是乐生的，立足此世的，他们是多神论的，他们的人生观是自然主义的。孕育和起源于海边的文化注定了他们性格上的开放。这是与中国文化的大不同！ 三、中西跨文化交际中经常出现的文化冲突 在中西跨文化交际中会出现的文化冲突有很多种，在这里我们列出几种比较常见的文化冲突。 1、私方面的冲突

跨文化交际论文

摘要：谚语是一个民族吸取自己优秀文化的成果，其言简意赅、内涵丰富并在民间广泛使用。本文通过对英汉谚语文化差异的分析，力求加深对英汉谚语的理解，提高对英汉谚语的运用和翻译能力。 关键词：谚语文化差异翻译 1. 引言 谚语（proverb or saying）是人民群众在生产生活中提炼出来的智慧结晶，是一个民族的语言和文化的重要组成部分。《辞海》（2000年版，491页）是这样定义的：谚语是?流传于民间的简练通俗而富于意义的语句?。《朗文当代高级辞典》给谚语下的定义是：?a short well-known supposedly wise saying in simple language?。谚语和一个民族的历史背景、生活习惯、地理环境、民族心理、意识形态等是密切相连的。 2. 英汉谚语的文化差异基于不同的文化背景而形成的谚语有着较大的差别，以下将从审美角度、自然环境、宗教信仰、思想观念等几个方面对英汉谚语的差异进行分析。 2.1 审美差异在诸多英汉谚语差异中，最为典型的要属对待动物的态度了，其中，龙的例子最为人所熟知，在中国，龙代表帝王，象征吉利的动物，有不可思议的力量。因此有谚语?龙眼识珠，凤眼识宅?、?龙投大海，虎奔高山?。而英美却认为?dragon?是邪恶的象征，如sow dragon’s teeth等等。在汉语中习惯用老虎来形容勇敢、凶猛、威严，在西方，狮子常被尊为百兽之王。因此，我们在翻译含?lion?（狮子）的习语和谚语时不妨用?虎?取而代之则更符合中国人的认同感。如：come in like a lion and go out like a lam b 虎头蛇尾；like a key in a lion' s hide狐假虎威等。 2.2 自然差异中英两国所处的地域不同，自然环境、山川物产、气候差异与历史发展轨迹千差万别。英国乃岛国，英民族生活在四面临海的岛上，擅长航海，所以英语里有很多与?航海?有关的谚语:A smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner 平静的大海练不出好水手，To keep one’s head above water奋力图存；而汉民族生活在以农业经济为主的广袤大陆上，谚语很多和农业生产有关. 民以食为天；瑞雪兆丰年；四体不勤，五谷不分等。 2.3 宗教信仰差异宗教信仰是人们精神活动的一个方面，是民族文化的重要组成部分。基督教是英美国家的主要宗教信仰，而中国人受佛教和道家思想影响较大，由此产生了许多独具宗教特色的谚语，如佛教?不看僧面看佛面?、?放下屠刀，立地成佛?、?善有善报，恶有恶报?。再如道教?八仙过海各显神通?、?道高一尺，魔高一丈?、?福兮祸之所伏，祸兮福之所倚?、等等。而英国的典故主要来自《圣经》、古希腊神话等西方经典著作，如God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者。Whom God would ruin he first sends mad.上帝欲毁灭之，必先使其疯狂。 2.4 思想观念差异英民族强调众生平等，Human blood is all of a color. 人类血的颜色是一样的。 A cat may look at a king人人平等；而汉民族却有较强的等级观念，家族讲家法，讲辈分；社会讲宗法，将尊卑。谚语中有?父母在，不远游?、?千里烧香，不如在家敬爹娘?。西方道德中，比较注重子女自己独立的人格，这一点体现在如?Children are not to be blamed for the faults of their parents.?的谚语中。还有?All stratagems are fair in love?、?Love is without reason?等就体现了男女平等 ,自由恋爱。英民族有着开拓进取、永争第一的勇气，?Keep up with the Jones. ?赶上富邻居，争比阔绰。而深受儒家?中庸?之道影响的汉民族则怕出头，?枪打出头鸟、出头的椽子先烂?等。 3. 翻译策略 正如刘宓庆说的：?文化翻译的任务不是翻译文化，而是翻译容载或含蕴着文化信息的意义。意义始终是我们关注的中心：它既是我们的出发点，又是我们的落脚点。?[1](p83)本着抛砖引玉的想法，笔者试从以下几方面谈谈英汉谚语的翻译策略。

跨文化交际论文

西南大学本科生课程论文 论文题目：An Understanding of “Language-and-Culture, Two Sides of the Same Coin in the Perspective of Intercultural Communication” 课程名称：跨文化交际 任课教师：杨杰 专业：英语（师范） 班级：200级11班 学号：222009310011324 姓名：王小青 2011 年12 月23 日 西南大学外国语学院制

