激光术语中英文对照讲解
光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）Laser Glossary
ABLATION: The removal of material or tissue by melting, evaporation, or vaporization. ABSORB: To transform radiant energy into a different form, usually with a resultant rise in temperature.
ABSORBANCE: The ability of a medium to absorb radiation depending on temperature and wavelength. Expressed as the negative common logarithm of the transmittance.
ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT: The amount of radiant energy absorbed per unit or path-length.
ACTIVE MEDIUM: A medium in which lasing will take place, rather than absorption, at a given wavelength.
AFOCAL: Literally, “without a focal length”; an optical system with its object and image point at infinity.
AMPLIFICATION: The growth of the radiation field in the laser resonator cavity. As the light wave bounces back and forth between the cavity mirrors, it is amp stimulated emission on each pass through the active medium.
AMPLITUDE: The maximum value of the electromagnetic wave, measured from the mean to the extreme; put simply, the height of the wave. (See drawing under )
ANGLE OF INCIDENCE
ANGSTROM UNIT: A unit of measurement for a wavelength of light (written ?, equal to one ten billionth of a meter (10-10 meter). Occasionally still used.
ANODE: An electrical element in laser excitation which attracts electrons from a cathode. An anode can be cooled directly by water or by radiation.
AR COATINGS: Anti-reflection coatings, used on the backs of laser output mirrors to suppress unwanted multiple reflections which reduce power. AUTOCOLLIMATOR: A single instrument combining the functions of a telescope and a collimator to detect small angular displacements of a mirror by means of its own collimated light.
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AXIAL-FLOW LASER: The simplest and most efficient of the gas lasers. An axial 光
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专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）flow of gas is maintained through the tube to replace those gas molecules depleted by the electrical discharge used to excite the gas molecules to the lasing state. (See .”)
AXIS, OPTICAL AXIS: The optical center-line for a lens system; the line passing through the centers of curvature of the optical surfaces of a lens.
BEAM BENDER: Hardware assembly or optical device, such as a mirror, capable of changing laser beam direction; used to re-point the beam and in “folded,” compact delivery systems.
BEAM DIAMETER: The diameter of that portion of the beam which contains 86% of the output power.
BEAM EXPANDER: Optical device increasing beam diameter and reducing divergence. Result: A smaller focused spot for more distance between lens and part. BEAM SPLITTING: Optically splitting a laser beam into two or more beams, allowing work on more than one side of a part at the same time—but at somewhat less power than with a multiple-output beam system.
BREWSTER WINDOWS: The transmissive end (or both ends) of the laser tube, made of transparent optical material and set at Brewster’s angle in gas lasers to achieve zero reflective loss of vertically polarized light. Non-standard on industrial lasers, but a must if polarization is desired.
BRIGHTNESS: The visual sensation of the luminous power of a light beam, as opposed to scientifically measured power of the beam.
CALORIMETER: An instrument which measures the heat generated by absorption of the laser beam—another way to measure laser power.
CATHODE: The element providing the electrons for the electrical discharge used to excite the lasing medium.
CO2 LASER: A laser largely used in industry in which the primary lasing medium is carbon dioxide.
COAXIAL GAS: Most laser welding is done with a shield of inert gas flowing over the work surface to prevent plasma oxidation and absorption, to blow away debris, and to control heat reaction. The gas jet has the same axis as the beam so the two can be aimed together.
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COHERENT LIGHT, COHERENT RADIATION: Radiation composed of wave trains vibrating in phase with each other. Simply expressed: parallel rays of light.
COLLIMATED LIGHT: Divergent light rays rendered parallel by means of a lens or other device, allowing a sharp image of the object to be focused at the focal plane of the lens.
COLLIMATION: The process by which divergent rays (white, or natural, light) are converted into parallel rays (coherent light).
CONVERGENCE: The bending of light rays toward each other, as by a positive (convex) lens.
CURRENT SATURATION: Maximum flow of electric force in a conductor; in a laser, the point at which further electrical charge will not increase lasing action.
CW: The continuous-emission mode of a laser, as opposed to pulsed operation. DEPTH OF FIELD: The working range of the beam, a function of wavelength, diameter of the unfocused beam, and focal length of the lens. To achieve a small diameter spot size, and thus a high power density, a short depth of field must be accepted.
DIVERGENCE: The angle at which the laser beam spreads in the far field; the bending of rays away from each other, as by a concave lens or convex mirror.DRIFT, ANGULAR: All undesirable variations in output (either amplitude or frequency); angular drift of the beam, measured in milliradians before, during, and after warm-up.
DUTY CYCLE: The length of time the laser beam is actually cutting, drilling, welding, or heat-treating, as compared to the entire work cycle time.
ELECTRIC VECTOR: The electric field associated with a light wave and having both direction and amplitude. Commonly represented by a line with an arrowhead. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE: A disturbance which propagates outward from an electric charge which oscillates or is accelerated. Includes radio waves; X-rays; gamma rays; and infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light.
EMISSIVITY, EMITTANCE: Rate at which emission takes place; the ratio of the radiant energy emitted by a source or surface to that emitted by a blackbody at the same temperature.光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7218711333.html, Offering Optics, Electronics, Communication Resource.
ENHANCED PULSING: Electronic modulation of a laser beam to produce high peak power at the initial stage of the pulse. This allows rapid vaporization of the material without heating the surrounding area. Such pulses are many times the peak power EXPOSURE: A measure of the total radiant energy incident on a surface per unit area; radiant exposure.
FAR-FIELD IMAGING: An imaging technique with solid-state lasers that has several limitations: non-uniform energy distribution, very short working distances, and poor control of hole geometry.
FLASHLAMP: Source of powerful light; often in the form of a helical coil and used to excite photon emission in a solid-state laser.
FLEXOGRAPHY: A printing process involving laser-engraved, seamless rubber plates. FLUORESCENCE: The glow induced in a material when bombarded by light. Brewster windows of fused silica fluoresce in UV light, increasing absorption of laser radiation and degrading laser mode and output.
FLUX: The radiant, or luminous, power of a light beam; the time rate of the flow of radiant energy across a given surface.
FOCUS: Noun: The point where rays of light meet which have been converged by a lens, giving rise to an image of the source. Verb: To adjust focal length for the clearest image.
FOCAL POINT in laser work, the focal point of the beam relative to the work surface has a critical effect, such as the depth and shape of drilled holes. When the focal point is at the surface, holes are of uniform diameter. When the focus is below the surface, conical holes are drilled.FOLDED RESONATOR: Construction in which the interior optical path is bent by mirrors mounted on corner blocks bolted into pre-aligned position, permitting compact packaging of a long laser cavity.
