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习语翻译

习语翻译
习语翻译

Translation of Chinese Idioms

Objectives(教学目标):

An idiom is an expression whose meanings cannot be inferred from the meanings of the words that make it up. An idiom is characteristic of a specific group of people. The characteristics of idioms pose great difficulties in translating them. This chapter is aimed to offer learners a panorama vision and specific methods in translating Chinese idioms into English.

Contents(主要内容):

---catergory of idioms

---characteristics of idioms

---essentials and methods in translating idioms

习语的范围

1.成语: 人们长期以来习用的、形式简洁而意思精辟的、定型的词组或短句。汉语成语大多由

四个字组成。set phrases; idioms

2. 惯用语:idioms

3. 俗语: “通俗流行之语”或“约定俗成广泛通行之语” sayings

4. 谚语: “在群众中间流传的固定语句,用简单通俗的话反映出深刻的道理。” proverbs

5.歇后语:由前后两部分构成,前一部分多为比喻,后一部分说明喻义。

two-part allegorical sayings

6.格言警句: maxim

习语的特点

1. 习语集中反映一个民族或文化的特色

2. 习语是各种修辞手段的集中表现

3. 习语是语言中独立的、不规则的、固定的成分。

第一、二两点对译者的要求是什么?

第三点对译者的要求是什么?

第一、二两点要求译者尽量保持原文的民族形式和风格,因此直译(不是死译和硬译)往往是必要的。

第三点要求译者不要把习语当作普通语句来处理,须避免字字对译。

习语翻译的指导思想

“直译基础上的意译”

“Translate literally, if possible, or, appeal to free translation.” (如果可能,就直译;否则就意译)

习语翻译的基本方法

1. 直译法:在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起译文读者错误理解的情况下,在译文中保留原文

成语的形象、修辞手段和民族特色

2. 同义习语借用法: 英语中有些习语在内容形式和色彩上和汉语习语相符合, 可借用来翻译汉语习语。

3. 意译法: 无法直译, 也无法借用时, 则意译

4. 直译兼意译:部分直译,部分意译,直意参半法

5. 省略法: 四字重叠词组因追求音韵美,前后两部分意义相同或相近时, 只需译出一部分或只译

其意义, 可以不考虑重叠的部分。

6. 增添法:为了更清楚地表达原意,有时要结合上下文,在译文中增添一些说明。

7. 还原法:有些习语源于外语,翻译时可使之还原。

8. 直译加注法:有些习语包含历史典故,含有中国文化色彩,如果不作一番解释,英语读者将很难理解其确切含义。

9. 粗俗语回避法:对于粗俗语,通常采用回避的方法,即借用英语同义习语或意译等方法来处理。

习语翻译基本方法例析

1.直译法: 保留原习语形象,不影响译文的理解。

纸老虎paper tiger

走狗running dog

丢脸lose face

和风细雨as mild as a drizzle and as gentle as a breeze

槁木死灰withered wood or cold ashes

跑了和尚跑不了庙The monk may run away, but the temple can’t.

竹篮打水一场空drawing water in a bamboo basket

剖腹藏珠cut open your stomach to hide a pearl

外强中干outwardly strong but inwardly weak

礼尚往来courtesy requires reciprocity

前怕老虎后怕狼fear of the wolf in front and the tiger behind

刻骨铭心t o be engraved on one’s heart and bones

引狼入室to lead a wolf into the house

重见天日to see the daylight again

百川归海all rivers flow to the sea.

画饼充饥to draw cakes to allay hunger

口蜜腹剑to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted

声东击西to shout in the east and strike in the west

城门失火,殃及池鱼A fire on the city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat.

路遥知马力,日久见人心

As a long road tests a horse’s strength, so a long task proves a person’s heart.

明枪易躲,暗箭难防

It is easy to dodge a spear in the open, but hard to guard against an arrow shot from behind.

※不能直译的习语

眉飞色舞

死译:His eyebrows are flying and his countenance is dancing

改译:To beam with joy

粗枝大叶

With big branches and broad leaves

To be crude and careless

无孔不入

To get into every hole

To take advantage of every weakness

扬眉吐气

To raise the eyebrow and let out a breath

To feel proud and elated

灯红酒绿

With red lights and green wine

Dissipated and luxurious

纸醉金迷

With drunken paper and bewitched gold

(a life of )luxury and dissipation

开门见山

To open the door and see the mountain

To come straight to the point

单枪匹马

With a solitary spear and a single horse

To be single-handed in doing sth.

2. 同义习语借用法:

1)含义相同,所用比喻和形象基本一致, “心有灵犀一点通”的习语, 可直接借用。

混水摸鱼to fish in troubled water

火上浇油to add fuel to oil

空中楼阁castles in the air

趁热打铁Strike while the iron is hot.

