新概念英语第二册第10课课文+笔记+单词讲解

Lesson 10Not for Jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐

What happened to the clavichord?

We have an old musical instrument.It is called a clavichord.It was made in Germany in 1681.

Our clavichord is kept in the living room.It has belonged to our family for a long time.The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.Recently it was damaged by a visitor.She tried to play jazz on it!She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.My father was shocked.Now we are not allowed to touch it.It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.

参考译文

我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。我们家有这件乐器已经很久了，是我祖父在很多年以前买的。可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。

【New words and expressions 】（11）1jazz [d??z]n.爵士音乐

2musical ['mju:zik?l]a.音乐的

3instrument ['instrum?nt]n.乐器

4clavichord ['kl?vik?:d]n.古钢琴

5recently ['ri:s?ntli]ad.最近

6damage ['d?mid?]v.损坏

7key [ki:]n.琴键8string [stri?]n.(乐器的)弦9shock [??k,?ɑk]v.使不悦或生气，震惊10allow [?'lau]v.允许，让11touch [t?t?]v.触摸

jazz n.爵士音乐

classical music 古典音乐

folk music 民族音乐

country music 乡村音乐

pop (popular)music 流行音乐

jazz 爵士音乐

play jazz 演奏爵士乐

eg.They tried to play jazz on the piano.他们试图在钢琴上演奏爵士音乐。

rock and roll 摇滚乐

rap 拉普乐（说唱音乐）

musical adj.音乐的

music [U]

a piece of music 一首音乐

concert ['k ?ns ?t][C]音乐会

musical adj.音乐的

musician n.音乐家

a music lesson 一堂音乐课

a music teacher 音乐教师

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a music lover音乐爱好者

a piece of music一首音乐

face the music面对失败；面对不愿面对而又不得不面对之事

（说法：1.新演员初上舞台非常紧张，但是音乐响起了，不得不上舞台，必须去面对音乐，面对自己不敢面对的事情；2.新兵入伍后参加军事检阅，军乐响起来了，不得不按照节拍去走，哪怕再紧张也没有用。）

a musical instrument一件乐器

a musical performance乐器演奏

a musical score[sk?:]乐谱

musical voice美妙的声音

instrument

1)器具，仪器

torture['t?:t??]instruments刑具

operation instruments手术器械

2)乐器

musical instrument乐器

-----What kind of musical instrument can you play?你会演奏哪种乐器呢？

-----I can play the guitar.我会弹吉他。

-----I can play the piano.我会弹钢琴。

-----I can play the violin.我会拉小提琴。

-----I can play the saxophone['s?ks?,f??n].我会吹萨克斯管。

instrument中的----ment是名词后缀

movement移动

government政府

judgment判断

argument争论，证据

clavichord n.古钢琴

recently adv.最近地；lately adv.最近地

常用在现在完成时以及过去时中

eg.Recently it was damaged by a visitor.最近它被一位客人弄坏了。

eg.They have recently bought a new car.他们最近刚刚买了一辆新车。

eg.Have you seen him recently.最近你见过他吗?

recent adj.最近的，最新的

eg.In recent years there have been great changes.在最近几年有很大的变化。

eg.What is the most recent news?什么是最新的消息?

eg.The photograph seemed quite recent.这张照片看起来很新是最近照的。

more recent;most recent

damage v.损坏

spoil v.损坏，惯坏，宠坏

damage v.部分损坏

destroy v.毁坏，彻底损坏

spoil

1)破坏

eg.The rain spoiled our excursion[iks'k?:??n].雨破坏了我们的远足计划。

2)腐烂

eg.The fish has spoiled in the heated room.鱼在很热的房间里已经腐烂了。

3)溺爱

eg.Spare the rod and spoil the child.孩子不打不成器；棍棒出孝子。damage n.[U][C]

1)损失[U]

a lot of damage大量损失

damage to sth对……的损失

damage to the car对车辆造成的损失

damage to crops对庄稼造成的损失

damage to one's reputation对某人名声造成的损失

2)damages赔偿[C]

v.损坏

1)部分损坏

break打断

cut剪，砍，割

crush[kr??]压坏，捣坏

tear撕

stain[stein]弄脏

都包含在damage范围之内

2)损害

eg.Smoking can damage your health.吸烟有害于你的健康。

to damage relations between two countries损害两国之间的关系

to damage one's career[k?'ri?]损坏某人的职业

damage one's good name损害某人的好名声

destroy v.毁坏，粉碎（希望，计划等）

eg.The fire destroyed the whole forest.大火毁灭了整个森林。

eg.All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal[ri'fju:z?l].

