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南京工程学院

毕业设计文献资料翻译

（原文及译文）

原文名称：IIS Multi Audio Interface and WM8960

课题名称：基于Linux系统的音频编解码

芯片驱动程序设计

学生姓名：倪烨学号：208100621

指导老师：朱瑾

所在院系：通信工程学院

专业名称：电子信息工程

2014 年 2 月南京

IIS MULTI AUDIO INTERFACE

1.1 OVERVIEW OF IIS MULTI AUDIO INTERFACE

Inter-IC Sound (IIS) is one of the popular digital audio interface. The IIS bus handles audio data and the other signals, namely, sub-coding and control, are transferred separately. It is possible to transmit data between two IIS bus. To minimize the number of pins required and to keep wiring simple, basically, a 3-line serial bus is used. This consists of a line for two time-multiplexed data channels, a word select line and a clock line.

IIS interface transmits or receives sound data from external stereo audio codec. To transmit and receive data, 32bitsx64 FIFOs (First-In-First-Out) for each channel are included and DMA transfer mode to transmit and receive samples can be supported. IIS-specific clock can be supplied from internal system clock controller through IIS clock divider or direct clock source.

IIS V5.1 can handle up to 2 sound sources. For example, OS (Operating Sound)-controlled sound can be delivered to primary sound path and OS-independent sound can be delivered to secondary sound path. IIS V5.1 can mix primary sound source and secondary sound source.

1.2 KEY FEATURES OF IIS MULTI AUDIO INTERFACE

? Mixes up to two sound sources: Primary and Secondary sound source.

? Primary sound source can drive up to 5.1ch IIS-bus for audio interface with external DMA-based operation

? Secondary sound source can support stereo sound channels with internal DMA ? Serial, 8/16/24-bit per channel data transfers

? Supports IIS, MSB-justified and LSB-justified data format

? IIS v5.1 interrupt can wake-up system from IDLE and DEEP_IDLE mode.

? Master /slave mode support

? Auxiliary clock out support for codec chip

1.3 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS

IIS interface consists of register bank, FIFOs, shift registers, clock control, DMA finite state machine, and channel control block as shown in Figure 2-1. Note that each FIFO has 32-bit width and 64-depth structure, which contains left/right channel data. Thus, FIFO access and data transfer are handled with left/right pair unit. Figure 2-1shows the functional block diagram of IIS interface.

1.4 MASTER/SLAVE MODE

Master/Slave mode shows direction of I2SLRCLK and I2SSCLK. If IIS bus interface transmits I2SLRCLK and I2SSCLK to IIS codec, IIS bus is master mode. If IIS bus interface receives I2SLRCLK and I2SSCLK from IIS codec, IIS bus is slave mode. To select master or slave mode, set MSS bit of IISMOD register. TX/RX mode indicates the direction of data flow. If IIS bus interface transmits data to IIS codec, this indicates TX mode. Conversely, IIS bus interface receives data from IIS codec, this indicates RX mode.

1.5 Sound Mixing

IIS can mix primary sound in TXFIFO0 and secondary sound in TXFIFO_S when two sound sources have the same sampling rate and PCM format.

? If overflow occurs, then mixer saturates output v alue.

? Mixer can handle Different Bit Length. (Controlled by BLC bit at IISMOD SFR) This function has two limitations:

1. Normalization should be pre-processed in S/W configurations or settings.

2. Synchronization between two sound sources is not guaranteed.

WM8960 Sound Chip

1.1 DESCRIPTION

The WM8960 is a low power, high quality stereo codec designed for portable digital audio applications.

Stereo class D speaker drivers provide 1W per channel into 8 loads with a 5V supply. Low leakage, excellent PSRR and pop/click suppression mechanisms also allow direct battery connection to the speaker supply. Flexible speaker boost settings allow speaker output power to be maximised while minimising other analogue supply

A highly flexible input configuration for up to three stereo sources is integrated, with a complete microphone interface. External component requirements are drastically reduced as no separate microphone, speaker or headphone amplifiers are required. Advanced on-chip digital signal processing performs automatic level control for the microphone or line input.