沧海一粟a drop in the ocean

覆水难收no use crying over spilt milk

狐假虎威ass in the lion’s skin

养虎为患to warm a snake in one’s bosom

本末倒置to put the cart before the horse

眼中钉,肉中刺 a thorn in the flesh

隔墙有耳Walls have ears.

赴汤蹈火go through fire and water

过河拆桥kick down the ladder

格格不入be like square pegs in round holes

乳臭未干be wet behind the ears

2)形象不同,寓意相同的,亦可借用,但是文化发生冲突时,要谨慎处理,不能随意借用。

小题大做make a mountain out of a molehill (可借用)

班门弄斧:to teach a fish to swim(可借用)

谋事在人,成事在天Man proposes, God disposes.(宗教文化差异,不可借用)改译:Man proposes, Heaven disposes. (文化价值取向不同)

3)无形象或比喻的习语, 可放心借用

迂回曲折twists and turns

断断续续off and on

焕然一新spick and span

乱七八糟at sixes and sevens

挖空心思to rack one’s brains

针锋相对to give tit for tat

4. 直译兼意译: 部分直译,部分意译

无亲无故without a single relative or friend to help her out

斩草除根pluck up the evil by the roots

风餐露宿braving(deal with a hard situation)the wind and dew

贼眉鼠眼to behave stealthily like a thief

辗转反侧to toss and turn restlessly

跃跃欲试eager to have a try

5. 省略法:

能工巧匠skilled craftsman

称兄道弟to call each other brothers

赤手空拳to be bare-handed

自吹自擂to blow one’s own trumpets

心慈手软soft-hearted

安家落户to make one’s home

抛头露面to make one’s own appearance

长吁短叹sighing deeply

千真万确quite true

油嘴滑舌glib tongue

沉鱼落雁之容,闭月羞花之貌。

Her beauty would put the flowers to shame.

6. 增添法

树倒猢狲散

Once the tree falls, the monkeys on it will flee helter-shelter. (meaning 慌慌张张)

借香敬佛

borrowing joss-sticks from a neighbor and burning them before Buddha for your own sake.

个人自扫门前雪,不管他人瓦上霜。

Sweep the snow from your own front door; leave the frost on the other man’s roof to thaw.

木已成舟

The wood is already made into a boat --- what’s done is done.

7. 还原法

牵着鼻子走lead/be led by the nose

武装到了牙齿be armed to the teeth

象沙丁鱼罐头一样packed like sardines/jammed together like sardines

夹着尾巴跑了run away with their tails between their legs

强权政治power politics

8. 直译加注法

画蛇添足

paint a snake with feet –to ruin the effect by adding what is superfluous.

三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮。

Three cobblers, with their wisdom combined, equal Zhuge Liang, the mastermind.

班门弄斧

show off one's proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban,the master carpenter.

9. 粗俗语回避法(英语同义习语借用或意译法)

我要去就是王八蛋。

I’ll be damned if I’ll go.

他妈的,雨真大。

Blast it! What a heavy rain!

真该死,我没赶上末班车。

Oh, hell. I’ve missed the last train.

你可以滚蛋了。

You can go to the devil!

Assignments:

I. Translate the following idioms and illustrate the method used.

1. 人为财死,鸟为食亡

Men die for wealth, birds die for food.

2.饱汉不知饿汉饥

The well-fed don’t know how the starved suffer

3. 千里送鹅毛----礼轻情意重

To send the feather of a swan one thousand li---the gift itself may be insignificant, but the good-will is deep.

4. 天有不测风云 a bolt from the blue

5. 船到桥头自然直You will cross the bridge when you come to it.

6. 近墨者黑He that lies down with dogs must rise with fleas.

7. 新官上任三把火New brooms sweep clean.

8. 水中捞月to fish in the air

9. 门庭若市 a much visited house

10.守株待兔to wait for strokes of luck

II. Translate the following sentences, paying special attention to the idioms.

1.中国人有句老话:“不入虎穴,焉得虎子。”这句话对于人们的实践是真理,对于认识论也是真理。

There is an old Chinese saying, “How can one catch tiger cubs without entering the tiger’s lair?”This saying holds true for one’s practice and also holds true for the theory of knowledge.

2.要吃胡桃肉,先砸胡桃壳。不入虎穴,焉得虎子。

He that will eat the nut must first crack the shell.

3.正如你所知,不入虎穴,焉得虎子,如果你不那么做,你就不会成功。

As you know, nothing ventured, nothing gained. If you don't do that, you won't succeed.

4.成就不是来自于守株待兔,而是来自于不断的追求。

Achievement is not a thing to be waited for, it is a thing to go after.

