土木工程专业英语词汇短语总结

Lesson 1 Introduction to Mechanics of Materials 材料力学mechanics of materials

材料强度strength of materials

轴向受力杆件axially-loaded bars

应变strain

应力stress

变形deformation

临界荷载critical load

拉压剪tension compression shear

等直杆件prismatic bar

轴力axial force

隔离体free body

拉力tensile force

截面cross section

形心centroid

无量纲的量nondimensional quantity

可变形的deformable

装配，集合assembly

推论derivation

方程equation

性能property

棱柱的prismatic

液体静力学的hydrostatic

集度，强度intensity

合力resultant

静力学statics 伸长，延长elongation

Lesson 2 Types of Beams and Stress Resultants in

Beams

横截的transverse

对称symmetry

弯曲bending

不对称的unsymmetrical/asymmetrical

销轴pin

滚轴roller

移动translate

水平地horizontally

支撑，支持sustain

嵌住的built-in

悬臂梁cantilever

悬臂overhang

均匀的，一致的uniformly

力偶couple

约束restraint

柔性的flexible

法向的，正态normal

图像diagram

对称轴axis of symmetry

简支梁simply supported beam(simple beam)

集中力concentrated force

分布力distributed load

均布荷载uniformly distributed load

静力学平衡方程equation of static equilibrium

竖向vertical direction

跨度，区间span

应力分布distribution of stresses

弯矩bending moment

静定statically determinate

水平约束horizontal restraint

Lesson 3 Principal Stresses in Beams

法向应力normal stress

剪应力shear stress

横截面cross section

中性轴neutral axis

主应力principal stress

弯矩M和剪力V bending moment and shear

force

主压应力compressive principal stress

主拉应力tensile principal stress

正交曲线orthogonal curves

应力迹线stress trajectory

应力等值线stress contour

局部效应localized effects

应力集中stress concentration

大小，数量magnitude

矩形的rectangular

相交intersect

腹板web

连接junction

角缝fillet

Lesson 4 Continuous Beams

连续梁continuous beam

轴向变形axial deformations

销轴支承pin support

辊轴支承roller support

静不定次数the degree of statical indetermincy 多余的redundant

叠加、迭加superposition

旋转角angles of rotation

正弯矩positive bending moment

形心间距centroidal distance

惯性矩inertia

中间的intermediate

有利的advantageous

同时的simultaneous

协调一致compactibility

Lesson 5 Unit-load Method for Calculating Displacements

单位荷载法：unit-load method

简单桁架simple trusses

静定/静不定结构statically determinate/indeterminate structure

虚荷载dummy/fictitious load

移动translation 共线反向力collinear and oppositely directed

forces

虚功virtual work

相对位移relative displacement

扭转力偶twisting couple

与。。。一致correspond to...