Stereo 24-bit sigma-delta ADCs and DACs are used with low power over-sampling digital interpolation and decimation filters and a flexible digital audio interface.

The master clock can be input directly or generated internally by an onboard PLL, supporting most commonly-used clocking schemes.

The WM8960 operates at analogue supply voltages down to 2.7V, although the digital supplies can operate at voltages down to 1.71V to save power. The speaker supply can operate at up to 5.5V, providing 1W per channel into 8 loads. Unused functions can be disabled using software control to save power.

The WM8960 is supplied in a very small and thin 5*5mm QFN package, ideal for use in hand-held and portable systems.

1.2 ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL CONVERTER(ADC)

The WM8960 uses stereo 24-bit, 64x oversampled sigma-delta ADCs. The use of multi-bit feedback and high oversampling rates reduce the effects of jitter and high frequency noise. The ADC Full Scale input level is proportional to A VDD. With a 3.3V supply voltage, the full scale level is 1.0V Any voltage greater than full scale may overload the ADC and cause distortion.

1.3 AUTOMATIC LEVEL CONTROL(ALC)

The WM8960 has an automatic level control that aims to keep a constant recording volume irrespective of the input signal level. This is achieved by continuously adjusting the PGA gain so that the signal level at the ADC input remains constant. A digital peak detector monitors the ADC output and changes the PGA gain if necessary. Note that when the ALC function is enabled, the settings of registers 0 and 1 (LINVOL, IPVU, LIZC, LINMUTE, RINVOL, RIZC and RINMUTE) are

1.4 INPUT SIGNAL PATH

The WM8960 has three flexible stereo analogue input channels which can be configured as line inputs, differential microphone inputs or single-ended microphone inputs. Line inputs and microphone PGA outputs can be routed to the hi-fi ADCs or directly to the output mixers via a bypass path.

1.5 OUTPUT SIGNAL PATH

The hi-fi DACs and DAC digital filters are enabled by register bits DACL and DACR. The mixers and output drivers can be separately enabled by individual control bits (see Analogue Outputs). Thus it is possible to utilise the analogue mixing and amplification provided by the WM8960, irrespective of whether the DACs are enabled or not.

The WM8960 DACs receive digital input data on the DACDAT pin. The digital filter block processes the data to provide the following functions:

1.Digital volume control with soft mute and soft un-mute

2.Mono mix

3.3D stereo enhancement

4.De-emphasis

5.Sigma-delta modulation

High performance sigma-delta 24-bit audio DAC converts the digital data into an analogue signal.

The analogue outputs from the DACs can then be mixed with the analogue line inputs and the ADC analogue inputs. This mix is fed to the output drivers for headphone or speaker output. OUT3 can provide a mono mix of left and right mixers or a pseudo-ground for capless headphone drive.

1.6 APPLICATIONS

1.Games consoles.

2.Portable media/DVD players

3.Mobile multimedia

From：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/738588868.html, ：S5PV210_UM_REV1.1 and WM8960__Natertech

IIS 多路音频接口

1.1 IIS多路音频接口的综述

IIS又称内部集成电路声音总线，是目前经常使用的数字音频接口之一。IIS总线处理音频数据和其他与音频相关的信号，比如sub-coding和音频控制信号。数据和信号两种操作是分开进行的。在两个IIS总线周期之间传输数据是有可能的，这样以减少帧的数目，并且保持线路的简单化。总的来说，IIS使用的是3条串行总线，包括一条用来切换左右声道的数据线，一条音频传输数据线，一条时钟线。

IIS总线从外部立体音频转码器接收和传输音频数据。每一个通道都有64个32位先进先出的缓冲区用于发送和传输数据。这些通道也支持DMA 发送模式下数据的发送和接收。IIS的时钟可以由内部的系统时钟控制器经过IIS时钟分频提供，或者直接使用时钟源。

IIS5.1版本的总线可以最多处理2个声音源路径的数据。例如，与操作控制相关的声音可以传递给主声音路径。而与操作控制无关的声音则传递给次要声音路径。IIS5.1版本的总线可以将主要声音和次要声音相结合。