5.正因如此,那些郁闷的人总是守株待兔,被动地等着别人来爱他们。

As a result, the depressed often sit around passively waiting for someone to love them.

6.这两个队旗鼓相当,比赛中比分交替上升。

The two teams are well-matched, and the score seesawed all the time.

7.这场比赛旗鼓相当,比分很接近。最后结果是98比96,我们赢了。

It was a close match. The final score was 98 to 96 in our favor.

8.最后的结果应该是两者旗鼓相当。

The net result should hopefully come out equal.

9.一方面有丰富的经验,另一方面有坚定的决心,彼此旗鼓相当。

The rich experience of one side and the firm determination of the other balance each other out. 10.麦凯恩将在俄亥俄参加几个活动,这个州的几次投票,两人都是旗鼓相当。

McCain has several events in Ohio where several polls have the two nearly tied.

11.其他人的成就可能高于你,而且无论你多努力,似乎也不可能与他们旗鼓相当。

Others might have better achievements than you, and no matter how hard you tried, it might seem impossible for you to match them.

12.众所周知,世界上讲汉语的人数和讲英语的人数旗鼓相当,英语分布的地理区域则比汉语要广阔得多。

As is known to all, the Chinese-speaking population is very close to the English-speaking population in the world, English has a broader scope than Chinese in terms of geological distribution. 13.可恶,这个女人居然还在助纣为虐!Shit! This goddamn woman is still helping the evil! 14.不要为虎作伥。切莫助纣为虐。Do not hold a candle to the devil.

15.设计师是守卫城市记忆卫士,也是破坏记忆助纣为虐的帮手。

Architects can contribute to preserve the memories of the city or help to destroy them.

16.另外,针对企业的特洛伊木马可以轻松的让黑客访问企业网或者替工业间谍活动助纣为虐。

Also, companies are being targeted with Trojan horses meant to get access to corporate networks or to enable industrial espionage.

17.实际上,不只是缺乏教育的男性沙文主义者和保守的神职人员在阻碍妇女权利保障的进步,妇女本身也在助纣为虐。

Quite often the obstacles to their progress have been not just ill-educated male chauvinists and conservative clerics. Women themselves have also stood in the way.

80句中文谚语的英文翻译

80句中文谚语的英文翻译,简直太美了! 01. A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near. 海内存知己,天涯若比邻。 02. A common danger causes common action. 同舟共济。 03. A contented mind is a continual/perpetual feast. 知足常乐。 04. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑,长一智。 05. A guest should suit the convenience of the host. 客随主便。 06. A letter from home is a priceless treasure. 家书抵万金。 07. All rivers run into the sea. 殊途同归。 08. All time is no time when it is past. 机不可失,时不再来。 09. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一日一个苹果,身体健康不求医。 10. As heroes think, so thought Bruce. 英雄所见略同。 11. A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。 12. Behind the mountains there are people to be found. 天外有天,山外有山。 13. Bad luck often brings good luck. 塞翁失马,安知非福。 14. Bread is the stall of life. 面包是生命的支柱(民以食为天)。 15. Business is business. 公事公办。 16. Clumsy birds have to start flying early. 笨鸟先飞。 17. Courtesy costs nothing. 礼多人不怪。 18. Custom makes all things easy. 习惯成自然。 19. Desire has no rest. 人的欲望无止境。 20. Difficult the first time, easy the second. 一回生,二回熟。 21. Do not change horses in mid-stream. 别在河流中间换马。 22. Do not have too many irons in the fire. 贪多嚼不烂。 23. Do not pull all your eggs in one basket. 别把所有的蛋都放在一个篮子里。(不要孤注一掷。) 24. Do not teach fish to swim. 不要班门弄斧。 25. East or west, home is the best. 东奔西跑,还是家里好。 26. Experience is the best teacher. 实践出真知。 27. Fact is stranger than fiction. 事实比虚构更离奇。(大千世界,无奇不有。)

30个习语的英文翻译

30个习语的英文翻译English Translations of Chinese Idioms 1. No shame in asking questions, even topeople of lower status. 不耻下问。 2. No one knows a son better than the father. 知子莫若父。 3. Three humble shoemakers' brainstormingwill make a great statesman. 三个臭皮匠,赛过诸葛亮。 4. Kill a chicken before a monkey. 杀鸡儆猴。 5. Too many cooks spoil the broth. 人多反误事。 6. No wind, no waves. 无风不起浪。 7. Lift a stone only to drop on your own feet. 搬起石头砸自己的脚。 8. A camel standing amidst a flock of sheep.

