大学英语》(专升本)复习资料[1]

《大学英语》（专科升本科）复习资料

重点复习内容：

第一章：语音部分

重点掌握该书第一章第一节中的元音字母在单词中的读音；辅音字母在单词中的读音；以及常见字母组合的读音。

第二章：词汇与语法结构

掌握第二章“语法”中的以下部分：

（一）词法（包括名词、动词、形容词和副词、代词、冠词、连词、数词、介词）

（二）句法（包括句子成分、句子分类）

第三章：完形填空

熟悉词与词组搭配、上下文提示、根据已有知识判断等几种选择正确答案的方法。

第四章：阅读理解

本章应该是复习中用时最多的部分，不仅因为阅读理解在考试中所占分值比例最大（40%），也是因为这类题型要运用语言的综合知识和技能来完成。

考生应该熟悉词义判断、细节掌握、推断引申、篇章理解这四个方面的一些阅读方法。

第五章：对话

重点掌握日常用语（包括致谢、致歉、寻求帮助、赞赏、相约等）和场景（包括打电话、在医院、在车站、在商店、在银行等）。

短文写作

重点掌握‘第一节信件’和‘第二节通知/启事’中的写作格式、方法。

总之，考生在复习中，应该力求全面掌握，重点突破，紧紧抓住基础知识和基本技能的运用这两点。当然，另外一个前面尚未提到的重点复习方面，就是词汇和短语。这是需要考生平时一点一滴地积累，长期坚持不懈进行的工作。词汇既是英语复习的前提，也是基础，惟有考生具备一定量的英语词汇基础，复习才有意义。

考试形式及试卷结构

试卷总分：100分

考试时间：90分钟

考试方式：闭卷，笔试

试卷内容比例：

语音5%

词汇与结构15%

完形填空15%

阅读理解40%

对话10%

短文写作15%

考试要求及重点知识讲解

第一部分：语音

一、考试要求

共5小题，每小题1分，共5分。要求从所给的四个单词的划线部分中选出一个与其他三个读音不同的选项。测试的目的是考查学生对单词正确读音的把握程度。

二、复习内容

元音字母在单词中的读音；辅音字母在单词中的读音；以及常见字母组合的读音。

[复习要点]

1．元音字母在单词中的读音规则

2

辅音字母b, d, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, v, w, z, 只有一种读音，例如：book, dear, five, hook, jack，king, learn, motor, next, peace, voice, week, zero 。

第二部分：语法与词汇

一、考试要求

共15小题，每小题1分，共15分。每小题留有空白处，要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案填入空白处，使句子符合语法规则，意思完整。

二、复习内容

（一）名词

名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单、复数之分。

[复习要点]

1．不可数名词只用单数形式。抽象名词、物质名词和专用名词均为不可数名词。如：knowledge, water, China.

2．绝大多数名词的复数构成方法是在单数形式后面加-s或-es，但也有一些名词的复数形式特殊。如：man-men；woman-women；child-children 。

3．单数名词所有格的构成是单词后加“’s”, 通常用于有生命的存在物的名

词。如：Mary’s room。名词所有格也可以由介词of加名词构成，通常用于无生命的存在物的名词, 如：the window of the classroom.

（二）冠词

冠词置于名词之前，帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词可分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the。

[复习要点]

1．不定冠词a/an用于单数名词前，表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。

2．定冠词the可用于单数或复数名词前，也可用于不可数名词前。表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。

3．定冠词用于形容词最高级及序数词前。如：the best season最好的季节；the first lady第一夫人。

4．世界上独一无二的事物前加定冠词。如：the earth 地球。

5．在某些惯用词中，名词前不加冠词，以具体名词表示抽象概念。如：go to school上学。

（三）代词

代词用于指代。包括：人称、物主、反身、疑问、不定代词等。

[复习要点]

1．few和little表示“少”和“几乎没有”的意思，具有否定意义。a few 和a little表示“一点”和“一些”的意思，具有肯定意义。但要注意，(a)few 修饰或代替可数名词，（a）little修饰或代替不可数名词。