FREQUENCY: The number of light waves passing a fixed point unit of time, or the number of complete vibrations in that period of time.
GAIN: Another term for amplification, usually referring to the efficiency of a lasing medium in attaining a population inversion. High gain is typically more than 50% per pass of the light wave between cavity mirrors.
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GAS DISCHARGE LASER: A laser containing a gaseous lasing medium in a glass tube in which a constant flow of gas replenishes the molecules depleted by the electricity or chemicals used for excitation. The discharged gas can be filtered and 90% recycled for economy.
GAS JET ASSIST: An assisting coaxial gas, such as oxygen, argon, or nitrogen, which may be used to achieve very high power levels for cutting certain metals.GAS TRANSPORT: A laser design which generates very high beam power within a fairly small resonator structure. Long electrodes parallel the axis and gas is circulated across the resonator cavity.
GAUSSIAN: The “normal curve,” or normal distribution, an example of which is the symmetrical bell shape of the holes created by the uncorrected, unfocused laser beam in its optimum mode. A Gaussian laser beam has most of its energy in the center.
HAZ: Heat-Affected Zone, or the area where laser beam and metal (or other) surface are in contact.
HELIUM-NEON LASER: (“HeNe”), Laser in which the active medium is a mixture of helium and neon, which is in the visible range. Used widely in industry for alignment, recording, printing, and measuring, it is also valuable as a pointer or aligner of invisible CO2 laser light.
HEAT SINK: A substance or device used to dissipate or absorb unwanted heat, as from a manufacturing process (or, with lasers, from reflected rays).
HERTZ: The approved international term, abbreviated Hz, which replaces CPS for cycles per second.
IMAGE: The optical reproduction of an object, produced by a lens or mirror. A typical positive le ns converges rays to form a “real” image which can be
photographed. A negative lens spreads rays to form a “virtual” image which can’t be projected.
INCIDENT LIGHT: A ray of light that falls on the surface of a lens — or any other object. The “angle of incidence” is the angle made by the ray with a perpendicular to the surface.
INTENSITY: The magnitude of radiant energy (light) per unit, such as time or reflecting surface.光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7218711333.html, Offering Optics, Electronics, Communication Resource.
ION LASER: A type of laser employing a very high discharge current, passing down a small bore to ionize a noble gas such as argon or krypton. The ionization process creates a population inversion for lasing to occur. A research laser useful for some industrial applications. IONIZATION: The process by which ions are formed. IRRADIATION: Exposure to radiant energy, such as heat, X-rays, or light; the product of irradiance and time. JOULE: One watt per second; a measurement frequently given for laser output in pulsed operation. KEYHOLING: In welding, the deep-penetration holes, which fill quickly with molten metal, that can be made in a few milliseconds by laser. LASER: An acronym of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. A laser is a cavity that has mirrors at the ends and is filled with lasable material such as crystal, glass, liquid, gas, or dye. These materials must have atoms, ions, or 光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）） molecules capable of being excited to a metastable state by light, electric discharge, or other stimulus. The transition from this metastable state back to the normal ground state is accompanied by the emission of photons which form a coherent beam. LASER ACCESSORIES: The hardware and options available for lasers, such as secondary gases, Brewster windows, Q-switches, and electronic shutters. LASER HARDENING: Laser-beam traversal of metal to harden quenching process producing the maximum hardness for most metals. LASER OSCILLATION: The buildup of the coherent wave between laser cavity end mirrors. In CW mode, the wave bounding back and forth between mirrors transmits a fraction of its energy on each trip; in pulsed operation, emission happens instantaneously. LASER ROD: A solid-state, rod-shaped lasing medium in which ion excitation is caused by a source of intense light, such as a flashlamp. Various materials are used for the rod, the earliest of which was synthetic ruby crystal. ? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7218711333.html, Offering Optics, Electronics, Communication Resource. 6
LEADING EDGE SPIKE: The initial pulse in a series of pulsed laser emissions, often useful in starting a reaction at the target surface. The trailing edge of the laser power is used to maintain the reaction after the initial burst of energy.
LIGHT: The range of electromagnetic radiation frequencies detected by the eye, or the wavelength range from about 400 to 750 nanometers. It is sometimes extended to include photovoltaic effects and radiation beyond visible limits.
LIGHT REGULATION: A form of power regulation in which output power is maintained at a constant level by controlling discharge current.
LUMINANCE: Commonly called illumination; the luminous or visible flux per unit area on a receiving surface at any given point.
MENISCUS LENS: The lens used primarily in CO2 lasers by Coherent, Inc. It has one side convex, the other concave.
METASTABLE, METASTABLE STATE: Unstable condition in which the energy of a molecule is at some discrete level above the lowest, or ground state. It is this condition which is necessary for emission of photons in a laser. (From quantum theory.) MICROM ETER: A “MY-kro’ mee-ter” is a unit of length equal to one millionth of a meter, or one micron. (Not to be confused with my-KROM’-a-ter, a measuring instrument used with a telescope, microscope, or laser for fine focusing). MILLIJOULE: One thousandth of a Joule.
MODE: A particular functioning arrangement, setup, or condition for laser operation, such as continuous emission, pulses, or grouped pulses. “Mode” also describes the ) MODULATION: The ability to superimpose an external signal on the output beam of the laser as a control.
MONOCHROMATIC LIGHT: Theoretically, light consisting of just one wavelength. Since no light is completely monochromatic, it usually consists of a very narrow band of wavelengths. Lasers provide the narrowest bands.
NANOMETER: A unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one billionth of a meter (10-9 meter). Once called a millimicron, it is used to represent wavelength. Abbreviated ”nm.“光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7218711333.html, Offering Optics, Electronics, Communication Resource.
NEAR FIELD IMAGING: A solid-state laser imaging technique offering control of spot size and hole geometry, adjustable working distance, uniform energy distribution, and easily produced range of spot sizes.光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）
Nd:GLASS LASER: A solid-state laser of Neodymium:glass offering high power or short pulses, or both, for specific industrial applications.
Nd:YAG LASER: A solid-state laser of Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminum Garnet, similar to the Nd:glass laser. Both are pumped by flashlamp.
NEMA: National Electrical Manufacturers’ Association, a group which defines and recommends safety standards for electrical equipment.
NOISE: Unwanted, minor currents or voltages in an electrical system.
OBJECT: The subject matter or figure imaged by, or seen through, an optical system. OPTICAL DENSITY: Protection factor provided by a filter (such as used in eyewear, viewing windows, etc.) at a specific wavelength. Each unit of OD represents a 10x increase in protection.