9. An inch of time is an inch of gold but youcan't buy that inch of time with an inc h ofgold. 一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴。 10. Only when all contribute their firewoodcan they build up a strong fire. 众人拾柴火焰高。 11. An ant may well destroy a whole dam. 千里之堤毁于蚁穴。 12. One cannot refuse to eat just becausethere is a chance of being choked. 因噎废食。 13. If a son is uneducated, his dad is toblame. 子不教,父之过。 14. A closed mind is like a closed book; just a block of wood. 呆若木鸡。 15. When you are poor, neighbors close by will not come; once you become rich, you'll besurprised by visits from (alleged) rel ativesafar. 穷在闹市无人问,富在深山有远亲。 16. Bad things never walk alone.

中国俗语有趣翻译

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英语习语翻译的策略.

英语习语翻译的策略 习语是语言的精华,。由于地理、历史、宗教信仰、生活习俗等方面的差异,英汉习语承载着不民的民族文化特色和文化信息,它们与文化传统紧密相连,不可分割。英汉两种语言历史悠久,包含着大量的习语,它们或含蓄、幽默、或严肃、典雅,不仅言简意赅,而且形象生动,妙趣横和,给人一种美的享受本文所要讨论的习语是广义的、包括成语、谚语、歇后语、典故等。本文根据英汉习语的特点,探讨了习语在英汉互译中的翻译策略和方法。 一、英汉习语中所反映的文化差异 朱光潜先生在《谈翻译》一文中说:“外国文学最难了解和翻译的第一是联想的意义……”,“它带有特殊的情感氛围,甚深广而微妙,在字典中无从找出,对文学却极要紧。如果我们不熟悉一国的人情风俗和文化历史背景,对于文字的这种意义就茫然,尤其是在翻译时这种字义最不易应付。”英国文化人类学家爱德华·泰勒在《原始文化》(1871一书中,首次把文化作为一个概念提了出来,并表述为:“文化是一种复杂,它包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其作社会上习得的能力与习惯。”可见文化的覆盖面很广,它是一个复要的系统。语言作为文化的一个组成部分,反映一个民族丰富多彩的方化现象。我们经过归纳总结认为,英汉习语所反是非曲直的文化差异主要表现在以下几个方面: 1、生存环境的差异 习语的产生与人们的劳动和生活密切相关。英国是一个岛国,历史上航海业曾一度领先世界;而汉民族在亚洲大陆生活繁衍,人们的生活离不开土地。比喻花钱浪费,大手大脚,英语是spend money like water,而汉语是“挥金如土”。英语中有许多关于船和水的习语,在汉语中没有完全相同的对应习语,如to rest on one’s oars(暂时歇一歇,to keep one’s head above wat er(奋力图存,all at sea(不知所措等等。

英语习语翻译的国内外研究

Overseas Research For a long time, English idioms is always a hot spot in the study of foreign language scholars. Their theoretical accomplishment mainly involves the researches of idioms form and semantic, and the researches of idioms function and idioms cognitive. Makkai’s Idiom structure in English identifies two major types of idioms: those of encoding and decoding. He classified idioms of decoding as lexemic and sememic, giving greater attention to the structure of the lexemic variety. L.P.Smith’s book Words and Idioms (1925), is an exposition of what language idiosyncrasies or peculiarities tell us about the usage of idioms in English. Smith pays more attention to structural peculiarities and idiomatic tranagessions than to the semantics of idioms. To him, idioms are essentially those forms peculiar to a language, whether they are literal or not. C. Fernando’s Idioms and Idiomaticity classifies the English idioms into three kinds of idioms are: ideational idiomatic expressions, interpersonal idiomatic expressions, and relational idiomatic expressions. The most salient feature of Fernando’s book is that she moves the study of idiom firmly out

习语翻译

Translating/Interpreting Idioms 习语翻译 1.Idiom for Idiom(以习语译习语)。请找出下列习语相应的英/汉习语: (1)水滴石穿 (2)破釜沉舟 (3)隔墙有耳 (4)积少成多 (5)三思而后行 (6)无风不起浪 (7)一箭双雕 (8)一言既出,驷马难追 (9)种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆 (10)谋事在人,成事在天 (11)The burnt child dreads the fire. (12)Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. (13)Where there is a will, there is a way. (14)Strike while the iron is hot. (15)To fish in the air (16)Don’t wash your dirty linen in public. (17)To kill the goose that lays golden eggs (18)All good things must come to an end.