2．由and连接两个先行词时，代词用复数。

3．当each, everyone, everybody, no one, none, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody,用作主语或主语限定词时，其相应的代词一般用单数形式。4．当everything, anything, something, nothing等用作主语时，句中相应的代词一般只按语法一致的原则，用单数形式。

（四）介词

介词置于名词、代词或相当于名词的词前面，表示其后面的词与主句成分的关系。[复习要点]

注意部分常用介词的用法差异。

A．表示时间的介词

1. at, in, on, during

at 表示确切的时间点或较短暂的一段时间。

如：at two o’clock, at sunrise等。

in 表示一天中的各部分时间或较长的时间。

如：in the morning, in spring, in 1997等。

on 表示具体的某一天或某一天的上午或下午。

如：on Sunday, on Monday afternoon等。

during 表示一段时间，强调时间的延续。

如：during the summer vacation等。

2. from, by

from 表示“从某时起”，from…to 表示“从某时到某时”。

如：from 1981 to 1985。

by 表示“到某时止”，“在某时之前”。如：by the end of this month。

B．表示地点的介词

1. in, at

in 表示教大的地方或场所，at表示教小的地方或场所。

如：in London, at the airport等。

2. to, towards, for

to表示目的地，towards表示方向， for表示朝着…目标。

如：to travel to Chicago, to ran towards one’s mother；to left for London等。

（五）形容词和副词

形容词为用于修饰名词的词，表示名词的属性。副词为修饰动词、形容词和其他副词的词，通常用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等。

[复习要点]

1．当被修饰的是以-thing, -one, -body结尾的不定代词时，作定语的形容词要后

置。

2．用原级进行比较时，通常用as构成的句型：as … as, not as … as，not so … as。注意，在上述结构中一定要用原级，勿用比较级。

3．一些形容词和副词有两种比较级形式。如：

older, oldest说明人的年纪或年代的久远。

如：old

elder, eldest 说明家庭成员的长幼。

4．形容词的最高级前应加定冠词the, 如加a则表示“非常”之意。例如：This is a most interesting film. 这是部非常有趣的电影。

（六）动词时态和语态

英语的时态：就是用动词不同的形态来表达不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态。动词的语态：

表示主语和谓语之间的关系。

[复习要点]

A．动词的时态

1．一般现在时态

通常表示客观事实或真理；或表示经常发生的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。形式为：V（原形）或V-s /es （第三人称单数）。例如：

The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。

They always go to school by bike. 他们总是骑自行车去上学。

2．一般过去时态

表示过去时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与过去特定的时间状语连用；或表示过去某一段时间一直持续或反复发生的动作，可与表示频度的时间副词连用。形式为: V-ed。例如：

I bought this computer five years ago. 五年前我买了这台电脑。

He often took a walk after supper when he was alive. 他还在世时，经常晚饭后去散步。

3．一般将来时态

表示在未来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。形式为：will / shall +V. 。例如：

The telephone is ringing. I will answer it.电话在响，我去接。

4．现在进行时态

表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。形式为：is/am/are+ V-ing。例如：

The police are looking for the two missing children.警察正在寻找两个失踪的小孩。

5．过去进行时态

表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。形式为：was/were + V-ing。例如：Jane burnt her hand when she was cooking the dinner. 珍妮在准备晚餐时烧伤了手。

B．动词的语态

英语有两种语态：主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。被动语态形式为：be+过去分词，例如：

Mother beat me this morning. 妈妈今天早上打了我。

I was beaten this morning. 今天早上我被打了。

（七）非谓语动词

非谓语动词指的就是动词不定式(to do)，动名词(doing)和分词(doing/done). 他们在句子中不能作谓语，故得此名。

[复习要点]