OPTICAL FIBER: Filament of quartz or other optical material capable of transmitting light along its conformation and emitting it at the end.
OPTICAL PUMPING: Exciting the lasing medium by the application of light rather than electrical discharge from anode and cathode.
OUTPUT COUPLER: The resonator mirror which transmits light; the one at the opposite end is totally reflective.
OUTPUT POWER: The energy per second emitted from the laser in the form of coherent light, usually measured in watts for continuous-wave operation and joules for pulsed operation.
OXYGEN ASSIST: In certain cutting operations, coaxial oxygen initiates an exothermic reaction to enhance the cutting rate for thick metals; in other words, oxygen actually does the cutting, with the reaction being maintained by the laser beam. PHOTOACOUSTIC EFFECTS: Arises with the use of very short-duration
high-energy laser pulses, at pulse durations typically below 10 microseconds. Significant amounts of energy are absorbed and a rapid expansion occurs in the tissue, generating an acoustic shock wave that causes mechanical disruption to cellular structures.
? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7218711333.html, Offering Optics, Electronics, Communication Resource. PHOTOCHEMICAL EFFECTS : Effects that occur from long exposure durations at energy dependent process (a function of the total quantity of radiation absorbed rather than its rate of absorption). PHOTOMETER: An instrument which measures luminous intensity. PHOTON: In quantum theory, the elemental unit of light, having both wave and particle behavior. It has motion, but no mass or charge.光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业
及资讯服务网站）） incident power levels insufficient to cause damaging photothermal effects. It is an PHOTOTHERMAL EFFECTS: The damage mechanism for acute laser injury (i.e. for injury immediately following exposure). The radiation incident at the surface is absorbed in the underlying tissue, increasing the temperature of the tissue to the level at which damage can occur, and laser burns result. It is a power dependent process (a function of the RATE at which energy is absorbed rather than the total quantity of energy involved). PLASMA: In laser welding, a metal vapor that forms above the spot where the beam reacts with the metal surface. Also used to describe the laser tube (plasma tube, discharge tube) which contains the completely ionized gas in certain lasers. POINTING ERRORS: Beam movement and divergence, often preventable by using short path-lengths. POLARIZATION: Restriction of the vibrations of the electromagnetic field to a single plane, rather than the innumerable planes rotating about the vector axis. This prevents optical losses at interfaces between the lasing medium and optical elements. Various forms of polarization include random, linear (plane), vertical, horizontal, elliptical, and circular. Of two polarization components (so-called), S and P, the P component has zero losses at Brewster’ angle. (See “ s BREWSTER WINDOWS.” l = wavelength E = electric vector H = magnetic vector. ) . Wave amplitude of a plane-polarized beam POPULATION INVERSION: When more molecules (atoms, ions) in a laser are in a metastable state than in the ground state (a situation needed for sustaining a high rate of stimulated emissions), a “ population inversion”is said to exist. Without a popul ation inversion, there can be no lasing action. POWER DENSITY: The amount of radiant energy concentrated on a surface. ? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7218711333.html, Offering Optics, Electronics, Communication Resource. 9 POWER METER: An accessory used to monitor laser beam power at the rear station.
光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）reflector, tune the beam for optimum power, or monitor power delivered to the work POWER RAMPING: A controlled change in the power level of a laser beam, either linearly, as up a ramp, across, and down again—or in several discrete steps. Useful for smooth completion of circular welds and for preventing fractures from rapid cooling.
PULSE ENERGY: The power of a single, brief emission from a laser programmed for pulsed behavior rather than continuous operation. Pulse energy can be several
PULSE TAIL: Pulse decay time, which can be shortened (by using a special mixture of gases) to allow for fast repetition of laser pulses within a given length of time.PUMP).
Q: The energy-storing efficiency of a laser resonator. The higher the “Q,” the less energy loss.
Q-SWITCH: A device that has the effect of a shutter moving rapidly in and out of the beam to “spoil” the resonator’s normal Q, keeping it low to prevent lasing action until a high level of energy is stored. Result: a giant pulse of power when normal Q is restored. RADIAN: An arc in a circle, equal in length to the radius; an angle (57.3? at the center of a circle, formed by 2 radii cutting off such an arc. Thus one rad = 57.3? RADIANCE: Brightness; the radiant energy per unit solid angle and per unit projected area of a radiating surface.
RADIANT ENERGY: Energy traveling as wave motion; specifically, the energy of electromagnetic waves (light, X-rays, radio, gamma rays).
RADIANT FLUX: The rate of emission or transmission of radiant energy.
RADIANT INTENSITY: Radiant power, or flux, expressed as emission per unit solid angle about the direction of the light in a given length of time.
RADIANT POWER: The amount of radiant energy available per unit; the radiant flux. RAMAN EFFECT: Part of the energy in a photon is transferred to (or from) the vibrational/rotational energy of a molecule.
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RAMPER: Power controls for accomplishing the ramping steps; may be
computer-controlled.光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）REFLECTANCE: The ratio of the reflected flux to the incident flux, or the ratio of reflected light to light falling on the object.
REFLECTION: The return of radiant energy (incident light) by a surface, with no change in wavelength.
REFRACTION: The change of direction of propagation of any wave, such as an electromagnetic wave, when it passes from one medium to another in which the wave velocity is different. Simply put, the bending of incident rays as they pass from one medium to another, such as air to water.
RESOLUTION: Resolving power, or the quantitative measure of the ability of an optical instrument to produce separable images of different points on an object; the capability of making distinguishable the individual parts of an object, closely adjacent images, or sources of light.
RESONATOR: The mirrors (or reflectors) making up the laser cavity containing the laser rod or tube. The mirrors reflect light back and forth to build up amplification under an external stimulus. Emission is through one of them, called a coupler, which is partially transmissive.
RMS: Units of electronic noise; the letters stand for Root-Mean-Square.
ROCKWELL C: A scale or test used to define hardness in metals, particularly steel and titanium.
ROTATING LENS: Beam delivery in a circular movement for cutting large-diameter holes. (De-focusing the beam for this lowers power density and increases drilling time.) SPECTRAL RESPONSE: The response of a device or material to monochromatic light as a function of wavelength.
STABILITY: Temperature, electrical, dimensional, and power stability are
important attributes in a working laser. The Everlase? series of industrial lasers achieve such stability through circulating coolant, cast iron end pieces, permanent alignment, electrical control, and kinematic mounting. Result: long-term variation of only +/- 2% of rated power.
