unit2语言点详解牛津版必修一.doc

Translation of the Reading

1.Growing up can be difficult. （p21）成长不容易。

growing up是动名词短语作主语。

1）动名词的被动结构为being done。

2） Sb/s/sb. doing是动名词的复合结构，可在旬中作主语或宾语。

3）动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

?Saying is one thing, doing is another.

?Finding a good place to live continues to be one of the man's most urgent problems. ?Seeing is believing?

%1Tom's returning so soon surprised me.

?Dancing is great fun.

?Reading English is easier than speaking it.

⑦It is no use arguing with him.

grow up成长，长人growinto长成，发展成grow out of产生自；戒掉；穿不下了can用于肯定句表示有时会；可能（理论上的可能性）。

can通常用于否定旬和疑问句示推测和可能。

?Lightning can be dangerous.

%1Even expert drivers can make mistakes.

%1Smoking can cause cance匚

@The story can't be true.

2.Do you have to turn up your music so loud? （p21）你非得把音乐声调得这么大吗？

turn up 旋大;开大。Turn the radio up a little. It's too low.

1）（人）露面，至lJ;（物）突然出现，被发现；（事）突然发生He suddenly turned up at the meeting. He turns up late for everything. Your lost pen will surely turn up one day.

2）卷起（衣袖等）；向上折加皿up the sleeves卷起衣袖（喻）准备行动（或工作）turn up the ends of one s trousers港起裤腿

3） turn sb up 使某人作呕 / 难受〃turns me up to think of children being made to suffer.

4）挖翻（泥土）;挖到，找到如71 up the soil; turn up a word in a dictionary

3.I told you to be home by 6 o'clock and now it's 7 o'clock. ( p21 )我让你6点前至家，可是现在都7点了。

by

prep, before/not later than在..... 之前。by常用來表示时间的终点，有时可译为"到..... 时为止。”强调动作的完成时，by短语常与过去完成时及将來完成时连用。

[c.f.J by, before, until表示时间

by在... 之前，不迟于，到.... 时止；before在 ... 之前；until直到，用于肯定句中表

示某动作一直延续到until短语所指的时间为止，用于否定句小，则表示某动作直到until短语所表示的时间时才发生。

%1By the age of July, he had taught himself advanced maths.

%1By the end of July, I'll have read all those books.

%1Maybe by tomorrow morning the weather will have cleared up.

@Can you pay me back by Friday?

%1He ought to be here by this time.

%1By 1940, the number had grown to 98,500.

%1My father has been so busy with his work recently and never come home before 10pm.

?F11 have to keep writing until 12 (/clock?

4.Don't you think this is a waste of time? (p21)难道你不认为这是浪费时间吗？

a waste of...浪费....

It's a waste of ...doing sth.做某事是浪费.....

waste .?.on /over sth.在... 上浪费....

waste...(in/on)doing sth.浪费..... 做某事

%1It's a waste of time waiting any longer

%1Much energy is wasted producing things that are thrown away.

%1Youlc wasting your time trying to persuade him. He'll never join us.

?She wasted too much money on those books.

⑤Haste makes waste.(谚)欲速则不达.

5.When you have a problem and want to talk to someone, who do you choose to talk to? (p21)

当你有问题想跟人谈一谈时，你售欢跟谁谈呢？

choose v.选择；决定；喜欢；宁愿

%1You may choose what you like.

%1I had to choose between the two.

(3)1 want to choose her a nice present.—} want to choose a nice present for her.

?There are many types to choose from?

⑤He chose to stay home while all the others went to the cinema.

@We chose her as/for/to be monitor.

?He chose that his son should change his school.

%1I haven't chosen what to do next.

?Choose correct one from the following?

⑩He couldn 7 choose but give up the chance?

6.Mom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier than expected. (p22)妈妈和爸爸比预期的早i天度假回来。

the summer / winter vacation 暑 / 寒彳及take a vacation 休假

three weeks of vacation 3 周的假

on vacation (在)度假

vacation假期，指正式规定的较长的假期，不指假II或节日。

%1He has gone to Italy on vacation.

%1Where are you going for your vacation?

%1Tm going to take a vacation on the Golden Beach next month.

%1No one goes to school during the vacation.

[c.fjholiday, leave

“holiday既可以指假期(也可川复数)，也可指节假H o

2)leave休假,准假,多指政府部门机关,尤指部队的休假。

expect预想，预期，料想than expected比预料的as expected如预料的那样?There are more people present than expected.

