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科普英语模拟题目

第9届科普英语资料节选

Passage:2. Fish with Flashlights? (L)

Have you ever been sitting at home when the electricity went off? It can be pretty scary! What was the first thing you did? If you‘re like most people, you probably went searching for

a flashlight.

Have you ever heard of a fish with a flashlight? Odd as it may sound, such fish do exist. Sunlight can only penetrate the ocean to a depth of around 375 feet. Once you go below that level, the water is pitch-black. However, scientists have discovered many different fish living

in this dark, cold water that have the ability to make their own light? How do they do it?

These fish have special pouches near their eyes, tails, or fins. In each of these pouches is

a colony of thousands of bacteria. These bacteria produce certain chemicals that give off a

faint glow; the darker the surroundings, the brighter the glow appears to be. Some of these

do not want to be seen, so they simply close these shutters. This keeps the glows from being seen. At other times, the fish open these special shutters, and allow the chemical glow to light

the dark surroundings. Some scientists think that the fish use ―flashlight‖ to attract smaller

fish which they eat as food. Other scientists think that the fish use their ability to give off

light to attract a mate so they can reproduce. There may other reasons for this special

―flashlight‖ that we have not yet discovered.

初赛模拟题目：

一．翻译出划线部分的中文意思：

二：改错题目：

1．If you like most people, you probably went searching for a flashlight.

A B C D

1．Odd as it may sound, such fish do exist. Sunlight can only penetrate the ocean in a depth of

A B C D

around 375 feet.

2．However, scientists have discovered many different fish living in this dark, cold water that

A B C

has the ability to make their own light.

3．These bacterias produce certain chemicals that gives off a faint glow; the darker the

A B C

surroundings, the bright the glow appears to be.

D E

4．Some scientists think that the fish use these ―flashlight‖ to attract smaller fish which they eat as

A B C D

food.

6．There may be other reasons of this special ―flashlight‖ that we have not yet discovered.

A B C D

二：Cloze

Have you ever been sitting at home when the electricity （1）? It can be pretty scary! What was the first thing you did? If you‘re （2）most people, you probably went searching for a flashlight.

Have you ever heard of a fish with a flashlight? Odd （3）it may sound, such fish（4）exist. Sunlight can only penetrate the ocean to a depth of around 375 feet. Once you go below that level, the water is pitch-black. However, scientists have discovered many different fish living in this dark, cold water that have the ability to make their own light? How do they do it?

These fish have special pouches near their eyes, tails, or fins. In each of these pouches is a colony of thousands （5）bacteria. These bacteria produce certain chemicals that give off a faint glow; the darker the surroundings, the brighter the glow appears to be. Some of these fish have special ―shutters‖ over the pouches in（6）these bacteria live. Sometimes the fish do not want to be seen, so they simply close these shutters. This keeps the glows the glow from （7）seen. At other times, the fish open these special shutters, and allow the chemical glow to light the dark surroundings. Some scientists think that the fish use ―flashlight‖ （8）attract smaller fish which they eat as food. Other scientists think（9）the fish use their ability to （10）light to attract a mate so they can reproduce. There may be other reasons for this special ―flashlight‖ that we have not yet discovered.

（1）A. went off B. went down C. went into D. turned off

（2）A. likes B. be like C. like D. as

（3）A．but B. even C. as D. although

（4）A．has B. do C. have D. got

（5）A．of B. for C. to D. with

（6）A．which B. what C. that D. as

（7）A．be B. are C. being D. has

（8）A．to B. for C. of D. with

（9）A．this B. that C. which D. these

（10）A．on B. down C. off D. up

三词组

1.go off 停电 2 go searching for 去寻找 3 get off 发光

4reason for （什么的）原因appear to be 好像是

5allow the chemical glow to light the dark surroundings 让萤光照耀周围的黑暗

6attract 吸引odd as 虽然….奇怪

Passage1．A guide to computers and plug-ins on the internet (H)

首字母：

Life on-line can be a much richer experience when you aren‘t restricted to just written words and s_______ pictures. Even if you‘re new to the Net, you‘ve probably heard about multimedia on-line—listening to audio, watching animations and videos, even playing in 3-dimensional space. Sound and movement make information come a_________.

To experience it, you‘ll need special pieces of software called plug-ins. The term ―plug-in‖ refers to a small, add-on piece of software which e________ the capabilities of your web browser, like Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Explorer, turning your computer

i________ a radio or TV.

When you a________ at a web page which contains a file requiring a plug-in which you don‘t have, you will usually r__________ a message asking if you want to get it by d__________ it and installing it into your computer. Most of the time, the installation will be a__________.

Occasionally, you‘ll run into a downloaded file which needs to be d____________ or un-zipped before Once installed, plug-ins will run automatically without your having to do anything.

Many multimedia controls still need to be obtained from the d________ but are installed automatically.

Shockwave is a good example of this. All you need to do is go to the Macromedia site and c______ on the link to install the ActiveX control. The rest happens automatically. The next time you go to a ―Shocked‖ website, the Shockwave control loads and plays the movie.

Most plug-ins and controls can be download for free on the Internet, although not all will work with every system. Some of them, for instance, only work w_______ Windows XP. Passage:5. Light Night, Dark Stars (L)

On a clear night, with no clouds, moonlight, or artificial lights to block the view, people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky, says Dennis Ward, an astronomer. But when people are surrounded by city lights, he says, they‘re lucky to see 150 stars.

If you‘ve ever driven toward a big city at night and seen its glow from afar, you‘ve witnessed light pollution. It is made up of light from streetlights, office buildings, signs, and other sources. Pollution from factories and industries makes the light pollution even worse. This haze of light makes many stars invisible to people on Earth. It also makes it far more difficult for astronomers to do their jobs. Sea turtles also depend on moonlight and starlight to guide them into the water. Artificial lights can disorient these animals. They often end up heading toward lit-up parking lots, beach houses, and hotels by mistake. Some night lights are necessary ,of course. But it is estimated that 30 percent of artificial nighttime lighting is wasted.―People can still use the lighting they need,‖ says Ward, but they need to do it more wisely and with less waste.‖On e easy way to make your local sky darker is to close the blinds in your house at night to prevent internal lights from shining outside. You can also turn off lights that aren‘t in use. Encourage your parents and schools to use motion-sensor lights that turn on only when needed, to buy energy-efficient light bulbs, and to buy outdoor lights with shielding that prevents them from shining skyward.