An Understanding of “Language-and-Culture, Two Sides of the Same Coin in the Perspective of Intercultural C ommunication” WANG Xiaoqing Abstract:As we all know, we express our thoughts by means of language. However, while we using language, we convey culture at the same time. As for color, it’s a part of language, so it including culture, too. There are differences in the use of colors and color words between Chinese and English cultures. The different cultures bring different attitudes toward the same color because of different culture background, they reveal wide connotation of cultures. We should pay attention to observing not only their basic meanings, but also the deep and broad symbolic meanings. The symbolic meanings of color words often have different features in different language cultures. And some of them even have become taboos and adornments since the meanings of the color words are extended and transferred. Meanwhile, the cultural exchanges and the color views have similar phenomenon and coincidence in the languages. Key W ords: Color words; cultural differences; symbolic meanings; comparison I. Introduction Color is an important part of our life. Color words help us to understand the world around, like our sense of taste and smell. The basic color words in English such as red, yellow, white, black, not only express the colors of objective things, but also the obstruct things. The color words have specified semantic meanings in different cultures. Without understanding of them, we will probably run into obstacles or make a fun of ourselves in communication. Therefore learning and grasping the symbolic meanings of color words are important. Good understanding of the symbolic meanings of color words can help us communicate effectively among people from different countries. This paper tries to illustrate the different symbolic meanings of color words in Chinese and English cultures by comparison and analysis of them. II. Color and Culture Color words, in whatever languages, are used for describing different things. The statistics show that there are more than 7 million kinds of colors can be recognized in the nature. However, the color names are very limited in the languages because there are only dozens of colors

跨文化交际论文

Abstract With the high development of globalization, the intercultural communication among countries tends to be unavoidable. We are doomed to communicate with people of different cultural backgrounds. However, the communication may be hindered by the different cultures, for example, the languages, communication styles, religions, life backgrounds, and local customs. Even the environment we live in and our personality can influence our communication. Therefore，the author makes an exploration on cultivating English major students'intercultural communicative competence(ICC). Thesis firstly explains the importance of developing intercultural communicative competence, and shows the problems of teaching students'ICC. And then it introduces the definition and elements of ICC. Finally, it talks about the importance of emphasis on exploring ways of ICC. Key words: intercultural communicative competence; cultivation; strategies 摘要 随着全球化进程的加速，世界各国之间的跨文化交流不可避免。我们注定要和来自不同文化背景的人交流，沟通。然而，不同的语言、交流方式、宗教信仰、生活背景、地方习俗等文化层面因素，以及我们的交流环境、个人习惯，都影响我们的沟通能力和方式。因此，本文就针对英语专业学生如何培养学生跨文化交际能力进行了探索。首先阐述培养跨文化交流能力的重要性，指出外语教学在培养学生跨文化交流能力存在的问题。其次阐明跨文化交流能力的概念和组成部分。

跨文化交际论文

2017年上半年 《跨文化交际概论》课程论文 题目：从电影《女婿》看东西方跨文化交际的差异 院系：文学与传媒学院 专业班级：国教本16班 学号：2016112543 姓名：黄妍妍 批阅教师：韦昌宁

从电影《女婿》看东西方跨文化交际的差异 世界之大，无奇不有，总是会存在着方方面面的差异。而文化则是其中的一个方面。所谓文化是通过某个民族的活动而表现出来的一种思维和行动方式，一种使这个民族不同于其他任何民族的方式。而世界上大多数社会中都可能存在着若干群体或社团，这些群体或社团对地域、历史、生活方式及价值观等方面的共享，使其成员形成，发展并强化了自己独特的文化及与之相适应的交际文化。 对跨文化交际的概念可以这样界定：在特定的交际情景中，具有不同的文化背景的交际者使用同一种语言（母语或目的语）进行的口语交际。这实际上是包含了许多不同的维面。在跨文化交际中，有融合也会有冲突，这就需要做到求同存异。 最近，我看了一部有关跨文化交际的电影，名叫《女婿》，别名称《岳父岳母真难当》。这是一部法国影片，初次听到这个名字，以为像国内家庭剧一样是无趣的，其实不然。它的主题比较独特，是有关在跨文化交际背景下体现出东西方间的文化冲突。该影片主要讲述的是一个信奉天主教的法国旧式传统资产阶级家庭中有四个女儿。三个女儿分别找了阿拉伯、犹太和中国丈夫，有三种不同的跨国婚姻。而老夫妻唯独期盼剩下未嫁的小女儿能找一个信奉天主教的法国白人，结果没想到小女儿找了一个非裔黑人。在这对夫妻与他们的女儿女婿相处及在筹备小女儿婚礼的过程中，由于文化差异，产生了一些令人啼笑皆非和感动的故事。该影片虽是一部轻松搞笑的家庭喜剧，但片中却处处体现出来自不同国家，不同宗教，不同种族的文化冲突和对于社会现实的抨击。由此，可从这部影片中看出东西方跨文化交际的差异和从以下方面进行论述。 一．宗教方面 （一）在影片里，玛丽问二女儿一家要为外孙取什么样的名字，犹太女婿笑称在安东尼，卢卡或穆罕默德三个名字间犹豫。克劳德既要表现出心胸宽广包容性强的样子，但实际内心对穆罕默德这个名字及其排斥。因为前两个名字是传统的法国天主教名字，而穆罕默德则是与犹太教穆斯林有关。这体现出了不同国家，不同宗教间在取名字上的差异性。

