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英语基本句型(完整版)

英语基本句型(完整版)
英语基本句型(完整版)

句型宝典

疑問句型

What is this?

結構︰問句:What+be 動詞+this(that…)?

答句:This(that…)+be 動詞+a book(pen…)。

說明︰此句型意為“這(那)是什麼?這(那)是書(鋼筆…)”。what(什麼)叫做“疑問詞”,用於詢問“事物”,通常放在句首,後接 be <動詞>,再接<主詞>,第一個字母w要大寫,句尾要加問號(?),位置不可排錯。

What is this? This is a chair. 這是什麼?這是一張椅子。

What’s this? It’s a book. 這是什麼?它是一本書。

What is that? That is a desk. 那是什麼?那是一張書桌。

What are these?

結構︰問句:What are+these/those…?

答句:These/Those are+複數名詞(+s/es)。

說明︰<主詞>與<動詞>的形式要一致,is 後面接單數<名詞>,are 後面要接複數<名詞>。 What are these? These are books. 這些是什麼?這些是書。

What are those? Those are cups. 那些是什麼?那些是茶杯。

What are they? They are glasses. 它們是什麼?它們是玻璃杯。

What are you?

結構︰問句:What+be 動詞+主詞(人)…?

答句:主詞+be 動詞+a student…。

說明︰此句型意為“你是做什麼事情的?我是學生…”。疑問詞 what 除了詢問事物之外,還可用於詢問“人的職業或身分”。be <動詞>隨<人稱代名詞>的變化而改變形態,如:I am,we are,you are,he is…。

What are you? I am a student. 你是做什麼事情的?我是一名學生。

What is she? She is a teacher. 她是做什麼事情的?她是一名教師。

Are you a ...?

結構︰問句:Be 動詞(am,are,is)+主詞+…?

肯定簡答:Yes,主詞+am(are,is)。

否定簡答:No,主詞+am(are,is)not。

說明︰在否定<簡答句>中,<主詞>和 am,is,are 可以縮寫;在肯定<簡答句>中則不可。

Is he a student? Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.) 他是學生嗎?是的,他是。(不,他不是。)Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I’m not.) 你是教師嗎?是的,我是。(不,我不是。)Is that a clock? Yes, it is. (No, it isn’t.) 那是鐘錶嗎?是的,它是。(不,它不是。)What is your name?

結構︰問句:What+is+所有格+name?

答句:所有格+name+is+名字。

說明︰“my,your,his,her”為單數人稱的<所有格>;<所有格>後面必接<名詞>,即“<所有格>+<名詞>”;<所有格>不可與a,an,this,that,these 或 those 緊接一起使用。

What is your name? My name is Sue. 妳叫什麼名字?我的名字叫蘇。

What is his name? His name is John. 他叫什麼名字?他的名字叫約翰。

What is her name? Her name is Jean. 她叫什麼名字?她的名字叫珍。

Who is that ...?

結構︰問句:Who+be 動詞+that+形容詞+名詞?

答句:That is+名字。

說明︰Who 是<疑問代名詞>,詢問人的“姓名”或“關係”;將<形容詞>直接放在<名詞>前面,叫做“前位修飾”。

Who is that short boy? That is Bill. 那位矮男孩是誰?那位是比爾。

Who is that tall girl? That is Mary. 那位高女孩是誰?那位是瑪麗。

Who is that fat man? He is my uncle. 那位胖男子是誰?那位是我叔叔。

Where is ...?

結構︰問句:Where+be 動詞(am,are,is)+主詞…?

答句:主詞+be 動詞+in the+名詞…。

說明︰問句是“Where ...?”,簡答時可用<副詞片語>“In/On the+<名詞>”。

Where is Sue? She is in her room. 蘇在那裡?她在她的房間裡。

Where are your books? On the desk. 你的書在那裡?在書桌上。

Where is your mother? She is in the kitchen. 你媽嗎在哪裡?她在廚房裡。

Are you V-ing ...?

結構︰Am(Are,Is)+主詞+現在分詞…?

說明︰此句型意為“<主詞>(人,物)正在…嗎?”。這一<句型>轉換的三要素是:be <動詞>移到句首;改為大寫;句尾用問號。

Is Mary sleeping? 瑪麗正在睡覺嗎?

Are you reading a book? 你正在看書嗎?

Is the dog playing? 小狗正在玩耍嗎?

What are you doing?

結構︰問句:What+am(are,is)+主詞+現在分詞?

答句:主詞+am(are,is)+現在分詞…。

說明︰“<主詞>(人)正在做什麼?<主詞>(人)正在…”。注意:<祈使句>的動詞只能用原形,不可造<現在進行式>;表示“瞬間產生”的動作的<動詞片語>,如 sit down,stand up,不可造<現在進行式>。

What am I doing? You are reading a book. 我正在做什麼?你正在閱讀一本書。

What are the girls doing? They are singing. 姑娘們正在做什麼?她們在唱歌。

What is Bill writing? He is writing a letter. 比爾在寫什麼?他在寫一封信。

How old are you?

結構︰問句:How old+be 動詞+主詞(某人)?

答句:主詞(某人)+be 動詞+year(s) old。

說明︰此句型意為“某人幾歲?某人是…歲”。該句型中,<疑問詞>要用 how,不可用 what;且 be <動詞>(am,is,are)要和後面的<主詞>(某人)配合;答句中的“year(s) old”可以省略。

How old are you? I am twelve (years old). 你幾歲?我十二歲。

How old is your sister? She is thirteen years old. 你的姊妹幾歲?她十三歲。

How old is John? He is one year old. 約翰幾歲?他一歲。

What time is it?

結構︰問句:What time is it?

答句:It is+數字+o’clock。

說明︰此句型意為“現在是幾點鐘?現在是…點鐘”。問句中 what 當<形容詞>,修飾後面的<名詞> time;time 當時間解時,只能用單數,不可用複數。

What time is it? It is ten o’clock. 現在是幾點鐘?現在是十點鐘。

What time is it? It is six o’clock. 現在是幾點鐘?現在是六點鐘。

What time is it? It is nine o’clock. 現在是幾點鐘?現在是九點鐘。

Do you + V ...?

結構︰問句:Do/Does+主詞+原形動詞…?

肯定簡答:Yes,主詞+do/does。

否定簡答:No,主詞+don’t/doesn’t。

說明︰肯定句中,如有一般<動詞>(speak,work,teach…),則在句首加<助動詞> do 或 does,並將一般<動詞>改為原形<動詞>(不加s或es),即構成<疑問句>。

Do you speak English? Yes, I do. (No, I don’t.)

你講英語嗎?是的,我講英語。(不,我不講英語。)

Does she have a cat? Yes, she does. (No, she doesn’t.)

她有一隻貓嗎?是的,她有一隻貓。(不,她沒有一隻貓。)

Do they work in office? Yes, they do. (No, they don’t.)

他們在辦公室裡工作嗎?是的,他們在辦公室裡工作。(不,他們不在辦公室裡工作。)What time do you + V ...?

結構︰問句:What time+do/does+主詞+原形動詞…?

答句:主詞(某人)+一般動詞…+時間。

說明︰此句型意為“某人幾點做某事?”<助動詞> do 或 does 的選擇依<主詞>而定,若<主詞>為第三人稱單數,用 does;其它用 do。

What time do you get up? I usually get up at six. 你幾點起床?我通常六點起床。

What time does he go to bed? He usually goes to bed at ten.他幾點就寢?他通常十點就寢。

What time does your class begin? It begins at eight-ten.

你的課幾點開始?八點十分開始。

What day is today?

結構︰問句:What day is today?

答句:It’s+Sunday/Monday/…。

說明︰此句型意為“今天是星期幾?今天是星期日/星期一/…。”it 可用於指“星期的名稱”,但 this或 that 不可以;一星期七天的名稱,都是<專有名詞>,開頭的首字母要大寫,前面不加<冠詞>。

What day is today? It’s Sunday. 今天是星期幾?今天是星期日。

What day is today? It’s Wednesday. 今天是星期幾?今天是星期三。

What day is today? It’s Saturday. 今天是星期幾?今天是星期六。

How many N are there ...

結構︰問句:How many+複數名詞+are there in/on+名詞?

答句:There is/are+單數(複數)名詞+in/on+名詞。

說明︰此句型意為“在某處有多少…?在某處有…。”該句型中,many 修飾複數<名詞>;又因本句型是<疑問句>,故用 are there,不可用 there are。

How many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year.

一年有幾個季節?一年有四季。

How many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week.

一星期有幾天?一星期有七天。

How many lessons are there in this book? There are twelve lessons in this book.

這本書裡有幾課?這本書裡有十二課。

How many ... do you have?

結構︰問句:How many+複數名詞+do/does+主詞+have?

答句:主詞+have/has…+複數名詞+…。

答句:主詞+don’t/doesn’t have…+複數名詞…。

說明︰“How many”後面接複數<可數名詞>,複數<名詞>的前面可用 many,a lot of,a few,some,few,any,no 等修飾。

How many books do you have? I have a lot of books. (I don’t have any books.)

你有幾本書?我有許多書。(我沒有書。)

How many sweaters do you have? I have three sweaters. (I don’t have any sweaters.)

