专业英语复习资料.doc

Unit 1

the total means available to a company for increasing production or profit,including money Jaborjnaterial,etc.(resource)资源，财力

acting or producing effectively with a minimum of waste, expense, or unnecessary effort.(efficient) 生效的

having an intended or expected effect.(effective)有效的

to put into effect;carry out.(execute)实行；执行；处夕匕

a series of steps taken to accomplish and end.(procedure) 程序，于?续；步骤

the state, quality, or fact of being responsible.(responsibility) 责任，职责；义务

given to or characterized by repetition.(repetitive) 巫复的

suitable for a particular person, condition,occasion,or place.(appropriate)适当白勺i片用; 拨出happening, exising or done at the same time.(simultaneous)同时的;联立的；同时发生的同时译员to give or apply(one9s time, attention, or self) entirely to a particular activity.(devote)致力于；奉献unit 2

an amount expended or an expense.(expendiUire)支Hh 花费：经费，消费额

a written note intended as an explanation, an illustration 、or acritism of a passage in a book or other writing; an annotation.(comment)评论；意见；批评为…作评语

a deficiency in amount; an insufficiency.(shortage)不足；缺乏，缺少

present and ready for use; at hand;accessible.(available)可利用的空闲的

a portion,piece, or segment that is representative of a whole.(sample)样本，尝试

basic or indispensable;necessary.(essential)j lZ^fKj, 基本"勺

the ability of a functional unit to perform a required function under stated conditions for a stated period of time.(reliability)可靠，性

the act or process of emerging.(emergence) L LJ IJt

to come near or nearer, as in space or time.(approach)接近

to speak, plead, or agrue in favor of .(advocate)提彳吕，主弓K

unit 3

knowledge of a specific event or situation; intelligence?(info「mation)信息，资料

a detailed list of goods shipped or services rendered, with an account of all costs; an itemized bill.(invoice)发票，货物

the c ircumstances or conditions that surround one;surroundings.(environment”不境，夕卜界

a bank employee who receive and pay out money.(teller)计票员

equality of totals in the debit ang credit sides of an account.(balance)^?!

something made up of a number of parts that are held or put together in a particular way.(structure) 构造，建筑物

a procedure for solving a proble that invoIves collection of data, processing, and presentation of results.(program)?.序，计划

the sen ding of a signal, picture, or other information from a transmitte 匸(Wan smission)传送, 传播

to divide ( a disk)into marked sectors so that it may store data.(format)版式，格式

the cimount of computer memory needed to store one character of a specified size, usually 8 bits for a microcomputer and 16 b让s for a larger computer(byte) 字节

unit 4

something foretold or predicted; a prophecy.(prediction)预言

to examine and judge carefully;app「aise.(evaluate)评彳介，彳占价

an authoritative direction to be obeyed order?(instmction)扌旨令，命令

the programs, routines, and symbolic languages that control the functioning of the hardware and direct its operation.(software)软件

a computer and the associated physical equipment directly involved in the performance of date-processing or communications functions.(ha「dwa「e)i|?算「机硬竹：

a distinguishing factor , attribute , or characteristic.(distinction)并另叽牛$性

to set down for preservation in writing or other permanent form.(record) iBSc记录

a collection of related data or program records .(file)文彳牛，档案

fundamentally distinet or different in kind; entirely dissimilar(disparate)全屏的, 不同的

a program that translates another program written in a high-level language into machine language so that it can be executed.(compiler)汇编者unit 6

1.a group of interacting，interrelated, or interdependent elements forming a complex whole.(system)系统，方法

2.a constituent element, as of a system.(comp on ent)元竹：

3.a talent or ability that has potential for development or use.(capability)性能，容量

4.the act of putting into practical effect.(implementation)安装启丿IJ, 实现

5.inherently present.(re$idenf)定居

6.a commission or an instruction to buy 5sell, or supply something.(order)定单?