我所有的希望被他的一封拒绝信毁灭了。

key n.

1)琴键

eg.She struck the keys too hard.她过分用力敲击琴键。

or:She hit the keys too hard.

2)钥匙

the key to the door这个门的钥匙

the answer to the question这个问题的答案

the entrance to the hall这个大厅的入口

the train to London开往伦敦的火车

to表由此及彼的方向性

adj.关键的，主要的

key structures关键句型

eg.Who is the key person in this class？谁是这个班里的关键人物？Every student.人人都是。

a key question一个关键问题

string n.（乐器的）弦

1)细绳（比cord细，比thread粗）

a piece of string一条绳子

a ball of string一卷绳子

2)（附在衣服等之上的）带子

apron['eipr?n]strings围裙带

3)弦乐器

the strings弦乐器

violin小提琴

mandolin[,m?nd?'l?n,'m?ndl?n]n.曼陀林(一种琵琶类乐器) cello['t?el??]大提琴

harp竖琴

viola[v?'??l?]中提琴

guitar[ɡi'tɑ:]吉他

contrabass['k?ntr?'beis]低音弦乐器

都是弦乐器

clavichord古钢琴

piano钢琴

organ['?:ɡ?n]风琴

harpsichord['hɑ:ps?,k?:d]大键琴

都称为instrument

woodwind['w?dw?nd]木管乐器

brass铜管乐器

percussion[p?'k???n]打击乐器

4)一串…..，一系列……

a string of necklace一串项链

a string of pearls一串珍珠

a string of visitors一系列的来访者

a string of wins一系列的胜利

tied to one's wife's apron strings（深受）妻子影响及控制

harp on one's string旧调重弹，老事重提

have a person on a string（口）任意支配某人

shock v.使…..不悦或生气，震惊

shocking adj.令人震惊的

shocked adj.感到震惊的

be surprised对……感到惊讶（中性）

be shocked震惊（贬）

be astonished目瞪口呆，傻了

be surprised at/by sth对…..感到吃惊

be shocked at/by sth对……感到震怒/震惊

be astonished at/by sth对…..感到目瞪口呆

surprise n.

以surprise为例

eg.Mary's birthday is coming.I'll give her a surprise.

玛丽的生日就要到了，我要给她一个惊奇。

a surprise party一个意外聚会

to one's surprise令某人吃惊的是

allow[?'lau]v.允许，让（非正式用语）

permit[p?'mit]v.允许，让（法律条文规定，正式用语）

permit['p?mit]n.通行证

1)allow doing…..允许做

eg.We don't allow smoking.我们不允许吸烟。

2)allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事

eg.My mean boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone.

我那个吝啬的老板不允许我使用电话。

allow yourself to make mistakes不要对自己太严格，要允许自己犯错误。

3)授与人…..

eg.He allows his son too much money.他给儿子太多的钱。allowance[?'lau?ns]n.津贴；补助；零用钱(Am.)

eg.make an allowance of5%for cash payment付现金打9.5折make allowances for考虑到

touch v.触摸

touch-me-not凤仙花

forget-me-not勿忘我

eg.Don't touch me.别碰我。

eg.Don't touch that dish.It's very hot.不要碰那只碟子，它很烫。vi.摸起来（可以跟形容词）

类似的词有：

sound听起来

taste尝起来

look看起来

The desk touches smooth.这桌子摸起来很光滑。

The fish smells good.这鱼闻起来很好。

The story sounds interesting.这故事听起来令人感兴趣。

touched/moved/excited感动的（主语多是人）

touching/moving/exciting令人感动的（主语多是物）

touch stone试金石

a near touch千钧一发

in touch保持联系

out of touch失去联系

被动语态

l、构成：由系动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。

一般过去时：

例：People make history.人民创造历史。

History is made by the people.历史被人民创造。

注意：过去分词的过去分词的不规则变化

例:They completed the building last year.