1.2 IIS多路音频接口的关键特性

1.结合两个声音资源：主要声音和次要声音源。

2.主要声音源可以和外部DMA基本操作一起驱动5.1ch IIS总线音频接口。

3.次要声音源可以和外部DMA一起来支持立体声音。

4.每一个通道可以传输串行，8/16/24位的数据。

5.支持IIS，大端数据，小端数据的数据格式。

6.IIS 5.1版本的总线中断可以唤醒IDLE和DEEP_IDLE模式下的系统。

7.支持主/从模式。

8.支持编解码器芯片辅助时钟。

1.3 IIS功能描述

IIS接口包括寄存器组，先进先出队列，移位寄存器，时钟控制，DMA有限状态机和通道控制组成。注意的是，每个FIFO有32位的宽度和64位的深度结构，其中包含左/右通道数据。因此，FIFO访问数据和数据

传输处理是通过左/右两单元实现的。

1.4 IIS主/从模式

主/从模式显示I2SLRCLK和I2SSCLK的方向，如果IIS总线接口传输I2SLRCLK和I2SSCLK给IIS编解码器，IIS总线是主模式。如果IIS总线接口从IIS编解码器接收I2SLRCLK和I2SSCLK，那么IIS总线是从模式。设置IISMOD寄存器的MSS位可以选择IIS总线接口是工作在主模式还是从模式。TX/RX模式表示数据流的方向。如果IIS总线接口传输数据给IIS 编解码器，这表明是TX模式。相反，IIS总线接口从IIS编解码器接收数据，这就表明是RX模式。

1.5 IIS混音

如果在TXFIFO0寄存器中的主要声音源和在TXFIFO_S寄存器中的次要声音源有相同的采样频率和PCM格式，IIS可以将这两种声音混合。

如果发生溢出，混合器输出饱和值。混合器可以处理不同的长度，这个功能由IISMOD特殊功能寄存器的BLC位控制。

混音功能由两个局限性：

1.应在S/W配置或者设置里进行规范化的预处理。

2.同步两个声音源之间是没有保证的。

WM8960语音芯片

1.1WM8960的描述

WM8960是一种为便携式数字音频应用程序设计的低功率、高质量的立体音频编解码器。

D类音响驱动提供8个1W功率的通道和一个5V供给负载。低泄露，卓越的PSRR和流行/打击抑制机制也允许直接将电池连接到扬声器。灵活的扬声器扩展设置，在减小其他模拟供给电流的同时增大扬声器输出功率。

高度灵活的输入配置和一个完整的麦克风接口使得最多3个立体声音源得到协调处理。因为不需要单独的麦克风，扬声器和耳机放大器，这让外部组件大幅度减少。先进的片上数字信号处理器自动控制麦克风和线路输入的电平。

立体声24位ADC和DAC使用了低功率过采样数字法和抽选过滤器以及一个灵活的音频数字接口。主时钟可以直接输入，也可以通过机载锁相环产生，支持大多数常用的时钟工作。

WM8960运作的模拟电源电压为 2.7V，但是在数字电源电压提供下可以降至1.71V以节省电源。扬声器的供电电压最高可达 5.5V，产生8路1W功率的通道。通过软件设定的方式可以禁止一些没有使用的功能来节省电源。

WM8960采用一种非常小的只有5*5毫米的QFN封装，是用于手持和便携式系统的理想选择。

1.2WM8960模拟数字转换器(ADC)

WM8960使用立体声24位，64x 过采样模拟数字转换器。位复用反馈和高采样频率减少了抖动和高频噪声的影响。模拟数字转换器的满量程等级和AVDD成正比。当AVDD提供3.3V电压时，满量程等级是1V，任何一个高于满量程的电压都会造成模拟数字转换器过载和失真。

1.3WM8960自动电平控制(ALC)

WM8960有自动电平控制器，目的是为了保持一个恒定的记录音量，忽略输入信号电平的影响。这是通过不断调整PGA的增益来实现在模拟数字转换器的信号电平保持恒定的。在必要时，一个数字峰值检波器会监测模拟数字转换器的输出和变化。值得注意的是，当ALC被使能的时候，LINVOL, IPVU, LIZC, LINMUTE, RINVOL, RIZC and RINMUTE这些寄存器的０和１的设置将被忽略。