7.the act of putting something to a special use or purpose.(application)应用程序

8.a place in which goods or merchandise are stored.(warehouse)仓库

9.the act or an instance of issuing something for publication, use or distribution.(release)释放，

10.forming or having the nature of a turing point; crucial or decisive.(critical)J比评的unit 11

1.a structure, such as a building, framework, or model.(construction)建筑物

2.a structure that gives shapes or support.(frame)fi??, 结*勾

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7d10432974.html,anized as or forming an institution.(institutional)制度的

4.to perceieve as being different or distinc匸(distinguish)辨另U, 区别

5.to state the precise meaning of (a word or sense of word, for example).(define)泄义，规沱

6.to form a circle or ring around; surround.(encompass)环绕，包伟I

7.capable of being but not yet in existenee; latent.(potential)潜能，潜在的

8.a state of disharmony between incompatible or antithetical persons ,ideas, or interests; a

clash.(conflict)冲突，争执

9.to calculate approximately(the amount, extent,magnitude,position, or value of something).(estimate)^计, 佔

10.to moderate(a quality or condition) in force or intensity; alleviate.(mitigate)使缓和unit 12

the act of transacting or the fact of being transacted.(transaction)X 易，事务，办理something that indicates a border or limit.(boundary上〉界线，彳也|韦I encouragement of the progress, growth, or acceptance of something.(promotion)促进，提升a properly executed and legally binding compact.(agreement)协议，同意，一致having success; flourishing.(prosperous)繁荣的，兴旺的。to make easy or easier.(facilitate)促进,帮助,使容易

to have the financial means for; be able to meet the cost of .(afford)给予，提供

the selecting of some one or something over ano ther or others.(prefere nee)优厶E 权，偏爱

to deal with or have responsibility for.(handle)处理

one empowered to act for or represent anothe匸(agent)彳弋理人

Unit 1

1.Management is the attainment of organization goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources.

管理就是通过计划、组织、领导和控制纟fl织资源，有效率有效果地实现纟R织的目标。

2.Planning defines where the organization wants to be in the future and how to get there?计划定义了组织未来要实现的蓝图以及如何去实现它。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7d10432974.html,anization failure can occur when managers are not serious about control or lack control informatio n.

当管理者不能严肃对待控制或者缺少控制信息时，组织可能失败。

4.The ultimate responsibility of managers is to achieve high performance, which is the attainment of organizational goals by using resources in an efficient and effective manne匚

管理者的根本职责是实现高绩效，而这是白效率有效果地运用资源而达成的组织日标。

5.There is no ,r peopleless n organizations, so managers must learn how to motivate, lead and communicate; they must also understand interpersonal relations and the behavior of groups of people. “无人”的组织是不存在的，所以管理者必须知道如何激励、领导和沟通，还必须理解人际关系和群体行为。

6.Managers are excellent communicators and value shapers, lighting rods to get the job done. 管理者是卓越的沟通员和价值犁造者，指挥完成工作。

7.It is now apparent that overly centralized, excessively layered, and rigid organizational structures are not always effective or efficient.

现在已经很清楚，过度集屮、过分分层，以及过于严格的组织结构并不总是有效或者有效率。8. A manager frequently reminds his or her management team of the company's goals and how well those goals are being achieved.

一位管理者不断地提醒他或她的管理团队纟R织的目标以及目标的完成情况。

9.Strategic planning is the process of developing and analyzing the organization^ mission, overall goals, general strategics, and allocating resources?

战略规划是开发和分析组织使命、总体目标、总体战略以及分配资源的过程。

lO.The purpose of the organizing functions is to make the best use of the organization's resources to achieve organizational goals?组织职能的目的是为了充分地利用组织的资源去实现其目标。

Unit 2

l.As used in a broader sense, statistics refers to the statistical tools used to collect, present, analyze, and interpret data for the purpose of making more effective decisions.

广义地讲，所谓统计就是为了做出有效的决策而用于收集、提出、分析、解释数据的统计工

具。

2.Statistical thinking is necessary not only for efficient citizenship, but also for effective decision making in various factes of business.

统计思想不仅对于有效率的公民适用，对于在企业经营的各个层面做出有效决策也是必要的。

3.W. Edwards. Deming, noted statistician and quality control expert, insisted that we should start statistics education before high school.

w ?爱徳华兹?戴明——著名的统计和质量管理专家——坚持认为人们在屮学Z前就应该开始统计教育。

4.Just as attorneys have "rules of evidence'1 and accountants have "commonly accepted practices", persons dealing with numerical data follow some standard guidelines.