你有幾件毛衣?我有三件毛衣。(我沒有毛衣。)

How many friends does she have? She has a lot of friends. (She doesn’t have many friends.) 她有幾個朋友?她有許多朋友。(她沒有許多朋友。)

How much ... do you have?

結構︰問句:How much+單數不可數名詞+do/does+主詞+have?

答句:主詞+have/has…+單數不可數名詞。

答句:主詞+don’t/doesn’t have…+單數不可數名詞。

說明︰“How much”後面接單數<不可數名詞>,單數<不可數名詞>前面可用 much, a little,some,little,any,no 等修飾。

How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea. (He doesn’t have any tea.)

他有多少茶?他有很多茶。(他沒有茶。)

How much homework do they have? They have a lot of homework. (They don’t have much homework.) 他們有多少家庭作業?他們有許多家庭作業。(他們沒有許多家庭作業。)How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit. (They don’t have a lot of fruit.)

他們有多少水果?他們有許多水果。(他們沒有許多水果。)

How much do(es) ... cost?

結構︰How much do(es)+某物+cost…?

說明︰此句型意為“某物值多少錢?”。how much 用來詢問商品的價格。還可以寫作:“How much+ be <動詞>+某物?"。

How much does this computer cost? (=How much is this computer?)這部電腦值多少錢?

How much do the vegetables cost? 這些蔬菜值多少錢?

How much do the movie tickets cost? 這些電影票值多少錢?

Did ... V ...

結構︰Did+主詞+原形動詞+…過去時間?

說明︰將肯定句中的過去式改為“Did+原形<動詞>”,並將 Did 放在句首,句尾用問號,即構成過去式的<疑問句>。

Did he clean the room yesterday? 他昨天打掃房間嗎?

Did she wash the skirt yesterday? 她昨天洗這裙子嗎?

Did your brother play in the park this morning? 你弟弟今天上午在公園玩耍嗎?

Did he eat lunch yesterday? 他昨天吃午飯嗎?

Did you see any elephants in the zoo last week? 上星期你在動物園裡看到大象了嗎?

Did Sue have her breakfast at eight? 蘇在八點鐘吃過早餐了嗎?

Do you ever + V ...?

結構︰問句:Do/Does+主詞+ever+原形動詞…?

答句:No,主詞+never+一般動詞(加s或es)…。

說明︰ever 通常用於<疑問句>,never 通常用於否定回答;never 也可放在句首,後接原形

<動詞>,形成否定<祈使句>,如例句4。

Do you ever use a computer? No, I never use a computer.

你曾經使用電腦嗎?不,我未曾使用過電腦。

Does Tom ever get up late? No, Tom never gets up late.

湯姆曾經晚起床嗎?不,湯姆未曾晚起床過。

Does Sally ever play the piano? No, Sally never plays the piano.

薩莉曾經彈鋼琴嗎?不,薩莉未曾彈過鋼琴。

Never be late for school, Bill. 比爾,上學絕不可遲到。

What year was he born in?

結構︰What date/year+was/were+主詞+born+on/in?

說明︰此句型意為“你出生於幾月幾日(那一年)?”。born 是<原形動詞> bear 的過去<

分詞>,在文法上當<形容詞>,前面常有 was 或 were;中文說“某人出生”,英語應說:“某人+was/were born…”。

What year were you born in? 你出生於那一年?

What date was your mother born on? 你母親出生於幾月幾日?

What month was your sister born in? 你妹妹出生於幾月?

What will you do on ...?

結構︰What will/did+主詞+do+on+時間?

說明︰此句型意為“某人在某時間將做什麼?(未來式)某人在某時做了什麼事?(過去式)”。指特定的日期(如幾月幾日)、星期幾或星期幾的早上(下午,晚上),要用介系詞on。

What will you do on Teacher’s Day? 你在教師節將做什麼事?

What will they do on Christmas Eve? 他們在聖誕夜將做什麼事?

What will Helen do on her birthday? 海倫在她生日那天將做什麼事?

What did John do on New Year’s Day? 約翰在元旦做了什麼事?

What did Mary do on Youth Day? 瑪麗在青年節做了什麼事?

What did the suspect do on July ninth? 嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什麼事情?

How do you + V ...?

結構︰問句:How+do+主詞+一般動詞…?

答句:主詞+一般動詞…+情狀副詞。

說明︰How 是問情況的<疑問副詞>,表示“怎樣…?”。用於說明“狀態或性質”的副詞,稱為<情狀副詞>。當用來修飾<不及物動詞>時,<情狀副詞>位於其後;當用來修飾<及物

動詞>時,<情狀動詞>位於<及物動詞>的前面或後面。

How did you do your work? I did my work happily.

你怎樣做你的工作?我很快樂地做了我的工作。

How did Mrs. Lin look at Mr. Lin? She looked at Mr. Lin coldly.

林太太怎樣注視林先生?她冷漠地注視林先生。

How does Mr. Wang drive his taxi? He drives his taxi carefully.

王先生怎樣駕駛他的計程車?他小心地駕駛他的計程車。

You are ..., aren’t you?

結構︰肯定句,+否定式助動詞+主詞?

說明︰這是一種反意<疑問句>,其結構特點是:第一部分是肯定式,第二部分就用否定式。直述句的<主詞>是<名詞>時,附加問句的<主詞>要用<代名詞>代替:it 代替 this, that,

<不定詞>(當<主詞>)或<動名詞>(當<主詞>)等;they 代替 these,those, people 等。下列<

助動詞>的否定縮寫式較易弄錯:will not->won’t;would not-> wouldn’t;should not-

>shouldn’t;can not->can’t;could not->couldn’t; might not->mightn’t;ought not-

>oughtn’t。直述句有一般<動詞>現在式,則附加問句用 do 或 does 代替;有一般<動詞>

過去式,則附加問句用 did 代替。

They’re ready, aren’t they?(讀降調)他們準備好了吧?(讀升調)他們準備好了,不是嗎?

Mike has a car, doesn’t he?(讀降調)麥克有輛車,是吧?(讀升調)麥克有輛車,不是嗎?

The secretary typed the letter, didn’t she? 是祕書打了這封信,不是嗎?

They will go to Europe, won’t they? 他們將去歐洲,不是嗎?

You are the teacher, aren’t you? 你就是老師,不是嗎?

I suppose you have been in our woods, haven’t you?我推想你在我們的森林裡呆過,不是嗎?

I know he had a good time last night, didn’t he? 我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快,不是嗎?

The wall plug is broken, isn’t it? 牆上的插座壞了,不是嗎?

Clean parks are beautiful, aren’t they? 乾淨的公園是美麗的,不是嗎?

You can do it, can’t you? 你會做它,不是嗎?

We should rise early, shouldn’t we? 我們應該早起,不是嗎?

He isn’t ..., is he?

結構︰否定句,+肯定式助動詞+主詞?

說明︰這是另一種反意<疑問句>。否定結構在第一部分,第二部分就要用肯定結構。對反

意<疑問句>的回答和對否定式一般<疑問句>一樣,要看答句。

He isn’t a manager, is he? -- Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.)

他不是經理,是吧?--不,他是經理。(是的,他不是經理。)

Mike doesn’t have a car, does he? 麥克沒有車,是嗎?

The secretary didn’t type the letter, did she? 祕書沒有打過這封信,是嗎?

They won’t go to Europe, will they? 他們不會去歐洲,是嗎?

You aren’t the teacher, are you? 你不是老師,是嗎?

I don’t think he can answer the question, can he? 我想他無法回答這個問題,是嗎?

What in the world ...?

結構︰疑問詞+in the world/on earth/ever+其他

說明︰此句型意為“究竟…?到底…?”。這是特殊<疑問句>的強調說法。in the world,on earth 和 ever是強調疑問詞的<片語>。

How in the world will he do it? 他到底將如何做這件事?

What in the world do you mean? 你的意思究竟是什麼?

How on earth did you know it? 你到底是怎麼知道的?

Who on earth told you that? 那件事究竟是誰告訴你的?

Where ever did you lose it? 你到底在哪兒丟的呀?

What in the world are they hoping for? 他們到底想要什麼?

Are you ... or ...?

結構︰一般疑問句(讀升調)+or+一般疑問句(讀降調)

說明︰此句型意為“是…還是…?"。這是選擇<疑問句>,前面都是一般<疑問句>,後面的

問句如與前面有相同的部分,都可以省略。

Shall we come to see you or will you come to see us?

是我們來找你們,還是你們來找我們?

Are you from the America or from the England? 您是美國人還是英國人?

Will he go on Monday or on Tuesday? 他是星期一走還是星期二走?

Would you like coffee or tea? 你是要咖啡還是茶?

What ..., + A or B?

結構︰特殊疑問句(讀降調),+A(讀升調)or B(讀降調)

說明︰這種選擇<疑問句>使用得相當廣泛,其特點是:前面的特殊<疑問句>已經明確地指出了要問的內容,再補充幾項具體事物讓對方做出肯定的答覆。其語調是“降-升-降”

調。

What would you like - coffee or tea? 你要什麼?咖啡還是茶?