1.4 WM8960输入信号路径

WM8960有三个灵活的立体模拟声音输入信道可以配置为输入，差别麦克风的输入或者单端麦克风输入。行输入和麦克风PGA输出可以被路由到高保真的模拟数字转换器或者直接通过旁路混频器的输出路径。

1.5 WM8960输出信号路径

WM8960的高保真数字模拟转换器和数字滤波器是由DACL和DACR两个寄存器控制的。音频混合器和输出驱动可以由不同的位来控制。因此，不管数字模拟转换器是否被使能，使用模拟音频混合器和WM8960提供的放大器都是可能的。

WM8960的数字模拟转换器从DACDAT寄存器管脚接收数字输入信号，数字滤波器模块提供以下的功能：

1.以柔和的静音和非静音来进行数字音量控制。

2.Mono混合。

3.三维立体增强。

4.不加重。

5.增量调制。

1.6 WM8960的应用领域

1.游戏平台。

2.便携媒体/DVD播放器。

3.移动多媒体。

摘自：百度文库：S5PV210_UM_REV1.1和WM8960__Natertech

英文论文及中文翻译

International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials Volume 17, Number 4, August 2010, Page 500 DOI: 10.1007/s12613-010-0348-y Corresponding author: Zhuan Li E-mail: li_zhuan@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/738588868.html, ? University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 Preparation and properties of C/C-SiC brake composites fabricated by warm compacted-in situ reaction Zhuan Li, Peng Xiao, and Xiang Xiong State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China (Received: 12 August 2009; revised: 28 August 2009; accepted: 2 September 2009) Abstract: Carbon fibre reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composites (C/C-SiC) were fabricated by the warm compacted-in situ reaction. The microstructure, mechanical properties, tribological properties, and wear mechanism of C/C-SiC composites at different brake speeds were investigated. The results indicate that the composites are composed of 58wt% C, 37wt% SiC, and 5wt% Si. The density and open porosity are 2.0 g·cm–3 and 10%, respectively. The C/C-SiC brake composites exhibit good mechanical properties. The flexural strength can reach up to 160 MPa, and the impact strength can reach 2.5 kJ·m–2. The C/C-SiC brake composites show excellent tribological performances. The friction coefficient is between 0.57 and 0.67 at the brake speeds from 8 to 24 m·s?1. The brake is stable, and the wear rate is less than 2.02×10?6 cm3·J?1. These results show that the C/C-SiC brake composites are the promising candidates for advanced brake and clutch systems. Keywords: C/C-SiC; ceramic matrix composites; tribological properties; microstructure [This work was financially supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No.2006AA03Z560) and the Graduate Degree Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University (No.2008yb019).] 温压-原位反应法制备C / C-SiC刹车复合材料的工艺和性能李专，肖鹏，熊翔粉末冶金国家重点实验室，中南大学，湖南长沙410083，中国（收稿日期：2009年8月12日修订：2009年8月28日;接受日期：2009年9月2日）摘要：采用温压?原位反应法制备炭纤维增强炭和碳化硅双基体(C/C-SiC)复合材

翻译资料英语

FINANCIAL INNOV ATION Like other industries, the financial industry is in business to earn profits by selling its products. If a soap company perceives that there is a need in the marketplace for a laundry detergent with fabric softener, it develops a product to fit the need .Similarly, in order to maximize their profits, financial institutions develop new products to satisfy their own needs as well as those of their customers; in other words, innovation-which can be extremely beneficial to the economy-is driven by the desire to get (or stay) rich. This view of the innovation process leads to the following simple analysis: A chance in the financial institutions for innovations that are likely to be profitable. Starting in the 1960s, individuals and financial institutions operating in financial markets were confronted with drastic changes in the economic environment: Inflation and interest rates climbed sharply and became hard to predict, a situation that changed demand conditions in financial markets. Computer technology advanced rapidly, which changed supply conditions. In addition, financial regulations became especially inconvenient. Banking institution discovers many old ways of doing business being able to not have earned money again; they provide the masses finance with service and financial products sale neither well. Many financial intermediary is discovered they have no way to raise having arrived at a fund, but these self that will not a suspense of business right away with original tradition finance implement. For existing under new economy environment, research and development puts up banking institution be obliged to being able to satisfy customer need moreover the new product being able to gain a profit of and serving, this process is called financial engineering. In their case, necessity was the mother of innovation. Our discussion of why financial innovation occurs suggests that there are three basic types of financial innovations: Escapism to responding to needing condition change, to the small advantages supplying with condition change and to controlling. We have had one now understandable that banking institution is innovative for instance the cause institutions, let’s look at examples of how financial institutions in their search for profits have produced financial innovations of the three basic types. 1