STIMULATED EMISSION: When an atom, ion, or molecule capable of lasing is excited to a higher energy level by an electric charge or other means, it will
? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7218711333.html, Offering Optics, Electronics, Communication Resource. spontaneously emit a photon as it decays to the normal ground state. If that photon passes near another atom of the same frequency which is also at some metastable energy level, the second atom will be stimulated to emit a photon. Both photons will be of the same wavelength, phase, and spatial coherence. Light amplified in this manner is intense, coherent (collimated or parallel), and monochromatic. In short, laser light. TEM: Abbreviation for Transverse Electromagnetic Mode, the cross-sectional shape of the working laser beam. An infinite number of shapes can be produced, but only a relatively small number are needed for industrial applications. In general, “the higher the TEM, the coarser the focusing.”
? TEM00: A Gaussian-curve mode that is the best collimated and produces the smallest spot of high power density for drilling, welding and cutting.
? TEM01: Divided into two equal beams for special applications.
THRESHOLD: During excitation of the laser medium, this is the point where lasing begins.
TRANSFORMATION HARDENING: A process well-suited to lasers which involves hardening metal by heating it to the critical temperature for transformation, quenching it,
and solidifying it with uniform distribution of its carbon content.TRANSMISSION: In optics, the passage of radiant energy (light) through a medium. TRANSMITTANCE: The ratio of transmitted radiant energy to incident radiant energy, or the fraction of light that passes through a medium.
TREPANNING THE BEAM: Relative motion of the beam with respect to the part, ). VIGNETTING: The loss of light through an optical element when the entire bundle does not pass through; an image or picture that shades off gradually into the background. VISIBLE LIGHT TRANSMISSION/TRANSMITTANCE: The amount of visible light usable to the eye that passes through a filter. As a rule of thumb, as optical density increases, visible light transmission decreases — but not always.
WAVE: An undulation or vibration, a form of movement by which all radiant energy of the electromagnetic spectrum is thought to travel.光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）
? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7218711333.html, Offering Optics, Electronics, Communication Resource. WAVELENGTH: The fundamental property of light—the length of the light wave, crest to crest) are the micron, the nanometer, and (earlier) the angstrom.WINDOW: A piece of glass with plane parallel sides which admits light into or through an optical system and excludes dirt and moisture.光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）which determines its color. Common units of measurement (which is usually from
? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7218711333.html,
Offering Optics, Electronics, Communication Resource. 13
光学术语中英文对照
透镜系列术语中英文对照 单透镜 Simple (Single) Lenses 球透镜 Ball Lenses 歪像透镜 Anamorphic Lenses 圆锥透镜 Conical Lenses 柱状透镜，环形透镜 Cylindrical & Toroidal Lenses 非球面透镜 Aspheric Lenses 反射折射透镜 Catadioptric Lenses 绕射极限透镜 Diffraction-Limited Lenses GRIN透镜 GRIN Lenses (Graduated Refractive Index Rod) 微小透镜阵列 Micro Lens Arrays 准直透镜 Collimator Lenses 聚光透镜 Condenser Lenses 多影像透镜 Multiple Image Lenses 傅利叶透镜 Fourier Lenses 菲涅尔透镜 Fresnel Lenses 替续透镜 Relay Lenses 大口径透镜(直径150mm以上) Large Aperture Lenses (150mm) 复合透镜 Complex Lenses 红外线透镜 Infrared Lenses 紫外线透镜 Ultraviolet Lenses 激光透镜 Laser Lenses 望远镜对物镜 Telescope Objectives Lenses 显微镜对物镜 Microscope Objectives Lenses 接目镜 Eyepieces Lenses 向场透镜 Field Lenses 望远镜头 Telephoto Lenses 广角镜头 Wide Angle Lenses 可变焦伸缩镜头 Variable Focal Length Zoom Lenses CCTV镜头 CCTV Lenses 影印机镜头 Copy Machine Lenses 传真机镜头 Facsimile Lenses 条码扫描器镜头 Bar Code Scanner Lenses
桥梁名词中英文对照(修改版)