Then step outside, and enjoy the view!

初赛模拟题目：

1．In a clear night, with no clouds, moonlight, or artificial lights to block the view,

A B C

people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky,

2. When you‘ve ever driven toward a big city at night and seen its glow from afar,

A B C D

you‘ve witnessed light pollution.

3. Encourage your parents and schools to use motion-sensor lights that turn on only

when needing, to buy energy-efficient light bulbs, and to buy outdoor lights with

B C

shielding that prevents them from shining skyward.

中英文对照：

be surrounded by：被……环绕motion-sensor lights：感应灯

energy-efficient：节能的glow from afar：远处的灯火闪亮

witness：见证invisible：不可见的prevent from：妨碍

blind：n. 窗帘

Passage3. Creating My Own Web Site

To me, the best thing about the Web is the fact that anyone with an idea can create a Web site practically for free. A simple Web site costs about ＄1 a day to ⑴_________. That means that there are millions of different ideas out there ⑵_______ tried every day with so little money.

Let‘s say that you have an idea for a Web site, and you have a cool domain name that you want to use. You would like to make sure that nobody else gets the idea and takes that domain name. For example, let‘s say that your domain name is MyIdea. com. What you want to do is check the domain name registry and make sure it‘s not already taken. If it is ⑶________, you want to register th at domain name (also known as ―reserving‖ or ―parking‖ the domain name). ⑷________ the name gives you ⑸_________ of it.

Then you will go for a content site and you want to get started ⑹______ away. A content site is a site that contains information for people to read or look at. The information might be words, pictures, links, etc. Yahoo! is ⑺________ a gigantic content site. To create a content site, you need to learn HTML so you can create your pages, and then you need to find a company to ⑻_________ the site.

Or maybe you have an idea for an e-commerce site. An e-commerce site ⑼______ you display the things you want to sell, take orders, process credit cards, etc. An e-commerce site is a bit more⑽________to set up because you have to apply for a merchant account and other commerce-related services. However, it‘s not that much trouble. Good luck creating your new site!

1. A. open B. operate C. work D. create

2. A. being B. to be C. have been D. has been

3. A. available B. good C. alright D. nice

4. A. To register B. Registering C. Choosing D. To choose

5. A. own B. owner C. ownership D. owns

6. A. that B. right C. soon D. go

7. A. very B. so C. special D. essentially

8. A. host B. open C. change D. work

9. A. lets B. let C. to let D. were lasted

10. A. involving B. able C. hardworking D. involved

Words & Phrases

①for free 免费

②operate 操作，工作，运转，营运

③domain name 域名

④reserve 预定（约），租定

Passage 11 Global warming May be twice as Bad as Feared

首字母填空：

The impact of global warming shown by the world‘s largest climate-modeling experiment could be twice as s as the worst scenario feared by United Nations scientists. Average temperature could r by 11C (20F) to reach highs that would change the face of the globe, reaearchers who have run 60,000 computer simulations of climate change said yesterday.

The conclusions suggest that forecasts by the UN‘s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change may be much too c . In the worst case, the world would eventually heat u by almost double the maximum increase envisaged by the panel. The IPCC‘s latest report predicted that temperatures will rise by between 1.4C and 5.8C by 2100.

A world 11C w than it is today would be unrecognizable: While records show that the planet has been hotter than it is today for about 80 percent of its history,there is no e that it has ever been more than 7C warmer.

Although it would take hundreds of years for the f effects to be felt, the polar ice caps eventually would melt completely, c sea levels to rise by 70m to 100m. Coastal and low-lying cities such as London and New York would be expected to climb even f in some regions.

Passage 23 Roller Coaster

For many years, there is only one reason to go to an a________ park : the roller coaster. Some people call it the scream machine, with good reason.

What you may not realize as you‘re cruising down the t______ at 60 miles an hour is that the coaster has no e_______. The car is pulled to the top of the first hill at the beginning of the r_____, but after that the coaster must complete the ride o_____ its own. You aren‘t being p_______ around the track by a motor or pulled by a hitch. The coversion of potential energy to kinetic energy is what drives the roller coaster, and all of the kinetic energy you need for the ride is present once the coaster d_______ the first the hill.

Once you‘re underway, different types of wheels help keep the ride s_______. Runing wheels guide the coaster on the track. Friction wheels c________ lateral motion (movement to either side of the track). A final set of wheels keeps the coaster on the track even if it is i________. Compressed air brakes stop the car as the ride ends.

Roller coasters can be wooden or steel, and can be looping or nonlooping. You‘ll notice a big difference in the ride d_______ on the type of material used. In general, wooden coasters are nonlooping. They‘re also not as tall and not as fast, and they don‘t feature very

steep hills or as long of a track as steel ones do. Wooden coasters do o_______ one advantage over steel coasters, assuming you‘re loo king for palm-sweating t_______. They sway a lot more. Tubular steel coasters allow more looping. Higher and steeper hills, greater drops and rolls, and faster speeds.

Cloze:

Passage2:Computer—Our Good Fellow （H）

A computer is an erudite tutor and a talented secretary can draw up documents, manage data, design blueprints, type papers and so on. Furthermore, the computer is and diligent ―house-keeper‖ or ―servant‖ of housewives; it is also a game expert admired children. The computer is really a welcome fellow of .

Office Automation

Office automation (OA) is the application of the computer and communication technologies the productivity of clerical and managerial office workers. The major functions of the OA system text processing, electronic mail, information storage and retrieval, task management, and etc. Today, there many OA systems, for example, desktop publishing, video conference, videotext and so on. So, many office workers can easily find the information they want through a personal computer sitting on his or her desk. It changes substantially the way people work in an office.

Artificial Intelligence

For many years, researchers the way people think in hopes of creating a computer that like a person. This is so called Artificial Intelligence (AI). It aims at producing a computer system that will be able to communicate with us by speech and hearing, and be capable of solving intelligent problems. One practical application of AI has been in the area of expert systems. An expert system is a computer program that the specialized at the level of a human expert.

Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI)

CAI is an educational concept that places the student in a conversational mode with a computer that has a preprogrammed study plan. The programmed course selects the next topic or phase of study according to previous responses from the student, allowing each student to process at a pace directly related to his or her learning capability.

1. ( ) A. that B. who C. what D. which

2. ( ) A. obedient B. obedientest C. the most obedient D. obedienter

3. ( ) A. on B. with C. by D. at

4. ( ) A. ours B. mine C. yours D. human beings

5. ( ) A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. improved

6. ( ) A. including B. include C. included D. includes

7. ( ) A. had been B. have been C. has been D. are

8. ( ) A. have been exploring B. have been explored

C. has been exploring

D. has been explored

9. ( ) A. think B. thinks C. thinking D. thought

10. ( ) A. solve questions B. solve problems C. solves questions D. solves problems

Phrases:

1.draw up documents manage data design blueprints type papers explore the way

2.aims at communicate with in the area of solve problems at the level of

改错题: (找出划线中的错误之处，并改正)

1. It aims to producing a computer system that will be able to communicate with us by speeches and hearing, and be capable of solving intelligent problems.

2. The programmed course selects the next topic or phase of study according to previous responses from the student, allows each student to process at a pace directly related to his or her learning capability.

3. CAI is an education concept that places the student in a conversation mode with a computer that has a preprogrammed study plan.

改错题

1.Today, there has been many OA systems, for example desktop

A B C

publishing, video conference, videotext and so on.

(2处错误)

2.It changes substantially the way people work in office.

A B

3.It aims at producing a computer system that will be able to

communicating with us by speech and hearing, and be capable

B C

of solving intelligent problems.

4.The programmed course selects the next topic or phase of study

according to previous responses from the student, allow each student

B C

to process at a pace directly related to his or her learning capability.

5.CAI is an educate concept that places the student in a conversational

A B

mode with a computer that has a preprogrammed study plan.

C D

Passage 10(L)完形填空

Adults who had been fed 1 fruit when they were children are ___2____ to suffer from certain types of cancer , British scientists said on Wednesday.

A medical study of nearly 4,000 men and women showed that the more fruits the adults ___3____ when they were young the less likely they were to suffer 4 lung, bowel and breast cancer.

―This study shows that childhood fruit consumption may have a long term protective effect ____5___ cancer risk in adulthood,‖ Dr. Maria Maynard of the Medical Research Council in London said.

All of the adults in the study had filled in a food inventory during the 1930s for a research study____6____ the eating habits of families in rural and urban areas of England and Scotland. Maynard and her colleagues studied the medical records of the group up to July 2000, by 7 time 483 cases of cancer had been diagnosed .In addition to fewer cases of cancer, a high consumption of fruit was associated ___8___ a lower death rate from all causes.

Fruit are loaded with antioxidants , vitamins and 9 nutrients ,which can help to prevent genetic damage that can ____10____ the development of cancer.

The scientists also studied the impact of vitamins C,E and beta carotene on cancer but they did not find any evidence that individual antioxidants were as protective as fruit.

（）1 .A. plenty of B. a lot C enough of D amount of

（）2. A much like B less like C more likely D more likely

( ) 3. A have eaten B ate C had eaten D are eaten

( ) 4. A form B of C on D in

（）5 A in B of C with D on

( ) 6 A looked into B looking into C looked from D looking from

( ) 7. A which B what C that D. when

( )8. A in B with C to D and

( )9.A other B others C the other D the others

( )10.A lead in B lead to C result from D add to

二．词组

1. Medical Research Council 医学研究会2 any evidence 证据

3. high consumption 高摄入 4 All of the adults 所有成人

5 a food inventory 一个食物清单

6 studied the impact of 影响的研究

7 lead to导致Passage 20 Like a Moth to a Flame（H）

You hear the phrase all the time:"...Drawn like a moth to the flame."

And you've probably seen it. It's a hot summer evening, you're on the verandah, when you suddenly notice a moth ________ to the night.

But even though it seems that the light attracts the moth, the truth is_____ the light just confuses the moth.

Some baby sea turtles get_______ by lights. Their evolutionary imperative is that, when they hatch and dig up through the sand to the surface, they head _______ the direction of the moon.

They hatch when the moon is over the sea, _______ is the right direction for the baby sea turtles.

But we humans have put lights along the beachfront, so the sea turtles head ______ towards the lights, and die.

_______ back to moth, you have to look carefully to notice this, but most of their flight path is not straight, but curved.

Moths, like other nocturnal travelers, use quiet a _______ system of navigation to find

their way, this is, they keep a fixed angle _______ a distant source of light. It's very effective. Suppose that the moon is high in the northern sky, and that you want to heard west for a few hours.

Easy, just keep the moon on your right(the north)and you will automatically be heading west. It works only because the moon is so far away.

Now suppose that you try to navigate, not ______ the distant moon, but a streetlight only a few meters away.

When you try to keep it on you right ,you find yourself very quickly walking in a circle. And if you keep the streetlight somewhere between directly to you right and directly in front of you, you'll quickly enter a death spiral and ________ the post of the street-light.

This is how the moths get tricked.

There are many to die. But, said the moth, "it is better to _______ in beauty".

1.A. is zooming B. zooming C. zoom D. zoomed

2. A. What B. if C. that D. how

3. A. trick B. tricking C. tricked D. a trick

4. A. on B. with C. in D. to

5. A. that B. it C. which D. this

6.A. onland B. outland C. inland D. land

7.A. get B. got C. gets D. getting.

8. A. easy B. difficult C. complex D. simple

9. A. to B. in C. at D. on

10. A. to B. with C. at D. in

11. A. beat B. hit C. strike D. overcome

12. A. be burned up C. be put out C. be burning down D. being put off

初赛模拟题目：

1.It's a hot summer evening, you're at the verandah(阳台), when you suddenly notice a

A B C

moth zoom to the night. (二处错误)

2.But even though it seems that the light attracts the moth, the truth is what the light just

A B C D

confuses the moth.

3.Some baby sea turtles get tricked ____ lights.

A.with

B. by

C. as

D. to

4.Their evolutionary imperative(进化的指令、命令) is that, when they hatch and dig up

A B

through the sand to the surface, they head on the direction of the moon.