正如律师有“关于证据的法规”，会计师有“通常接受的惯例” 一样，处理数字数据的人也遵循一些标准的指南。

5.Masses of unorganized numerical data, such as the census of population, are of little value as is, however, statistical techniques are available to organize this type of data into a meaningful form.

大量未加T的数字数据，例如人口普杳，原数据室友很少的价值，然而，运用统计方法可把这类数据加工成一个有意义的形式。

6.To infer something about a population, we usually take a sample from the population.

为了推断一个总体的某些情况，人们通常从总体屮选取一个样木。

7.Much of the appeal of statistical method is that they allow us to describe, predict, and sometimes control the world around us.

大部分统计方法的引人z处在于它们允许人们描述、预测、并且有时控制周围的世界。

8?Information developed through the use of statistics has enhanced our studying of how life works, helped us learn about each other, allow control over some societal issues, and helped individuals make informed decisions.

通过使用统计加工的信息己经提高了人们对生活如何运作的研究，帮助了人们了解彼此，允许对一些社会问题进行控制，并且帮助个人做出明智的决策。

9.A representative sample can be used to make inferences about a larger population, but descriptive statistical inference because the truth is known.

一个代表性样木能用来做出关于较大总体推论，但是只有描述统计能得出对没有代表样木的有用结果。

10.When the individuals measured constitute the whole population, there is no need for statistical inference because the truth is known.

当被测量的个体构成了整个总体，就没有统计推断的必要了，因为事实己经知道了。

Unit 3

1.AI1 information , from train schedules to discount-price goods, will be as close as the press of a key. 所有信息，从火车时刻表到打折商品，只需按一下按钮就能得到。

2.The children have a happy environment at school.

孩子们在学校有一个快乐的环境。

3.The manufacturer invoiced our company for two typewriters?

制造厂商给我公司开了一张两部打字机的发票。

4.My accounts balanee for the first time this year!

我的账上今年第一次岀现了收支平衡。

5.The Eiffel Tower is one of the most famous structures in the world?

埃菲尔铁塔是世界上最著名的建筑物2—。

6.Please program the computer to do the job instead of manual operation.

请给电脑编制一个程序做这项工作以代替手工操作。

7.The binary system of numbers is used in digital computers. 数字计算机都使用二进制数字系统。

8.the motherboard is main board of a computer, usually containing the circuitry for the central processing unit, keyboard, and monitor and often having slots for accepting additional circuitry.

计算机的主板，通常包括为CPU供电的电路系统、键盘和控制器，并且通常包括联接外部电路系统的插槽。

9.Programmers use the term ''data structures11 to describe various ways to organize data within a program.

程序员用术语“数据结构”来描述在一个程序屮组织备种数据的方法。

10.At what rate does the dollar conveil into pounds?

美元以什么汇率兑换成英镑？

Unit 4

1 .The research project has only been under way for three months, so its too early to evaluate its success?

这个研究项目进行了不到三个月，所以要对它的成绩做出评价为时尚早。

2.The firm decided to computerize its wages department.

公司决定用电脑管理发薪部门的丁?作。

3.The boss gave me so many instructions at one time that I got muddled up.

老板一下子给了我那么多指示，把我弄得糊里糊涂。

4.He isn't particularly clever but industrious.

他并不特别聪明，但很勤奋。

5.New settlers came in increasing numbers?

新来的移民口益增多。

6.The local library is a valuable resource?

当地图书馆是一个宝贵的资源。

7.The committee discussed strategic marketing factors. 委员会讨论了至关重要的市场因素。

8.These difficulties tire caused by natural disasters.

这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的。

9.There are three options open to us in that matter.

在这个问题上我们有三个选择。

10.This information will be less confusing if its produced in tabular form.

这一信息如果制成表格，就不大容易让人混淆。

Unit 6

1.ERP attempts to integrate all departments and functions across a company onto a single computer system that can serve all those different departments* particular needs?