A类部分预应力混凝土 type A partially prestressed concrete A形索塔 A-framed tower B类部分预应力混凝土 type B partially prestressed concrete GM 法 Guyon-Massonet method JM12型锚具 J M 12 anchorage OVM锚具 oriental cone anchorage; T[形]梁桥 T-beam bridge T形刚构桥 T-shaped rigid frame bridge T形梁 T[-shaped] beam T形桥台 T-abutment U形梁U[-shaped] beam U形桥台 U-abutment VSL 锚具 VSL anchorage; 瑞士VSL 厂生产的国际通用夹片锚具。 W型护栏 w-type guardrail XM锚具 X-typed anchorage; X型三夹片式群锚。 YM锚具 Y-typed anchorage, post-tensioning strand group anchorage; [桥]台后回填 back filling behind abutment [桥基]沉降 settlement [桥梁]动力回应试验 bridge response to forced vibration [桥头]锥坡 conical slope 八字形桥台 flare wing-walled abutment 板 slab 板端错台 faulting of slab ends 板肋拱桥 slab-rib arch bridge 板桥 slab bridge 板式橡胶支座 laminated rubber bearing 板体断裂 slab rupture 板体翘曲 slab warping 板体温度翘曲应力 slab stress due to thermal warping 板桩sheet pile 板桩围堰 sheet pile cofferdam 便桥detour bridge 标准车辆荷载 standard truck loading 波纹钢桥面 corrugated steel deck 波纹管涵 corrugated-metal pipe culvert 波形梁护栏corrugated beam barrier 超载预压 surcharge preloading 车道 lane 车道分布
电梯专业术语中英文
abbreviation 缩语 abnormal "不正常的,反常的" abnormality monitoring 异常监听 abrasion 磨损 abrasion resistant 耐磨性 abrasive cloth 砂布 absorb 吸收 absorber 减振器 AC drive 交流拖动 AC feedback control 交流反馈控制 AC motor 交流电机 AC servo 交流伺服 AC servo motor 交流伺服电机 AC single speed 交流单速 AC two speed 交流双速 AC two speed motor 交流双速电动机 AC variale speed 交流调速 AC(alternating current) 交流电 acanning cycle 扫描周期，扫描循环 acceleration control system 加速度控制系统 acceleration(accel)rate 加速器 accelerator 加速器 acceptance of lift 电梯验收 acceptance period 验收阶段 acceptance test 验收试验 acceptanec certificate 验收证书 access door 检修门 access forbidden 禁止入内 access lift 通道电梯 access security 通道防卫 access switch "通道开关,维修用开关" access way 进出通道 accessibility "可通达性,接近的,难易程度" accessible 允许进入 accessible space 允许进入的场地 accessory "配件,附件" accident 事故 accident insurance 事故保险 accident prevention 事故预防 accidental contact 触电 accidental operation 误操作 accordion door 折叠门 accumulation 累积 accumulator 蓄电池 AC-GL machine 交流无齿曳引机 acoustic "听觉的,声音的" acrew die 板牙
一些起重机英文术语解读
abutment crane 台座起重机; 高座起重机 ammunition crane 重炮装弹机 crane ladle 吊包; 吊车浇包 crane link 吊车吊架 crane load 吊车起重量; 起重机起重量 crane loading 起重机起吊; 起重机装运 crane locomotive 起重机车 crane magnet 电磁吸盘 crane motor 吊车电动机 crane output 起重能力 crane platform 吊车平台 crane radius 起重机起吊半径; 起重机伸臂活动半径; 起重机伸距crane rail 吊车轨 crane rating 起重机定额; 起重机载重量 crane rope 起重钢绳; 起重机吊索; 吊车钢丝绳 crane runner 吊车司机 crane runway 起重机走道; 天车滑道 crane runway girder 起重机行车大梁 crane saver 料垛送进装置 crane scale 吊车衡 crane shaft 起重机轴
crane ship 水上起重机 crane stake 起重机柱 crane switch 起重机开关 crane trolley 起重机行车; 吊机滑车 crane trolley wire 起重机接触导线; 行车接触导线 crane truck 汽车起重机; 吊车; 车载起重机; 车装起重机; 卡车起重机crane weigher 吊车秤 crane wheel 吊车车轮 crane winch 起重机绞车 crane with double lever jib 四连杆伸臂起重机; 四连杆式伸臂起重机crane-type loader 起重机式装载机; 转臂式装载机 craneage 吊车工时 craneman 吊车工; 起重机手; 天车工 crawler crane 履带吊; 履带起重机; 履带式起重机 crawling crane 履带起重机; 履带式起重机 crow crane 料耙起重机 de-piling crane 叠板卸垛吊车 deck crane 甲板起重机 deck twin crane 并列式甲板起重机 depiling crane 叠板卸垛吊车 derrick crane 动臂起重机; 转臂起重机 derrick wagon crane 车座人字起重机; 车座人字形起重机
电机行业专用术语中英文对照
电机行业专用术语中英文对照 geared-down motor 齿轮减速发动机 gear-type hydraulic motor 齿轮式液压马达 gear-type motor 齿轮液压电动机 gear-within-gear motor 内啮合齿轮马达 general-purpose motor 通用电动机 generator-motor set 发电机电动机组 gimbal servo motor 万向伺服电动机 gimbaled motor 悬挂式电动机 gimbaling rocket motor 万向架支座火箭发动机glass reinforced plastic motor lifeboat 玻璃钢机动救生艇 governor motor 调节马 达 ; 调速电动机 ; 调速器电动机 ; 调速器用电动机 ; 调整机用电动机 graduation of the motor currents 电动机电流级加法 gramophone motor 唱机电动机 grinding head motor for woodworking 木工专用磨头电动机 grinding head motor 磨头电动机 grinding wheel drive motor 砂轮电机 gunmetals motor carriage 机械化炮车 gyro motor 陀螺马达 hand motor 手电动机 harmonic motor 谐波电动机 haulage motor 电机车 head motor 头部发动机 heat-pipe motor 热管冷却电动机 heat-resistant motor 耐热电动机 ; 高温电动机 heavy motor truck 重型载货汽车 hele-shaw motor 径向活塞式液压电动机 ; 径向活塞式液压电动机 hermetic motor 密封式电动机 ; 密封式电动机 ; 密封型电动机hermetically sealed motor 密封式电动机 hermetically-sealed motor 密封型电动机heteropolar d.c. linear motor 多极直流直线电动机 high capacity motor 高功率电动机high frequency motor generator 高频电动发电机 high power motor 大功率电动机 high slip motor 高转差率电机 high speed low-noise synchronous motor 高速低噪音异步电动机 high torque ac motor 大转矩交流电动机 high torque and low speed motor 大转矩低速电动机 high torque motor 高启动转矩电机 high voltage motor 高压交流电动机 high voltage wound asynchronous motor 高压卷线异步电动机 high-capacity motor 大型电动机 ; 高功率电动机 high-compression motor 高压缩发动机 high-output three-phase induction motor 高功率三相感应电动机 high-slip induction motor 高滑差感应电动机 high-slip motor 高滑率电机 high-speed motor 高速电动机 high-speed servo motor 高速伺服电动机 high-tension motor 高压电动机 high-voltage motor 高压电动机 high-voltage synchronous motor 高压同步电动机hoisting motor 升降电动机 home motor 家用电动机 homopolar motor 单极电动机horizontal induction motor 卧式感应电动机 horizontal motor 卧式电动机 horizontal-type motor 卧式发电机 