C D

5. They hatch when the moon is over the sea, that is the right direction for the baby sea turtles.

A B C D

翻译

1 Like a Moth to a Flame 飞蛾扑火

2 Their evolutionary imperative is that, when they hatch and dig up through the sand to the surface, they head in the direction of the moon.

它们的进化指令是这样的：当他们破壳而出并从沙子里钻出来后，它们就朝着月光的方向爬行。

3 Suppose that the moon is high in the northern sky, and that you want to heard west for a few hours.

当月亮高悬在北部的天空，而你想往西边行进几个小时。

4 it is better to be burned up in beauty.

不如在火中绚烂的死去

5 But even though it seems that the light attracts the moth, the truth is that the light just confuses the moth. 但是，虽然看上去是灯光吸引了飞蛾，事实却是灯光迷惑了飞蛾。

6 It's a hot summer evening, you're on the verandah, when you suddenly notice a moth zooming to the night. 炎热的夏天，你正在游廊上乘凉，突然看见一个飞蛾嗡嗡着向灯光靠拢

7．They hatch when the moon is over the sea, which is the right direction for the baby sea turtles.

他们孵出来的时候月亮刚好照在大海上，月亮为幼年海龟提供正确指引

Passage 20 Drawn like a moth to the flame.

You hear the phrase all the time:"...Drawn like a moth to the flame."

And you've probably seen it. It's a hot summer evening, you've on the verandah, when you suddenly notice a moth zooming to the night.

But ____1____ it seems that the light attracts the moth, the truth is 2 the light just confuses the moth.

Some baby sea turtles get tricked 3 lights. Their evolutionary imperative is that, when they hatch and dig up ____4_____ the sand to the surface, they head in the direction of the moon.

They hatch when the moon is over the sea, which is the right direction for the baby sea turtles.

But we humans have put lights 5 the beachfront, so the sea turtles head inland towards the lights, and die.

Getting back to moth, you have to look carefully to notice this, but most of their flight path is not straight, but curved.

Moths, like other nocturnal travelers, use quiet a complex system of navigation to find their way, 6 ,they keep a fixed angle on a distant source of light. It's very 7 .

Suppose that the moon is high in the northern sky, and that you want to heard west for a few hours.

Easy, just keep the moon on your right(the north)and you will automatically be heading west. It works only because the moon is so far away.

Now suppose that you try to navigate, not with the 8 moon, but a streetlight only a few meters away.

When you try to keep it on you right, You find yourself very quickly walking in a 9 . And if you keep the streetlight somewhere between directly to you right and directly in front of you, you'll quickly enter a death spiral and hit the post of the street-light.

This is how the moths get tricked.

There are many to die. But, said the moth, "it is better to be burned 10 in beauty".

1.A even though B as if C As though D what if

2.A this B that C the D which

3.A at B by C on D about

4.A. from B through C with D.during

5.A along B beside C near D around

6.A that is B this is C this D that

7.A strong B useful C effective D attractive

8.A clear B distant C beautiful D bright

9.A circle B square C round D hurry

10.A in B of C to D up

Ⅰ.Error Dectection

1)A computer is a erudite tutor,and a talented secretary which can draw up

A B C

documents,manage data,designs blueprints,type papers and so on.

D E

2）Furthermore ,the computer is the most obedient and diligent ―house-worker‖or

A B

―servants‖of housewife; it is also a game expert admired by children.

C D E

3)So,much office workers can easily find the information they want through a personal

A B C

computer sit at his or her desk.

4) It aim for producing a computer system that will be able to communicate with

A B C

us by speech and hear, and be capable of solving intelligent problem.

D E F

5) The programmed course selects the next topic or phase of study according to

A B

previous response from the student, allow each student for process at a place

C D E

directly related with his or her learning capability.

F G

Ⅱ.Multiple Choice

6）（）This is called Artificial Intelligence (AI).

A.thus

B.so

C.that

D.with

7) ( ) An expert system is a computer program solves the specialized problems at the level of a human expert.

A.which

B.what

C.that

D.so

8) ( ) For many years, researchers the way people think in hopes of creating a computer that thinks like a person.

A.explored

B.had exploring

C.exploring

D. have been exploring

ⅢOffice Automation

Office Automation (OA) is the (1) of the computer and communication technologies (2) the productivity of clerical and managerial office workers, The major functions of the OA system include text (3) , electronic mail, information storage and retrieval, task management, and etc. Today, there have been many OA systems, for example, desktop publishing, video conference, videotext and so on. (4) , many office workers can easily find the information they want (5) a personal computer sitting on his or her desk, It changes (6) the way people work in an office.

11.1．（）A.apply B. appliance C．application D．relevant

12.2.（）A.to improve B.improve

13. C.for improving D.improved

14.3. ( ) A.treat B. processing

15. C.process D. handle

16.4.（）A.therefore B. wherefore C.but D.so

17.5. ( ) A.through B.by C.past D.though

18.6. ( ) A.greatly https://www.wendangku.net/doc/761942168.html,rge C.substantially D.huge

完形填空

For many years, researchers have 1 exploring the way people think in hopes of creating a computer 2 thinks like a person. This is so called Artificial Intelligence (AI). It aims at producing a computer system that will be able to communicate 3 us 4 speech and hearing, and be capable of solving intelligent problems. One practical application 5 AI has been in the area of expert systems. An expert system is a computer program that solves the specialized problems at the level of a human expert.

(1) A. / B. being C. been D. become

(2) A. which B. what C. who D. that

(3) A . with B. of C. at D. by

(4) A . with B. of C. at D. by

(5) A. of B. at C . for D. by

首字母填空

CAI is an e concept that places the student in a c

mode with a computer that has a preprogrammed study plan. The p

course selects the next t or phase of study a to previous responses from the student, a each student to process at a pace directly related to his or her learning capability.

Passage 6. Don’t Eat That Sandwich! (L)

Oops! In the rush to get to school, you drop a piece of toast on the floor. Do you throw it away or decide it‘s still OK to eat?

If you‘re like most people, you eat it. Maybe you follow the ―5-second rule,‖ which claims foods are safe to eat if you pick them up within 5 seconds of dropping them.