ERP试图隸合公司所有部门和职能到单个电脑系统上，这个系统能服务于所有不同部门各自的特定需要。

2.People don't like to change, and ERP asks them to change how they do their jobs? That is why the value of ERP is so hard to pin down.

人们不喜欢改变，而ERP则要求人们改变其做工作的方式，这就是人们无法忽视ERP价值的原因。

3.To get the most from the ERP software, you have to get people inside your company to adopt the work methods outlined in the software?

为了从使用ERP中获得最多好处，你不得不让你的公司内的人采用软件里描述的T作方法。4.Even if a company installs ERP software for the so-called right reasons and everyone can agree on the optimal definition of a customer, the inherent difficulties of implementing something as complex as ERF is like teaching an elephant to do hootchy?kooichy.

尽管一家公司为所谓正确的原因安装ERP软件，并且每个人都对一个用户的最佳定义达成 -?致意见，但是实现如ERP 一样复杂的事物的内在难度就像教一-头大象跳舞那么困难。

5.ERP helps the manufaciuring process flow more smoothly, and it improves visibility of the order fulfillment process inside the company.

ERP帮助生产过稈运转更平稳，并改进公司内部订单完成过稈的可见度。

6?Don't expect to revolutionize your business with ERP. It is a navel-gazing exercise that focuses on optimizing the way things are done internally rather than on customers, suppliers and partners?不要期望用ERP彻底改革你的业务。关注于优化公司内部做事的方式，而不是关注顾客、供应商和合作伙伴，是目光狭隘的行为。

7.Needless to say, the move to ERP is a project of breathtaking scope, and the price tags on the front end are enough to make the most placid CFO a little twitchy.

当然，运作ERP将是一项惊人的的工程，即使最镇定的怦席财务官也为前期的标价而紧张。8.We have treated ERPs as projects, with the assumption that someday the projects would end. But an entertprise system is not a project. It's a way of life.

我们一直将ERP当作项目来对待，认为它总有结束的那一天，但是一个金业系统不是一个工程，它是一种生活方式。

9.Even if an o「ganization could declare final victory on implementation of ERPs, many additional years could be spent in getting real business value from them.

即使一个纟fl织能对ERP系统的实施宣布最后的胜利，它也可能投入另外的许多年时间来获取其真正的业务价值。

10.Just as courtships and honeymoons are different from marriages, living with ERP system will be different from installing them.

正如求爱和蜜月不同于婚姻一样，真正接受ERP系统和安装上ERP系统也不是一冋事。

Unit 11

1 .The scientific management method has brought about.....

科学的管理方法已经给我厂的生产带来了许多变化。

2.Can you distinguish between those two kinds of management?

你能区分那两种管理吗？

3.Project management is mission-oriented and its....

项目管理是面向任务的，它不同于一般的企业管理。

4.A business can't do well without??…

没有好的管理，生意是不可能做好的。

5.This is a government-funded irrigation project.

这是一项由政府岀资的灌溉工程。

6.The project organization was dismissed when the ??…

任务完成后，项目组成就解散了。

7.She's very capable and has become quite .........

她很能干，已成了公司里少不了的人。

8.The time, labor and cost required for the whole ??…

整个T稈需要的时间、人工和费用也许比估计的要少些。

9.Project management and the general management ??…

项目管理和一般的企业管理有许多相似之处。

10.Funds are essential to the completion of the project?

要完成这项工作，资金必不可少。

Unit 12

1 Electronic commerce is an emerging concept that.....

电了商务是一种新的概念，它描述了通过计算机网络（包M internet）,进行买卖、交换商品、

服务与信息的过稈。

2.Electronic commerce enables more individuals to work at home and ??…

电了商务使更多的个人能够在家丁?作并且做较少的旅行购物，这使得道路交通更通畅，空气污染程度也更低。

3.The advent of sailing ships in ancient times..…

古代帆船的出现和以后的一些发明，如印刷术、蒸汽机以及电话等改变着人们处理商业交易的方式。

4.Although E-commerce has increased the speed of delivery??…

尽管电了商务提高了配送商品与服务的速度，但对有些商品销售，电了商务则无能为力。

5.An intranet is a corporate network that functions??…

内联网是企业组织内部网,它使用internet技术，诸如浏览器与Internet协议。

6.Electronic commerce is sharing business information, ........