英文文献及中文翻译

毕业设计说明书英文文献及中文翻译学院：专 2011年6月电子与计算机科学技术软件工程

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英文文献翻译

中等分辨率制备分离的快速色谱技术 W. Clark Still,* Michael K a h n , and Abhijit Mitra Departm(7nt o/ Chemistry, Columbia Uniuersity,1Veu York, Neu; York 10027 ReceiLied January 26, 1978 我们希望找到一种简单的吸附色谱技术用于有机化合物的常规净化。这种技术是适于传统的有机物大规模制备分离，该技术需使用长柱色谱法。尽管这种技术得到的效果非常好，但是其需要消耗大量的时间，并且由于频带拖尾经常出现低复原率。当分离的样本剂量大于1或者2g时，这些问题显得更加突出。近年来，几种制备系统已经进行了改进，能将分离时间减少到1-3h，并允许各成分的分辨率ΔR f≥（使用薄层色谱分析进行分析）。在这些方法中，在我们的实验室中，媒介压力色谱法1和短柱色谱法2是最成功的。最近，我们发现一种可以将分离速度大幅度提升的技术，可用于反应产物的常规提纯，我们将这种技术称为急骤色谱法。虽然这种技术的分辨率只是中等（ΔR f≥），而且构建这个系统花费非常低，并且能在10-15min内分离重量在的样本。4 急骤色谱法是以空气压力驱动的混合介质压力以及短柱色谱法为基础，专门针对快速分离，介质压力以及短柱色谱已经进行了优化。优化实验是在一组标准条件5下进行的，优化实验使用苯甲醇作为样本，放在一个20mm*5in.的硅胶柱60内，使用Tracor 970紫外检测器监测圆柱的输出。分辨率通过持续时间（r）和峰宽（w,w/2）的比率进行测定的（Figure 1），结果如图2-4所示，图2-4分别放映分辨率随着硅胶颗粒大小、洗脱液流速和样本大小的变化。

唯美的中文翻译成英文

唯美的中文翻译成英文 Abandon 放弃 Disguise 伪装 Abiding 持久的，不变的~friendship Indifferent 无所谓 Forever 最爱 I know what you want 我知道你想要什么 See you forget the breathe 看见你忘了呼吸 Destiny takes a hand.命中注定 anyway 不管怎样 sunflower high-profile向日葵，高姿态。 look like love 看起来像爱 Holding my hand, eyes closed you would not get lost 牵着我的手，闭着眼睛走你也不会迷路 If one day the world betrayed you, at least I betray the world for you! 假如有一天世界背叛了你，至少还有我为你背叛这个世界! This was spoiled child, do not know the heart hurts, naive cruel. 这样被宠惯了的小孩子，不知道人心是会伤的，天真的残忍。

How I want to see you, have a look you changed recently, no longer said once, just greetings, said one to you, just say the word, long time no see. 我多么想和你见一面，看看你最近的改变，不再去说从前，只是寒暄，对你说一句，只说这一句，好久不见。 In fact, not wine, but when the thought of drinking the unbearable past. 其实酒不醉人，只是在喝的时候想起了那不堪的过去。 The wind does not know clouds drift, day not know rain down, eyes do not understand the tears of weakness, so you don't know me 风不懂云的漂泊，天不懂雨的落魄，眼不懂泪的懦弱，所以你不懂我 Some people a lifetime to deceive people, but some people a lifetime to cheat a person 有些人一辈子都在骗人，而有些人用一辈子去骗一个人 Alone and lonely, is always better than sad together 独自寂寞，总好过一起悲伤 You are my one city, one day, you go, my city, also fell 你是我的一座城，有一天，你离开了，我的城，也就倒了。

