中考英语about重要用法归纳

about重要用法归纳

1.表示“大约”，通常用于数字前。如：

It costs about $10.这需10美元左右。

He arrived at about 10 o’clock.他大约10点钟到达。

2.在动词know,hear, speak等之后用不用介词about,含义有差别。如：I have heard about him, but I don’t know him.我听到过一些关于他的事，但不认识他这个人。

I’ve heard of him, but I don’t know about him.我听说过他，但我不知道有关他的情况。

试比较：

He knows her.他认识她。

He knows of her.他知道有她这样一个人。

He knows about her.他知道有关她的情况。

3.be about to (do)，意为“即将”、“马上”。注意该短语不与具体的时间状语(如：soon, tomorrow,immediately等)连用。如：

We are about to leave for Beijing.我们正要动身去北京。

不说：He is about to leave here tomorrow.

注意该短语可与并列连词when(这时)连用。如：

I was (just) about to go to bed when the telephone rang.我正要上床睡觉，这时电话铃突然响了起来。

在美国英语中，be about to do sth的否定式，可表示“不愿意做某事”。如：I am not about to admit defeat.我还不想认输。

4.about和on均可表示“关于”，但about主要指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事，其谈论的内容也较为普通；而on则指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事，其论述的内容较正式或较严肃。比较：

He wrote on mathematics.他撰写数学著作。

He wrote about the school.他报道有关这所学校的情况。

It is a book on birds.那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作)

It is a book about birds.那是一本关于鸟的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书)

5.注意不要按汉语意思，在一些及物动词后误加介词about，而在一些不及物动词后该加about时却漏加。如：

他没什么不满吧？

误：He has nothing to complain, does he?

正：He has nothing to complain about, does he?

析：表示抱怨某事时，complain不及物，其后需接介词about或of再带名词或代词作宾语。(本句中about的逻辑宾语是nothing)

我们会尽快讨论此事的。

误：We'll discuss about it as soon as possible.

正：We'll discuss it as soon as possible.

析：discuss(讨论)为及物动词，后接宾语时，无需用介词。类似地，英语说considersth,而不说consider about sth；可说doubt sth,而不说doubt about sth；可说explainsth，而不说explain about sth；可说report sth，而不说report about sth；等等。

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