horse motor 马拉传动装置 horse-drawn motorized duster 马拉机动喷粉机 ; 马拉式机动喷粉机 hot mill motor 热轧电动机 hot motor part detection 发动机发热部分探测 hot motoring method 热机马达法 hydraulic control motor 液压控制马达 hydraulic motor drive 液力马达传动 hydraulic motor sae stall pressure 液压马达的 sae 制动压力 hydraulic motor 水力发动机 ; 液压发动机 ; 液压马达 ; 油压马达hydraulic slave motor 液压马达 hydraulic stepping motor 液压步进马达 hydraulic traversing electric motor 液压方向机电动机 hydraulic-powered wiper motor 液压式风窗刮水器的液力驱动器 hydro-electric motor 水力发动机 hydro-motor jig 流体传动跳汰机 hydro-motor 水压发动机 ; 液压发动机 ; 液压马达 ; 射水发动机 hysteresis motor 磁滞电动机 ; 磁滞式电动机 hysteresis synchronous motor 磁滞式同步电动机 ; 磁滞同步电动机 igniter motor 点火发动机 immersed torque motor 湿式力矩电动机 ; 湿式力矩马达 immersible motor 浸入型电动机 ; 潜水电动机 impulse motor 脉冲电动机 ; 脉冲马达 impulse stepping motor 脉冲步进电动机 increased-safety motor 增安型电动机independent motor drive 单独电动机传动 individual drive motor 单独传动电动机individual-drive motor 单独传动电动机 induction motor controller 感应电动机控制器induction motor 感应电动机 ; 异步电动机 induction-motor meter 感应式电度表
半导体一些术语的中英文对照
离子注入机 ion implanter LSS理论 Lindhand Scharff and Schiott theory 又称“林汉德-斯卡夫-斯高特理论”。 沟道效应 channeling effect 射程分布 range distribution 深度分布 depth distribution 投影射程 projected range 阻止距离 stopping distance 阻止本领 stopping power 标准阻止截面 standard stopping cross section 退火 annealing 激活能 activation energy 等温退火 isothermal annealing 激光退火 laser annealing 应力感生缺陷 stress-induced defect 择优取向 preferred orientation
制版工艺 mask-making technology 图形畸变 pattern distortion 初缩 first minification 精缩 final minification 母版 master mask 铬版 chromium plate 干版 dry plate 乳胶版 emulsion plate 透明版 see-through plate 高分辨率版 high resolution plate, HRP 超微粒干版 plate for ultra-microminiaturization 掩模 mask 掩模对准 mask alignment 对准精度 alignment precision 光刻胶 photoresist 又称“光致抗蚀剂”。 负性光刻胶 negative photoresist
光学术语中英文对照
. 透镜系列术语中英文对照 单透镜 Simple (Single) Lenses 球透镜 Ball Lenses 歪像透镜 Anamorphic Lenses 圆锥透镜 Conical Lenses 柱状透镜，环形透镜 Cylindrical & Toroidal Lenses 非球面透镜 Aspheric Lenses 反射折射透镜 Catadioptric Lenses 绕射极限透镜 Diffraction-Limited Lenses GRIN透镜 GRIN Lenses (Graduated Refractive Index Rod) 微小透镜阵列 Micro Lens Arrays 准直透镜 Collimator Lenses 聚光透镜 Condenser Lenses 多影像透镜 Multiple Image Lenses 傅利叶透镜 Fourier Lenses 菲涅尔透镜 Fresnel Lenses 替续透镜 Relay Lenses 大口径透镜(直径150mm以上) Large Aperture Lenses (150mm) 复合透镜 Complex Lenses
红外线透镜 Infrared Lenses 紫外线透镜 Ultraviolet Lenses 激光透镜 Laser Lenses 望远镜对物镜 Telescope Objectives Lenses 显微镜对物镜 Microscope Objectives Lenses 接目镜 Eyepieces Lenses 向场透镜 Field Lenses 望远镜头 Telephoto Lenses 广角镜头 Wide Angle Lenses 可变焦伸缩镜头 Variable Focal Length Zoom Lenses CCTV镜头 CCTV Lenses 影印机镜头 Copy Machine Lenses 传真机镜头 Facsimile Lenses 条码扫描器镜头 Bar Code Scanner Lenses '. . 影像扫描器镜头 Image Scanner Lenses 光碟机读取头透镜 Pick-up Head Lenses APS相机镜头 APS Camera Lenses 数位相机镜头 Digital Still Camera Lenses 液晶投影机镜头 Liquid Crystal Projector Lenses 镜面系列术语中英文对照
透镜术语中英文对照
微小透镜阵列Micro Lens Arrays 准直透镜Collimator Lenses 聚光透镜Condenser Lenses 多影像透镜Multiple Image Lenses 傅利叶透镜Fourier Lenses 菲涅尔透镜Fresnel Lenses 替续透镜Relay Lenses 大口径透镜(直径150mm以上) Large Aperture Lenses (150mm) 复合透镜Complex Lenses 红外线透镜Infrared Lenses 紫外线透镜Ultraviolet Lenses 激光透镜Laser Lenses 望远镜对物镜Telescope Objectives Lenses 显微镜对物镜Microscope Objectives Lenses 接目镜Eyepieces Lenses 向场透镜Field Lenses 望远镜头Telephoto Lenses 广角镜头Wide Angle Lenses 可变焦伸缩镜头Variable Focal Length Zoom Lenses CCTV镜头CCTV Lenses 影印机镜头Copy Machine Lenses 传真机镜头Facsimile Lenses 条码扫描器镜头Bar Code Scanner Lenses 影像扫描器镜头Image Scanner Lenses 光碟机读取头透镜Pick-up Head Lenses APS相机镜头APS Camera Lenses 数位相机镜头Digital Still Camera Lenses 液晶投影机镜头Liquid Crystal Projector Lenses 单透镜Simple （Single）Lenses 球透镜Ball Lenses 歪像透镜Anamorphic Lenses 圆锥透镜Conical Lenses
房地产专业术语(中英文对照)
房地产专业术语（中英文对照）设施 ame nities 基本家庭用品 basic applia nces 佣金 commissi on 定金 deposit 实用率 efficiency rate 平面图floor plan 备有家具furnished 建筑面积gross area 山景 hillside view 内部间隔 internal layout 投资 in vestme nt 业主 Ian dlord 出租/租约lease 管理费 management fee 实用面积net area 座向 orientation 预付租金 rent payable in advanee 住宅物业市场 reside ntial property market 自用 self -use 平方尺 square feet 成交价 transaction price 空置单位 vacant unit 观景view
2. 楼花(property un der con struct ion) 银行按揭 bank mortgage 售楼书brochure 停车位 car park space 竣工日期 completion date 建筑材料 con struct ion material 发展商developer 电梯 elevator 法律问题 legal question 层楼level 大厦模型 model of the building 付款方法 payment method 复式单位penthouse 价目表price list 楼花 property un der con structi on 认购者purchaser 河景 rever view 售楼处 sales office 示范单位show flat 高层 higher level 客户资料表格 clie nt in formatio n form 看楼 property in spect ion 3. 商铺(retail shop)
