中国科学技术大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析

中国科学技术大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Section II Cloze(10points)

Directions:There are10blanks in the following passage.For

each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should

choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.You should write the

corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.

If a farmer wishes to succeed,he must try to keep a wide gap

between his consumption and his production.He must store a large

quantity of grain__37__consuming all his grain immediately.He can

continue to support himself and his family__38__he produces a Geng

duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian

xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu

qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi surplus.He

must use this surplus in three ways:as seed for sowing,as an

insurance__39__the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a

commodity which he must sell in order to__40__old agricultural

implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to__41__the soil.He may

also need money to construct irrigation__42__and improve his farm

in other ways.If no surplus is available,a farmer cannot be__43__.

He must either sell some of his property or__44__extra funds in the

form of loans.Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low__45__

of interest,but loans of this kind are not__46__obtainable.

37.[A]other than[B]as well as[C]instead of[D]more than

38.[A]only if[B]much as[C]long before[D]ever since

39.[A]for[B]against[C]of[D]towards

40.[A]replace[B]purchase[C]supplement[D]dispose

41.[A]enhance[B]mix[C]feed[D]raise

42.[A]vessels[B]routes[C]paths[D]channels

43.[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient[C]self-satisfied[D] self-restrained

44.[A]search[B]save[C]offer[D]seek

45.[A]proportion[B]percentage[C]rate[D]ratio

46.[A]genuinely[B]obviously[C]presumably[D]frequently

Section III Reading Comprehension(24points)

Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked[A],[B],[C]and [D].Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.

Text1

Tight-lipped elders used to say,“It’s not what you want in this world,but what you get.”

Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.

You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house,and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.If we intend to have friends to dinner,we plan the menu,make a shopping list,

decide which food to cook first,and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.

Likewise,if you want to find a job,take a sheet of paper,and write a brief account of yourself.In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself,for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.

This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education,experience and references.Such an account is valuable.It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you,you could-be employer is deciding whether your education,your experience,and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your“wares”and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.

When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires,you have something tangible to sell.Then you are ready to hunt for a job.Get all the possible information about your could-be job.Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open,and use your own judgment.Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind:Securing a job is your job now.

47.What do the elders mean when they say,“It’s not what you want in this world,but what you get.”?

[A]You’ll certainly get what you want.

[B]It’s no use dreaming.

[C]You should be dissatisfied with what you have.

[D]It’s essential to set a goal for yourself.

48.[A]blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as________.

[A]an illustration of how to write an application for a job

[B]an indication of how to secure a good job

[C]a guideline for job description

[D]a principle for job evaluation

49.According to the passage,one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because________.

[A]that is the first step to please the employer

[B]that is the requirement of the employer

[C]it enables him to know when to sell his services

[D]it forces him to become clearly aware of himself

50.When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires,you have something________.

[A]definite to offer

[B]imaginary to provide

[C]practical to supply

[D]desirable to present

Text2

Personality is to a large extent inherent—A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring.But the environment must also have a

profound effect,since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.

One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is,by its very nature,a highly competitive institution.Too many schools adopt the‘win at all costs’moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements.The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system,in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows.Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences:remember that Pheidippides,the first marathon runner,dropped dead seconds after saying:“Rejoice,we conquer!”

By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations.It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well.The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable,but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.

Obviously,it is neither practical nor desirable that all

A-youngsters change into B’s.The world needs A types,and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to his possible future employment.It is top management.

If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values.Perhaps

selection for the caring professions,especially medicine,could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy.It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock.B’s are important and should be encouraged.

51.According to the passage,A-type individuals are usually ________.

[A]impatient

[B]considerate

[C]aggressive

[D]agreeable

52.The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because________.

[A]the pressure is too great on the students

[B]some students are bound to fail

[C]failure rates are too high

[D]the results of exanimations are doubtful

53.The selection of medical professionals is currently based on ________.

[A]candidates’sensitivity

[B]academic achievements

[C]competitive spirit

[D]surer values

54.From the passage we can draw the conclusion that________.

[A]the personality of a child is well established at birth

[B]family influence dominates the shaping of one’s characteristics

[C]the development of one’s personality is due to multiple factors

[D]B-type characteristics can find no place in competitive society

Text3

It was3:45in the morning when the vote was finally taken.After six months of arguing and final16hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.The measure passed by the convincing vote of15to 10.Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up,half a world away,by John Hofsess,executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada.He sent it on via the group’s on-line service,Death NET.Says Hofsess:“We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia.It’s world history.”

The full import may take a while to sink in.The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications.Some have breathed sighs of relief,others,including churches,right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association,bitterly attacked the bill and

the haste of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.In Australia—where an aging population,life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada,where the right to die movement is gathering strength,observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.

Under the new Northern Territory law,an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering.The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors.After a“cooling off”period of seven days,the patient can sign a certificate of request.After48hours the wish for death can be met.For Lloyd Nickson,a54year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer,the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering:a terrifying death from his breathing condition.“I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view,but what I was afraid of was how I’d go,because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,”he says.

55.From the second paragraph we learn that________.

[A]the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries

[B]physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia

[C]changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law

[D]it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s

passage

56.When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling,he means________.

[A]observers are taking a wait and see attitude towards the future of euthanasia

[B]similar bills are likely to be passed in the US,Canada and other countries

[C]observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes

[D]the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop

57.When Lloyd Nickson dies,he will________.

[A]face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia

[B]experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient

[C]have an intense fear of terrible suffering

[D]undergo a cooling off period of seven days

58.The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of________.

[A]opposition

[B]suspicion

[C]approval

[D]indifference

Section IV Translation(10Points)

Directions:Translate the following sentences into English(10 points)

59.所有那些努力工作的人都应得到鼓励。

60.我们恳切希望你早日给我们一个答复。

61.即使你说服不了他，也不要灰心丧气。

62.这件事至今还没有得出正确的结论。

63.你讲英语时，发音要准，否则人家就听不懂你的意思。

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑

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