电子商务通过电信网络共享商业信息，保持商务关系，并且进行商业交易。

7.The growth of electronic commerce will depend on better.??…

电了商务的发展将依赖更好的付费系统，更为重要的是，顾客对网络安全的信心。

8.Virtual travel agencies will offer you almost all the .........

虚拟旅行中介能够提供几乎所有传统旅行中介可以提供的服务，从有关旅行信息，到预约和购买旅行所需的门票、住宿及娱乐。

9.1ntemet electronic commerce provides customers with the .........

因特网电了商务为用户提供定制由商人提供的大多数产品或者服务的机会。

lO.Electronic commerce is very much seen as the core driver behind the??…

电了商务更多被视为躲在信息经济发展麻面的核心驱动力，是大多数利润的来源。

Unit 1

所有组织都是为了实现一定的意图或H标而存在的，而管理者有责任柴合并运川组织资源以保证实现纟fl织目标。管理层通过分配给员丁备项任务来推进组织朝其意图火目标迈进。如果这些活动被有效的设计，那么每位员工的生产成果将有助于報个组织目标的实现。管理层尽全力地激励那些能保证组织目标实现的个人活动，并打击那些会阻碍目标实现的个人行为。

“对于管理来说，没有比实现目标更重要的事情，管理离开了其目标将没有意义。”因此，管理者必须将组织的目标时刻谨记在心。

Unit 2

管理者经常依赖统计分析做决策。一切管理决策问题都是从一个现实世界问题开始，然后对这个问题管理术语技进行阐述，将其构造成为一个管理问题。接着，管理问题转化为统计问题，通过样木数据的收集和分析，统计问题得以解答。再下一步则使用这个统计答案来得出管理管理问题的答案。这个管理问题的答案可能建议对最初的管理问题重新架构，也可能暗示一个新的管理问题，或者是引导出对管理问题的解决方法。

Unit 3

大机构的全部媒介都依赖于信息技术。想一想像英国煤气公司、英国电信、电力和水公司每月不得不用手丁计算、处理数百力客户账单的情形吧！如果那样，无疑所用的办公精力将使其很难获得利润。相似的观点也适用于许多其他机构，如大街银行、屮央和地方政府。

Unit 4

今天，通过提供对随时所需信息（而不是预先设定的定期报告）的访问，MIS变得更灵活。用户通常可以通过选择数据的子集（如列出上月销售额增加2%的产品）、使用不同的排序选项（如按销伟区域、按销售员、按最大销售量）及不同的显示方式（图形化、表格化）来得到风用户化的报告。

Unit 6

ERP在金融、人力资源、制造和仓储方面征服了老的独立的电脑系统，并且用一个单独的统一标准的软件程序替换了它们，这个软件程序被分解为大致接近老的独立系统的软件模块。现在，金融、制造和仓储都仍然拥有它们自己的软件，只是这些软件被联结在一起，以便让金融部门的人可以浏览仓库软件，杏看一个订货是否已经装运。

Unit 11

功能用户需求根据数据、系统性能、安全以及系统的可维护性来正式定义和描述。对全部需求进行了非常详细充分的规定，以便系统开发。全部需求必须是可度量和可测量的，并且涉及在初始阶段所确定的业务要求和时机。

Unit 12

因特网和力维网提供了能够促进电了商务发展的机制。实际和计划的因特网的增长率和使用表明电子衙务不是短暂的时尚，而是企业与企业，企业与顾客2间相互作用方式的一种基木变化。电子商务是因特网出现所带来影响的最重要的方面它允许人们即时交换商品和服务，不受时间和距离的阻碍。无论片天或晚上的任何时刻，人们都能上网购买想要的任何东西。

最新土木工程专业英语期末复习题

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第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分： 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专着monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引 101 题目title 102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词Subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署

