最新整理全国英语等级考试(PETS)三级听力指导

全国英语等级考试（P E T S）三级听力指导

听力理解是诸多语言技能的综合运用，涉及到语音、语调、语法、词汇、语言和非语言等方面的知识。考生要想提高听力能力，要从以下几个方面努力：

一、语言基础

1．语音和语调

(1)正确辨别音素。正确辨别音素是听力的根本基础。现举几个常见的发音错误：

/?/发成/e/；/a i/发成/?/；/r/发成/l/；/v/发成/w/；/?/发成/s/（这部分问号处有误，但因无法找到原文无法进行修改）

不正确的发音必然会造成误解，从而干扰正常的思维判断。

(2)弱读。通常句子中除了有重要意义的词必须重读之外，其他词往往弱读，如介词、助动词、人称代词、连词等。

(3)连读。在一个意群中，如果前-个词的尾音是辅音，则可以与后一个词词首的元音连起来读。连读使意群或句子听起来比较连贯、流畅。

(4)句子重音。讲话者用来表达意思、态度、感情的

一种语音手段，在听力考试中是考生理解话语的一个重要依据。

(5)语调。语调与句子重音一样，影响到说话人所要表达的意思。有时同样一句话用不同的语调说出可以表示说话人不同的意图、情感与态度。

2．语法

考生要正确理解所听到的信息，必须要掌握一定的语法知识。在听力测试中，有些题还直接涉及语法知识，如说话者用了虚拟语气、强调句型、比较结构等等。

3．词汇

听力需要相当的词汇量作后盾，尤其是口语中常见的词汇，要掌握其在不同语境中的不同意义。此外考生还需熟悉一些常见短语。

4．功能意念表达

听力测试中，尤其是第一部分(小对话部分涉及生活中的各种场景)，人们通过话语表达各种功能意念。

如：

征求意见：

C o u l d y o u w o r k o v e r t i m e t o n i g h t?

劝告与建议：

W h y n o t g e t a t a x i?

I f I w e r e y o u，I’d g o o n a d i e t．

同意和不同意：

I c o u l d n’t a g r e e m o r e．

抱怨：

I’m s o r r y t o h a v e t o s a y t h i s，b u t i t’s t o o n o i s y h e r e．

熟悉各种场景及人们表达的各种功能意念的句型，可以帮助考生提高捕捉信息的能力，对所听到的内容情景做出快速反应，有利于理解与记忆。

二、丰富自身知识

听懂听力材料有时要借助一些常识与文化背景知识，特别是英美国家文化、习惯、风俗等，才能正确做出判断。在听力考试中考生有时似乎听懂了意思，但却找不着答案，这跟不熟悉文化背景知识有很大关系。考生可通过平时泛听、泛读、看电视、听广播等来丰富自身的知识。

三、培养听力技能

1.多听

多听是提高听力水平的前提。通过多听，我们可以熟

悉各种讲话人的语音，并使自己的思维反应能力跟上。只有这样，才能听懂材料内容并快速做出正确的选择判断。

2．听重点，分主次

听力测试要求考生能分清主次，边听边思考，抓住重要信息，排除次要信息。一般情况下重要信息会出现在篇首或篇末。另外，在录音中某些词的重读、音量的提高、语调的变化都暗示这些是重要信息。考生在此基础上做综合归纳、判断推理。

3．短期记忆能力的培养

听力考试要求考生在很短的时间内记住听到的重要

信息，这需要很强的短期记忆能力。为加强短期记忆，考生可掌握一些速记的方法。比如利用缩略词、符号、首字母等记下重要的数字、时间、地点、中心词等。

如：N e w Y o r k――N Y d o l l a r――＄ B e c a u s e――∵t h e r e f o r e――∴

考生也可自己拟定一些记忆符号，但要记清、记熟，以免用时混淆搞错。

四、应试技巧

1.树立信心，沉着冷静

一些考生在考试中带有恐惧心理。紧张心情使精神不能集中，甚至使原来很熟悉的信息都变得陌生，影响正常水平的发挥。因此考生务必保持沉着冷静，使自己充满信心，排除一切心理负担，积极主动地迎接考试。

2．浏览题目，预见内容

考生在拿到试卷后，要利用正式放音前的一段时间和录音间的停顿，迅速’浏览’问题和选项，找出关键词，预见一下录音的内容，确定要听的重点。

通过浏览试卷上的问题和选项，考生划出关键词，并预见一下对话内容，从而确定了要听的重点。

3．当机立断，勇敢选择

听力考试中录音只能听一次，答题时间都很短，需要考生迅速做出判断，选择答案。

4．预读

首先应扫视问题并在脑中记住这个问题，这样在听音时就可以有的放矢地捕捉所需要的信息，接着速读四个选项。四个选项中多次重复的词，通常是原对话中的关键词，应加以注意。也可根据选项的内容做一个合理的联想与猜测。

5．排除干扰项

答案的4个选择项中3个为干扰项。

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