(19) A fall to the pit, a gain in your wit. (20)Hungry dogs will eat dirty puddings. There is no smoke without fire. Walls have ears. As you sow, so will you reap. Look before you leap. Man proposes, god disposes. To burn one’s boats What is said cannot be unsaid. Many a little makes a mickle. Constant dripping wears the stone. To kill two birds with one stone. 吃一堑,长一智。 有志者,事竟成。 缘木求鱼 饥不择食 天下没有不散的筵席。 宁为鸡头,勿为凤尾。 趁热打铁 家丑不可外扬。 一朝被蛇咬,十年怕草绳。

中文俗语翻译

1.但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。

We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart. 2.独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲。 A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day. 3.大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物。 The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years. 4.二人同心,其利断金。 If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal. 5.富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能曲,此之谓大丈夫。 It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate. 6.海内存知己,天涯若比邻。 A bosom friend afar brings distance near. 7.合抱之木,生于毫末,九层之台,起于累土;千里之行始于足下。 A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows from a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step. 8.祸兮,福之所依;福兮,祸之所伏。 Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies. 9.见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。 On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects. 10.江山如此多娇,引无数英雄尽折腰。 This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage. 11.举头望明月,低头思故乡。 Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around. 12.俱往矣,数风流人物,还看今朝。 All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men. 13.君子成人之美,不成人之恶。 The gentleman helps others to achieve their moral perfection but not their evil conduct. 14.君子独立不惭于影,独寝不愧于魂。 A righteous man never feels ashamed to face his shadow when standing alone and to face his soul when sleeping alone. 15.君子之交淡如水,小人之交甘如醴。君子淡以亲,小人甘以绝。 The friendship between men of virtue is light like water, yet affectionate; the friendship between men without virtue is sweet like wine, yet easily broken.

中文俗语翻译

汉语的表现力十分丰富, 我国民间的俗语也很生动且富有哲理, 其中有的也大量应用于文章中. 同外国人交谈中, 适当地运用一些俗语, 既增加说服力, 又使谈话妙趣横生, 众人愉悦. 有些汉语俗语, 在法语中也可找到意思几乎完全对应的谚语, 当然只是有的所用比喻对象不同而已. 这里笔者把自己常用的一些谚语成语译出和辑录如下, 和同行交流切磋. -- 起个大早, 赶个晚集S’être levé t?t pour aller tard au marché. -- 抢别人的饭碗(吃过了地界) Bouffer dans la gamelle d’autrui. -- 知足者常乐Heureux celui à qui suffit ce qu’il possède. -- 半推半就Se laisser faire une douce violence. -- 藕断丝连Le lotus cassé, il en reste des filamants. -- 人是铁, 饭是钢. (法语字典句) : La soupe fait le soldat. -- 隔手的金子不如在手的铜Ne pas lacher la proie pour l’ombre. ( 或法语谚语 : Un tient vaut mieux que deux tu l’auras.) -- 自古英雄出少年Le talent n’attend pas le nombre des années. -- 大水冲了龙王庙Les inondations ont même atteint le temple du Roi du Dragon. -- 跳到黄河洗不清S’étant jeté dans le fleuve Jaune, il est difficile de se laver propre. -- 横挑鼻子竖挑眼Pointiller sans raisons valables. -- 绑住了能挨打On supporte tant bien que mal la torture quand on a les mains ligotées. (或法语句 : A la guerre comme à la guerre.) -- 请神容易送神难Facile de faire venir chez soi une personne, mais difficile de la congédier. -- 做席容易请客难Il est facile de préparer un d?ner, mais difficile d’avoir des invités. -- 客走主人安L’h?te de la maison n’aura plus de souci qu’après le départ des invités. -- 寡妇门前是非多Souvent, une veuve fait l’objet des qu’en-dira-t-on. -- 五百年前是一家On était de la même famille il y a 500 ans. -- 一笔写不出俩(李)字D’une seule plume, on écrit pas un autre nom de famille que le n?tre. -- 一家人不说二话On ne tient pas un autre langage du momemt qu’on se sent proche. -- 强龙不压地头蛇Un homme puissant mais étranger ne l’emporte pas sur celui du terroir. -- 给自己脸上贴金Se faire dorer la figure. ( Se dit de quelqu’un qui s’attribue une qualité ou un honneur qu’il ne mérite pas.) -- 打肿脸充胖子Se faire des enflures aux joues et passer pour un gros. ( Se dit de quelqu’un qui fait une chose dont il n’en a pas la capacité.)