Which would you rather to buy - silk or cotton? 您想買什麼?絲還是棉?

Where did you go: to Tianjin or to Beijing? 您去了哪裡?天津還是北京?

When will you go to the Fair, tomorrow or some other day?

你何時去交易會?明天還是另找哪一天?

... what/which ...

結構︰主要子句+疑問詞(what/how/which/why 等)+子句

說明︰這是間接<疑問句>。疑問詞後面的語句採用正常詞序,不採用特殊<疑問句>所用的倒裝詞序。全句末尾大多用句點,但也有用問號的。直接問句改為間接問句或間接句時,原先的<疑問句>要改為肯定句或<否定句>的順序;<助動詞>如 will,should,would, must,may,can 等,須照抄,不可去掉;<助動詞>如 do,does,did,必須去掉,再將它後面的原形<動詞>改為適當的形式。

I’d like to know how old the manager is. 我想知道經理有多大年紀。

He inquired how it was done. 他問這事做得怎麼樣了。

Please advise me which item I should buy. 請問我該先買哪個品種。

Tell me why it is so important? 告訴我為什麼此事這麼重要?

They do not know what the words mean. 他們不知道這些字的意思是什麼。

Tell me what happened yesterday. 告訴我昨天所發生的事。

What they talked about is what we want to know. 他們談論什麼是我們所想要知道的事。

She washed her hair every night and measured how much it grew in a week.

她每晚洗頭髮,而且量量看一星期長多少。

You will never know how much your encouragement meant to me.

你決不會知道你的鼓勵對我多麼有意義。

... whether/if ...

結構︰主要子句+whether/if+子句

說明︰此句型意為“…是否…”。口語中使用 if 較為普遍。如果子句中帶有 or not 等詞,則只能用 whether;另外,whether 不能引導否定的間接<疑問句>,而 if 則可以。

He asked me the question whether the price was too high. 他問我價格是否太高。

They asked him whether the quality is fine or not. 他們問他質量是否好。

Tell me whether you like this color. 告訴我你喜不喜歡這種顏色。

Tell me if it doesn’t rain. 告訴我是否下不了雨。

Ask him if it is true. 問他那是不是真的。

I wonder if he is in the school. 我想知道他是否在學校。

Do you know if/where ...

結構︰一般疑問句+疑問詞(what/where/when 等)+子句

說明︰此句為雙重<疑問句>。疑問詞後面採用正常詞序,不用倒裝詞序。

Can you tell me where the teacher has gone? 你能告訴我老師到哪裡去了嗎?

Have you any idea where he comes from? 他是哪裡人,您知道不知道?

Do you know if they like this new item? 你知道他們是否喜歡這個新品種?

Do you know who wants to go with me? 你知道誰想跟我一起去嗎?

Do you know when the train will leave? 你知道火車何時開嗎?

Can you tell me how much you earn a month? 你能告訴我你一個月賺多少嗎?

He is ..., is he?

結構︰肯定式陳述句+肯定式反問句

說明︰這種疑問<句型>的前後一致,都是肯定式結構。後一部分進一步強調前一部分的內容,是不需要回答的一種修辭方式。

We are old friends, not strangers, right? 我們是老朋友了,不是陌生人,是嗎?

He’s a capable businessman, is he? 他是一位很有能力的業務員,可不是嗎?

So you come importing Chinese textiles, do you? 原來你是來進口中國紡織品的,是麼?

So you’ve been to Shanghai, have you? 原來你去過上海,是吧?

... what ...?

結構︰…疑問詞(在句中任何位置上)…

說明︰疑問詞不是位於句子開頭,而是在句子中任何位置上,這種方法十分簡單,因此在口語中經常出現。

Two times what number makes ten? 什麼數的兩倍是十?

You will go where? 你要到哪裡去?

You are twenty-what this year? 你今年二十幾歲?

He’s your who? 他是你什麼人?

What/How about + N/V-ing?

結構︰What/How about+名詞/動名詞?

說明︰此句型意為“…如何?”。這是徵求對方意見或提議的委婉說法。

What about the name Smith? 史密斯這個名字怎麼樣?

What about going to a movie? 去看場電影如何?

What about lending me some money? 借點錢給我如何?

What about washing the car on Sunday? 禮拜天洗車怎麼樣?

How about the others? 剩餘的怎麼樣?

How about a drink? 來一杯吧?

How about a cup of coffee at a nearby coffee shop? 去附近的咖啡屋喝杯咖啡吧?

What if ...?

結構︰What if+主詞+動詞

說明︰此句型意為“如果…的話怎麼辦呢?”。但經常用於反語,有時也變成“即使…也沒關係”之意。

What if it is true? 如果這是真的又該如何呢?

What if he doesn’t agree? 如果他不同意該怎麼辦呢?

What if he comes back now? 如果他現在回來怎麼辦?

What if the boy’s parents should die? 如果那男孩的父母死了該怎麼辦呢?

What if I fail! 即使我失敗了又怎樣!

What ... for?

結構︰What+助動詞+主詞+動詞…+for?

說明︰此句型意為“為什麼…?”。相當於“For what…?”

What are you running for? 你為什麼在跑步?

What do you want it for? 你為什麼要那個?

What did they go there for? 他們為什麼去那裡?

How else ...?

結構︰How else+助動詞+主詞+助動詞?

說明︰此句型意為“…還有別的方法嗎?”。

How else should a father in this modern world express his affection and concern for his own son? 現代這個世界上,父親還應該有別的方法來對自己的兒子表示愛護和關心嗎?

How else can the doctor save him? 醫院還有別的方法可以救他嗎?

How else can I apologize for her? 我還能有別的方法可以向她道歉嗎?

假設法句型

If + Present Tense ..., S + will/shall + V ...

結構︰If+現在式…,S+未來式…

說明︰if 子句用現在式,表示須具備的條件,主句用未來式表示可能的結果,整句含意為“如果…,那麼…”。will 用於所有的人稱,在 I 和 we 之後可用 shall 代替 will。若主句的主詞為 I 或 we 時,可以用 shall 代替 will。像 if necessary(如果需要),if possible(如果可能),if so(如果這樣)等固定片語實際上是省略了的 if 子句。

If I lose my job, I will/shall go abroad. 如果我失業了,我就出國。

If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin. 如果我頭痛,我就服一片阿斯匹林。

If it rains, we will stay at home. 如果下雨,我們將待在家裡。

If the weather clears, we’ll go for a walk. 如果天晴,我們就去散步。

If the weather doesn’t clear, we won’t go for a walk. 如果天不晴,我們就不去散步。

Inflation may be rising, if (it is) so, prices will go up.

通貨膨脹率可能上升。如果是這樣,物價就會上漲。

If possible, She wants to go with us. 可能的話,她想跟我們一起去。

Sterling may fall, if (this should be) so, interest rates will rise.

英國貨幣可能貶值,如果果真如此,利率就會上升。

If + Present Tense ..., S + Modal Verb ...

結構︰If + 現在式,主詞+情態助動詞

說明︰本句型實為句型之變體。之所以用情態助動詞,主要是因為說話者對可能的結果不是太肯定或者是想表達例如必要的意思。

If it is fine tomorrow, we can go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門可以出門。

If it is fine tomorrow, we could go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門能夠出門。

If it is fine tomorrow, we may go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門可能出門。

If it is fine tomorrow, we might go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門可能出門。

If it is fine tomorrow, we should go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門宜於出門。

If it is fine tomorrow, we ought to go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門宜於出門。

If it is fine tomorrow, we must go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門必須出門。

If I should ..., Imperative Sentence.

結構︰If I+should ...+祈使語氣

說明︰代替,增加了條件的不確定性。本句型常用在想禮貌地提出要求或建議,或者想圓通地告訴他人該做什麼事的場合。用 should 起始句子即可不用 if 而表示條件。這種用法比較正式,常用於諸如公函之中,而不用於日常會話。

If you should see him, please give him my regards. 如果你見到他,請代我向他致意。

Should you see him, please give him my regards. 如果你見到他,請代我向他致意。

If you should happen to see him, please give him my regards.

如果你萬一見到他,請代我向他致意。

Should you happen to see him, please give him my regards.

如果你萬一見到他,請代我向他致意。

If you should write to her, send her my love. 如果你給她寫信,請代我向她問候。

Should you not wish our agent to call, please let us know.

你若不希望我們的代理人去造訪,請告之。

Should you be interested in our offer, please contact us.

你若對我們的報價感興趣,請與我們聯繫。

If I should ..., I will ...

結構︰If…should…,…would(will)/should(shall)等+原形動詞

說明︰這是表示與未來事實相反的假設<句型>,if <子句>要用<助動詞> should,譯成“萬一”。should可置於<主詞>前,將 if 省略。<主要子句>的<助動詞>則視可能性做變化:若可能性低,則為過去式,若可能性高,則為現在式。should 可以提前,而將 if 省略。

If he should come, I would tell him the truth. 萬一他來,我會把真相告訴他。

If he should come, I will tell him the truth. 萬一他來,我一定會把真相告訴他。

Should the boy come again, I would throw him out. 要是那男孩在來,我就把他攆出去。

If it should rain, our plan would be spoiled. 萬一下雨,我們的計劃就泡湯了。

Should that be true, the contract would be canceled. 假如那是真的,合約就該取消。

Should another world war break out, what would become of human beings?

