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Lesson 407-17-2014New words and expressions hostess n 女主人unsmiling adj 不笑的，严肃的tight adj 紧身的fix v 凝视globe n 地球despair n 绝望hostess ['h ??st ?s]n 女主人host 1n 待客的主人hostess 女主人the host nation 东道国，主办国eg

Chine is the host nation of the 2008 Olympic Games. 中国是 2008年奥运会的主办国。eg

Who will play host to the next Olympic Games? 谁将主办下一届奥运会？2n 在…上作主人，招待eg

The Parwells are such good hosts. 帕威尔一家非常热情好客。eg

He acted as host to his father’s friends. 他作为主人招待他父亲的朋友。3n 旅店老板，酒店老板landlord; landlady waiter---------waitress host ------------hostess prince---------princess actor---------actress hospitable['h ?sp ?t ?b ?l]adj 乐于待客的，好客的hospitality [,h ?spi't?liti]n 好客；殷情待客hostile ['h ?stail]敌意的，不友好的hostility [h ?s'tiliti]n 敌意,敌对状态；战争行动,战斗unsmiling [?n'smaili ?] adj 不笑的,面无笑容的,严肃的un:否定前缀unhappy adj 不快乐的unlucky adj 不走运的adj 不舒服的；令人不舒服的;令人不舒适的；不安的;不自在的unsure adj 无把握的unsparing [?n'sp ??ri ?]adj 不吝惜的，不宽恕的unsteady [?n'stedi:]adj 不坚固的；不稳的untrue 不真实的unused [?n'ju:zd]不习惯的smiling adj 微笑的laughing adj 笑的，带笑的laughing faces 笑脸be no laughing matter 不是开玩笑的事a smiling policeman 一位面带微笑的警察a smiling face 一张笑脸smile 1n 微笑，笑容，喜色force a smile 强颜欢笑wear a smile 面带笑容eg She was all smiles.她满面笑容。

a bewitching smile 令人销魂的一笑

bewitching [bi'wit ?i ?]使人心醉的，使人着迷的

a benevolent smile 和蔼可亲的微笑

benevolent [bi'nev ?l ?nt]adj 好心肠的;与人为善的；行善的,慈善的

a charming smile 妩媚的笑

charming ['t ?ɑ:mi ?] adj 媚人的;可爱的；令人陶醉的,引人入胜的

a ghastly smile 惨笑

ghastly ['g?stli:] adj 极坏的,糟透的,极不愉快的；可怕的,恐怖的；(脸色)苍白的,带病容的a grim smile 狞笑

grim [ɡrim] adj 严酷的,无情的；讨厌的,糟糕的；严厉的

a bitter smile 苦笑

Food and talk 进餐与交谈uncomfortable [?n'k ?mf ?t ?b ?l]

2v微笑

smile at sb对某人微笑

smile on sb/sth对…表示赞成或鼓励

eg She smiled at his threats.她对他的威胁一笑置之。

eg Fortune smiled on us.我们交了好运。

smile one’s tears away破涕为笑

laugh v/n笑，发笑（笑出声）

sneer [sni?]n嗤笑，嘲笑，讥笑（流露出高人一等、轻蔑的表情）

grin [ɡrin]n咧着嘴笑，龇着牙笑

ridicule ['r?d?,kju:l]

n嘲笑,奚落,嘲弄,戏弄

vt嘲笑,嘲弄,奚落 (laugh at)

smirk [sm?:k]n傻笑（通常含有自鸣得意或幸灾乐祸之意）

tight [tait]1adj紧的，不松的

a tight black dress一件黑色的紧身衣服/黑色的紧身连衣裙

a tight knot系得很紧的节

knot [n?t] n结；一小群人；硬节,节瘤；节,海里/小时

eg These shoes are too tight for me. 这些鞋对我来说太紧挤脚了。

eg His fingers were tight on my arm. 他紧紧抓住我的手臂。

a tight schedule紧凑的日程安排

schedule ['?edju:?l] vt排定,安排

n时间表,日程安排表；清单,明细表

a tight match势均力敌的比赛

a close match势均力敌的比赛

2adj小气的，憋闷的

eg A miser is tight with his money. 一个小气鬼对钱是很吝啬的。

miser ['ma?z?] n.n守财奴,吝啬鬼

eg Her throat was tight with fear. 她因恐怖而感到喉咙堵塞。

tighten ['ta?tn] vt收紧

vi(使)变紧；(使)绷紧；加紧 ←→ loosen

tighten up a screw旋紧螺丝钉

tighten one’s belt省吃俭用

eg The police are tightening up on safety for the Queen’s visit. 警方为女王的来访正在加强安全保护措施。

fasten ['fɑ:s?n]使固定

blacken ['bl?k?n]使变黑

whiten ['hwa?tn, 'wa?tn]使变白

tighten v使变紧，使绷紧

tie v系、扎，与……打成平局

tie fast系紧

fix1v（使）固定，安装，修理，整理

eg The date is not completedly fixed. 日期还没有完全确定。

at the fixed time在规定的时间

eg Can the garage man fix over the engine? 这个修理厂的人能修好这台发动机吗?