土木工程专业英语

non-destructive test 非破损检验 non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙 non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱 non—uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数 normal concrete 普通混凝土 normal section 正截面 notch and tooth joint 齿连接 number of sampling 抽样数量 O obligue section 斜截面 oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝 one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab “单向板” open web roof truss 空腹屋架， ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28) ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29) orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝(61) outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57) outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57) over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58) overlap 焊瘤(62) overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10) P padding plate 垫板(52) partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(61) partition 非承重墙(7) penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60) percentage of reinforcement 配筋率(34) perforated brick 多孔砖(43) pilastered wall 带壁柱墙(42) pit·凹坑(62) pith 髓心(?o) plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24) plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32) plane structure 平面结构(11) plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5) plank 板材(65) plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58) plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56) plastic hinge·塑性铰(13) plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数

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Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 (air) void ration（土）空隙比 albery壁厨，壁龛 a l mery壁厨，贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability (placeability) 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃 tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt (malthoid) 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀，麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学 formwork 模板（工程） shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation独立基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基 box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab单向板 window blind 窗帘sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护 watertight concrete 防水混凝土 white cement白水泥 separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱 fire rating耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick标准砖

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[2]Therefore,the selection and proportioning of materials for the concrete mixture was governed primarily by consid eration of the spread of construction by slip-forming and durability of hard ened concrete to the hostil e environment.所以,混凝土材料和配比的选择主要考虑滑模施工速度的影响,以及不利环境中坚硬混凝土耐久性的影响. [3]Depe nding on the components’ transportation cost, in certain geographical locations the price of concrete may be as high as U.S. 75 to $100 per cubic meter, at other it may be as low as U.S. $60 to $70 per cubic meter. 根据材料的运输成本,在某些特定地区,水泥的价格会高达每立方米75至100美元,而在其他地方则会低至每立方米60至70美元. [4]Since an adequate concrete cover on reinforcement or tendons is required for structural integrity in reinforced and prestressed concrete structures, the protection against failure due to excessive heat is provid ed at the same time. 由于在钢筋混凝土和预应力钢筋混凝土结构中,要求有一个足够结实的混凝土封面来确保建筑的一体性,所以,同时还要求必须提供因温度过高而导致失败的保护措施. 三单元 3.1.1 The placement location of the steel reinforcement within the concrete is specified by the concrete cover, which is the clear distance between the surface of the concrete and the reinforcement. 混凝土中加固钢筋的布置要根据混凝土覆盖层的具体情况决定，混凝土覆盖层和加固钢筋之间应保持有条理的间距。 3.1.2To construct concrete structures of even greater structural strength, very high-strength steel such as Grade 270 strands, may be used instead of Grade 60 reinforcement bars. 要建造更为坚固的混凝土结构，就要使用强度非常高的钢筋，例如，要使用270号得加固钢筋，而不是60号得。 3.1.3Therefore,designs that replicate member sizes and simplify reinforcement placement to result in easier and faster construction will usually result in being more economical than a design that achieves minimum material quantities. 因此，那些复制了构件尺寸和简化钢筋位置的设计能促使更容易更快捷的建设，这样的建设通常会比那些只能获得最小量材料的设计显得更经济 3.1.4The final design will generally be conservative even though the analysis does not refl ect the actual nonlinear structural behavior because member design is based on ultimate strength design and the ductility of reinforced concrete enable force redistributions. 最终的设计通常是保守的，即使这种分析没有表现出实际上的非线性结构行为，但因为构件设计是建立在极限强度基础之上，而且钢筋混凝土的延展性又使强度进行了重新分配。 力矩： moment 轴力：axial force 剪力：shear force 扭矩：torsion 构件：member 内力：internal force 混凝土隔板：concrete diaphragm 3.3what design criteria is for reinforced concrete ？ Safety 、Aesthetics 、functional requirement 、economy 。 第六单元 6-1 The vertical l egs and the horizontal links are themselves frames with large dimensions in the plane of the frame. 垂直支架和水平连接的自身就是在一个平面结构上拥有巨大尺寸的框架结构 6-2 the corner truss legs need strong horizontal connections at frequent modular intervals to make them function together like an equival ent cantil ever 为了使角落桁架支柱的功能等效于等效悬臂，它需要强有力的有频繁模块化间隔的横向连接来保证 6-3 the aerodynamic behaviour was greatly assisted by the apertures which reduced the cross-wind accelerations and forces due to vortex shed ding by as much as 25% 由于涡脱落多达25％从而降低了风切变加速度和力的孔大大增强了空气动力性能。 6-4 this framing resulted from the concept of a tetrahedral framed solid form where all the non-essential el ements were eliminated to create the tube and the external shaping of it 这个框架源于一个四面体框架固体状的概念，这种框架形式的所有的非基本要素被淘汰来创造管与它的外部塑造。 第七单元 7.1Design process involves the selection and or detailing of the components that make up the structural system . 设计过程包括组成结构系统元件的选择和细节设计。 7.2Two components of reaction are d eveloped in hinged support and three reaction component , one moment and two forces parallel to horizontal and vertical axis are developed in fixed support . 铰支座产生2中构件反作用力，固定支座能产生3中反作用力，即1个弯矩，以及两种分别与水平轴和纵轴平行的力。 7.3Structural analysis comprises the set of physical laws and mathematics required to study and predict the behavior of structures . The subjects of structural analysis are