%1The film was not interesting as expected?

7.1 can't wait to surprise the boys. (p22)我都等不及要讣孩子们人吃一，惊了。

%1Til wait fot you at the station.

%1I have been waiting to hear from you.

%1Let's wait here for the rain to stop.

%1I cant wait to see her again.

%1Wait your turn. Don't cut in on the queue?

8.Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly.(p22)埃里克跑进来追球, 后而跟着一只走得慢腾腾的狗。

%1A dog is running after a rabbit?

%1We're running out of fresh water.

%1Our food will soon run out.

%1The car ran into a tree?

followed by...过去分词短语作伴随或方式状涪，表示被动含义。

现在分词短语作伴随或方式状语时表示主动意味，即表示该动作是前面主语发出来的。

%1The boy spent the night locked in the room.

%1He sat in the comer of the room, crying sadly.

walking very slowly为现在分词短语作定语。

现在分词作定语时表示主语的概念或动作的进行。单个分词作定语多放于被修饰名词前，分词短语则置于被修饰词后。

1)被修饰的词是“特指”名词时，该现在分词只能表示动作的进行。

2)被修饰的词是“特指”名词，而修饰它的定语所表示的动作与谓语动作所表示的动作不是同时发生的，此时该定语虽表示主动意味，也不能使用现在分词矩语，而应使用定语从句。

%1Do you know the boy (who is) lying under the big tree?

%1The girl (who is) sitting on the right is the professor^ daughter.

?China is a developing country.

?There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.

%1The boy who brings milk has been ill for a week.

@The officer who left yesterday has come again.

⑦The girl who won the first prize in the composition contest is my sister.

9.You're back early! (looking around the room, sounding frightened) (p22)你们早回来了!(环顾房间，听起來冇点害怕)

%1That sounds strange?

%1He sounds like someone I used to work with.

%1He looks as if he had slept very badly.

%1She looks young/ old for her age?

@Your hand feels cold.

⑦The dish tastes delicious.

?The flower smells fine.

%1It looks like rain. /It looks as if it is going to rain.

frightened(frighten)^到害怕的,害怕的，frightening吓人的,令人害怕的

1)?ed形式多川來修饰人，描述人的声音、表情或感受；

2)-ing形式则多用來修饰事物，描述事物的状态或性质。

CDHe was frightened to death when he heard the news?

%1He was frightened by the frightening noise.

10.But, but...you weren't supposed to come home until tomorrow! (p22) 但但?是....... 你们应该明天才到家。

be supposed to

1）表示按照义务、规则，规律或约定“理应，应该”。

2）被认为，被看作是

be supposed to do常用來表示"本应该（发牛-而实际上并未发牛）”，有时也可使用be supposed to have done表示过去木应发牛?而实际未发生的事。be not supposed to意为"不应当”。

%1He is supposed to amve before six o'clock?

%1You were supposed to finish your homework on time.

%1The speaker is supposed to be excellent.

%1We were supposed to arrive at six. But weTe late.

%1He was supposed to have told me about it.

?Business is not as good as it was supposed to be.

@You re supposed to have done it by now?

11.The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone, but Spot looks so hungry! （p22）你应该用来买狗食的钱不见了，但Spot却一副饿相。

were to在此表示过去的汁划和安排。was/were to还可表示纯过去将来时的意义。be to do 结构常用来表示计划;安排;指示;命令或耍求等，它也可以表示可能性或注定耍发生的事情。提示:be to nJ"用于条件状语从句中,表示"想要” （should/want to）o

?Their daughter is to be married soon.

%1The cinema was to close the scond day.

%1No one is to leave the building?

%1You are to be back by 10 o'clock.

%1The headmaster says you are to come at once?

%1If you are to see him, you must come early?

be gone: gone在句中作表语表示状态。gone形式上为过去分词，但它常被用作形容词，作表语或补足语，表示“离开了的；（时间）过去了；（物）不见了，用完了，消逝了”等意。

%1How long do you think you'll be gone?

?When I came back, my car was gone.

(3)Just a pain in my chest. Its gone now.

%1Cone are the days when we used foreign oil.

12.What did you do with the money we left? (p22)你用我们留卜的钱做了什么？

do with与... 相处;容忍(与can连用)；处理；以... 勉强对付过去。what在句中作do的宾语。

?He is pretty difficult to do with.