英语习语的翻译

英语习语的翻译 徐丹 (凯里学院外国语学院贵州凯里556000) 摘要:习语在英语语言中占重要地位,由于英语习语是人们智能的反映和历史的积淀,具有独特的文化特性,最大化的构成了语言和文化间的差异。因此,对于英语学习者来说,正确的理解、翻译英语习语是十分必要,也是必不可少的。本文简要阐述了英语习语的几种基本译法以及翻译时应注意的问题。 关键词:英语习语;翻译;方法 1.前言 众所周知,每一种语言都是一个民族智慧与文化的载体,其中的习语更是不可或缺的重要组成部分,含有丰富的社会和文化内涵。英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一,英语中的习语十分丰富,它们从各个方面反映出以英语作为本族语的人民的生活哲理、道德观念、行为准则和风土人情。作为一种语言现象,习语是英语国家口头表达出现率最频繁的语言。在英语语言表达的生动性,凝炼性及使用频繁程度方面,习语更是首选。 1.1习语的定义 英语习语有两个特征:一是语义的统一性(semantic unity):二是结构的固定性(structural stability)。习语(idioms)是个固定词组的词组,在语义上是个不可分割的统一体,其整体的意义往往不能从组成习语的各个词汇意义中揣测出来。从结构上看,习语也有本身的完整性,其中的各个组成部分是固定的,不可任意拆开或替换。习语是约定俗成、有固定寓意的语言。 习语的范围很广,包括成语(set phrases)、谚语(proverbs)、俗语(colloquialisms)、俚语(slangs)、典故(allusions)、格言(sayings)和比喻性词组(metaphorical phrases)等,是语言经过长期反复使用后而自然积淀下来的固定词组、短语或短句,其形式固定,其寓意深远。正确的理解和翻译英语习语对一个英语学习者来说是尤为重要的。 2.英语习语的翻译方法 2.1直译(literal translation) 直译法,顾名思义,就是在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误的联想的条

中文谚语的英文翻译集锦

中文谚语的英文翻译 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/733826455.html,/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=740409中文谚语英语翻译 1.见机行事。 2.兵不厌诈。 3.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。 4.种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。 5.不问就听不到假话。 6.情人眼里出西施。 7.血浓于水。 8.海内存知己,天涯若比邻。 9.简洁是智慧的灵魂。 10.公事公办。 11.车到山前必有路。 12.巧妇难为无米之炊。 13.笨鸟先飞。 14.精诚所至,金石为开。 15.置之死地而后生。 16.滴水穿石。 17.习惯成自然。 18.以其人之道,还治其人之身。19.血债要用血来还。 20.隔行如隔山。 21.一回生,二回熟。 22.早动手,早收获。 23.者千虑,必有一失。 24.吃一堑,长一智。 25.国家兴亡,匹夫有责。 26.每一个人都有美中不足的地方。27.人各有所好。 28.行行出状元。 29.仁者见仁,智者见智。 30.切莫错过良机。 31.凡事总有一个开头。 32.身教胜于言教。 33.经验是智慧之母。 34.经验是愚者之师。 35.乐极生悲。 36.以眼还眼,以牙还牙。 37.心有余而力不足(贪多嚼不烂)。38.吃一堑,长一智。 39.人怕出名猪怕壮。 40.少说为佳。 41.寡不敌众。1. Act according to circumstances. 2. All is fair in war. 3. As long as the green hills last, there'll always be wood to burn. 4. As you sow, so shall you reap. 5. Ask no questions and be told no lies. 6. Beauty lies in lover's eye. 7. Blood is thicker than water. 8. A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near. 9. Brevity is the soul of wit. 10. Business is business. 11. The cart will find its way round the hill when it gets there. 12. he cleverest housewife cannot cook a meal without rice. 13. Clumsy birds have to start flying early. 14. Complete sincerity can affect even metal and stone. 15. Confront a person with the danger of death and he will fight to live. 16. Constant dripping wears away the stone. 17. Custom is a second nature. 18. Deal with a man as he deals with you. 19. Debts of blood must be paid in blood. 20. Different trades are separated as by mountains. 21. Different the first time, easy the second. 22. Early sow, early mow. 23. Even the wise are not free from error. 24. Every failure one meets with adds to one's experience. 25. Every man has a share of responsibility for the fate of his country. 26.Every man has the defects of his own virtues. 27.Every man to his taste. 28.Every profession produces its own leading authority. 29.Everyone thinks in his way. 30.Everything has its time and that time must be watched. 31.Everything must have a beginning. 32.Example is better than precept. 33.Experience is the mother of wisdom. 34.Experience is the teacher of fools. 35.Extreme joy begets sorrow. 36.An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. 37.The eye is bigger than the belly. 38.A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 39.Fame portends trouble for men just as fattening does for pigs. 40.Few words are best. 41.A few are no match for the many.