1．有些及物动词只能用不定式作宾语，如：hope，want，fail，decide，manage 等。例如：

We all hope to see you. 我们都希望见到你。

2．有些及物动词只能用动名词作宾语，如：admit, avoid, enjoy, finish, mind 等。例如：

He has finished doing his work.他已经干完了他的工作。

3．有的及物动词既可用不定式，也可用动名词，但其意义有所不同。如：remember, forget, regret, stop等。例如：

I forgot to take aspirin this morning.. 我上午忘了吃阿斯匹林了（但现在想起来了）。

I forgot taking aspirin and took it again a few minutes ago. 我忘

了吃过阿司匹林，几分钟以前又吃了一次。

（八）情态动词

情态动词表示讲话人的语气或情感，如能力、义务、猜测等。

[复习要点]

1．can表示能力，用在一般现在时和过去时中；在否定句或感叹句中，can表

示惊讶，怀疑，不相信。

2．may的否定形式是may not或者mustn’t，意为“不行，不许”。

3．must 表示“义务”上的“必须，应该”， have to表示客观上的“不得不”。

4．以must开始问句，肯定回答时用must，否定回答时用needn’t（不必）。

（九）虚拟语气

是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是客观存在的事实，而是一种愿望、可能、推测、建议、要求或假设。

[复习要点]

用在动词suggest（建议），order（命令），demand（要求）等表示要求、命令、建议语气的词引导的宾语从句以及相应名词suggestion, order, demand等后面的从句，从句的谓语用“(should) + 动词原形”构成虚拟语气。

例如： The teacher suggested that everyone (should) buy this dictionary.

老师建议每人买本这种字典。

My suggestion is that we (should) tell him about it.

我的建议是我们应该告诉他事情真相。

（十）主谓一致

就是谓语动词必须与主语在数和人称上取得一致。

[复习要点]

A. 谓语动词用单数的情况

1．主语为动词不定式、动名词和主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。

2．事件、国名、机构名称作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

3．one, every, everyone, everybody, nobody, anybody, somebody, either, neither做主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。

B. 谓语动词用复数的情况

1．both, many, few等词语做主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数。

2．由and连接两个主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。

（十一）倒装

倒装是指将句子的谓语动词或其助动词放在主语之前。

[复习要点]

1．否定词或否定词组位于句首时，句子的主、谓（助动词）需要倒装。

例如： Never have I read such an interesting book.

我从来没有读过如此有趣的书。

2．so/nor/neither开头的句子，表示前句中谓语所说明的情况也同样适用于后句

中的主语时，用倒装。

例如：He doesn’t like music. Nor/Neither do I.

他不喜欢音乐，我也不喜欢。

（十二）从句

英语中从句包括：状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句（包括主语从句、表语从句

和宾语从句）。

[复习要点]

1．主句和从句不能同时使用连接词。如：

Though it was getting dark, he still went on working.（正）

Though it was getting dark, but he still went on working.（误）2．在限定性的定语从句中，作宾语的who，whom, which, that等可以省略。3． Whether 和if 引导的从句的区别为：Whether后可直接跟or not, if则不能; 介词后的宾语从句应使用whether引导，不能用if引导； whether可引导主语从句和表语从句，if则不能。

第三部分：完形填空

一、考试要求

共15个小题，每小题1分，共15分。该部分是一篇200词左右的短文，短文中15处空白，每个空白为1小题。每小题有四个选项，要求考生在阅读理解文章内容的基础上，选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构合理、完整。

二、复习内容

提高综合运用语言的能力，即阅读理解和理解使用词汇和语法的能力。掌握以下基本解题技巧：

1．迅速通读短文，忽略空白，掌握文章大意

2．充分利用篇首句和篇尾句，进行预测和推理

3．重复阅读短文，进行选择填空

4．最后通读一遍，纠正错误.