But you might want to think again. Scientists now say that 5 seconds are all it takes for foods to become contaminated with enough bacteria to make you sick.

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that can cause many kinds if illnesses. Some kinds of bacteria can grow on food. If we eat foods on which these bacteria are growing, we can become sick. Common symptoms include vomiting and diarrhea.

One of these food-borne bacteria is Salmonella. It makes 1.4 million people every year. Earlier this year, 370 people became sick after eating peanut butter that had been contaminated with Salmonella at the manufacturing plant . Salmonella are often found in raw eggs and chicken, and other food thoroughly.

Being a good housekeeper is a second tip for preventing infection. If household surfaces aren‘t washed thoroughly, they can support Salmonella for weeks.

But how long does it take these bacteria to attach to food? According to a team of scientists in South Carolina who carried out a series of experiments, it takes just 5 seconds!

―Someone making a sandwich might follow someone who, a day before, used that surface to cut meat or another raw food. It might not look contaminated, but could have bacteria that would be harmful,‖ said Paul Dawson, the food scientist who led the study.

So , forget the 5-second rule. If your toast lands on the floor, toss it out. Stick a fresh slice of bread in the toaster. And this time, be careful not to drop it!

一翻译（英译中）：

二：初赛模拟题目：

1.Maybe you follow the ―5-second rule,‖ which claim foods are safe to eat if you pick them up

A B C

within 5 seconds of dropping them.

2. Scientists now say that 5 seconds are all it takes for foods to become contaminate with enough

A B C

bacteria to make you sick.

3. If we eat foods on which these bacteria is growing, we can become sick.

A B C D

4. Earlier this year, 370 people became sick after eating peanut butter that had contaminated

A B C

with Salmonella at the manufacturing plant .

5. Someone is making a sandwich might follow someone who, a day before, used that surface to

A B C

cut meat or another raw food.

6. Be a good housekeeper is a second tip for preventing infection.

A B C D

7. If household surfaces aren‘t washed thoroughly, they can support Salmonella for weeks.

A B C D

中英文对照

1.contaminate 弄脏，污染

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/761942168.html,anism 有机体，有机组织

3.symptom 症状

4.vomit 呕吐

5.Salmonella 沙门氏菌

6.thoroughly 彻底地，完全的

7.attach to 附在...上8.bacteria 细菌9.single-celled 单细胞Passage:10. Looking Forward to a Laugh? Good for You (H)

Laughter may be the best medicine, but even looking forward to h a good laugh can boost the immune system and reduce stress, U.S. researchers r on Wednesday.

Just anticipating a happy, funny event can r levels of endorphins and other pleasure and relaxation-inducing hormones and l production of stress hormones, a team at the University of California Irvine said.

This team tested 16 men who all agreed they thought a certain videotape was funny. Half of them were told three days in a they would watch it. Those who knew in advance they would see the video started experiencing biological changes right away. When the men watched the video, levels of cortisol, a stress hormone, fell 39 percent. Epinephrine fell 70 percent, while levels of the feel-good hormone endorphin rose 27 percent and growth hormone levels rose by 87 percent.―Growth hormone is very b to the immune

can lower stress and s the immune system, Lee Berk, an assistant professor of family medicine and researcher in complementary and alternative medicine who led the study said. Berk and others had already shown that actually watching a funny video , or just laughing at a joke, could make healthful changes in the levels of hormones involved in stress and lower blood pressure.

―You have been thinking about it all day, so you experience a change i biology even before you get there,‖ Berk said. ―That is therapeutic.‖ Berk said the finding s the advice that everyone should lighten up a little to live longer. ―Anticipation is half or two-thirds the fun,‖ he said.

NOTE:have a good laugh开怀大笑levels of 的含量/

pleasure and relaxation-inducing hormones引发快乐轻松情绪的荷尔蒙

in advance提前87％rose by 87 percent 上升了be beneficial to对……有益

stimulate the immune system促进免疫系统

make healthful changes 作出健康的改变lighten up生活积极

初赛模拟题目：

1．Laughter may be the best medicine, but even looking forward to have a

A B

good laugh can boost the immune system and reduce stress, U.S. researchers reported

on Wednesday.

2. Just anticipating a happy, funny event can rise levels of endorphins and other

A B

pleasure and relaxation-inducing hormones and lower production of stress hormones,

a team at the University of California Irvine said.

3. Berk and others had already shown that actually watched a funny video , or just

A B

laughing at a joke, could do health changes in the levels of hormones involving in

C D

stress and lower blood pressure.(多处错误，请选择)

Passage 4. Vitamin Deficiency Asthma ―link‖ (H)

A low intake of vitamins A and C could raise the risk of asthma, a term which reviewed 40 studies 1 over the past 30 years has said.

A Nottingham University-led team found people 2 a low intake of vitamin C had a 12% increased risk of asthma, the Thorax journal reported. For vitamin A the raised risk was less clear-cut, the team said, but there was still a significant 3 .Asthma UK and the Medical Research Council said more research was needed. There has been a lot of confusion over the link between vitamins and condition, 4 affects five million people in the UK. Previous studies have come up with a variety of conclusions.

In this study, the researchers analyzed the relevant ____5____ both children and adults published since 1980. They found no link for vitamin E, but said the associations for A and C were significant. They concluded low levels of vitamin C—______6____ in fruit and vegetables—increased the risk of asthma by 12%. They were 7 to put an exact figure on vitamin A—found in cheese, eggs and oily fish— but noted that those with severe asthma consumed on 8 half of the recommended intake of the vitamin.

Lead researcher Dr Jo Leonardi—Bee said:―our findings indicate that low levels of vitamin C intake and to a lesser extent vitamin A are consistently associated with asthma risk to a degree that, if causal, would be sufficient to be clinically relevant.‖He said it was now important to carry out larger-scale studies to clarity the link and to see if there was a direct cause between vitamin intake and asthma.

1. A. carried on B. carried out C. carried with D. carrying out

2. A. with B. of C. for D. in

3. A. reason B. association C. cause D. idea

4. A. what B. that C which D. it

5. A. to B. of C. on D. with

6. A. finding B. finds C. found D. is found

7. A. able B. enable C. unable D. ability

8. A. average B. annual C. abnormal D. usual

Pessage 6:Heavy Sleep

Weighing too much can damage your health, and obesity is a growing problem for both kids and adults around the world.