中文和英文简历和专业英语材料翻译

韶关学院期末考核报告科目：专业英语学生姓名：学号：同组人：院系：专业班级：考核时间：2012年10月9日—2012年11月1 日评阅教师：评分：

第1章英文阅读材料翻译 (1) 第2章中文摘要翻译英文 (3) 第3章中文简历和英文简历 (4) 第4章课程学习体会和建议 (6) 参考文献 (7)

第1章英文阅读材料翻译 Mechanization and Automation Processes of mechanization have been developing and becoming more complex ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution at the end of the 18th century. The current developments of automatic processes are, however, different from the old ones. The “automation” of the 20th century is distinct from the mechanization of the 18th and 19th centuries inasmuch as mechanization was applied to individual operations, wherea s “automation” is concerned with the operation and control of a complete producing unit. And in many, though not all, instances the element of control is so great that whereas mechanization displaces muscle, “automation”displaces brain as well. The distinction between the mechanization of the past and what is happening now is, however, not a sharp one. At one extreme we have the electronic computer with its quite remarkable capacity for discrimination and control, while at the other end of the scale are “ transfer machines” , as they are now called, which may be as simple as a conveyor belt to another. An automatic mechanism is one which has a capacity for self-regulation; that is, it can regulate or control the system or process without the need for constant human attention or adjustment. Now people often talk about “feedback” as begin an essential factor of the new industrial techniques, upon which is base an automatic self-regulating system and by virtue of which any deviation in the system from desired condition can be detected, measured, reported and corrected. when “feedback” is applied to the process by which a large digital computer runs at the immense speed through a long series of sums, constantly rejecting the answers until it finds one to fit a complex set of facts which have been put to it, it is perhaps different in degree from what we have previously been accustomed to machines. But “feedback”, as such, is a familiar mechanical conception. The old-fashioned steam engine was fitted with a centrifugal governor, two balls on levers spinning round and round an upright shaft. If the steam pressure rose and the engine started to go too fast, the increased speed of the spinning governor caused it to rise up the vertical rod and shut down a valve. This cut off some of the steam and thus the engine brought itself back to its proper speed. The mechanization, which was introduced with the Industrial Revolution, because it was limited to individual processes, required the employment of human labor to control each machine as well as to load and unload materials and transfer them from one place to another. Only in a few instances were processes automatically linked together and was production organized as a continuous flow. In general, however, although modern industry has been highly mechanized ever since the 1920s, the mechanized parts have not as a rule been linked together. Electric-light bulbs, bottles and the components of innumerable mass-produced

英语翻译成汉语

[转] 英语中常见的123个中国成语写作就不用愁字数啦 1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜 white night 6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one's best 8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul 10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 12.大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace 14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more 17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad

英语翻译学习资料(含中英文解释)

例1.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating（操纵） others . They are aware that there is a difference between being loved and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. 1.dedicate to 把时间，精力用于 2.pretence 虚伪，虚假 6 ．1 斤斤于字比句次，措辞生硬例2.Solitude is an excellent laboratory in which to observe the extent to which manners and habits are conditioned by others. My table manners are atrocious( 丑恶)—in this respect I've slipped back hundreds of years in fact, I have no manners whatsoever（完全，全然）. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up —in other words, whichever is easiest. 孤独是很好的实验室，正好适合观察一个人的举止和习惯在多大程度上受人制约。如今我吃东西的举止十分粗野；这方面一放松就倒退了几百年，实在是一点礼貌也没有。我高兴就用手抓来吃，（eat out of a can）开个罐头端着吃，站着吃；反正怎么省事就怎么吃。 3.Whatsoever 完全，全然 1.Be conditioned by 受……制约 2.Atrocious 丑恶 6 ．2 结构松散，表达过于口语化例3．有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一位女乘客：“您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。“您下车吗？”他又问了一遍。女乘客还是没理他。他耐不住了，放大声问：“下车吗？”，那女乘客依然没反应。“你是聋子，还是哑巴？”他急了，捅了一下那女乘客，也引起了车厢里的人都往这里看。女乘客这时也急了，瞪起一双眼睛，回手给了男乘客一拳。（庄绎传，英汉翻译教程，1999 ：练习 3 ）译文1：Once at the crowded door of the bus, I heard a man passenger asked politely a woman passenger before him: “Are you getting off?” The woman made no