%1I can't do with his rudeness.

(3)What should I do with the table?

deal with表示"处理”常与疑问词how连用；而do with常与what连用。

13.The room is a mess, with pizza boxes lying on the floor and dishes piled in the sink. (p22)

房间里一团糟，比萨饼盒子在地板上，碗碟堆在洗碗池里。

a mess: a dirty mass of thing; dirty and disorder condition

%1Look what a mess yoif ve made of your dress?

%1The children made a terrible mess in the living room.

%1My life is (in) a mess (乱七八糟;脏透；处境狼狈).

?You've made a mess "(把.... 弄得乱七八糟；打乱)the job.

lying on the floor与piled in the sink为分词短语在句屮对前面的名词boxes和dishes进行补充说明。现在分词短语表示一?个主动的动作，而过去分词短语则表示一个被动的动作。with+c.o?常可用来表示状态，原因常见结构如r：

［分词

形容词

with+n./pron.+ Q介诃短语

副词

不定式

I名词

%1He fell asleep with all the windows closed?

%1With the guide leading the way, we got out of the forest without any difficulty?

%1He stood there with his hand in his pocket.

%1They sat in silence with the light on for half an hour.

%1With no one to talk to, he felt bored.

@She died with her son （being） yet a school boy.

14.Listen to me young man---remember the day when we left you in charge? （p22）听我说年轻人——还记得我们托付你掌管家务的那一天吗？

remember...?相当于Do you still remember...?注意读时句尾用升调，表示疑问语气。when 在此引导定语从句，修饰表示时间的名词day, when在定语从句中作时间状语，也nJ换为on which c

leave在句中表示“使或讣……（处于某种状态）”后跟复合宾语。能作其宾语补足语的除

了介词短语之外，还可以是形容词、副词、分词、名词等。

Note: leave也可用于leave sb. to do结构,表示“让某人处理某事”,即to do形式表达的是主语冇意识的冃的。而用doing作宾补时，doing形式表达的不一定是主语要达到的冃的。CD Don't leave her waiting in the rain.

%1He seemed to have left something imsaid.

%1Don't leave all the lights on.

%1The parents died, leaving the boy an orphan.

%1I left him to explain it to them.

%1They often leave the child alone at home.

1） make/have/let sb. do slh.让/使某人做某事，强调主动性和目的性（make和let后不用-ing 形式作宾补）。

2） keep sb doing让某人一直做某事。不能用to do形式作keep的宾补。

in charge掌管，负责；在句中作you的补足语。

%1Who is in charge here?

%1He is in charge of our class ?

%1The factory is in the charge of Li Hai.

?When did you take charge of the company?

%1When she was away, he had charge of the business.

@The nurse was left in charge "(he children.

15.Daniel, wc thought you were an adult, a person from whom wc could expect good decisions...

(p22)丹尼尔，我们述以为你是一个大人了，一个我们

可以指望作出正确决定的人……

thought,用过去时表示"本以为，原本想”,注意从句时态要-一致。

%1I thought you were in Beijing?

%1I didn't know you were coming.

a person与an adull为同位关系。from w/20加…为介词from提前的定语从句,修饰先行词person o

expect: think or believe that sth. will happen or that sb./sth. will come, or that one will receive sth.预期，预料，指望

%1None of us expected it.

%1I'll expect you for supper.

%1Tm expecting his letter.

?When do you expect to be back?

%1You can't expect him to support you.

@1 expect that heTl come back soon.

?You are expected to do your duty.

⑧-Will she come? -I expect so/ not.

[c.fjexpect, hope, wish

expect等，期待，预想，预料。它侧重于指人的心理状态，指心理上的感觉或看法。

hope与wish希望，愿。陈述的是一种个人的希望和愿望，带有很强的个人感情色彩。?We expect to make a small profit this year?

②They hope that they can visit the Great Wall some day.

(3)We hope to see you soon.

@She wishes to go abroad.

⑤I wish the work to be finished quickly?

16.This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished and you... (p22,p23)

在这个家里，坏的行为就得受惩罚，而你……

where refers to 4in a family，.引导定语从句，修饰先彳『词family, where也可替换为in which□ 指代in the family?

behavior n: way of treating others; manners 行为举止，待人态度，行为方式。

behave v.(举止或行为)表现，规矩；(机器等)开动，运转behave well/baclly (towards) sb. 对待某人的态度好/坏

%1Their behaviour towards me shows that they don4 like me.