英语习语翻译的策略

英语习语翻译的策略 英语习语翻译的策略 【关键词】翻译策略动物习语翻译因素 1习语及其意义 1.1习语的定义 2翻译中的主要因素 2.1常见的阻碍 2.2词义不符 2.3语义空缺 在英语中,一些动物形象有着独特的文化意义,但中文中却没有相对应延伸意义或形象意义。例如:在圣经和希腊神话中的动物,如nightingal(夜莺)即侦探的意思;Swan(天鹅)杰出的诗人或歌唱家。 3基本翻译策略 中英人民的很多共同之处对翻译则是很有帮助的。掌握一些翻译动物习语的基本策略如直译法、意译法和套译法,就可以更好地翻译。 3.1直译法 3.2意译法 当英汉之间存在着相异之处时,可以考虑一下意译法。如“whiteelephant”应该翻译成“废物,大而无用的东西”而不是 “白象”。意译法能够准确有效的表达原文的意思,如“dothedonkeywork”意味干粗活,读者熟悉这些译文就可以轻易的 理解它们。但缺点在于它舍去了原文的动物形象,减少了表达力,例 如“myoldservantneverleftme,hewasasfaithfulasadog”可以这样

翻译“我的老仆人从不离开我,他对我非常忠诚”。省去了隐喻,读 者不能够理解老仆人到底有多么的忠诚。 3.3套译法 不同的文化背景下,人们可能用不同的动物形象来表达相同或相 似的比喻意义,在这种情况下可以使用套译法。例如“牛”对中国人 而言是一种强壮而普遍使用的动物,也是农民田间工作的好帮手。而 在英国,“马”扮演着相同或相似的角色。另外一个典型的例子就是“狮子”,在英国,狮子被认为是动物之首,代表着权力、高贵和尊严。而在中国,老虎则是动物之王。下列图表中有更多的例子: 但是套译法的使用非常有限,只有当我们对两国的习语都非常了 解时才能够灵活自如的运用。 4结论 英语习语是英语语言中很特别、必不可少的一部分,翻译英语动 物习语不是一个简单的事情。为了帮助更多的中国人了解英国文化, 增长其见识,译者应该多加练习,根据具体情况灵活恰当的选择不同 的翻译策略,努力地译出忠实通顺、优雅的译文。 参考文献:[2]Yu,S.L.英汉中动物形象习语翻译比较.2001. [3]Jia,Q.Y.英语习语中的动物名称及其翻译.2000. [4]Chen,Y.论含有动物形象的英语习语.2004. [5]Li,S.浅析动物习语翻译.河南财经学院学报,2007.

中国俗语翻译

1.爱屋及乌:Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不日一见:One look is worth a thousand words. Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足,比下有余:to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst 4.笨鸟先飞:A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不遗余力:spare no effort; go all out; do one's best 6.不打不成交:No discord, no concord. 7.拆东墙补西墙:rob Peter to pay Paul 8.辞旧迎新:bid farewell to the old and usher in the new 9.大事化小,小事化了:try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 10.大开眼界:broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 11.国泰民安:the country flourishes and people live in peace 12.过犹不及:going beyond the limit is as bad as falling short; excess is just as bad as deficiency;too much is as bad as too little 13.好了伤疤忘了疼:once on shore, one prays no more 14.好事不出门,坏事传千里:Bad news travels fast. 15.和气生财:harmony brings wealth;friendliness is conducive to business success 16.活到老学到老:never too old to learn 17.既往不咎:let bygones be bygones 18.金无足赤,人无完人:There are spots even on the sun. 19.金玉满堂:Treasures fill the home. 20.脚踏实地:be down-to-earth 21.脚踩两只船:sit on the fence; be a fence-sitter; have a foot in either camp 22.君子之交淡如水:A hedge between keeps friendship green. 23.老生常谈,陈词滥调:cut and dried; cliché 24.礼尚往来:Courtesy calls for reciprocity. 25.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧:Where there is life, there is hope. 26.马到成功:achieve immediate victory; win instant success 27.名利双收:gain both fame and wealth 28.茅塞顿开:be suddenly enlightened 29.没有规矩,不成方圆:Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. 30.每逢佳节倍思亲:On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away. 31.谋事在人,成事在天:Man proposes; God disposes. 32.弄巧成拙:make a fool of oneself in trying to be smart 33.赔了夫人又折兵:suffer a double loss; lose the bait along with the fish 34.抛砖引玉:a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale 35.破釜沉舟:cut off all means of retreat;burn one's own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end 36.抢得先机:take the preemptive opportunities