萬一另一次世界大戰爆發,人類將會發生什麼事?

If I were to ..., I ...

結構︰If…were to…,…would/should 等+原形動詞

說明︰這也是表示與未來狀況相反的假設<句型>,與“if ... should, ...”大致相同,但“if ... were to”所表示的可能性更低,通常用以表示“與真理相反”的<假設語氣>。

If the sun were to rise in the west, he would pass the exam.

要是太陽從西邊出來,他就會通過考試--他不可能通過考試。

If I were to be born again, I would like to be a bird. 我要是再活一次,我想當一隻鳥。

If the sun were to disappear, what would the earth be like?

萬一太陽消失了,地球會變成什麼樣子?

Were I to die tomorrow, what would my children do?

萬一明天我死了,我的孩子們將怎麼辦呢?

If I + V-ed, I would ...

結構︰If…+過去式動詞…,主詞+過去式助動詞(would/should 等)+原形動詞

說明︰這是與現在事實相反的假設句型。if <子句>中的<動詞>,不論<主詞>為第幾人稱,一律用 were,were 可置於主詞前面,而省略 if。過去式<助動詞>除用 should(用於第一人稱)、 would(用於第二、三人稱)外,還可用不分人稱的 could,might 和 ought to,它們與<動詞>原形結合起來構成<假設語氣>。

If I knew his address, I could write to him. 如果我知道他的住址,我會寫信給他。

If I were free now, I might call on him. 如果我有時間,我可能會去看他。

If you were in my shoes (=Were you in my shoes), what would you do?

如果你站在我的立場,你會怎麼做?

Were I rich enough, I would buy a sports car. 如果我有足夠的錢,我就買一輛賽車了。

How happy I would be if I were a few inches taller! 要是我再高幾寸,我會好高興。

If I had a car, I could take her for a drive. 如果我有車,我就帶她去兜風了。

If I had binoculars, I could see that comet clearly.

如果我有望遠鏡,我就可以清楚地看見那顆彗星。

It is time that ...

結構︰It is(high)time+(that)+主詞+過去式動詞

說明︰此句型意為“已經到了…的時間了”。過去式<動詞>處有時亦使用“should+<動詞>

原形”。that <子句>也能用 to <不定詞>來表示。

It is time he went to bed. 該是他睡覺的時間了。

It is time that you left for the duty. 該你當班了。

It is time that you reflected upon your mistakes. 該是你反省思過的時候了。

It is high time he should come to our house for dinner.已經到了他該上咱家吃晚飯的時候了。

It is time for somebody to teach you to behave yourself.

該是有人教你應對進退之禮儀的時候了。

If I had V-ed, I would have ...

結構︰If…had+過去分詞…,主詞+would/should 等+have+過去分詞

說明︰這是與過去事實相反的假設<句型>。if <子句>要用<過去完成式>,<主要子句>則要

用過去式<助動詞>(would,should,ought to,might,could)+have+過去<分詞>。if <子句>中的 had可置於<主詞>前面,而省略 If。

If I had seen him, I would have told him the truth. 如果我當時看見他,我會告訴他實情。

I could have finished the task if I had had more time.

如果當時我能有多一點時間,我就能完成這項任務。

If we had known of your departure, we would have seen you off at the airport.

如果我們事先知道你要離開,我們會到機場送行。

I someone had been with him, he might not have been drowned.

如果有人在他旁邊,或許他就不會溺死。

I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses.

若非我已經習慣了這樣的回答,我可能不敢輕易相信。

Had he not apologize to her, she would not have forgiven him.

她(那時)不會原諒他,若非他道了歉。

Had he not saved me, I might have been drowned. 我可能溺死了,若非他救了我。

Had I proposed to you, would you have married me?

我要是當年向你求婚,你會答應嫁給我嗎?

Had you not helped us, we should have canceled this transaction.

假如沒有你的幫助,這筆生意早就告吹了。

If I had V-ed, I would ...

結構︰If…had+過去分詞…,主詞+would/should 等+原形動詞+now/today

說明︰這是<時態>不一致時的假設<句型>,亦稱混合假設條件句。即:if <子句>若與過去

事實相反,用<過去完成式>表示;而<主要子句>若與現在事實相反,則用過去式<助動詞>

表示。此類<主要子句>句尾通常有表現在的<時間副詞>,如 now,today 等。

If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.

如果他年輕時多努力一點,現在就能過得舒服些。

If I had been rich ten years ago, I could buy that house today.

如果十年前我有錢,今天我就能買下那棟房子了。

Had he told the truth, he wouldn’t be punished now.如果他當時肯說實話,現在就不會受罪了。

Had he followed the doctor’s advice, he might be alive now.

當時他要是聽了醫生的建議,現在可能還活著。

I wish ... + V-ed ...

結構︰I wish+(that)+主詞+動詞過去式/過去完成式(had+過去分詞)…

說明︰I wish 之後以 that <子句>為<受詞>時,該<子句>的<動詞>一定要用<假設語氣>:若

<動詞>用過去式,表示與現在事實相反的願望;若用<過去完成式>,則表示與過去事實相

反的願望。“I wish+that-<子句>”的<句型>也可用“I would rather+that-<子句>”取代。而

I hope 之後以 that <子句>做<受詞>時,該<子句>用一般<時態>。

I wish there were meadows and lambs. 但願有草地與小羊。

I wish I were as tall as you. 但願我像你一樣高。

I wish he could tell us. 但願他能告訴我們。

I wish (=I would rather) he could come tomorrow. 但願他明天能來。

I wish you had not been caught in the rain yesterday. 但願昨天你們沒有淋到雨。

I wish you had not told the truth. 但願你沒有說實話。

I wish I had known you ten years ago. 真希望十年前就已經認識你。

If only + V-ed

結構︰If only+過去式/過去完成式

說明︰此句型意為“要是…就好了。”用過去式,表示與現在事實相反;若用<過去完成式>,

則表示與過去事實相反。

If only I had a rich father. 要是我有個有錢的爸爸就好了。

If only he had been here. 要是他當時在這兒就好了。

If only I had another chance. 要是我再有一次機會就好了。

... as if/as though ...

結構︰…as if/as though…現在式/過去式/過去完成式

說明︰此句型意為“彷彿…;好像…一樣”。as if,as though 是<副詞><連接詞>,引導<副

詞子句>。<子句>中,可用現在式,以表示事實;也可用過去式或<過去完成式>,分別表示

與現在或過去事實相反的<假設語氣>。

He speaks like that as if he doesn’t want to attend the meeting.他那樣說話,似乎不想參加會議。

He walks as if he is drunk. 他走起路來好像他真的醉了。

He felt as if he almost wished to kill them. 他感覺彷彿幾乎要殺掉他們。

The baby opened the book as if he were able to read. 這個嬰兒打開書本彷彿他會念書。

The nurse attends on the patient as if he were her father.

這護士照顧這位病人彷彿在照顧她爸爸似的。

He ran into the room as if he had seen something terrible.

他跑進屋子,彷彿他看到什麼可怕的東西。

She looks as if nothing had happened to her. 她當時看起來好像什麼事都沒發生似的。

It seems/looks as if ...

結構︰It seems/looks as if…

說明︰此句型意為“似乎…”。本句型中的 as if <子句>可用以表示事實,或<假設語氣>。

It looks as if it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。

It seems as if he knows everything. 他似乎是個萬事通。

It seems as if he knew everything, but in reality, he is as stupid as can be.

他似乎是個萬事通。其實他是再愚蠢不過了。

It looks as if she had just come back from outer space.

她看起來彷彿剛從外太空回來似的。

It seemed as if he had finished the work. 他似乎已經完成了這個工作。

It seemed as if he would never finish the work. 他似乎永遠完成不了這個工作。

If it were not for ...

結構︰if it were not for+名詞/子句,主詞+would/should 等+原形動詞…

說明︰此句型意為“若非(有)…”。此類句構專門用於表示與現在事實相反的<假設語氣>。亦可用“but for+<名詞>”或“without+<名詞>”代替。were 可以提前,省略 if,如例句3。

If it were not for his presence, I would punish you. 要不是他在場,我會處罰你的。

But for your advice, I should have failed. 要不是你的忠告,我會失敗的。

But for music (=Were it not for music), life would be dull. 要不是音樂,人生會很無聊。

If it were not for oxygen and nitrogen in the air, no man could live on the earth.

大氣中如果沒有氧和氮,人就無法生存於地球了。

Without air, all living things would die. 若非空氣,所有的生物都會死亡。

Without newspaper, we would get behind the times. 要不是報紙,我們都趕不上時代了。

I should be lonely, were it not for the birds and the flowers. 我會寂寞,若非有鳥也有花。

Were it not for his help, I could not finish the work.若非有他的幫助,我就不能完成這件工作。

Were it not for science, we could not live a comfortable live.

若非科學,我們無法過著舒適的生活。

If it had not been for ...