笼统地in a generalized sense

Lesson 6 Reciprocal Theorems

互等定理reciprocal theorems

位移。。。reciprocal displacement theorem

线弹性结构linearly elastic structure

相应的概念the concept of correspondence

迭加原理principle of superposition

应变能strain energy

线性地linearly

按顺序in sequence

根据in accordance with

Lesson 7 Slipforms

滑模（施工）slipform

凸出物，凸部projection

凹部depression

挤压成型extrusion

企口，沟，槽groove

厚板plank

弯，起拱camber

膨胀swell

架yoke

千斤顶jack

脚手架scaffold

误差deviation

推论derivation

叠加(动词) superimpose

逐渐变细taper

桥墩bridge piers

钢筋和预埋铁件reinforcing steel and metal inserts

摩擦friction

气动pneumatically

电动electrically

减少压力conteract the pressure

保持湿度keep the concrete moist

喷雾器fog spray

担任act as

在非常情况下in extreme cases

第8课：

升板法Lift-Slab Method

施工方法method of construction

连续地in succession

底层的，下垫的underlying

箱型出口box-out

液压千斤顶hydraulic jack

锚杆anchor

支撑，牛腿，托座bracket

竖向支撑sway bracing

横向支撑lateral bracing

剪力墙shear wall

叠nest

先张法pretensioning

后张法posttensioning

突（凸）出的protruding

（开）凹槽recess

套筒式的telescopic

吊杆，悬臂boom

焊接weld

屋顶层，阁楼garret

起重机，吊车crane

刚度核心core of rigidity

滑模slipform

布置，定线layout

地震引起的seismic

预制，装配prefabrictate

第9课：

挖掘excavation

公制的模数单元metric modular unit

Lesson 13 Strength and Deformation of Concrete in Compression

short-time loading 短期荷载

stress-strain relationship 应力应变关系moderate testing speed 中等试验速度compressive strength 抗压强度