土木工程专业英语词汇汇总

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一、选择填空20% 1. Between the buildings （ B ）a secondary school. A. stand B. stands C. to stand D. standing 2. Neither I nor he （ B ） fond of music. A. am B. is C. are D. were 3.The laws that （ A ）how the buildings maybe made are building codes. A. tell B. ells C. told D. telling 4.It is expensive （ C ）future cities on the sea. A build B. built C. to build D. builds 5.The（ A ）cements are widely used on the construction site. A.above-mentioned B.above-mentioning C.above-mention D.above-mentions 6.The production of steel has been increased （ B）70%. A.in B.by C.at D.on 7.Let’s discuss only such questions （ C ）concern everyone of us. A.which B.that C.as D.those 8.He has to know（ D ）strong the materials are. A. that B.what C.which D. how 9.The Great Wall of China is the biggest structure（ A ）man has ever built.

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Part IＶ:CｏmｍｏｎｌｙUsｅd ＰrofesｓionalＴerms ｏf Civil Eｎgｉｎｅeｒｉｎｇ ｄevelopment orｇａnizａtion 建设单位 deｓigｎoｒganｉzａtｉｏn 设计单位 ｃｏnstrucｔｉｏn oｒganizatｉoｎ施工单位 reiｎforced concreｔe钢筋混凝土 piｌｅ桩 stｅｅl ｓtructuｒｅ钢结构 aｌumiｎium aｌlｏy 铝合金 maｓonｒｙ砌体（工程）reinforcｅd~ 配筋砌体 lｏaｄ-bearｉng～承重砌体ｕnreinfoｒced ~非配筋砌体 peｒmissiｂlｅstress(ａlloｗablｅsｔress) 容许应力 pｌywood 胶合板 ｒｅtainiｎg waｌl挡土墙 finiｓｈ装修 finishing ｍatｅrial装修材料 vｅｎｔilaｔion 通风 ｎａturaｌ~ 自然通风 meｃhaｎｉcal~ 机械通风 diａphrａgm waｌl (contｉnuｏus cｏｎcrｅte ｗａll)地下连续墙 villa 别墅 mｏmｅnt of inｅrtiａ惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stｒesｓ应力noｒmａl ～法向应力ｓｈeaｒ~ 剪应力 strain应变 ageｈardｅning 时效硬化 air-conｄiｔioniｎg ｓyｓtｅｍ空调系统 (aｉr)vｏid ｒation(土）空隙比 albery壁厨，壁龛 a l merｙ壁厨，贮藏室 aｎchoｒage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 arcｈitｅｃturaｌapｐearance 建筑外观 aｒchitectural ａrea 建筑面积 arｃhitectural ｄesign 建筑设计 fiａshinｇ泛水 woｒkaｂｉlity （pｌａceabiliｔy) 和易性 safeｔyｇlａss安全玻璃 tempered glasｓ(reinfｏｒｃed glａss) 钢化玻璃 fｏamed glａsｓ泡沫玻璃 asｐhalt沥青 fｅｌt(malｔhｏid）油毡 rivｅｔed connecｔion 铆接 welｄing焊接

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