結構︰if it had not been for+名詞/子句,主詞+would/should 等+原形動詞…

說明︰此句型意為“若非(有)…”。此類句構專門用於表示與過去事實相反的<假設語氣>。

If it had not been for his help, I should have failed. 如果沒有他的幫忙,我應該已經失敗。 Had it not been for your timely help, our company would have been on the verge of bankruptcy. 若非你及時伸出援助之手,本公司將會瀕臨破產的邊緣。

If it had not been for these experiments, the improvement of the machine would have been impossible. 要不是這些實驗,這部機器也許就不可能改良了。

Had it not been for the kind guide, I might have got lost in the mountains.

要不是這位好心的嚮導,我可能就在山中迷路了。

If it had not been that he was here, I would have punished you.

要不是他在場,我當時就會處罰你。

I demand/insist that ...

結構︰主詞1+意志動詞(demand/insist 等)+(that)+主詞2+(should)+原形動詞說明︰意志<動詞>有四類:建議(suggest,recommend,propose,advise,urge 等),要求(desire, ask,demand,require,request,maintain,insist 等),命令(order,command 等),規定( rule,regulate,stipulate 等)。其後接 that-<子句>時,該<子句>裡的<動詞>要用原形或“should+<動詞>”。美式英語通常省略 should。

The committee moved that the meeting (should) be adjourned. 委員提議休會。

His parents demanded that he (should) be back by ten. 他的父母要求他十點以前回家。

The employees demand that their salaries be raised. 員工們要求加薪。

They ruled that the law (should) not be imposed. 他們規定不應加重法律。

His father ordered that he (should) keep a diary in English.

他的父親規定他要用英文寫日記。

My mother encouraged me and insisted that I continue my education.

我媽媽鼓勵我,而且堅持我應該繼續我的教育。

He insisted that I (should) apologize to her. 他堅持我應該向她道歉。

Recently, many states have insisted that high schools teach students how to drive.

最近,許多州堅持中學應該教學生如何開車。

His father insisted that they (should) move to the country. 他爸爸堅持他們應該搬到鄉下。It is proper ... that ...

結構︰It is+意志形容詞(important 等)+(that)+主詞+(should)+原形動詞

說明︰意志<形容詞>包括 important,necessary,imperative,essential,urgent,desirable,advisable,recommendable,proper 等。that-<子句>中只能用<助動詞> should,不可用 must,而 should 往往予以省略。

It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference.

他有必要整理些資料供我參考。

It is essential that he get up early. 他有必要早起。

It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers.

急需將食物和衣服送給災民。

It is desirable that we (should) provide for the poor at Christmas.

在聖誕節施捨窮人是可喜的事。

It is important that he be quiet. 他該保持安靜是有必要的。

It is important that he not do it. 他不該做那事是有必要的。

It is requested that all members be present at the party. 全體會員都被要求出席這次晚會。

It is proper that such a bad man be punished severely. 這麼壞的人受重罰是應該的。Imperative Sentence + Conj. + Main Clause

結構︰祈使句+連接詞+主句

說明︰<祈使句>表示須具備的條件,主句表示可能的結果。<祈使句>代替 if 子句進行評說,提出要求,訂立協議,提供建議或威脅等。<祈使句>的用法比 if 子句表示的更為緊迫。

Provide the materials and we’ll do the job. 提供材料,我們就做這活。

Stop shouting or you’ll wake up the neighbors. 不要喊了,否則你會把鄰居吵醒的。

Put that down or else I’ll smack you. 把它放下,不然我就揍你。

Be there on time, otherwise you’ll create a bad impression.

要準時來,否則你會給人一個壞的印象。

Fail to pay and they’ll cut off the electricity. 你(如果)不付款,他們就要斷電。

Stop eating sweets, or you won’t get any dinner. 你如果不停止吃糖,你就不要吃飯。Unless ...

結構︰Unless+子句,主要子句

說明︰此句型意為“除非…”。unless 引導一個否定假設句,相當於 if ... not ...,有時可以互換使用。總體上看,unless 的語氣強於if ... not ...,而且有時較為常用,例如在最後通牒中。

Unless you change your mind (=If you don’t change you mind), I won’t be able to help you.

除非你改變你的想法,否則我不能幫助你。

Unless the management improves their offer, there’ll be a strike.

除非資方做出進一步的建議,否則將舉行罷工。

I couldn’t have got to the meeting on time -unless I had caught an earlier train.

我不可能及時趕到會場,除非我趕上了較找的一班火車。

Provided/Providing (that) ....

結構︰Provided/provided(that)+子句,S+V ...

說明︰此句型意為“如果…”。Provided/Providing (that) 引導假設條件句,其功能相當於 if。

Provided/Providing (that) you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow off.

如果你到今晚把手頭上的工作做完,你明天就可以休息。

As/So long as ...

結構︰As/So long as +子句,S+V ...

說明︰此句型意為“如果…,只要…”。As/So long as引導一個條件假設句,其功能相當於 if。

So (As) long as you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow leave.

如果你到今晚把手頭上的工作做完,你明天就可以休息。

As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe. 如果你開車小心,你就會很安全。

You may eat anything, so long as you don’t eat too much.

只要不吃得太多,你可以吃任何東西。

As long as live, I will help you. 只要我活著,我都會幫助你。

As long as you don’t betray me, I’ll do whatever you ask me to (do).

只要你不出賣我,要我做什麼我都願意。

We’ll ship the goods at an early time as long as there is a steamer.只要有船,我們就盡早裝貨。

You will never be good students so long as you goof around.

如果你們成天游手好閒,就永遠也成不了好學生。

Suppose/Supposing (that) ...

結構︰Suppose/Supposing (that)+子句,S+V ...

說明︰此句型意為“如果…,假使…”。Suppose/Supposing (that) 引導假設條件句,其功能

相當於 if。

Suppose/Supposing (that) we miss the train, what shall we do?

如果我們誤了火車,我們將怎麼辦?

What if/Say ...

結構︰What if/Say+子句,S+V ...

說明︰此句型意為“假設…”。What if 和 Say 用來引導一個假設條件句,其義相當於 Let us suppose(讓我們假設)。

What if/Say he goes home before us and can’t get in? What will he do then?

假設他在我們之前趕到家而又進不去呢?那他怎麼辦呢?

What if/Say you were to run out of money? What would you do?

假設你的錢用完了呢?你將怎麼辦呢?

With luck ...

結構︰With luck,+主要子句

說明︰With luck 為含蓄假設條件句(即不用 if 直接引導)。with luck 意為“如果幸運的話,如果運氣好的話”。

With luck, we’ll be there by tomorrow.幸運的話,我們明天將到達那兒。(=If we are lucky)With luck, she will get the job. 如果幸運的話,她將得到那份工作。(=If she is lucky)Given time ...

結構︰Given time,+主要子句

說明︰此為含蓄假設條件句(即不用 if 直接引導)。Given time 意為“(如果)給以時間的

話”。

Given time, they will probably agree.給以時間的話,他們可能會同意。(=If they are given time/If we give them time)

To hear him talk, ...

結構︰To hear him talk,+主要子句

說明︰此句型意為“聽某人談話(的口氣)…”。從形式上看,To hear him talk 似為不定式片語,但實則為含蓄條件句(即不用 if 直接引導)。To hear him talk 相當於If you could hear him talk。

To hear him talk, you’d think he was Prime Minister.

聽他談話(那口氣),你會以為他是首相呢。

To hear you talk, I’d think you were Prime Minister.

聽你談話(那口氣),我還以為你是首相呢。

Without ..., S + V ...

結構︰Without …,+主要子句

說明︰此句型意為“如果沒有…”,是導致主要子句結果發生的必要條件。Without ... 為含蓄假設條件句,此用法在口語表達中最為常見。without 意為“(如果)沒有…的話”。Without 既可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾,放在句首有強調作用。此外,如果主要子句用否定式,則和 without 構成雙重否定,表示特別強調 without 之後項為主要子句動作發生之必備條件。

Without your help, I couldn’t have done it.

(如果)沒有你的幫助,我是不會做成的。(=If you hadn’t helped me)

She can’t solve the problem without his help.如果)沒有他的幫助,她不可能解決這道題。 We can’t live without air or water.(如果)沒有空氣或水,我們就無法生存。

Fish cannot live without water.(如果)沒有水,魚兒就無法生存。

比較句型

as/so ... as ...

結構︰as/so+形容詞或副詞原級+as…

說明︰此句型意為“…和…一樣…”。比較兩件東西,並表示它們的程度一樣。第一個 as 為<副詞>,第二個 as 則為<副詞><連接詞>,引導<副詞子句>,修飾第一個 as。在 as…as 中可插入單數<可數名詞>,即:“as+<形容詞>+a/an+<名詞>+as”。若是複數<名詞>,可用“as many/few+複數<名詞>+as”;若是<不可數名詞>,則用“as much/little+<不可數名詞>+as”。“as+原級(形、副)+as+原級(形、副)”這形式表示有關同一人(物)的兩種不同的性質、狀態是一樣程度的,譯作“既有…且還有…”。

He is as handsome as his brother (is). 他和他哥哥一樣英俊。

Judy goes to the movies as often as Sara does. 朱迪像莎拉一樣時常去看電影。

Old John goes to sleep as easily as a baby does. 老約翰像嬰兒一樣容易入睡。

The girls are as busy with their work as bees. 這些女孩子就跟蜜蜂一樣忙著工作。

He is as nice a boy as Peter (is). 他和彼得一樣都是好男孩。

She has as many friends as Mary (does). 她和瑪麗一樣有許多朋友。

He has as much money as John (does). 他和約翰一樣有很多錢。

He is as clever as (he is) handsome. 他不但英俊而且聰明。

My teacher is as kind as (she is) intelligent. 我的老師不但善良而且聰慧。

as many/much ...