Sleep might be one answer to the problem. A new study 1 that elementary school students who slept too little were more likely to gain pounds.

Past studies have shown a link 2 sleeping less and weighing more, but scientists have had a tough time determining "which came first, the chicken or the egg," says Julie C. Lumeng of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.

In other words, it hasn't been clear whether kids who weigh too much have trouble sleeping, or whether sleeping less leads to weight gain. Both scenarios 3 equally possible.

To get a 4 idea of which causes which, Lumeng and colleagues 5

the parents of 785 third graders from around the United States. The parents answered questions about how well their kids slept that year. Three years later, the parents answered the same questions.

6 sixth grade, 18 percent of kids involved in the study were obese. The scientists found no relationship between weight and the students' race or gender. It also didn't matter

7 strict their parents were, or whether they were boys or girls. Obesity struck all of these groups equally.

Instead, sleep seemed to be the key factor. Over the 3 years of the study, the children averaged a healthy 9.5 hours of sleep a night. Some kids, however, slept a lot more--or 8 --than others.

For the sixth graders, every hour of sleep above the 9.5-hour average 9 a 20 percent lower risk of being obese. Sleep 10 doubly important for the third graders. Every extra hour of sleep they got was linked to a 40 percent drop in obesity.

1、( )A、find B、have found C、has found D、had been found

2、( ) A、of B、on C、in D、between

3、( ) A、seem B、see C、seemd D、seems

4、( ) A、good B、better C、best D、well

5、( ) A、interview B、interviewed C、interviewing D、has interviewed

6、( ) A、by B、on C、in D、at

7、( ) A、which B、how C、who D、whom

8、( ) A、little B、less C、least D、littler

9、( ) A、was linked to B、link to C、is linked to D、be link to

10、( )A、was appeared B、has appeared C、have been appeared D、appeared

中英文对照：

1、can damage your health 会损害你的健康

2、obesity is a growing problem 肥胖是一个日趋严重的问题

3、one answer to the problem 导致这个问题的原因之一

4、be likely to 很有可能

5、gain pound 增加体重

6、have/spend （in）doing sth. 在……方面花时间

7、lead to 导致

8、By sixth grade, 18 percent of kids involved in the study were obese. 到了六年级，18%

的研究对象有了肥胖问题。

9、It also didn't matter how strict their parents were, or whether they were boys or girls. 孩

子们的父母是多么严格，或者他们是男孩或者是女孩，都不是问题。

10、be linked to 和……有关联

Passage15: Eyes on Ocean Storms

初赛题目模拟：

1.Severe ocean storms in the northern half of the world generally develops in late

A B C

summer or early autumn near the equator.

2. The eye itself is calm ________, with light winds and clear skies.

A. in comparison

B. by comparison

C. in compare

D. on compare

3. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a way to rate storms _______ on wind speed.

A. base

B. based

C. basic

D. bases

4. These storms are often powerful enough to break windows or blow a protective

A B C

covering off a house.

Severe ocean storms (1)_____ the northern half of the world generally develop in late summer or early autumn near the equator.

Severe ocean storms happen (2)_____ often in the southern hemisphere. There, the season of greatest activity is between December and March. South of the equator, the winds flow in the same direction as the hands (3)_____ a clock. North of the equator, they flow in the opposite direction.

Storms can (4)_____ stronger and stronger (5)_____ they move over warm ocean waters. The strongest, fastest winds of a hurricane are found in the eyewall. This is the area that surrounds the center, or eye, of the storm. The eye itself is calm by comparison, with light winds and clear skies.

Wind speeds in severe ocean storms can reach more than two hundred fifty kilometers an hour. (6)_____ to fifty centimeters of rain can fall. Some storms have produced more than one hundred fifty centimeters of rain.

These storms also cause high waves and ocean surges. Surges are commonly responsible (7) _____ about ninety percent of all deaths from ocean storms.

The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a (8) _____ to rate storms based on wind speed. It provides an idea (9) _____ the amount of coastal flooding and property damage that might be expected. The scale is divided into five groups. A Category One storm has winds of about one hundred twenty to one hundred fifty kilometers an hour. It can damage trees and lightweight structures. It can also cause (10) _____.

Wind speeds in a Category Two hurricane can reach close to one hundred eighty kilometers an hour. These storms are often powerful enough to break windows or blow a protective covering off a house.

Winds between about one hundred eighty and two hundred fifty kilometers an hour represent categories three and four. Anything even more powerful is a Category Five hurricane.

(1) ( ) A. in B. on C. of D. for

(2) ( ) A. more B. much C. less D. little

(3) ( ) A. in B. on C. of D. at

(4) ( ) A. get B. become C. turn D. change

(5) ( ) A. while B. as C. when D. for

(6) ( ) A. Down B. Low C. High D. Up

(7) ( ) A. to B. of C. for D. as

(8) ( ) A. way B. choice C. change D. name

(9) ( ) A. about B. for C. to D. of

(10) ( ) A. flood B. flooded C. floot D. flooding

Phrases:

1) generally develop in 普遍形成于

2) near the equator 赤道附近

3) less often 不那么频繁

4) the hands on a clock 钟上的指针

5) flow in the opposite direction 按逆时针旋转

6) eyewall 眼垒

7) by comparison 相比之下

8) up to 达到

9) cause high waves and ocean surges 导致巨浪和海潮

10) be responsible for… 由… … 造成的

11) a way to rate 评估的一种方式

12) based on 根据，以…基础

13) category 类别

14) cover off 掀翻

15) even more 甚至

Passage 21 The coral kingdom (H)

A reef is a coral community _______(consist) of several thousand organisms living together. Although it looks like a dormant underwater bush, the reef is very much alive. Reefs _____ (grow) very slowly over time. In fact, an inch of coral reef ______ (take) nearly 100 years ______ (grow).

Coral reefs ______ (find) only in shallow, warm water. The water temperature is usually constant year round. The reef ______ (make) up of thousands of corals. When a coral _____ (die), it ______ (leave) its skeleton of calcium carbonate behind. Young corals _______ (attach) themselves to the old skeleton and the cycle starts again. Each new generation ________ (build) upon the remains of the previous generation.