他修好了那把损坏的椅子。

eg He fixed up the broken chai

2v全神贯注于…，尤指凝视

fix one’s eyes on sth凝视

fix one’s attention on sth

全神贯注于……

fix one’s thought on sth全神贯注于……

stare [st??] v瞪着眼睛看，盯着看

glare [ɡl??] v怒视，恶狠狠地盯着

glare at sb/sth怒视…..

glance [ɡlɑ:ns]瞥一眼，看一下(take a quick look)

gaze [ɡeiz]久久地凝视，注视（通常指因惊讶或赞赏）

look at看

globe [ɡl?ub] n球，球状物；地球(earth)；地球仪

circle the globe环地球一圈

all over the globe全世界

global ['ɡl?ub?l] adj全球的，环球的

a global tour环球旅行

eg Everybody wishes for global peace. 每个人都渴望全球和平。

globalize ['ɡl?ub?laiz]

v使…全球化

globalize the economy 使经济全球化globalize the culture 使文化全球化n 全球化modern adj 时髦的，现代化的modernize v 使现代化modernization n 现代化real adj 真的realize v 使成为真的realization n 实现despair [dis'p ??] n 绝望；使人绝望的人(或事物) ←→hope in despair 绝望地 (despairingly)eg

He gave in to the enemy in despair. 他绝望地向敌人投降了。eg

He left his hometown in despair. 他绝望地离开了家乡。drive a person to despair 使（某人）陷入绝望throw a person to despair 使（某人）陷入绝望eg. We will hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. 我们将把绝望的大山筑成希望的磐石。hew [hju:] vt (用斧、刀等)砍、劈；砍成;劈出;开辟；砍倒despairing [d ?’spe ?r ??] adj 绝望的a despairing look 绝望的表情despairingly adv 绝望地Key Structures if 引导的条件句1. 真实条件句：对将来可能发生的事情的假设，主句中将来时或祈使句，从句用现在时eg

If he is out, I will call him tomorrow. 如果他不在的话，我明天再打电话吧。"I`ll call him tomorrow"是主句，用将来时，从句使用现在时"if he is out",是对将来可能发生的事情做假设。eg

You`ll miss the train if you don`t hurry.eg

If I have time, I`ll write to him tomorrow.eg Please don`t disturb him if he is busy.

eg If you went to the exhibition you would enjoy it. 如果你去了展览馆你将会很开心的。

eg If you saw him now, you wouldn`t recognize him. 要是你现在看见他的话，你可能认不出他了。

主句中使用了"would not do"过去将来时的否定形式，从句中使用"saw him"一般过去时。

eg Would he get annoyed if I told him about it? 要是我告诉他的话，他会恼火吗？

eg If I were in your position, I would act differently.

if从句的动词是be, 那么无论从句的主语是第几人称，统统用were的形式。

eg He would help if he were here. 要是他在的话他会帮忙的。

eg If you could make him change his mind, you would save him a lot of trouble.

Exercise

1. He would enjoy this if he were present. 要是他在的话，他会喜欢这一点的。(非真实条件句)主句中使用了"would do"过去将来时，从句中使用一般过去时，谓语动词be统统用"were"

2. She can do better if she tries .(真实条件句)

主句是将来时，从句则用一般现在时。

3. If you play with matches, you will burn your fingers. (真实条件句)

4. If you broke this window, you would have to pay for it. (非真实条件句)

5. If you lost your way, you would have to ask a policeman. (非真实条件句)

6. If you don`t apologize , he will never speak to you again.

7. If he were clever, he would not have any difficulty.

8. What would you do if you won a lot of money?

globalization [,ɡ2.非真实条件句（虚拟语气）：if从句谈论想象的情况，而主句则推测想象的结果。在从句中要用动词的一般过去时，而主句是would do(过去将来时)； 如果if从句的动词是be, 那么无论从句的主语是第几人称，统统用were的形式。

if从句中谈论想象的情况，而主句推测想象的结果，从句"if you went to"是一般过去时，主句“would do"是过去将来时。

措施。

假设。

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--Can you sing English song for us? --Yes. --Can I skate? --Yes, you can. --Can she climb the hills? --Yes, she can./ No, she can’t. c.特殊疑问句型: A：who+can+动词原形+其它 例如： --Who can sing in English in your class？ --Lily can. B：特殊疑问词(作定语)+名词+can+主语+加动词原形加+其它特殊疑问词how many / how much --How many boats can you see in the river?

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