結構︰as many/much+名詞…

說明︰此句型意為“同數(量)的…;一樣多”。本<片語>旨在用以代替句中前面已提到的相同數字,以避免該數字的重複。

He was tired enough to make ten errors in as many (=in ten) pages.

他疲倦得十頁中犯了十個錯誤。

Mike read five books in as many (=in five) months. 麥克在五個月內看了五本書。

I didn’t expect that he should have committed three robberies in as many days.

沒想到(老實的)他居然在三天內犯了三次搶劫罪。

as many/much as ...

結構︰as many/much as+數字+複數名詞/不可數名詞

說明︰此句型意為“多達…”。不要與“as many/much+<名詞>”(同數量的…)混淆。同理,此類<片語>還有:as long as+數字+<名詞>(長達…),as wide as+數字+<名詞>(寬達…),as high as+數字+<名詞>(高達…),as early as+數字+<名詞>(早在…),as late as+數字+<名詞>(遲在…)等。

She has as many as seven sisters. 她的姊妹有七人之多。

As many as 100 people were killed in the air crash. 這次空難中多達一百人喪生。

I gave the beggar as much as 1,000 yen. 我給了這乞丐整整一千元。

Building costs ran up to as much as NT$ 20 million. 建築費用漲到高達新台幣兩千萬。

I have been learning English (for) as long as 15 years. 我學英文已有十五年之久。

He came home as late as two in the morning. 他遲至清晨兩點才回家。

I saw your brother as late as last week. 上個禮拜我還看到你哥哥。

The river is as wide as 100 meters. 這條河寬達一百公尺。

I mailed the letter as early as Friday. 我早在星期五就把信寄了。

A is as much + N + as

B is

結構︰主詞+be+as+much+名詞+as+(be)+主詞

說明︰此句型意為“…和…同樣…”。“as much+<名詞>+as+(be)+<主詞>”的 be 通常省略或放句末。

Comets are just as much members of the sun’s family as (are) the other planets.

彗星和其他的行星同樣是太陽家族的成員。

To eat too much is as much a bad thing as to eat nothing.吃太多和什麼都不吃同樣是壞事。

He is as much a member of the orchestra as Tom. 他和湯姆同樣是管絃樂隊的成員。

not as/so + ADJ/ADV + as + N

結構︰not as/so+形容詞/副詞+as+名詞

說明︰此句型意為“不像…那樣…”。as…as 可用於肯定句或<否定句>,而 so…as 僅可用於<否定句>構中。

It is not as (so) popular as other foods. 它不像其他食物那樣受歡迎。

He does not study as (so) hard as John. 他不像約翰那樣用功。

I am not as (so) careful as Tom. 我不像湯姆那樣細心。

as far as ...

結構︰as far as+名詞

說明︰此句型意為“到…之遠;到…的程度”。而“as far as+<主詞>+<動詞>”則表示“只要…,在…範圍內的話…”。

Swallows from England go as far as South Africa. 英國來的燕子飛到南非那樣遠的地方。

We walked as far as the railroad station. 我們走到火車站那樣遠的地方。

We drove as far south as Kaohsiung. 我們往南開車一直到高雄。

He went as far as Yokohama to meet his friend from England.

他遠至橫濱去迎接由英國來的朋友。

I swam as far as I could. 我盡可能地游遠。

... just as ... as ...

結構︰主詞+動詞+just as+形容詞/副詞+as+(代)名詞/動名詞

說明︰此句型意為“…就像…一樣…”。第一個 as 是“同樣的;一樣的”,第二個 as 是“像”之意。若<主詞>之後不是 be <動詞>,則 as 之後不用<形容詞>,而要用<副詞>。

Being a good pedestrian is just as important as being a good driver.

做一個好的行人就像做一個好的司機一樣重要。

Writing is just as important as reading. 寫作就像閱讀一樣重要。

He wrote just as carefully as Tom. 他就像湯姆一樣小心地寫。

... as ... as one can

結構︰…as+形容詞/副詞/名詞+as one can

說明︰此句型意為“儘可能…”。“as ... as one can”相當於“as ... as possible”。one 要隨<主詞>的人稱而變化,而 can 要隨<時態>變化。

To speak English fluently, you had better read as many English articles as you can.

要想把英文講得很流利,你最好盡量多看英文文章。

Take as much exercise as you can. 盡可能多做運動。

Be as careful as you can. 盡可能小心。

Our teacher explained the lesson to us as clearly as he could.

我們的老師盡可能清楚地為我們解釋這一課。

She needed to soften her request to make it as polite and courteous as she could.

她需要使請求語氣柔婉,以便盡可能把它變成有禮貌與客氣。

You should be as careful as you can in making friends.

在交朋友方面,你應該盡可能小心。

We had better learn by heart as many sentence patterns as we can.

我們最好盡可能多背句型。

I looked down the road as far as I could. 我盡可能遙望這條路。

I will try to save as much as I can. 我會設法盡可能多儲蓄。

You should remain as quiet as you can. 你應盡可能地保持沈默。

... as ... as ... can be

結構︰主詞+be 動詞+as+形容詞+as+(形容詞)+can be

說明︰此句型意為“極…,不亞於任何人…”。此<句型>借重複同一個<形容詞>而成為強調此<形容詞>的說法。常用的此類<片語>有:as plain as plain can be(再明白不過了),as wise as wise can be(再聰明不過了),as white as white can be(白得不能再白了),as wrong as wrong can be(錯得太離譜)等。

His failure is as plain as plain can be. 他的失敗是再明白不過了。

He is as handsome as (handsome) can be. 他瀟灑極了。

She is as kind as can be. 她極為和顏悅色。

Mary is as hardworking as can be. 瑪麗在班上之用功不輸任何人。

He may not be so clever as Peter, but he is as industrious as can be.

他也許不如彼得聰明,但卻用功極了。

as ... as ever

結構︰as+形容詞/副詞+as ever

說明︰此句型意為“與往常一樣…”。

He seems to be as busy as ever. 他似乎和往常一樣忙碌。

He works as hard as ever. 他和往常一樣努力工作。

She was as beautiful as ever after so many years. 過了那麼多年,她美麗如故。

... times as ... as ...

結構︰倍數詞+as+形容詞/副詞+as…

說明︰此句型意為“是…的幾倍”。“兩倍”是 twice,而三倍以上的“倍”,通常用 times。

An ordinary subway train, approaching the station, can be twice as loud as the loudest jet.

平常的地下火車接近車站時,發出的聲音可能是最大聲的噴射機的兩倍。

This line is four times as long as that one. 這條線是那條線的四倍長。

I am twice as old as he. 我的年紀是他的兩倍。

She studies three times as hard as I. 她用功的程度是我的三倍。

He earns twice as much as he used to. 他比往常多賺二倍的錢。

She spent half as much money as you. 她花掉的錢只有你花掉的一半。

... times the/my N ...

結構︰…倍數詞+the(或所有格)+名詞

說明︰此句型意為“是…的幾倍”。<倍數詞>與<名詞>之間一定有 the 或<所有格>。有時可改為“<倍數詞>+as+<形容詞>”。三倍以上的“倍”,通常用“times”。而“more than+<倍數詞>+the(或<所有格>)+<名詞>”譯為“是…的幾倍還不止”。

It was over twice the distance of the earth from the sun. 那是地球到太陽的距離的兩倍多。

Line A is four times the length of line B. 線條 A 是線條 B 的四倍長。

I have five times the number of Tom’s books. 我有五倍於湯姆的書。

He has three times my money. 他的錢是我的三倍。

He has more than three times my money. 他的錢是我的三倍還不止。

The river is ten times the length of the Tamsui River. 這條河的長度是淡水河的十倍。

Holland has two-thirds the inhabitants of the state of New York, which is four times the size of Holland. 荷蘭的居民是紐約州的三分之二,而紐約州卻是荷蘭的四倍大。

more than ... as ... as

結構︰more than+倍數詞+as+形容詞/副詞+as

說明︰此句型意為“是…的幾倍還不止”。“兩倍”是twice,而三倍以上的“倍”,通常用times。

He is more than three times as rich as I. (=He is three times richer than I.)

他的財富是我的三倍還不止。

He studies more than three times as hard as I. 他用功的程度是我的三倍還不止。

I am more than twice as old as he. 我的年齡是他的兩倍還不止。

He has collected more than three times as many stamps as I (have).

他搜集的郵票是我的三倍還不止。

... times ...er than ...