high-strength concrete 高强混凝土

modulus of elasiticity 弹性模量

slope 斜率

stress-strain curve 应力应变曲线

reasonable accuracy 相当精度

empirical equation 经验公式

unit weigh 单位重量

hardened concrete 硬结的混凝土

sand-and-stone concrete砂石混凝土

hydrate 水化

reinforced-concrete 钢筋混凝土

lower-story较低层的

high-rise building 高层建筑

brittleness 脆性的

specimen 样品

longitudinal 轴心的，纵向的

schematically 图解法

prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土

cylinder strength 圆柱体强度

condition of loading 加载条件

internal disintegration of the material 材料内部分

裂

transverse to 垂直于

Poission’s ratio 泊松比

longtime loading 长期荷载

engineering material 工程材料

duration of loading 荷载持续时间

rate of stress 应力变化率

rate of loading 加载速率

behavior of concrete 混凝土性能

creep 徐变

property of material 材料性能

continue deforming 持续变形

considerable length of time 相当长

constant stress 恒定应力

instantaneous strain 瞬时应变

total deformation 总变形

solid curve 实现

dashed curve 虚线

elastic instantaneous stain 弹性瞬时应变

reload 重新加载

be proportional to …与…成比例

ambient relative humidity 环境相对湿度

an outward migration of free pore water 游离孔隙

水向外流动

final asymptotic value 最终渐近值

the creep coefficient 徐变系数

lesson 14

combined stress 联合应力

footing 基础

slab 板

principal stress 主应力

biaxial 双轴的

triaxial 三轴的

maximum-tension stress 最大拉应力

mean normal stress 平均正应力

failure criterion 破环标准

interaction diagram 相关图nondimensionalize 使无量纲化nondimensional 无量钢的

quadrant 扇形

failure envelope 破坏包络线

uniaxial compression 单轴压缩

lesson 15

附加长期绕度additional longtime deflection 收缩shrinkage

蠕变creep

低/高强度low/high-strength

一个当量an equivalent

长期模量sustained modulus

持续荷载sustained loads

瞬时绕度short-time deflection/instantaneous deflection

受弯构件flexural menber

配合曲线curve-fitting 正弯曲的positive-bending

负弯曲的negative-bending

正弯矩区和负弯矩区positive-and

negative-bending regions

受压筋含钢compression-steel

受拉筋含钢率tensile-steel radio

参数parameter

荷载与绕度load-deflection

非线性nonlinear

随时间变化的time-dependent

允许permit

复杂的elaborate

场所lieu

直接的explicit

高跨比span-depth radio

单向one-way

规定specify

考虑take account of

指出，提出point out

近于close to

参照，关于with reference to

取代，代替in lieu of

连续梁continuous beams

荷载持续部分sustained part of load

总绕度total deflection

短期重荷载heavy short-time load

短期峰值荷载short-time peak load

总荷载弯矩图total load-moment diagram

活荷载live load

单向实心板solid one-way slabs

单向加肋板ribbed one-way slabs

单位重unit weight

lesson 16

均质的homogeneous

截面，段，节section

结合，粘合bond

胶粘剂，粘着的adhesive

接触，连接contact

整块，整段single-piece

抛物线的parabolic

自旋，螺旋spin

边，缘edge

附近，近处vicinity

中跨midspan

限制，约束confine

削弱，损害impair

完整性，完善integrity

适当的，恰当的adequately

除……外except for

特别需要注意be of particular concert

弹性材料elastic material

剪应力shear stresses

弯曲应力bending stresses

分层梁laminated beam

中和轴neutral axis

矩形整梁single-piece rectangular beam

竖直剪应力vertical shear stresses

横截面面积cross-sectional area

Lesson 17

design for shear and diagonal tension 剪切与斜向拉伸设计

flexural requirements 抗弯要求

premature failure 过早的破坏

longitudinal flexural stress 纵向弯曲应力

stirrup 箍筋

bent-up longitudinal steel 弯起纵筋

aggregate interlock 骨料咬合力

maintain 保持

integrity 整体性

concrete compression zone 混凝土受压区inclined cracks 斜向裂缝

edge-supported slabs 边缘支承体

ACI Code procedures 美国混凝土学会规范

factored loads 计算荷载

nominal shear strength 标称抗剪强度

web steel 腹筋

strength-reduction factor 强度折减系数

conservatism 保守主义

conservative 保守的

failure mode 破坏方式

support reactions 支座反力

effective depth有效高度

tensile-steel ratio 受拉钢筋配筋率

provision 条文（复数provisions）

longitudinal spacing 纵向间距

yield strength 屈服强度

concrete –joist 混凝土密肋

flange 翼缘

web width 腹板宽

elsewhere 其他部位

dowel action 销栓作用

initiate 开始

Lesson 18

torsion 扭转

torsional strength 抗扭强度