第四部分：阅读理解

一、考试要求

共20个小题，每小题2分，共40分。该部分由5篇文章组成，每篇文章后4个小题，要求考生在理解全文的基础上，从题后给出的四个选项中选出一个最符合题意的答案。

二、复习内容

掌握以下阅读技巧：

1. Looking for the Topic Sentence; 寻找主题句

2. Recognizing Important Facts and Details; 把握文章的重要事实和细节

3. Reading for the Main Idea and Drawing Conclusions; 理解文章的主旨要义；得出结论

4. Using Word Part Clues for Word Meanings; 根据上下文推测词义

5. Reading for Implied Meanings; 领会文章的隐含意思

6. Making Inferences and Judgments; 进行判断推理

第五部分：对话

一、考试要求：

补全对话每空2分，共10分。该部分是给出一段较完整的对话，其中有5个空，要求考生在理解对话内容的基础上，运用所掌握的一定的日常对话句型和语言知识从所给出的8个选项中选出5个补全对话内容。

二、复习内容：

致谢

1. A: Thank you for taking the time to come and advise me on the problem.

你花时间来给我出主意解决问题，真是太感谢了。

B: I’m happy to have done it./ I’m glad you like it. /That’s all right.

我很愿意这样做。/很高兴你喜欢。/不用谢。

2. A: I’d appreciate that very muc h.

不胜感激。

B: Please think nothing of it. / Forget it.

这不算什么。

3. A: Feel free to give me a call, if you have a question.

有问题就打电话，不要客气。

B: I appreciate it very much.

非常感谢。

致歉

1. A: Oh, excuse me. I just spilled my coffee on your carpet.

哎呀，真抱歉，我把咖啡洒到地毯上了。

B: Don’t worry about it. /Oh, that’s all right. / That’s OK.

没关系

2. A: I’m sorry if I’ve caused any problem.

如果我引起麻烦，很抱歉。

B: No, no problem at all.

没有，一点麻烦都没有。

3. A: I’m sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long

对不起，我晚了。等很久了吗

B: No, I just got here.

没有，一点麻烦都没有。

4. A: I feel terrible, but I’ve just broken your ashtray.

实在对不起，我把你的烟灰缸给砸碎了。

B: It’s nothing to get upset about.

没关系，用不着不安。

A: I don’t know what to say. I’d like to replace it.

真不知道该怎么说，我给你陪一个吧。

B: No. It’s out of the quesiton.

不用。这根本不是个事儿。

寻求帮助

1. A: My car broke down. Can you help me push it

我的车抛锚了，您能帮我拖一下吗

B: I’ll be glad to./ No problem./All right./ With pleasure.

没问题/可以/好啊。

2. A: Can you deliver them

你能帮我把这个发出去吗

B: Yes, sir. May I have your address

可以，你把地址告诉我吧。

3. A: Can you break three dimes into six nickels

您能把三个10美分换成6个五美分吗

B: Just a moment. I will see if I can.

请稍后，我看看有没有。

赞赏

1. A: You’ve done a wonderful job. Well done!

你做得太棒了。非常好。

B: Thank you.

谢谢。

2. A: Guess what! I just got promoted.

你猜怎么着，我升职了。

B: Hey, that’s great! Congratulations!

嘿！太棒了！祝贺你！

3. A: How’s the taste

味道怎么样

B: Delicious.

很好。

4. A: He broke the world’s record for the two mile run.

他打破了两英里跑的世界记录。

B: Fantastic!/Amazing.

难以想象。/奇迹。

相约

1. A: Would you come and pick me up

你能来接我吗

B: Okay. What time

好的，什么时候

A: Don’t rush. At your convenience. I’ll be waiting.

别着急，你方便的时候，我等着。

2. A: Just tell me when and where

告诉我时间、地点。

B: Let’s meet at five in the Central Park.

5点在中心花园。

购物

1. A: Can/May I help you/What can I do for you.

你要买什么/ 我能为你效劳吗

B: I need/ (to buy) a bag.

我想要买个包。

I’m looking for/I’m interested in a sports shirt.

我想买一件运动体恤。

2. A: How much is it

它多少钱

B: It sells at $2 a bottle.