他们去年建完这幢大楼。

When was the building completed?

这幢楼什么时候被建成的？

例：They won't allow you to take so much luggage with you.他们不会允许你随身带这么多行李的。

You won't be allowed to take so much luggage with you.

你不会被允许随身带这么多行李的。

现在进行时：

例：They are building a new railway.

他们正在建造一条新铁路。

A new railway is being built.一条新的铁路正在被修建。

过去进行时：

例：They were widening the roads.他们正在拓宽马路。

The roads were being widened.马路正在被拓宽。

现在完成时：

例:They have redesigned the aircraft.

他们已经重新设计了飞机。

The aircraft has been redesigned.飞机被重新设计了。

过去完成时：

例:The factory had reduced production costs.

工厂已经降低了生产成本。

Production costs had been greatly reduced.

生产成本已经被降低。

2、被动语态与主动语态的区分

主动：施动者+谓语+受动者

被动：受动者十be+v。过去分词十（by+施动者）

一般而言，被动语态施动者无需说出，因为这种句式强调的是受动者。例:Prisoners of war built this bridge in1942.

战俘在1942年修建这座桥

The bridge was built in1942(by prisoners of war). Exercise

l)We have an old musical instrument.We call it a clavichord.我们有一个古乐器，我们把它叫做古钢琴。

We have an old musical instrument.It is called a clavichord.我们有件古乐器，它被叫做古钢琴

2)Someone made the machine in Germany in1681.

人于1681在德国制作了这架机器。

The machine was made(by someone)in Germany in1681.有人于1681在德国制作了这架机器。

The machine was made(by someone)in Germany in1681.

3)a student-composed song由学生所作曲的一首歌

4)Everybody respected them at that time.

那个时候每个人都很尊重他们。

They were respected by everybody at that time.

那时他们被每个人尊重。

We have an old musical instrument.

have有，拥有

eg.I have many friends.

当"有，拥有"讲时，无被动态和进行时态

have是一个很活泼的词，有很多的意思

have breakfast

have a fever发烧

have a good time玩得开心

have a headache头疼

have a running nose流鼻涕

have a swollen['sw??l?n]face脸浮肿

have sth done由别人做某事

have something to do with与……有关系

have nothing to do with与……没有关系

have anything to do with与……有任何关系

have to do sth不得不做某事

It is called a clavichord.

变为主动语态为：

We call it a clavichord.

It was made in Germany in1681.

be made in+地点表示产地

be made in+时间表示制作于某时

be made of(a material)用某种材料制作

表示仍能看出原材料

eg.The tea pot is made of silver.这把茶壶是银制的。

eg.be made from(one or a number of materials)由某种或某些材料制成

表示已经看不出原材料

eg.Glass is made from sand and lime.玻璃是由砂子和石灰制成的。

eg.This sweater is made from wool.这件毛衣是羊毛制成的。

be made by sb被…..制造

eg.This cake was made by my sister.这只蛋糕是我姐姐制作的。

be made for为…..做的

eg.This cake was made for you.这只蛋糕是为你制作的。

Our clavichord is kept in the living room.

living room起居室(room in a private house for general use during the daytime)

sitting room(Br.)=living room

Our clavichord is kept in the living room

转变为主动语态:

We keep our clavichord in the living room.

We keep our clavichord in the living room.It has belonged to our family for a long time. belong to属于（无被动）

类似的词还有:

happen发生

take place发生

have有

The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.

转变为主动语态：

My grandfather bought it many years ago.

Recently it was damaged by a visitor.

主动态为：

Recently a visitor damaged it.

She tried to play jazz on it!She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.

too太，过多（贬）

eg.You think too much.你想得太多了。

eg.You work too hard.你工作太勤奋了。

break-broke-broken

break vt.

eg.She broke two strings.她弄断两根琴弦。

eg.She fell and nearly broke her neck.她摔倒，差点摔断脖子。

broken adj.断了的，破了的

eg.The glass is broken.玻璃碎了。

Eg.The book is broken.这书太破了。

eg.The strings were broken.琴弦断了。

My father was shocked.Now we are not allowed to touch it.

to touch it是主语补足语

主动态为：

Now my my father does not allow us to touch it.

to touch it是宾语补足语

It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.