longitudinal splitting 纵向劈裂

torque 扭矩

spiral 螺旋的

in actuality 实际上

upon cracking 一旦开裂

torsional resistance 抗扭力

cracking torque 开裂扭矩

torque-twist curve 扭矩-扭转曲线

twist 扭转

potential failure surface 可能的破坏面

be bounded by……以……为边界inclination 倾角

plain 素的、不配筋的

legs （箍筋的）肢

twisting couple 扭转力偶

yield point 屈服点lever 杠杆

lever arm 力臂

identical 相同的

analytically 解析地、分析地

primarily 主要地

chief 主要的

anchors 锚固

vand 成立

最外纤维outer fibers

平衡原理reasons of equilibrium

平衡水平剪应力equilibrating horizontal shear stresses

应力轨迹stress trajectories

水平弯曲应力horizontal bending stresses

斜向拉伸diagonal tension

Lesson 19 Vertical and Horizontal Loads

Vertical/horizontal loads 垂直、水平荷

载

Floor and roof loads

楼面

及屋

面荷

载

The minimum live loads 最小活荷载Building code 建筑规范

Local municipal code 地方规范State code 国家规范

Regional code 地区规范Model codes proposed

for general

通用

规范

Representative values of minimum live loads 最小活荷载

代表值

Uniformly distributed

loads

Uniform load 均布荷载Concentrated loads 集中荷载

Ft square 平方英尺

Uniform and concentrated loads

均布

及集

中荷

载

Impact loading 冲撞Live load 活荷载

Fully loaded 满载Reduction 折减Dead load 恒荷载Member 构件

Column loads 柱荷载Dead weight of the floor 楼板自重

Design load 设计荷载Suspended load 悬挂荷载

Snow loads 雪荷载Local depth and density

of snowfall

Repair loads 维修荷载Reasonable stiffness 适当刚度

Building frames 建筑框架Wind pressure 风压

Inertia forces 惯性力

Vertical motion of the

ground

Wind and earthquake loads

风和地震荷

载

Design wind pressures

设计

风压Zones of high earthquake

probability

地震高发区Joint 节点Vertical centerlines 垂直中心线Horizontal centerlines

水平

中心

线Planes of the frames 框架平面Bearing walls

承重

墙Cantilever beams 悬臂梁Integral shear walls

剪力

墙Reinforced-concrete

buildings

钢筋混凝土

建筑

Nonstructural

不承

重lightweight curtain walls 轻质幕墙

Shear-resistant vertical

walls

垂直

剪力

墙Joints of the frame 框架节点

Relatively rigid

diaphragms

刚性

隔板Lateral deflection 侧向变形Given level

标高

楼层Combinations of dead and

live load

恒、活荷载组

合

The most unfavorably

distributed live load

最不

利活

荷载Rarity and temporary

偶然性临时

性

Secondary effects

次要

影响Dead and live load 恒、活荷载ACI

美国

砼协

会Approximate methods 近似方法Tread 踏步Rectangle 矩形

Lesson 20 Types of Precast Members and Assemblies

Precast units 预制单元Exterior wall

panels

外墙板Wall panels 墙板Curtain walls 幕墙Bearing walls 承重墙Sandwich panels 夹层板Lightweight concrete 轻质砼Aggregates 骨料Colored cement 有色水泥Cracking 裂缝

Maximum tensile stress 最大拉应力Straight-line

theory

线性理论

The modulus of rupture of the particular concrete 砼弯曲抗拉强

度

Adequate margin

of safety

安全储备

The modulus of rupture 弯曲抗拉强度Lightweight

aggregate concrete

轻骨料砼

Sand-lightweight

concrete

砂质砼Span lengths 跨长Magnitude of loads 荷载大小Desired fire ratings 防火等级

Continuous over several spans 多跨连续Magnitude of

loads

Deflection limitations 挠度限制Insulation 保温

Hollow planks 空心板Depths range from

4 to about 8 in ,

widths from 2 to

4ft 厚4-8英寸，宽

2-4英寸

Double tees 双T型板Concrete topping 砼面层

Precast joists 隔栅支承Floor and roof

units of reinforced

钢筋砼楼板楼

面

Prestressed concrete 预应力砼Quality control 质量控制

Prestressed-concrete

floor and roof

预应力砼楼板、

楼面

Precast beams 预制梁

Leger beams 带肩梁Precast columns 预制柱

Single-story 单层Multi-story 多层

Corbels 牛腿Intermediate

beams

中间连续梁

Lesson 21 Footing（foundation/substructure）

Stratum n. 层、地层（layer）soil stratum

Pile n. 桩

Caisson n. 沉箱

Strap n. 条、带

Column n. 柱（interior column 内柱；exterior column 外柱）

Capital n. 柱顶、柱头

Perimeter n. 周围、圆周

Concentrically ad.同心的、同轴的

Eccentrically ad.偏心的

Compacted ad.密实的、夯实的

Settle n. 沉降

Total settlement 总沉降

Differential settlement 不均匀沉降Bearing pressure 支承压力Allowable bearing pressure 地基承载力