跨文化交际英语论文

The Necessity of Intercultural Communication People can not live without Communication. Communication is everywhere. Even when they are alone, people are bombarded with communication. Human communication—that is, the ability to use language, the ability to exchange ideas with people around us in different cultures. Communication with others is the essence of what it means to be human. Communication which is very important to our humans is the vehicle by which people initiate, maintain, and terminate their relationships with others. Like communication, culture is prevalence and has a profound effect on humans. Culture is also invisible yet pervasive. As we go about our daily lives, we do not have a great sence of our culture’s influence. Culture exist everywhere around us between different nations even different countries. Culture has a direct influence on the physical, relational and perceptual environment. Yet most of our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are profoundly affected by different cultures. In addition to the rapid growth of modern society, People have more and more exchanges, the importance of intercultural communication is becoming more important. Intercultural communication occurs whenever a minimum of two persons from different cultures or countries come together and exchange verbal and nonverbal symbols. It can occurs everywhere. For example, When we do business with people from different cultures or different countries, we need to communicate with them, we need exchange different views about the business on the matter of information . A main theme throughout this text is that intercultural communication is indispensable. Successfully communicatting with someone from a different culture or different countries which is very difficult to our human requires a degree of communication competence. Most models of communication competence include a affective, and behavioral component, which is indispensable in cross-cultural communication. With the rapid growth of the modern society, the benefits of the Intercultural communication are even greater. Communicating and establishing relationships with people from different cultures can lead to a whole host of benefits, including healthier communities; increased international, national, and local commerce; reduced conflict; and personal growth through increased tolerance. Through open and honest intercultural communication, people can work together to achieve goals that benefit everyone, regardless of group or culture, including the global community in the home, business, or neighborhood. Healthy communities support all community members and strive to understand, appreciate, and acknowledge each member. Our ability to interact with persons from different cultures brought us many benefits, through cross-cultural exchange, we can learn about the other countries'way of life, also we can understand their industry structure, thus we can do commercial exchanges and academic communication with them, the academic has No boundaries, only through the exchange, we can get more academic knowledge, our communication will be easier and there will be less conflict between people of different cultures. As mentioned earlier in this text, when we come together with a person from a different culture, we may feel uncertain, apprehensive and anxious. Such feelings are stressful. Hence, sometimes intercultural communication can be stressful. The good news is that we can learn and adapt to such stress and. During intercultural communication we have to keep in our mind that the communication strategies we use with persons with whom we are familiar may not be effective with persons from other cultures. Thus, we have to learn to adapt and adjust our communication style. We have to recognize that we will make mistakes, learn from them, adapt, and move on. A good beginning point

跨文化交际论文

性格决定做事方法和做事结果 关于性格的定义十分广泛，但主要包括以下两种： 第一种，人对现实的态度和行为方式中较稳定的个性心理特征，是个性的核心部分，最能表现个别差异，具有复杂的结构。大体包括：(1)对现实和自己的态度的特征，如诚实或虚伪、谦逊或骄傲等。(2)意志特征，如勇敢或怯懦、果断或优柔寡断等。(3)情绪特征，如热情或冷漠、开朗或抑郁等。(4)情绪理智特征。如思维敏捷、深刻、逻辑性强或思维迟缓、浅薄、没有逻辑性等。[1] 第二种，是一个心理学术语。指一个人在对现实的稳定的态度和习惯了的行为方式中表现出来的人格特征，它表现一个人的品德，受人的价值观、人生观、世界观的影响。性格是在后天社会环境中逐渐形成的，是人的核心的人格差异。性格有好坏之分，能最直接地反映出一个人的道德风貌。 很多人容易把性格与本性弄混，认为两个词是同一个意思，但其实两者之间有着本质区别。性格是后天形成的，比如腼腆的性格、果断的性格等。而本性是人天生所具有的，不可改变的思维方式，比如自尊心，虚荣心，荣誉感等。 在我所学的跨文化交际课程中，课程的刚开始就提到了有关性格的内容。那性格与跨文化交际有着怎样的关系呢?首先，我来谈谈跨文化交际（cross-cultural communication），即本族语者与非本族语者之间的交际，也指任何在语言和文化背景方面有差异的人们之间的交际。通俗来说就是如果你和处于不同语言和文化背景下的外国人打交道，应该注意什么问题，应该如何得体地去交流。而我们都知道不同国家的人有着不一样的性格，不同的性格会有迥然不同的交际方式和习惯，所以若想更好地与不同民族、不同地域的人打交道，提前了解他们的性格不失为一个好方法。 有人可能会提出疑问，性格对一个人的影响真的有这么大吗？谈到这个问题，我想到了一个有关不同国家的人不同性格的经典故事： 有三个人要被关进监狱三年，监狱长给他们一人一个要求。美国人爱抽雪茄，要了三箱雪茄。法国人最浪漫，要一个美丽的女子相伴。而犹太人说，他要一部与外界沟通的电话。三年过后，第一个冲出来的是美国人，嘴里鼻孔里塞满了雪茄，大喊道：“给我火，给我火！”原来他忘了要火。接着出来的是法国人，