主动态为：

a friend of my father's is repairing it.

a friend of my father's（双重所有格）

还可替换成：one of my father's friends我父亲的一个朋友

eg.Tom lent me one of his books.汤姆借我一本书

or:Tom lent me a book of his.汤姆借给我一本书

eg.He is one of my friends.他是我的一个朋友

or:He is a friend of mine.

Special Difficulties-----make

be made in表示制造于某地或某时

be made of表示能看出原材料

be made from表示看不出原材料

made by sb表示是谁制造的

made for为了谁而制造

1)Is your watch made of gold?

2)These knives were made in Sheffield['?efi:ld]设菲尔德(英国英格兰北部城市)?

3)This cake was made from sugar,flour,butter and egg.

双重所有格替换练习：

eg.a friend of my father's

or:one of my father's friends我父亲的一个朋友。

1)He borrowed one of my records.他借了我的一本磁带。

He borrowed a record of mine.

2)She showed me one of John's pictures.他给我看强尼的一张照片。

She showed me a picture of John's.

3)It was one of her ideas.这是他的一个主意。

It was an idea of hers.

4)One of your letters was found on my desk.你的一封信在我桌子上被找到了。

A letter of yours was found on my desk.

5)Some of their friends came to see me.他们的一些朋友来看我。

Some friends of theirs came to see me.

l)We are not allowed to touch it.We_____touch it.

我们不被允许碰它。

A mustn’t

B mustn’t to

C haven’t to

D don’t have to

分析：B千万不要，后面只能加动词原形；

C不合乎语法；D合乎语法，但意思上不合乎题意：

A不要做某事，干万不要做某平，合乎语法，含义也正确：

答案是：A

2)The visitor damaged it She_____it.

客人弄坏了它，她弄坏了它

A hurt

B pained

C broke

D destroyed

分析：A伤害，使伤心，一般指精神上的、情感上的或指对身体某一部位的伤害；

B是疼痛，使痛苦；D毀坏，摧毁建筑物等；C打碎，损坏。

答案是：C

3)Recently it was damaged.She damaged it____

最近它被弄坏了，她弄坏了它。

A late

B lastly

C lately

D finally

分析：A迟，晚；B最后；D最后，最终；C最近。

答案是：C

4)You have to pass the professional examinations to be_____to the society.你不得不通过社会所承认职业考试

A allowed

B permitted

C admitted

D submitted

分析：A允许；B许可，允许，准许；C承认；

D服从，顺从，提交，递交。

答案是：C

1.Key Structure:

一般过去式的被动语态：

Was/were十v.ed

例:This bridge was built in1942.

The bridge was built in1942.这座桥在1942年被修建了。

Main points:

Music音乐classical music古典音乐

Folk music民族音乐country music乡村音乐

Pop(popular)music流行音乐key to the door门的钥匙

Key structure关键句型

E surprised at对…感到惊讶（中性）

Be shocked at对…感到震惊（贬）

Be astonished对…感到目瞪口呆，傻了

Be surprised at/by sth对…感到震惊

Be shocked be astonished对…感到震惊

Be astonished be astonished对…感到目瞪口呆

Touch V.触摸

Touch smooth摸起来很光滑

You think too hard你想的太多了

Be broken被弄断了，被弄折了

Be made in十地点表示产地

+时间表示制作于某时

Be made of由什么做成（表示仍能看出原材料料）

Be made from表示已经看不出原材料

Be made by sb被…所制造的

A friend of mine我的一个朋友

One of my friends我的一个朋友

量词

l)a layer of—层

例:He wrapped each component on several layers ofof foam rubber.每个部件他都用几层泡沫橡胶包了起来。

2)a lot of许多

例:A lot of rain fell in Scotland last night.

昨天晚上苏格兰下了许多雨。

[用法]可修饰可数名词或不可数名词