英文简历必备-个人资料中英翻译

个人资料 name 姓名 alias 别名 pen name 笔名 date of birth 出生日期 birth date 出生日期 born 出生于 birth place 出生地点 age 年龄 native place 籍贯 province 省 city 市 autonomous region 自治区prefecture 专区 county 县 nationality 民族，国籍citizenship 国籍 duel citizenship 双重国籍address 地址 current address 目前地址present address 目前地址permanent address 永久地址postal code 邮政编码 home phone 住宅电话 office phone 办公电话business phone 办公电话Tel.电话 sex 性别 male 男

female 女 height 身高 weight 体重 marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况married 已婚 single/unmarried 未婚divorced 离异 separated 分居 number of children 子女人数none 无 street 街 lane 胡同，巷 road 路 district 区 house number 门牌 health 健康状况 health condition 健康状况blood type 血型 short-sighted 近视 far-sighted 远视 color-blind 色盲 ID card No.身份证号码 date of availability 可到职时间available 可到职membership 会员，资格president 会长 vice-president 副会长director 理事 standing director 常务理事

英文翻译成中文

第四部分翻译 Part Ⅰ英译汉练习： Unit 1 1.年轻时，他对学业漫不经心，加之他一直不愿考虑运动员以外的职业，到这时候，这一切终于给他带来了不幸。 2.护士们对不得不日复一日地参与欺骗病人的做法也许深恶痛绝，但要抵制却感到无能为力。 3.我不会在初版的《失乐园》上乱写乱画，就像我不会把一幅伦勃朗的原作连同一套蜡笔交给我的婴儿任意涂抹一样。 4.只有假设地球表面呈曲线状，这一现象才能得到解释。 5.鹿减少生存所需的能耗以增加越冬生存的机会，从生物学的角度看是合情合理的。 6.不论好坏，不论是何结果，美国人不仅会一概接受，还要去铲除那些反对者，尽管对于成千上万的人来说，这决定与自己的意愿背道而驰。 7.你可曾为了接电话在洗澡时从浴室冲出来，或是嚼着饭从饭桌旁站起来，或是昏昏沉沉的从床上爬起来，而结果却是有人打错了。 8.实际上，大把花钱的满足感大于商品本身带给他们的乐趣。 9.但是蓝色也可以表示伤感（我很伤感），白色常代表纯洁，尽管在中国，人们在婚礼上穿白的，在葬礼上穿黑的。 10. 晚上十点到十二点，美国处在权力真空状态——除了纽约广播公司总部和两家大的新闻机构之外，全国范围内就再没有别的信息中心。 Unit 2 1) 1800年英国与法国之间将爆发一场持续15后的大战。 2) 我相信，到1816年，英国将在滑铁卢村附近赢得一场伟大战役的胜利。 3) 然而，到1870年，对于英国来说，德国将成为一个比法国更具危险性的国家。 4) 在20世纪初，俄国、美国和日本将成为大国，而英国将不再是世界上最强大的国家了。 5) 反过来，农民的业绩大小取决于农业的组织形式，经济环境，市场结构这些与之息息相关的因素。 6) 他被接回来时，不停地跟人讲，一些可怕的怪物瞪着眼睛盯着他，把他带到了一个宇宙飞船上。 7) 烫伤大多数发生在老人和孩子身上，往往是由于浴室里水温太高而造成的。 8) 尽量多地了解可能发生的事情，这样你可以提前做好准备。 9) 市场的变化迫使很多网站关闭，而其它网站也仅是勉强维持。 10）因为在农民生产率低下的国家，需要劳动人口中大多数人种粮食，因此就没有多少人从事投资货物的生产或进行经济增长所必须的其它活动。 Unit 3 1. 在牛顿之前，亚里士多德已经发现物体的自然状态是静止的，除非有力作用于物体。所以运动着的物体会停下来。 2．人们在家中或是类似家的地方感觉最为亲密——和一个或几个亲近的人呆在一起——也就是在私人交谈的时候。 3．当一个人长时间在干道或高速公路上驾车行驶，就会存在两个问题：一是如何保持稳定的车速；二是如何确保他不撞上前面的车。 4．这个系统尤其适用于汽车拥挤的情况，因为电脑不仅能够控制车速，与前面车子的距离，还能够控制方向。