Spread foundation 扩张基础

Beam-and-girder floor 肋形楼盖

Coarse-grained soils 粗颗粒土（砂土）

Clay soils 粘土

Compressible soils 压缩性土

Wall footing 墙基础

Column footing 柱基础

Single-column footing 单柱基础（独立柱基础）Combined footing 复试基础、联合基础

Strap footing 条形基础

Mat foundation 板式基础、满堂基础

Raft foundation 浮筏基础

Lesson 22 steps in structure design process Esthetics n. 美学

Dominate vt.高耸、于之上

Amplification n. 增大、放大

Aerodynamic a. 空气动力学的

Response n. 反应、响应

Phase n.方面、相位

Revise vt. 校正、修正

Secondary a. 补充的

Inelastic a.非弹性的

Functional requirements 功能要求

Structure and loading 结构与荷载

Cost of the structure 造价

Loading conditions 荷载条件Preliminary design 初步设计

Allowable stress design 允许应力设计（方法）Analysis 分析Selection of section 截面选择

（section modulus截面模量；

plastic modulus塑性模量）

Secondary design items 次要设计项目

Local buckling 局部屈曲

Deflections 扰度

Stiffness 刚度

Brittle fracture 脆断

Lesson 23

干扰，效应disturbance

定位orientation

仓库warehouse

不规则的，不平的uneven

跨度，排架间距bay

定性的quantitative

校正adjustment

恒载dead load

活荷载live load

地震效应seismic disturbance

吊车运动crane movement

多层建筑multi-story building

最大正力矩maximum positive moment

第26课：

刚架rigid frame

容许应力设计法allowable stress design

塑性理论设计法plastic design

规范specification

标准criteria

极限承载能力ultimate load capacity

无限塑流unrestrained plastic flow

韧性ductility

稳定性stability

弹性分析elastic analysis

塑性分析plastic analysis

弯矩重分布moment redistribution

临界设计弯矩cristical design moment

等截面横梁rafer of constant section

加腋，加托臂haunch

叠加，重合superposition

安全储备margin of safety

破坏形式failure mode

结构性能structural behavior

塑性抗弯强度plastic bending strength

非弹性失稳inelastic instability

在弯曲平面内in the plane of bending

在弯曲平面外out of the plane of bending

横向扭转屈曲lateral-torsional buckling

局部压屈local buckling

侧移sidesway

lesson 27

残余的，残留的residual

疲劳（乏），视疲劳fatigue

有关的，相应的pertinent

钢结构构件structural steel member 框架frames

钢材性能properties of steel

规范specifications

容许应力stress design

塑性理论plastic design concepts

受拉构件tension member

平板组合梁plate girders

受压构件compression members

扭转效应effect of torsion

侧向屈曲lateral buckling

失稳instability

残余应力residual stress

安全系数factor of safety

Lesson 28

high-rise buildings 高层建筑

scarcity 不足

evolves out of 来自于

interpretation 理解解释

bulky 庞大的

isolated 孤立的

integral part 整体的、不可分割的部分multilevel 多层次的

versus 对……与……比较

inhabitant 居住者ecological 生态学的

urbanization 城市化

migrate 迁移

density 密度

lightweight steel cage structure 轻质钢架结构

congestion 拥挤

an organic interaction system 相互制约的有机体

interaction交互作用

skyscraper 摩天大楼

economically feasible 经济合理的

zoning regulations 分区规划条例

of utmost importance 极度重要

visualize 设想

dead-end 死胡同

lobby 前厅走廊；游说

plazas 广场

support facilities 配套设施

utilities 公共事业

sewage 下水道

scale 规模

intricate 错综复杂的

systematic programming 系统的规划

urban context = urban environment

metropolitan area 大都市

dehumanizing 不符合人类天性的

put aside 束之高阁

take initiative to do sth. 更主动地去做某事

Lesson 29 Sail Shell

Lesson 30 Cable Structure

帆形薄壳sail shell

非对称荷载asymmetrical load

轻质结构light-weight construction

可充气薄膜pneumatic membrane

缆索结构cable skeleton

壳体结构shell structure

doubleheaded vectors

cylindrical shell

longitudinal bending moment

悬索结构cable structure

悬链线catenary

抛物线parabola

共面coplanar

空间系统spatial system

三维曲线three-dimensional curve

互反曲面anticlastic surface

同向曲面synclastic surface

母线generatrix

桥塔pylon

等距in equal step

geodesic-shell structure

高一英语必修三-单元单词(短语)检测[1]

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tae ne's plae tae the plae f tae first plae in plae f in plae 2 starve t death starve fr(渴望) 3 ngratulate sb n sth/ding sth 4 in er f = in hnr f in elebratin f in praise f in favr f in harge f n ne's arrival一到达=n arriving 6 gain eight gain nfidene gain experiene gain speed gain t inutes gain n's respet 7 adire sb fr adire the n 8 have fun ith sb hat fun it is t d sth It's great fun t d sth 9 turn up turn dn turn ver turn arund turn n turn ff turn ut 10 have a rd ith sb have rds ith sb tae ba ne's rds eat ne's rds rd ae that 11 aplgize t sb fr ae an aplg t sb fr 12 set ff fr set ut t d=set abut ding set aside set dn set up 13 reind sb t d reind sb f

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