結構︰倍數詞+形容詞或副詞比較級+than…

說明︰此句型意為“比…大幾倍”。“兩倍”是twice,而三倍以上的“倍”,通常用times。

We now know that X-ray waves are 2,000 to 10,000 times shorter than light waves.

我們現在知道X光波比光波短二千到一萬倍。

This street is four times shorter than that one. 這條街道比那條短四倍。

The mother elephant is one hundred times heavier than the baby elephant.

這隻母象比小象重一百倍。

It is ten times louder than another. 它比另外一個的聲音大十倍。

This street is three times wider than that one. 這條街比那條街寬三倍。

I am twice older than he. 我的年紀比他大兩倍。

not so adj. as adj.

結構︰not so+形容詞/副詞+as+形容詞/副詞

說明︰此句型意為“與其說是…倒不如說是…”。相當於“<形容詞>/<副詞>+rather than +<形容詞>/<副詞>”。

She is not so beautiful as charming. (=She is charming rather than beautiful.)

與其說她美倒不如說她迷人。

He is not so clever as diligent. 與其說他聰明倒不如說他勤奮。

She is not so kind as simple. 與其說她善良不如說她單純。

not so much + N as + N

結構︰not so much+名詞+as+名詞

說明︰此句型意為“與其說是…倒不如說是…”。相當於“<名詞>+rather than+<名詞>”。

He is not so much a writer as a scholar. 與其說他是作家倒不如說他是學者。

He is not so much a genius as a hard worker. 他的努力勝於天份。

The Apollo program was not so much a scientific achievement as a technical accomplishment. 阿波羅計劃與其說是一項科學成果,不如說是一項技術成就。

not so much ... as ...

結構︰not so much+介系詞片語/不定詞片語+as+介系詞片語/不定詞片語

說明︰此句型意為“與其說是…倒不如說是…”。相當於“<介系詞片語>/<不定詞片語>+rather than+<介系詞片語>/<不定詞片語>”。

Happiness hinges not so much on wealth as on health.

快樂與其說在於財富倒不如說在於健康。

One’s greatness lies not so much in his wealth as in his character.

一個人的偉大與其說是由他的財富來判斷,倒不如說是由他的品德來判斷。

Success lies not so much as in luck as in hard work.

與其說成功在於運氣不如說是辛勤努力。

I lay down not so much to sleep as to think.我躺下來與其說是要睡覺,倒不如說是要思考。

It is not so helpful to give someone some bread as to teach him how to make a living.

與其說給人麵包很有幫助,倒不如說教導他如何謀生才重要。

Our success was attributed not so much to your help as to our cooperation.

我們的成功與其歸功於您的幫忙,不如歸功於我們的合作。

The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning. 學校教育的最大用處,與其說是教你事物,不如說是教你學習的方法。

The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. (=The oceans do not divide the world so much as unite it.) 與其說是海洋分割這個世界,不如說是統一這個世界。

not so much as ...

結構︰not so much as ...

說明︰此句型意為“甚至都不…”。相當於“not even ...”。本<片語>使用時,要置於<助動詞>之後,即:cannot so much as+原形<動詞>(甚至…都不能),do not so much as+原形<動詞>(甚至…都不),have not so much as+過去<分詞>(甚至…都沒有)。

He cannot so much as write his own name. (=He cannot even write his own name.)

他甚至連自己的名字都不會寫。

最新英语五大基本句型

Five basic sentence patterns 五大基本句型 一.五大基本句型: 1. I do. S+V(主语+谓语动词) 2. You are beautiful/handsome. S + V + C(主语+ 动词+ 主语补足语)即“主系表” 3. I love you. S+V+O(主语+ 谓语+ 宾语) 4. You make me happy. S+V+O+C(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语) 5. I will give you a kiss. S+V+O+O(主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+宾语) 二.具体讲解 1. 基本句型一:S十V主谓结构 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词:appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise等 如:学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________ 2. 基本句型二: S十V十C主系表结构 常见的系动词有:①be动词(是); ②感官动词: look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), ;taste(尝起来), sound(听起来); ③表示状态的: seem(似乎), appear(似乎,好像), keep(保持), remain(仍是), stay(继续处于...状态)等等。 ④表示转变或结果的: get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得),go(变成), grow(渐渐变得), fall(变得), prove(证明) 1)我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。We should __________ __________ any time. 2)这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_________________________________________________. 3) 春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。Spring comes. It is ______________________________. 4) 不要吃那种食物,它已经变质了。Don't have the food. _______________________________. 3. 基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构 1)我昨天看了一部电影。________________________________________________. 2)这些孩子他们照看得很好。They have ________ ________ _________ of the children.4. 基本句型四: S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构 1)昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。 Yesterday her father _______________ ________ _____ ____________ as a birthday present. 2) The old man ___ ______ ____ ________ ________ in the Long March.(正在给孩子们讲故事) 注意:这种句型还可转换为:S + V +直接宾语“物”+for/ to sb. + 间接宾语“人” 1)请把你的画给我看一下。 Please show me your picture. ==Please _________ ________ __________ _____ _____.

五种句型、七大语法、八大时态

1)五种句型 1.基本句型一: S V (主+谓) 2.基本句型二: S V P (主+谓+表) 3.基本句型三: S V O (主+谓+宾) 4.基本句型四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 5.基本句型五; S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 2)八大时态 一、一般现在时: 1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本结构:动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(e)S) 4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。 6.例句:. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 二、一般过去时: 1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just n ow, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词 4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。 6.例句:She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy. 三、现在进行时: 1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc. 3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing 4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing. 5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。 6.例句: How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 四、过去进行时:

(完整版)日语句子结构及句型

一、日语句子结构 01 、主谓结构 ①名词谓语句わたしは学生です ②形容词谓语句桜はきれいです ③动词谓语句(自动词)子どもは遊んでいます 02 、主宾谓结构(他动词)鈴木さんは英語を勉強します 03 、主补谓结构 ①主语+补语+谓语李さんは電車で通勤します ②主语+补语+宾语+谓语彼は友だちにプレゼントを贈りました 04 、主状谓结构 ①主语+状语+谓语彼女は静かに立いています ②主语+宾语+状语+谓语彼女は先生の話を静かに聞いています 05、日语句子特点: ①主语+(宾语)+谓语 ②句子的语法成分需要通过助词体现 ③时态形式的变化 二、日语的句子成分 主语:是判断句的主体或表示性质、状态、动作行为、存在的主体的成分。 日语中的主语多用提示助词「は」「も」和主格助词「が」。 宾语:表示动作、行为、状态的对象,且出现在他动词(及物动词)的前面,用「を」连接。 谓语:表达判断、性质、状态、动作行为、存在等的成分,一般在句末。 谓语主要说明主语“是什么、在哪里、干什么、怎么样”。 定语(連体修飾語):在句子中修饰或限定名词,说明其所属、性质、状态,一般位于名词前。 定语句:用主谓结构的句子做修饰成分,这类句子叫做定语句。 状语(連用修飾語):在句子中说明动词、形容词的状态、程度、数量等的成分。 补语:对谓语进行补充说明的部分。是表示时间、场所、方式、方向、目的、对象等补充说明的成分一般用格助词「に?で?へ?と?から?まで?より」。 对象语:在句子中用于表示希望、能力、好恶、巧拙等对象的成分。 形式上是主谓结构,但从意义上分析是动宾结构,用「が」。 独立语:独立存在。「はい」 三、日语四大句型: 01、判断句(名词作谓语) 断定句:以体言(名词、代词)作谓语的句子。例:私は田中です。——「田中」作谓语 02、存在句(存在动词作谓语) 存在句:表示存在关系的句子,经常以「ある/いる」作谓语。例:王さんは今教室にいます 03、叙述句(动词作谓语) 叙述句:以动词作谓语的句子。例:李さんは飲み物を買います。——「買う」作谓语 04、描写局(形容词作谓语) 描写句:以形容词、形容动词作谓语的句子。例:富士山は美しい。——「美しい」作谓语 四、日语句子的三个维度 日语句子按照时态划分,分为:现代式、过去式; 按照语体划分,分为:敬体形、简体形; 按照表达的意思划分,分为:肯定、否定。由

英语五大基本句型详解及练习(配答案)

从英语的句子结构上说,除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外,在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式,一般地说,某些动词在某一句式中,下面我们把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类,供大家参考。 一、S(主) + Vi (不及物动词) (谓)Time (s) + flies (Vi) 两天过去了。 冬天快要来了。 受伤的猫死了。 发生了一宗交通事故。 1)S + Vi + adverbial ( 副词作状语) Birds sing beautifully. 他高兴地离开了。 女孩安静地走了进来。 战争和平地结束了。 雨渐渐地停了。 2)S + Vi + Prep phase (介词短语作状语) He went on holiday. 他们会在三点钟到。 那群孩子步行去上学。 3)S + Vi +Infinitive (不定式作状语) We stopped to have a rest. 他起得早是为了读英语。 他希望做医生。 4)S + Vi +Participle (现在分词作状语) I will go swimming. 我们明天一起去钓鱼。 我明天去划船。 昨天他们去逛街。