中文地址翻译成英文地址的方法和技巧

中文地址翻译成英文地址的方法和技巧中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小，如：Ｘ国Ｘ省Ｘ市Ｘ区Ｘ路Ｘ号，而英文地址则刚好相反，是由小到大。如上例写成英文就是：Ｘ号，Ｘ路，Ｘ区，Ｘ市，Ｘ省，Ｘ国。 1.各部分写法 ●Ｘ室：Room Ｘ ●Ｘ号：No. X ●Ｘ单元：Unit Ｘ ●X楼/层：X/F ●Ｘ号楼：Building No. Ｘ ●住宅区/小区：ResidentialQuater ●Ｘ街：ＸStreet ●Ｘ路：ＸRoad East/Central/West东路/ 中路/ 西路芙蓉西二路/ West 2nd Furong Road Central Dalian Rd. /大连中路芙蓉中路的“中”可以用Central，也有用Middle的，一般用Mid比较简洁。 ●Ｘ区：ＸDistrict ●Ｘ镇：ＸTown ●Ｘ县：ＸCounty ●Ｘ市：ＸCity ●Ｘ省：ＸProvince ●国家（State）中华人民共和国：The People’s Republic of China、P.R.China、P.R.C.、 China ●X信箱：M ailbox X 请注意：翻译人名、路名、街道名等，最好用拼音。各地址单元间要加逗号隔开。

2.英文通信地址常用翻译 201室/房Room 201 二单元Unit 2 马塘村MatangVallage 一号楼/栋Building 1 华为科技公司Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

xx公司xx Corp. / xx Co., Ltd. 宿舍Dormitory 厂Factory 楼/层Floor 酒楼/酒店Hotel 住宅区/小区Residential Quater 县County 甲/乙/丙/丁A/B/C/D 镇Town 巷/弄Lane 市City 路Road（也简写作Rd.，注意后面的点不能省略）一环路1st Ring Road 省Province(也简写作Prov.）花园Garden 院Yard 街Street/Avenue 大学College/University 信箱Mailbox 区District A座Suite A 广场Square 州State 大厦/写字楼Tower/Center/Plaza 胡同Alley（北京地名中的条即是胡同的意思）中国部分行政区划对照自治区Autonomous Region 直辖市Municipality 特别行政区Special Administration Region 简称SAR 自治州Autonomous Prefecture

自我介绍英语(中文翻译)

Good morning. My name is xxx .It is really a great honor to have this opportunity to introduce myself，and I hope I can make a good performance today. 早上好。我的名字是某某某。非常荣幸能有这个机会来介绍我自己,我希望今天我能有个好的表现。 Now I will introduce myself briefly ,I am 23 years old，born in wenling, the capital of Zhejiang Province. I graduated from the The Chinese people's armed police force academy department of Frontier command in July, 2011. 现在我将简单介绍一下我自己,我今年23岁,出生在温岭市,是浙江省的省会。我毕业于中国人民武装警察部队学院前沿指挥部

门,2011年6月。 During the four years in university, I spend most of my time on study, I have passed CET4 and I have acquired basic knowledge of Frontier command. Besides, with my efforts and cheerful personality，I received a scholarship and outstanding student awarded. Generally speaking, I am a hard worker especially do the thing I am interested in. I like to chat with my classmates, almost talk everything ,my favorite pastime is Basketball, swimming or surf online.Through college life,I learn how to balance between study and entertainment. 在四年的大学,我把大部分时间花在学习上,我已经通过国家基本知识,我已经获得了国境的命令。同时,我的努力和性格开朗,我收