%1She behaves as if she were a child?

%1Children, please behave yourself.

%1How is your new computer behaving?

go进行；起作用；行得通

%1Her absence went unnoticed.

%1He is worried that many crimes go unreported.

%1Never allow such tendencies go untouched?

17.Eric sits on his bed looking at DanieL who has his arms crossed and looks angry. (p23)

埃里克处在他的床上看着丹尼尔，丹尼尔双臂交叉，看起來很生气。

has his arms crossed 为have /get sth. done 结构，表示：

1）使某事被做（主语冇意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能让别人做）

2）遭遇，经历（此事违背主语的意愿）

%1You'd better have that bad tooth pulled out.

%1I must have/get my homework finished first before going out to play.

%1The old woman had/got her handbag stolen.

%1He was sentenced to death and would have/get his head cut off the next day.

cross v. put or place sth across or over sth else of the same type 交叉，穿过，越过，反对n. p 字形，十字形物adj.易怒的，脾气不好的

across adv.&prep.横过，穿过，在... 另一边

%1Be careful when crossing the road?

%1He sat there with his legs crossed.

%1He crossed me in everything?

?He was crossed in his plan.

%1Put a cross where there is a mistake.

%1Don" be so cross with me!

?There9s no bridge across the river, so Fve got to swim across?

18? Maybe, but now that he has been so rude to us, I feel like we have to punish him or he won5t respect us. （p23）或许吧，但是既然他对我们这么无礼，我觉得似乎我们得惩罚他一下，否则，他不会尊重我们的。

feel like感觉起来像是；觉得像；摸上去像；想要。

%1Do you feel like parents try to force you to spend your spare time doing things you don^t like? %1I feel like a hurt animal.

%1Do you feel like taking a walk?

%1I feel like （drinking）a cup of tea.

now (that) conj. because of the fact that; since 由于，既然

?Now (that) you've passed your test you can drive on your own.

②Now that you've grown up, you must stop this childish behavior.

北师大版高中英语必修一第4讲：Unit2 Heroes-词汇篇1(学生版)

Unit 2 Heroes 词汇篇1 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 1、掌握第二单元第一课及第二课的重点单词，短语及句型。 2、灵活运用第二单元第一课及第二课的重点单词，短语及句型。 1.clam adj. 平静的，镇静的，沉着的 ①stay/keep/be calm 保持平静 ②calm (sb./sth.) down （使某人/某物）平静下来，镇静下来 易混辨析： calm, quiet, still, silent calm:“从容镇静的”，指人不激动；“风平浪静的”，指气候，海洋无风浪quiet:“安静的，宁静的”，指不吵闹或心理没有烦恼，忧虑 still:“静止的，一动不动的”，指没有运动或动作的状态 silent:“沉默无言的，寂静无声的”，指没有声音或不讲话 2.generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的，宽厚的 短语拓展： ①be generous to sb. 对某人宽容 Be generous to him. He has been ill. 对他宽容些，他一直在生病。 ②be generous with sth. （用钱等）大方 The rich man is generous with money. 那位富人出手大方。 1

③be generous in doing sth. 乐于做某事 He is generous in giving help. 他乐于助人。 ④be generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是慷慨大方的 It was generous of you to share your food with me. 你将食物与我一起分享，真大方。 3.character n. （书籍，戏剧或电影中的）人物，角色 ①n. （书籍，戏剧或电影中的）人物，角色 You have a gamer directory which identifies the gamer associated with each character. 你有一个玩家目录，它识别与每个角色相关联的玩家。 ②n. 特色，性格 The twins look like but have very different characters. 这对孪生儿长得像，但有着截然不同的性格。 ③n. （书写，印刷或计算机的）文字，字母，符号 The characters on my typewriter are too small. 我打印机上的字太小。 短语拓展： in character 符合某人的性格 out of character 不符合某人的性格 4.separate v. （使）分散，（使）分离 词汇拓展： separation n. 分开，分离 易混辨析： separate, divide separate: 只把原来连在一起或靠近的分割开来。separate...from... 把...和...分开 You should separate good apples from bad ones. 你应该把好苹果和坏苹果分开。 divide: 常指把某个整体划分成若干部分。divide...into...把...分成... The class is divided into five groups. 这个班级被分成四组。 5.found vt. 建立，创立 His family founded the college in 1985. 他的家族于1895年创办了这所大学。 温馨提示： found与find的过去式及过去分词的形式相同，found的过去式和过去分词都是founded。 6.struggle n. & v. 争斗，努力 ①n. & v. 斗争，抗争 The old man has been struggling with illness. 这位老人一直在与病魔斗争。 2