The actual animal that ______(make) up the physical _______ (call) a polyp. It is column shaped and ______ (attach) itself to the floor of the reef. The top end ______ (extend) into the water and is free ______ (move) about. Thousands of individual polyps _____ (form) a colony, which in turn ______ (form) a reef.

Coral reefs have an amazing variety of marine life. Every bit of space on the reef ______ (provide) a hiding place or shelter for amazing creatures _______ (emerge) from coral caves and crevices _______ (feed). People as well _______ (rely) on coral reefs for they protect coastlines, attract tourists‘ money, and some island nations live on coral atolls. Sadly, in spite of _______ (be) one of the great natural wonders of the world , coral reefs are now under threat. These ______ (include) unsustainable fishing practices (using dynamite), and pollution.

Passage5.Chew for Health (H)

Most schools ban chewing gum（咀嚼口香糖）, but in a few years they might consider changing that rule. Why? Scientists are finding evidence that gum chewing may be good for your health. It may even help boost your test scores.

This exciting research is just beginning. And in the meantime, companies are also with adding vitamins, minerals, medicines, and other substances that could give gum the power to cure headaches and fight from serious diseases to bad breath（口臭）. These enhanced gums are part of the growing number of foods and drinks that contain health-boosting ingredients. If you‘re already a gum fan, that‘s probably welcomed news.

People have been chewing gum for thousands of years. Ancients Greeks, Mayas, and Native Americans, for example, chewed on the sap, or resin, of certain types of trees. Today, gum is a little more complicated, says Ron Ream, a food scientist in Plano, Illinois. Gum manufactures start by mixing resin, wax, and a molecule called polyvinyl acetate （醋酸盐）to make a gum base. By varying the types and amounts of these ingredients, scientists Giant mixers then combine vats of melted gum base with powders, syrups, and sweeteners. Other machines roll the goo（粘液）into sticks or press them into pellets.

Packaging is the final step.

Americans chew about 1.8 pounds of gum per person each year, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. By showing that gum chewing can be health, companies that make and sell gum hope that we‘ll c hew even more.

Just what can gum do for your health? Many studies show that chewing gum after meals fights cavities（空穴，蛀牙）by stimulating the production of saliva（刺激唾液）. Saliva helps wash away bacteria health decreases the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and other serious diseases.

Passage: Among Vitamins, D Seems Short for 'Does a Lot'

Vitamin D helps bones and muscles grow strong and healthy. Low levels of vitamin D can _(1)__ to problems such as rickets, a deformity mainly found in children. Osteoporosis, the thinning of bone, is a common problem as people, especially women, get older. More and more research is suggesting that vitamin D might also help prevent many diseases.

The _(2)__ way to get vitamin D is from sunlight. But research shows that darker skinned people produce less vitamin D than _（3）_ skinned people. Production also decreases in older people and those living in northern areas that get less sunlight. Not __（4）___ naturally contain vitamin D. Foods high in this vitamin include oily fish such as salmon, tuna and mackerel, and fish liver oils. Small__ (5)___ of vitamin D _(3)_ found in beef liver, cheese and egg yolks. And some people take dietary supplements containing the vitamin. But most of the vitamin D in the American diet comes from foods with D __(6)__, like milk.

In 1997, the United States Institute of Medicine established levels for how much vitamin D healthy people need. It set the daily amount at two hundred international units(I.U.s) from birth through age fifty. It set the level at four hundred I.U.s through age seventy, and six hundred for age seventy-one and over. Research in the last several years _(7)__ that low levels of vitamin D may increase _(8)__ heart attacks and deaths from some cancers. __(9)__ studies have shown that people with rheumatic diseases often have low levels of vitamin D.

More doctors are now having their patients __(10)___ for their vitamin D levels. But as research continues, some experts worry that if people take too much vitamin D, it might act __(11)__a poison. Also, skin doctors warn people to be careful with sun exposure because of the risk of skin cancer.

1.A.bring B.lead C.conduce D.make

2.A.easy B.easiest C.difficult D.most difficult

3.A.more fleet B.light C.lighter D.shallow

4.A.any food B.much food C.many foods D.many food

5.A.amount…are B.number… are C. amount…is D.amounts…are

6.A.add B.adding C.addition D.added

7.A.show B.has shown C.have showed D.showed

8.A.the risk of B.the chance to C.the risk for D.the chance for

9.A.Other B.The other C.The others D.Another

10.A.test B.to test C.tested D.being tested

11.A.like B.as C.a part D.on

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按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频动画播放科普版小学英语三年级英语单词背诵第一课 hi嗨hello你好Mr.先生pig猪Miss小姐fox狐狸I我am是cat 猫dog狗第二课 good好的morning早上are是you你，你的a一个、件、张boy男孩yes 是的no不girl女孩第三课 nice令人愉快的meet遇到、碰见too也my我的name名字is 是goodbye再见bye再见第四课 Your你的 please请sit down坐下what什么new新的第五课 excuse原谅劳驾me我excuse me打扰一下how多么如何old 岁的旧的老的How old are you?你几岁了？sorry对不起do做、干not不know 知道nine九ten十第六课 bear熊duck鸭子this这、这个letter信thank谢谢Not at all.不客气第七课 bird鸟it它bee蜜蜂 that那个，那fish鱼 frog青蛙he他Mrs. 夫人hen母鸡she她

第八课 monkey猴子look看room房子VCD TV 第九课 bag书包 in在...里cap便帽hat礼帽color 颜色blue蓝色and和red红色的can能see看见ball球black黑色的white白色的第十课 How are you? 你好吗？fine好的OK好、可以mum妈妈dad爸爸第十一课 glad高兴banana香蕉for为、给How do you do?你好an一个apple苹果baby婴儿chick小鸡pear梨第十二课 find发现、找到sad悲伤地big大的fat胖的、肥的That's OK没关系。 yellow 颜色come来quick快miss想念第十三课 would you like 你愿意....吗 coffee n.咖啡，咖啡茶；咖啡色 coke n.可口(COCA-COLA可口可乐的缩写形) porridge n.(和牛奶或水煮成的)麦片粥 noodles pl.面条rice noodles 米粉 bun n.圆形的小面包或点心；(女子的)圆发髻 best a.最好的(good和well最高级) ad.最好地；最dim-sum 点心 piece n.(一)件/片/篇；碎块，片断vt.拼合，修补