两美元一瓶。

A: That’s fine, I’ll take it.

不错，我就要它了。

打电话

John: Hello, may I speak to Mr. Brown

喂，请帮我找一下布朗先生。

Secretary: He just left.

他刚出去。

John: When do you expect him back

你知道他什么时候回来

Secretary: I’m sorry, but he’s gone for the day. Would you care to leave a message很抱歉，他出去一整天。您想给他留言吗John: Could you tell him that John Smith called and have him call me back

tomorrow

请告诉他John Smith给他打过电话，让他明天给我回电话。

Secretary: Sure. May I have your phone number

没问题。您的电话号

担忧

Jacod: You look so concerned, Dorothy. What’s on your mind 你看起来很担心。Dorothy.你想什么呢

Dorothy: I’m worried about the interview tomorrow. It’s so important to me. You

know, I’ve been lookin g for a job for three months, and this is my first

interview.

我很担心明天的面试。这次面试对我很重要。你知道吗，我已经找

了三个月的工作了，这是我第一次面试。

Jacod: Don’t worry too much, Dorothy. Everything will work out just fine.

别太担心了， Dorothy。一切都会顺利的。

在医院

Mrs. Brown: Excuse me, where is the department of pediatrics

劳驾，小儿科在哪儿

Information-Clerk: Go along that corridor and then you will see a sign, which

will lead you to the department of pediatrics. It’s on the

second floor.

沿着走廊走，你能看到牌子，牌子上标着怎么走。在二楼。

Mrs. Brown: Thank you.

谢谢。

在银行

Clerk: Good morning, Madam. May I help you

早上好，夫人。您需要什么服务

Ms. Jia: Good morning, I’d like to open a new account to deposit this money.

早上好，我想开一个新账户，把这钱存进去。

Clerk: A current account or fixed

活期的还是定期的

Ms. Jia: A current account would be fine.

活期的账户就可以了。

Clerk: Ok. Please fill out this form. And give me your ID card.

好的。请填好这张表格，并把您的身份证给我。

Ms. Jia: Here’s the form, my ID card and the money. And, I have another account

which I’d like to clear today. Please can you draw out all the money from

this bankbook and put it into the new account

给您表格，我的身份证，还有钱。今天我还有一个账户想清除了。

能不能麻烦您把这个存折上的钱全取出来，放到这个新的账户里Clerk: Ok. I’ll deal with these one by one.

好的，我会一个接一个地来处理。在公车上

Bus Driver: Move to the rear of the bus, please. There’re plenty of seats in the

rear.

请往里走。后面有很多座位。

Daisy: How much is the fare, please

请问多少钱一张票

Bus Driver: Thirty cents. Drop it in the box.

30分。把它扔到箱内。

Daisy: Does this bus go to Washington Park

这个车到华盛顿公园吗

Bus Driver: Take Bus No. 9. This is No. 6.

乘9路车。这是6路。

Daisy: But somebody told me this is the right bus. I’m going to Park

Avenue.

但有人跟我说就是这路车。我去公园路。

Bus Driver: This is the right bus. I’ll let you off when we get there.

这车去公园路。到了我会叫你。

Daisy: Thanks a lot, driver.

谢谢司机。

Judy: Driver, does this bus go to Washington Square

司机，这辆车到华盛顿广场吗

Bus Driver: No, take Bus No. 10 across the street.

不到。过街坐10路车。

Judy: Thank you.

谢谢。

第六部分：短文写作

一、考试要求

共1个小题，总计15分。该部分要求考生写出一篇约80词的短文。体裁通常是应用文。题材多是有关会议、旅游、面谈、参观等等。

二、复习内容

A．信件

信件分为感谢信、邀请信、求助信、安排信、道歉信、抱怨信以及祝贺信等。

B．通知/启事

通知通常是指对各种会议、活动、仪式等的告知。启事通常指针对实物丢失、失物招领的告知。

通知/启事写作格式：

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