PCB术语中英文对照表 精华版
Adhesion 附着力 Annular Ring 孔环 AOI（automatic optical inspection）自动光学检测 AQL（acceptable quality level）可接受的质量等级 B²it(buried bump interconnection technology) 埋入凸块焊点互连技术BBH(buried blind hole) 埋盲孔 BGA(ball grid array) 球栅阵列 Blister 起泡 Board Edges 板边 Burr 毛头/毛刺 BUM(Build-up multilayer) 积层式多层板 BVH（buried/blind via hole）埋/盲导通孔 CAD(computer aided design) 计算机辅助设计 CAM(computer aided manufacturing) 计算机辅助制造 Carbon oil 碳油 CEM(composite epoxy material) 环氧树脂复合板材 chamfer 倒角 Characteristic impedance 特性阻抗 CNC（computerized numerical control）计算机化数字控制 Conductor Crack 导体破裂 Conductor Spacing 导线间距 connector 连接器 Copper foil 铜箔（皮） Crazing 微裂纹(白斑) Delamination 分层 Dewetting 半润湿(缩锡) DFM（design for manufacturing）可制造性设计 DIP(dual in-line package) 双列直插式组件 Dk（dielectric constant）介电常数 DRC(design rule checking) 设计规则检查 drawing 图纸 ECN(engineering change notice) 工程更改通知 ECO(engineering change order) 工程更改指令 E glass 电子级玻璃 entek OSP处理 Epoxy resin 环氧树脂 ESD(electrostatic discharge) 静电释放 Etched Marking 蚀刻标记 Flatness 翘曲度 Foreign Inclusion 外来夹杂物 Flame resistant 阻燃性 FR-2(flame-retardant 2) 耐燃酚醛纸基板 FR-3(flame-retardant 3) 耐燃环氧纸基板
中英文起重机术语
起重机（crane） moblie crane 移动式起重机 truck crane 汽车式起重机 wheel crane / wheeled crane 轮胎起重机 crawler crane / caterpillar crane 履带吊;履带式起重机 tower crane 塔吊; 塔式起重机 -construction tower cranes / building tower crane 建筑塔式起重机，建筑塔机-luffing jib tower crane 动臂塔式起重机 -tower jib crane 塔式挺杆起重机（含义与上同） bridge crane/traveling crane/overhead crane 桥吊；桥式吊车; 桥式起重机-electric traveling crane 电动桥式起重机（俗称行车、天车） -electric double-beam bridge crane 电动双梁桥式起重机 portal crane / portal bridge crane门式起重机 - semi-goliath crane 半门式起重机 - semi-portal bridge crane 半龙门起重机 gantry cranes 龙门起重机 - rubber tyred gantry crane 轮胎式龙门吊 - electric gantry crane 电动龙门式起重机 - hook gantry crane 吊钩龙门吊 - economical gantry crane 简单龙门起重机; 简易龙门起重机 - rubber tyred container gantry crane 轮胎式集装箱龙门起重机 barges / floating Cranes 船式起重机; 浮吊; 浮式起重机水上起重机 boom crane 吊杆起重机; 桁梁起重机; 臂式起重机; 伸臂起重机 bucket crane 料罐起重机; 吊斗起重机 building crane 建筑起重机 cable crane 索道起重机; 缆索起重机 container crane 集装箱起重机 electric crane 电动吊车; 电动起重机; 电力起重机 electriomagnet crane 电磁铁起重机 electric jib crane 电动单臂起重机 fixed crane 固定式起重机 climbing crane 爬升式起重机；攀爬式起重机 fixed derrick crane 固定式动臂起重机 fixed jib crane 固定式悬臂起重机 flying crane helicopter 起重直升机 hoist crane 起重葫芦 hoisting crane 升降起重机 hook type crane 钩式起重机 twin hood crane 双钩吊车 mobile crane 移动式吊车; 移动式起重机 quay crane 码头起重机; 码头桥式起重机; 港岸起重机 revolving track crane 回转式轨道起重机 circular crane 旋转式吊车环形吊车 roof crane 屋顶起重机
环境艺术设计常用的术语中英文对照
Content目录- Design Explanation设计说明- Master Plan总平面- Space Sequence Analysis景观空间分析- Function Analysis功能分析- Landscape Theme Analysis景观景点主题分析图- Traffic Analysis交通分析- Vertical Plan竖向平面布置图- Lighting Furniture Layout灯光平面布置示意图- Marker/Background Music/Garbage Bin标识牌/背景音乐/垃圾桶布置图-Plan平面图- Hand Drawing手绘效果图- Section剖面图- Detail详图- Central Axis中心公共主轴- Reference Picture参考图片- Planting Reference Picture植物选样- 材料类：- aluminum铝- asphalt沥青- alpine rock轻质岗石- boasted ashlars粗凿- ceramic陶瓷、陶瓷制品- cobble小圆石、小鹅卵石- clay粘土-
crushed gravel碎砾石- crushed stone concrete碎石混凝土- crushed stone碎石- cement石灰- enamel陶瓷、瓷釉- frosted glass磨砂玻璃- grit stone/sand stone砂岩- glazed colored glass/colored glazed glass彩釉玻璃-granite花岗石、花岗岩- gravel卵石- galleting碎石片- ground pavement material墙面地砖材料- light-gauge steel section/hollow steel section薄壁型钢-light slates轻质板岩- lime earth灰土- masonry砝石结构- membrane张拉膜、膜结构- membrane waterproofing薄膜防水- mosaic马赛克- quarry stone masonry/quarrystone bond粗石体- plaster灰浆- polished plate glass/polished plate磨光平板玻璃- panel面板、嵌板- rusticated ashlars粗琢方石- rough rubble粗毛石-
中英文起重机分类
起重机分类：（crane类） moblie crane移动式起重机 truck crane汽车式起重机 wheel crane / wheeled crane轮胎起重机 crawler crane / caterpillar crane履带吊;履带式起重机 tower crane塔吊; 塔式起重机 -construction tower cranes / building tower crane建筑塔式起重机，建筑塔机 -luffing jib tower crane动臂塔式起重机 -tower jib crane塔式挺杆起重机（含义与上同） bridge crane/traveling crane/overhead crane桥吊；桥式吊车; 桥式起重机 -electric traveling crane电动桥式起重机（俗称行车、天车） -electric double-beam bridge crane电动双梁桥式起重机 portal crane / portal bridge crane门式起重机 - semi-goliath crane半门式起重机 - semi-portal bridge crane半龙门起重机