S(主)+ Vt( 及物动词) (谓)+ Object (宾) ------- We like English. 1)S + Vt + N/ Pron (名词或代词作宾语) I like music. / I like her. 他去年教数学。 我们已收到了他们的来信。2)S + Vt + Infinitive (不定式作宾语) I want to help him. 他爸爸期待拥有一家工厂。 他们假装在看书。 我尝试去解决那个问题。 常用于这个句型的动词有:attempt ,dare ,decide, desire, expect, hope, wish, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, want, manage, plan, fail, try, agree等。 3) S + Vt + 疑问词+ Infinitive (疑问词加不定式作宾语) I don’t know what to do. 我在想明天去哪里。 你决定要买什么了吗? 我想知道什么时候出发。 常用于这个句型的动词有:ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder 等。 4)S + Vt + Gerund(动名词作宾语) I enjoy living here. 他每天都练习说英语。 李阿姨忍不住笑了。 我期待明天见到你。 常用于这个句型的动词有:admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, can’t help, imagine, appreciate, escape, permit, put off, devote to, make a contribution to, look forward to, feel like, get/be used to, pay attention to, have trouble/ difficulty in, be fond of, be worth 等。

英语语法的五种基本句型

教学目标: 1.让学生掌握英语学习中的五种基本句型; 2.学会分辨句子属于哪种句型; 3.懂得使用不同的句型造句; 教学重点与难点: 1.五种句型的分析与理解; 2.句型4(主+动+宾+补)与句型5(主+动+宾+宾)的掌握与比较; 教学方法: 1.ppt演示; 课堂练习: 一、下列的句子属于哪种类型 1. The sun rises 2. She is walking along the lake. 3. I like this book very much. 4. That man seems kind 5. He bought his sister a piano. 6. She kept us waiting for over three hours. 7. Let me give you a hand. 8. We tried to make her happy. 二、请说出五个句子,并说出属于哪种句型 家庭作业: 1.每个句型各举出3个句子 2.翻译句子

导入主题:我们现在能用英语写简单的作文,也可以用英语进行简单的交流与沟通,可是大家知道英语中有多少种基本句型吗?那这些句型分别是什么? (让学生自由思考、讨论,引出今天的课题,英语学习中的五种基本句型)1.Subject (主语) +Verb (谓语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如: He laughed. John has read widely. He lives in London. 2. Subject(主语) +Verb (谓语) +Object (宾语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语。如: Our team beat all the others. 3. Subject (主语) +Link. V(系动词) +Predicate(表语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见的系动词有:be(是),become(成为),get(变得),turn(变得),grow(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持)等。如: The rose smells sweet. 4. Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。如: We must keep our school clean. They made him their monitor. 5. Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,通常需要加介词for或to。可跟双宾语的动词 有:answer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell, write等。如: Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua? 【注】S=Subject(主语). V=Verb(谓语动词). P=Predicative(表语). O=Object(宾语).

各种英语句型结构总结

各种英语句型结构总结 各种英语句型结构总结 一、接不定式(而不接动名词)作宾语的24个常用动词 affordtodosth.负担得起做某事 agreetodosth.同意做某事 arrangetodosth.安排做某事 asktodosth.要求做某事 begtodosth.请求做某事 caretodosth.想要做某事 choosetodosth.决定做某事 decidetodosth.决定做某事 demandtodosth.要求做某事 determinetodosth.决心做某事 expecttodosth.期待做某事 feartodosth.害怕做某事 helptodosth.帮助做某事 hopetodosth.希望做某事 managetodosth.设法做某事 offertodosth.主动提出做某事 plantodosth.计划做某事

preparetodosth.准备做某事 pretendtodosth.假装做某事 promisetodosth.答应做某事 refusetodosth.拒绝做某事 wanttodosth.想要做某事 wishtodosth.希望做某事 注:有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式,不接动名词:aimtodosth.打算做某事 failtodosth.未能做某事 longtodosth.渴望做某事 happentodosth.碰巧做某事 hesitatetodosth.犹豫做某事 struggletodosth.努力做某事 二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词 advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事 allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事 asksb.todosth.请(叫)某人做某事 bearsb.todosth.忍受某人做某事 begsb.todosth.请求某人做某事 causesb.todosth.导致某人做某事 commandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事 drivesb.todosth.驱使某人做某事 electsb.todosth.选举某人做某事

(完整版)英语的五大基本句型

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英语五大基本句型详解及相关练习(配答案)(最新整理)

英语五种简单句(一) S(主) + Vi (不及物动词) (谓) eg.Time (s) + flies (Vi) 两天过去了。 冬天快要来了。 受伤的猫死了。 发生了一起交通事故。 1)S + Vi + adverbial ( 副词作状语) eg.Birds sing beautifully. 他高兴地离开了。 女孩安静地走了进来。 战争和平地结束了。 雨渐渐地停了。 2)S + Vi + Prep phase (介词短语作状语) eg.He went on holiday. 他们会在三点钟到。 那群孩子步行去上学。 3)S + Vi +Infinitive (不定式作状语) eg.We stopped to have a rest. 他起得早是为了读英语。 他希望做医生。 4)S + Vi +Participle (现在分词作状语) eg.I will go swimming. 我们明天一起去钓鱼。 我明天去划船。 昨天他们去逛街。 英语五种简单句(二) S(主)+ Vt( 及物动词) (谓)+ Object (宾) eg.We like English. 1)S + Vt + N/ Pron (名词或代词作宾语) eg.I like music. / I like her. 他去年教数学。 我们已收到了他们的来信。 2)S + Vt + Infinitive (不定式作宾语) eg. I want to help him. 他爸爸期待拥有一家工厂。

他们假装在看书。 我尝试去解决那个问题。 常用于这个句型的动词有:attempt ,dare ,decide, desire, expect, hope, wish, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, want, manage, plan, fail, try, agree等。 3) S + Vt + 疑问词+ Infinitive (疑问词加不定式作宾语)eg.I don’t know what to do. 我在想明天去哪里。 你决定要买什么了吗? 我想知道什么时候出发。 常用于这个句型的动词有:ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder 等。 4)S + Vt + Gerund(动名词作宾语) eg. I enjoy living here. 他每天都练习说英语。 李阿姨忍不住笑了。 我期待明天见到你。 常用于这个句型的动词有:admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, can’t help, imagine, appreciate, escape, permit, put off, devote to, make a contribution to, look forward to, feel like, get/be used to, pay attention to, have trouble/ difficulty in, be fond of, be worth 等。 英语五种简单句(三) S(主)+ Lv (系动词) + P (表) 【谓语】 eg.We are Chinese. 除了be系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词: 1)表感官的动词:feel, smell, taste, sound, look, 等 2)表变化的动词:become, get, grow, turn, go, fall, run, come等

初中英语语法五种基本句型

五种基本句型 句子就是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成得,依其组合方式可分为五种基本句型,如下表所示: 注意句子成分得表示法S:Subject(主语) V:Verb(动词)O: Object(宾语) P:Predicative(表语) OC: Objectplement(宾语补足语) 五种基本句型见下表: 第1种S+V主+谓 第2种S+V+O主+谓+宾 第3种S+V+P 主+谓+表 第 4 种S+V+o(间接宾语)+O(直接宾语) 第 5 种S+V+O+OC 主+谓+宾+宾补 第 1 种句型:主语+不及物动词:S+V?Birds fly、鸟飞、----- --主语谓语(不及物动词) Heruns in the park、她在公园里跑、------ -------------主语谓语地点状语(不及物动词)? 此句型就是主语+不及物动词构成句子得主体部分。不及物动词,后面当然不能直接带宾语了,要补上相应得介词,但就是可以有状语来修饰。上例中得inthe park,就是地点状语。 Class begins、(begin 在句中就是不及物动词) 开始上课。 比较we beginOurclass at eight、我们八点钟开始上课。该句属于第 2 种句型,begin 在句中就是及物动词,由此可见有些动词既可作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。 第 2 种句型:主语+及物动词+宾语:S+V+O My fatherreadthebook、 我父亲读过那本书、?(及物动词)?注意有些不及物动词后面加上介词就可把它瞧成一个及物动词,后面就可以加宾语了。You must listen tome、您必须听我得。(Listen 就是不及物动词。但加上to 之后,Listen to可以瞧成一个及物动词) 后面直接带宾语得动词就是及物动词,名词与名词得相当语(如代词、不定式、动名词……)等都可充当宾语。Shelikes English、(名词作宾语) I knowhim verywell、(代词作宾语) (同第一种句型一样,本句型可以有状语、定语修饰)Theywant to go、(不定式作宾语) Hestoppedwriting、(动名词作宾语) ?第3 种句型:主语+系动词+表语:S+V+P He became a scientist、她成为一个科学家了?谓语(系动词) be 动词与bee 就是英语中常见得系动词,后面必须接表语,才能用来说明主语,表示“…… 就是……”,“……变成……”等意思。 表语通常就是名词或形容词等。They are honest、她们就是诚实得。 Hebecameascientist、她成为了一个科学家。 His face goes red、她得脸变红了。It grew dark、天变黑了。 注意在英语中,除了be动词与bee 属于系动词外,还有一些实义动词,当表示状态存在或表示状态变化时也可以作系动词。这些词有:keep、look 、

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英语五大基本句型精讲

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