英语习语翻译的原则译文

英语习语翻译的原则 摘要:习语是语言中不可缺少的重要组成部分。作为语言中的特殊成分,习语具有结构的稳定性,语义的统一性。习语还是各种修辞手段的集中体现,往往具有比喻性,和谐性。此外,习语富于文化特征,充分地反映了一个民族的文化,因此,习语往往被看作语言的精华,文化的结晶。习语特殊的语言特征及其浓厚的民族性给翻译带来许多困难。文章提出了英语习语翻译的原则,并指出英语习语翻译需注意的问题,期望对英语习语的汉译有一定指导意义,从而增强文化交流的效率。关键词:习语; 翻译; 原则 1、导论 根据《韦伯斯特新美语世界词典》(学院版第二版,1972),习语指的是一种被广泛接受的词组、结构或表达。这种语言形式和通常的语言模式相反或者和其字面意思有很大差别。这就是说,习语必须是通过广泛的实践而被创立和接受的,而且习语一般都有其寓意。通常,习语作为一个整体,其中的任何一部分的改变都会导致该习语所要表达的意思的彻底变味。因此,翻译习语时也不应当只根据该习语的字面意思来翻译。 从广义上讲,英语习语包括词组、谚语、语录、俚语、典故和行话等。 习语是一种语言重要的、特殊的、不可或缺的组成部分。习语因为其结构稳定、语义统一以及包含各种各样的修辞手法而被视为一种特殊的语言单位。同时,习语往往具有比喻性、和谐性。此外,由于习语富于文化元素,因此,习语常常能充分地表达一个民族的文化。由此,习语也往往被看作是语言的精华,文化的结晶。恰当地使用习语能增加语言的表现力和使语言表达更形象。现代和古代,中国以及英国的文人都很擅于使用习语。由于习语的重要功能,习语的翻译在整个翻译过程中占有首要的位置,一篇译文的质量在很大程度上受到习语翻译质量的影响。因此,习语的翻译在整个翻译过程中是极为重要的一环。一个好的笔译人员不仅要能用目标语言真实地表达习语的含义,而且要尽量做到保持习语的原汁原味,如,该习语的关联意义,比喻意义,民族特性以及地方色彩。因此,把习语由一种语言翻译为另外一种语言常常十分复杂,尤其是当两种语言的文化背景差别很大的时候——例如,英语和中文,翻译将会更加困难。 本文由回顾笔译的标准开始,将着重讨论有可能运用于英语习语翻译的有关原则。 2、笔译的标准 自从人类第一次开始从事翻译活动以来,关于如何运用令人满意的方法进行翻译以及关于翻译的标准的选择的争论就没有停止过。 早在我国唐朝,学识丰富的玄奘和尚就提出了笔译的标准。他强调翻译的精确性及知识的通俗易懂。清朝的时候,严复创立了笔译的“三字”标准,即,信、达、雅,这和Herbert Rotheinstein提出的原则相似。忠于原著、富有表达力以及文风优雅被视为笔译领域的最重要的准则。“五四运动”以后,鲁迅提出了把“信”和“顺”作为笔译的标准,并且强调对作品原味的保留。新中国成立以后,许多翻译工作者提出了各种不同的标准:例如“神似”和“化境”。前者由付雷提出,强调对原著所要表达的精神的复制;而后者则由钱钟书所倡导,注重为中国读者提供流畅和地道的中国版本。

对应中文习语翻译

天长地久——as old as the hills 泰然自若——as cool as a cumber 水中捞月——to fish in the air 苦如黄连——as bitter as wormwood 鸡皮疙瘩——goose-flesh 轻如鸿毛——as light as a feather 旁观者清——The onlooker sees most of the game 艳如桃李——as red as rose 狐假虎威——ass in the lion’s skin 物以类聚——Birds of a feather flock together 非驴非马——Neither fish, nor flesh, nor fowl. 如释重负——to take a load off one’s mind 挥金如土——to spend money like water 弱不禁风——as weak as water 瞬息之间——in the twinkle of an eye 泪如泉涌——a stream of tears 瓮中之鳖——a rat in the hole 扬眉吐气——to hold one’s head high 一针见血——to touch one on the raw 不翼而飞——to take wings to itself 小题大做——to make mountains out of molehills 格格不入——a square peg in a round hole 山穷水尽——at the end of one’s rope 冷若冰霜——as cold as a marble 半斤八两——six of one and half a dozen of the other 胸有成竹——to have a card up one’s sleeve 孤注一掷——to put all one’s eggs in one basket 纸上谈兵——armchair strategy 白费唇舌——to speak to the wind 同行相嫉——two of a trade can never agree 一文不名——without a penny to one’s name (一)并列关系 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead 求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences (二)语意重复 高瞻远瞩的决策 a visionary/far-sighted decision 贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions 层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest 延年益寿prolong one’s life 灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure 长治久安 a long period of stability 求真务实pragmatic 审时度势size up the trend of events 招商引资attract investment 功在当代,利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations 继往开来,承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future 急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits 大黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography 德高望重of high ability and integrity 互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial 互谅互让mutual understanding and accommodation 遵纪守法observe the relevant code of conduct and the law (三)目的关系 减员增效downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)

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