gantry cranes龙门起重机 - rubber tyred gantry crane轮胎式龙门吊 - electric gantry crane电动龙门式起重机 - hook gantry crane吊钩龙门吊 - economical gantry crane简单龙门起重机; 简易龙门起重机 - rubber tyred container gantry crane 轮胎式集装箱龙门起重机 barges / floating Cranes船式起重机; 浮吊; 浮式起重机水上起重机boom crane吊杆起重机; 桁梁起重机; 臂式起重机; 伸臂起重机bucket crane料罐起重机; 吊斗起重机 building crane建筑起重机 cable crane索道起重机; 缆索起重机 container crane集装箱起重机 electric crane电动吊车; 电动起重机; 电力起重机electriomagnet crane电磁铁起重机 electric jib crane电动单臂起重机 fixed crane固定式起重机 climbing crane爬升式起重机；攀爬式起重机 fixed derrick crane固定式动臂起重机 fixed jib crane固定式悬臂起重机 flying crane helicopter起重直升机
常用光学词汇对照
常用光学词汇对照(中英) 透镜系列术语中英文对照 单透镜 Simple (Single) Lenses 球透镜 Ball Lenses 歪像透镜 Anamorphic Lenses 圆锥透镜 Conical Lenses 柱状透镜，环形透镜 Cylindrical & Toroidal Lenses 非球面透镜 Aspheric Lenses 反射折射透镜 Catadioptric Lenses 绕射极限透镜 Diffraction-Limited Lenses GRIN透镜 GRIN Lenses (Graduated Refractive Index Rod) 微小透镜阵列 Micro Lens Arrays 准直透镜 Collimator Lenses 聚光透镜 Condenser Lenses 多影像透镜 Multiple Image Lenses 傅利叶透镜 Fourier Lenses 菲涅尔透镜 Fresnel Lenses 替续透镜 Relay Lenses 大口径透镜(直径150mm以上) Large Aperture Lenses (150mm) 复合透镜 Complex Lenses 红外线透镜 Infrared Lenses 紫外线透镜 Ultraviolet Lenses 激光透镜 Laser Lenses 望远镜对物镜 Telescope Objectives Lenses 显微镜对物镜 Microscope Objectives Lenses 接目镜 Eyepieces Lenses 向场透镜 Field Lenses 望远镜头 Telephoto Lenses 广角镜头 Wide Angle Lenses 可变焦伸缩镜头 Variable Focal Length Zoom Lenses CCTV镜头 CCTV Lenses 影印机镜头 Copy Machine Lenses 传真机镜头 Facsimile Lenses 条码扫描器镜头 Bar Code Scanner Lenses 影像扫描器镜头 Image Scanner Lenses 光碟机读取头透镜 Pick-up Head Lenses APS相机镜头 APS Camera Lenses 数位相机镜头 Digital Still Camera Lenses 液晶投影机镜头 Liquid Crystal Projector Lenses 镜面系列术语中英文对照 平面镜 Flat Mirrors 球面凹面镜，球面凸面镜 Spherical Concave and Convex Mirrors 抛物面镜，椭圆面镜 Off-Axis Paraboloids and Ellipsoids Mirrors 非球面镜 Aspheric Mirrors 多面镜 Polygonal Mirrors 热镜 Hot Mirrors 冷镜 Cold Mirrors 玻璃，玻璃/陶瓷面镜 Glass and Glass-Ceramic Mirrors 双色向面镜 Dichroic Mirror 金属面镜 Metal Mirrors
术语中英文对照
2.0.1城市居民city's residential 2．0．1 民用建筑civil building 供人们居住和进行公共活动的建筑的总称。 2．0．2 居住建筑residential building 供人们居住使用的建筑。 2．0．3 公共建筑public building 供人们进行各种公共活动的建筑。 2．0．5 停车空间parking space 停放机动车和非机动车的室内、外空间。 2．0．7 道路红线boundary line of roads 规划的城市道路(含居住区级道路)用地的边界线。 2．0．8 用地红线boundary line of land；property line 各类建筑工程项目用地的使用权属范围的边界线。 2．0．9 建筑控制线building line 有关法规或详细规划确定的建筑物、构筑物的基底位置不得超出的界线。 2．0．10 建筑密度building density；building coverage ratio 在一定范围内，建筑物的基底面积总和与占用地面积的比例(％)。 2．0．11 容积率plot ratio，floor area ratio 在一定范围内，建筑面积总和与用地面积的比值。 2．0．12 绿地率greening rate 一定地区内，各类绿地总面积占该地区总面积的比例(％)。 2.0.4 城市绿化 urban greenirng，urban planting 栽种植物以改善城市环境的活动。 2.0.5 城中绿地 urban green space 2．0．13 日照标准insolation standards 根据建筑物所处的气候区、城市大小和建筑物的使用性质确定的，在规定的日照标准日(冬至日或大寒日)的有效日照时间范围内，以底层窗台面为计算起点的建筑外窗获得的日照时间。 2.0.1 城市用地竖向规划 vertical planning on urban field 城市开发建设地区(或地段),为满足道路交通、地面排水、建筑布置和城市景观等方面的综合要求，对自然地形进行利用、改造，确定坡度、控制高程和平衡土石方等而进行的规划设计。
RP技术术语中英文对照
一、RP原理 1.RP(Rapid Prototyping) RPM(Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing) RP&M(Rapid Prototyping & Manufacturing) 快速原型制造 2.RP/M(Rapid Prototyping/Part Manufacturing) 快速原型/零件制造 3.LRF(Laser Rapid Forming) 激光快速成形 4.MRM(Material Removing Manufacturing) 材料去除制造 5.MIM(Material Increasing Manufacturing) 材料累积制造 6.QRM(Quick Response Manufacturing) 快速响应制造 7.FFF(Free From Fabrication) 自由成形制造 8.SFF(Solid Freeform Fabrication) 实体自由成形制造 9.LM(Layered Manufacturing) 分层制造 10.AMT(Advance Manufacturing Technology) 先进制造技术 11.Bionical Forming 仿生制造 12.Dispersed/Accumulated Forming 离散/堆积成形 13.Subtracted Forming 去除成形 14.Forced Forming 受迫成形 15.Growing Forming 生长成形 16.AFM(Anatomic Facsimile Model) 分解复制制造 17.DTM(Desk Top Manufacturing) 桌面制造 18.RPD(Rapid Product Development) 快速产品开发 19.STL(Surface Triangle List or Stereo Lithography) File 表面三角化数据格式文件 返回 二、RP工艺 1.SL(Stereo Lithography) 立体光固化 2.LOM(Laminated Object Manufacturing) SSM(Slicing Solid Manufacturing) SOM(Stratified Object Manufacturing) 叠层实体制造 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7218711333.html,yered Manufacturing 叠层制造 4.FDM(Fused Deposition Modeling) 熔融沉积成形 5.MEM(Melted Extrusion Modeling) 熔融挤压成形 6.MJM(Melted Jet Modeling) 熔融喷射成形 7.SLS(Selective Laser Sintering) 激光选区烧结 8.3DP(Three Dimensional Printing) 三维打印 9.3D Plotting(Three Dimensional Plotting) 三维绘图 10.DSCP(Direct Shell Casting Process) 直接壳型铸造 11.MJS(Multiple Jet Solidification) 多相喷射固化 12.SGC(Solid Ground Curing) 复印固化成形 13.BPM(Ballistic Particle Manufacturing) 弹道粒子制造 14.PCM(Pattern less Casting Manufacturing) 无模样铸造 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7218711333.html,(Contour Craft) 轮廓成形 16.Selective Spray and deposition(SSD) 选区喷涂沉积 17.Beam Interference Solidification(DIS) 光束干涉固化