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bun 馒头 rat老鼠 Lesson 9 bag书包 in在....里面 cap便帽 colour颜色 blue蓝色的and 和 box盒子 black黑色的 white白色的 hat礼帽 Lesson 10 Mrs 夫人 fine好的，晴朗的 mum 妈妈 nice 好的 dad 爸爸 How are you 你好吗 Lesson 11 banana 香蕉 for 为，给 baby 婴儿 apple 苹果 chick 小鸡How do you do你好 Lesson 12 can 能 find 找到 sad 悲伤的 big大的 monkey 猴子 sorry 抱歉 yellow 黄色的 That’s OK 好的，不用谢。

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第九届初中生科普英语竞赛辅导材料 LG GROUP system office room 【LGA16H-LGYY-LGUA8Q8-LGA162】

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hi (嗨) [hai] 1 hello (喂，你好) 科普小学英语第1册第1课第2个 [he?l?u] 2 Mr (先生) 科普小学英语第1册第1课第3个 [?mist?] 3 pig (猪) 科普小学英语第1册第1课第4个 [pig] 4 Miss (小姐) 科普小学英语第1册第1课第5个 [mis] 5 fox (狐狸) [f ?ks] 6 I (我) 科普小学英语第1册第1课第7个 [ai] 7 am ((我)是) 科普小学英语第1册第1课第8个 [?m] 8 cat (猫) 科普小学英语第1册第1课第9个 [k?t] 9 dog (狗) 科普小学英语第1册第1课第10个 [d ?g] 10

good (好的) [gud] 11 morning (早上) 科普小学英语第1册第2课第2个 [?m?:ni?] 12 are (是) 科普小学英语第1册第2课第3个 [ɑ:] 13 you (你，你们) 科普小学英语第1册第2课第4个 [ju:] 14 a (一个(件，张)) 科普小学英语第1册第2课第5个 [?] 15 boy (男孩) [b ?i] 16 yes (是的) 科普小学英语第1册第2课第7个 [jes] 17 no (不) 科普小学英语第1册第2课第8个 [n ?u] 18 girl (女孩) 科普小学英语第1册第2课第9个 [g ?:l] 19 nice (令人愉快的) 科普小学英语第1册第3课第1个 [nais] 20

meet (遇到，碰见) [mi:t] 21 too (也) 科普小学英语第1册第3课第3个 [tu:] 22 my (我的) 科普小学英语第1册第3课第4个 [mai] 23 name (名字) 科普小学英语第1册第3课第5个 [neim] 24 is (是) 科普小学英语第1册第3课第6个 [iz] 25 goodbye (再见) [?gud?bai] 26 bye (再见) 科普小学英语第1册第3课第8个 [bai] 27 your (你(们)的) 科普小学英语第1册第4课第1个 [j ?:] 28 please (请) 科普小学英语第1册第4课第2个 [pli:z] 29 sit (坐) 科普小学英语第1册第4课第3个 [sit] 30

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②Hello“喂，你好（感叹句）”，常用于打招呼，也作为打电话用语。如：-Hello, Xiaoming. 你好，小明。 -Hello, Lili. 你好，丽丽。 hello：hello，hello表感叹，译为“你好”等于hi，见面打个招呼说“Hello!”人人夸我有礼貌。

⑥⑦pig fox ③pig意为“猪（名词）”，它的复数形式为pigs。 ④fox意为“狐狸（名词）”，它的复数形式为foxes。 ⑤I'm是I am的缩写形式，意思为“我是……”，用来介绍自己。 ⑥cat意为“猫（名词）”，复数形式为cats。如：I have a cat.我有一只猫。 ⑦dog意为“狗（名词）”，复数形式为dogs。如：I have two dogs.我有两只小狗。 cat：名词当作猫咪记，会抓老鼠又淘气，去掉字母c换成h，名词当作礼帽记。

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Lesson 1 hi 嗨hello 你好pig 猪I 我am 是a 一个cat猫dog狗Lesson 2 are是you你（们）yes是的Mr 先生no不Miss小姐Good morning 早上好 Lesson 3 too 也my 我的name 名字is 是goodbye 再见bye 再见Nice to meet you 很高兴遇见你 Lesson 4 what 什么your你（们）的please请sit 坐down 向下sit down 坐下 Lesson 5 how 多久，如何old 老的，旧的，....岁的five 五one一nine 九ten 十 Lesson 6 not 不panda熊猫duck 鸭子bear 熊it 它thank 谢谢letter 信，字母Thank you谢谢 Lesson 7 bird 鸟fish 鱼look 看the 这个fat 肥胖的hen母鸡bee 蜜蜂frog 青蛙 Lesson 8 this 这个an一个egg鸡蛋red红色hot热的that那个bun

馒头rat老鼠 Lesson 9 bag书包in在....里面cap便帽colour颜色blue蓝色的and 和box盒子black黑色的white白色的hat礼帽 Lesson 10 Mrs 夫人fine好的，晴朗的mum 妈妈nice 好的dad 爸爸How are you 你好吗 Lesson 11 banana 香蕉for 为，给baby 婴儿apple 苹果chick 小鸡How do you do你好 Lesson 12 can 能find 找到sad 悲伤的big大的monkey 猴子sorry 抱歉yellow 黄色的That’s OK 好的，不用谢。

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竞赛组委会向获奖学生个人颁发证书，向获奖团体颁发奖牌。奖项类别奖项设置评选依据个人奖设一等奖暨最佳口试奖6名依据复赛与决赛口试成绩综合评定根据A、B组，分设二、三等奖依据复赛成绩评定团体奖设团体一、二、三等奖依据各区县各学校参赛人数及成绩综合评定优秀辅导教师奖设优秀辅导教师奖依据一、二、三等奖获奖学生评定区县组织奖设优秀组织奖依据各区县获奖人数及参赛人数综合评定五、本规程修改和解释权属本届竞赛组委会。上海市科技艺术教育中心 2012年4月

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