高一英语必修一Unit2-词汇讲解

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人教版高一英语必修一unit4知识点及

必修I---unit 4 I---IV Earthquakes 一、知识点 1.Now imagine there has been a big earthquake.现在，假设有一次大地震。 “There +be +主语+其它成分”结构中there为引导词，本身无意义，谓语动词按照就近一致原则。其它相似句型还有： There happen to be碰巧有 There seems/appears to be好像有 There is likely to be可能有 There may/might be也许有 There must be一定有 不可能有 There can’t be There is said/reported to be据说/据报道有 There used to be曾经有 There is sure/certain to be一定有 2. happen to. It (so) happened that… Did you hear what happened to David last night?你听说大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗?What will happen to the children if Peter and Alice break up?如果彼得和爱丽丝离婚孩子们将怎么办?

I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 It so happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 I happened to be out when he called.他来访时，恰巧我出去了。(= It happened that I was outwhen he called.) I happened on just the thing I had been looking for.我偶然发现了我所要找的东西。 3. right away毫不迟疑，立刻 He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away.他病了,你应该立即请大夫来。 4. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.裂缝里冒出臭气。 5. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。 6. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usualthat night.但是，这个城市的一百万居民都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。 7. It seemed as if the world was at an end.世界似乎到了末日。 从句表示“（ 在某人)看来好像；似乎” 看起来好像… ①It seems/looks/appears as if/though… ②Sb./Sth. looks as if/though…（ 不用seem/appear) 不用look) ③There seems/appears(to be)…（ There appears to have been a mistake. =It appears that there has been a mistake.

高中英语必修一Unit 4知识点

Unit 4 知识点总结 1.Describe to your partner what might happen to the objects in the photos. (1)sth. happen to. sb.某事发生在某人身上 e.g. Did you hear what happened to David last night? (2)happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 e.g. I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday. (3)It happened that碰巧...... I happened to be out when he called. (= It happened that I was out when he called.) 2. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. shake(v.) (shook, shaken) 1).摇动，震动 e.g. Shake the bottle before taking the medicine. 2). 使受震撼；使（信念等）动摇 e.g. They were badly shaken by the news of her death. 3).（指人）打颤，颤抖e.g. She was shaking with cold/laughter/fear/anger. shake(n.) (C 常用单数）摇动，震动 a shake of the head 摇头 拓展：shake hands with sb. = shake sb. by the hand = shake sb's hand 与某人握手shake one's head 摇头（表示否定、怀疑、悲伤、不赞成） 3. For three days the water in the village rose and fell, rose and fell. rise(vi.)“升起，升高”，（河水，物价等）上涨；提高；起身 e.g. The sun rose at seven o'clock. /The river is rising after the rain./Prices have risen steadily during the past decade. /His voice rose in excitement. /The all rose from their seats to greet us. raise(vt.) 1)抬起，举起 e.g. If you have any question, please raise your hand. 2)提高；提出；增加 e.g. He raised his voice. The price of tomatoes has been raised recently. 3)抚养；饲养 e.g. She raised a lot of chickens. 4. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. too...to结构一般表示否定含义,意为"太...以致于不能e.g. He is too old to work. 但too...to在下列情况下却表示肯定含义: 1)“never / not too …to” “不太……所以能……”。双重否定表示肯定意义。 e.g. One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 It is never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢，犹为未晚。 2) “too…not to …”这一结构表示肯定意义时，意思是“太……不会不……”。e.g. She is too kind not to help you. 她这么好，不会不帮助你的。 3)当too后的形容词是某种心理活动、情绪状态的形容词，如anxious, easy, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等时，too表示肯定意义，相当于very, extremely。 e.g. She is too easy to get angry. (4)当too前有only, but, all，just, simple 等词时，“too…to…”表示肯定意义。too 相当于very，意思是“非常；十分”。 e.g. I am only too glad to become a member of you. (5)与cannot连用表示肯定意义，意思是“越……越好；无论……也/都不过分”。 e.g. You cannot be too careful(=You can never be careful enough) to do your