选择
一、英国政府
1. It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy in the world. T
2. The oldest institution of government in Britain is the Monarchy. T
3.The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. F
4. The term “parliament” was first officially used in 1066 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns. F
5. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T
6. Britain, like Israel, has a written constitutions of the sort which most countries have. F
7. Common laws are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts. T
II. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of British government?
A. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.
B. It is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.
C. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.
D. It has no written form of Constitution.
2. Which of the following kings was executed in the civil war?
A. James I
B. James II
C. Charles I
D. Charles II
3. What happened in 1215?
A. It was the year of Norman Conquest in British history.
B. Forced by barons, King John signed the Magna Carta. 大宪章
C. Henry IV granted the Commons the power to review money grants.
D. King Egbert united England under his rule.
4. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?
A. James II
B. William of Orange
C. Oliver Cromwell
D. George I
5. Which of the following is Not related to the Constitution?
A. It is a written document which lists out the basic principles for government.
B. It is the foundation of British governance today.
C. Conventions and Laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution.
D. The common laws are part of the Constitution.
6. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
A. They are no legal restraints upon Parliament.
B. Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.
C. Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.
D. Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.
7. Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s role?
A. The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.
B. The Queen symbolizes the tradition and the Cabinet.
C. The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.
D. The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.
8. Which of the following is Not a feature of the House of Lords?
A. Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings.
B. It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.
C. The Lords are expected to present the interests of the public.
D. Most of the Lords in the House of Lords are male.
III. Fill in the blanks
1. The doctrine of the“divine right of kings” held that the soverign derived his authority from___not from___.
2. In 1215, some feudal barons and the church forced King ___ to sign the ___ to place some limits on the King’s power.
3. In 1689, Parliament passed ____ to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.
4. In Britain, the official head of state is ___while the real centre of political life is in___.
5. The British Constitution consists of statute law, ___ and ___.
6. The most important function of the Parliament is to___.
7. Strictly speaking, the Parliament consists of the Queen, ___and ___.
Keys
1. God; his subject
2. John, Magna Carta
3. the Bill of Rights
4. the Queen; the House of Commons
5. common law, conventions
6. pass laws
7. the House of Lords, the House of Commons
二、英国教育练习
I. True or False
1.The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children. T
2. The state seldom interferes with the decision of when, where, how and what children are taught. F
3. The enduring feature of British education is the continuing debate over what should be taught in schools. F
4. the 1944 Education Act made entry to secondary schools and universities “meritocratic”. T
5. Public schools are part of the national education system and funded by the government. F
6. British universities are public bodies which receive funds from central government. T
7. All secondary schools in Britain are run and supervised by the government. F
8. In oxford and Cambridge the BA converts to an MA several years later, upon payment of a fee. T
9. Independent schools get money mainly through the private sector and tuition rates, with some government support. T
10. Grammar schools selects children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. F
II. Multiple Choice
1. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to ___.
A. private schools
B. independent schools
C. state schools
D. public schools.
2. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 ___.
A. can legally receive partly free education.
B. can legally receive completely free education.
C. can not receive free education at all.
D. can not receive free education if their parents are rich.
3. If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called___.
A. General Certificate of Education — Advanced.
B. General Certificate of Secondary Education
C. the common entrance examination
D. General National Vocational Qualifications.
4. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain?
A. the University of Cambridge.
B. the University of Oxford
C. the University of Edinburgh
D. the University of Buckingham
?5. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Parents send their children to public schools because they are rich.
B. Parents send their children to public schools because their children can get better jobs when they leave school.
C. Parents send their children to public schools because their children can have a better chance of getting into a good university.
D. Parents send their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to public schools.
6. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of the open University?
A. It’s open to everybody
B. It requires no formal education qualification.
C. No university degree is awarded.
D. University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, etc.
7. In the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to ___.
A. grammar schools
B. comprehensive schools
C. public schools
D. technical schools
8. Which of the following is NOT included in the National Curriculum?
A. Children must study the subjects like English, mathematics, science and so on.
B. Children must sit in A-level exams.
C. Children must pass national tests.
D. Teachers must teach what they are told.
9. Which of the following is NOT true about British education system?
A. It’s run by the state.
B. It’s funded by the state.
C. It’s supervised by the state.
D. It’s dominated by the state.
10. Which of the following schools would admit children without reference to their academic abilities?
A. Comprehensive schools
B. Secondary schools
C. Independent schools
D. Grammar schools
III. Fill in the Blanks
1. Two famous public schools in Britain are Eton and Winchester.
2. In Britain students attend secondary schools from the age of 11 up to around the age of 19.
3. Comprehensive schools provide a general education, teaching students everything from academic subjects like literature and science to more practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.
4. In Britain parents can choose between sending their children to state school or public schools.
5. Parents from the wealthier middle class prefer to send their children to public schools so as to have better education.
三、英国的节日及运动Exercises
1.The tradition of having Sunday off derived from the Christian Church. T
2.The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors.T
3. Tennis is usually regarded as a winter and spring sport. F
4.The game of golf was invented by the Scottish. T
5. The extremist animal-lovers’ groups would like to have horse racing banned. T
6. Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday. F
7. Christmas Pantomime is one of the three Christmas traditions that are particularly British. T
8. It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing. F
9.The biggest Bonfire Night celebration is held in London. F
10. In Ireland, New Year’s eve called Hogmanay (December 31st)is the major winter celebration. F
Which of the following was not an activity in Shakespeare’s time?
A playing football
B having a drink at a pub.
C working the land
D attending the Grand National
2. Which of the following sports was not invented in Britain?
A football
B tennis
C basketball
D cricket
3. Which of the following is not true about football in Britain?
A millions of people attend the FA games each season.
B “football hooligans” sometimes have violent clashes.
C it was invented by the Scottish people.
D it was once described as “beastly” violent.
4. Where is the international tennis championships held?
A Wembley
B Wimbledon
C London
D Edinburgh
5. Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family?
A cricket
B skiing
C golfing
D horse racing
6. Which one of the following Is not particularly British Christmas tradition?
A enjoying the Pantomime.
B the Queen broadcasting her Christmas message.
C eating chocolate eggs.
D shopping on the Boxing Day.
7. Easter commemorates
A the birth of Jesus Christ.
B the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ.
C the coming of spring.
D the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ.
8. Which community observes the traditional Ramadan?
A Hindu
B Sikh
C Jewish
D Muslim
9. Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen’s birthday?
A bonfires
B the Orange March
C trooping the color
D masquerades
10. Which of the following commemorates the Battle of Boyne?
A the Bonfire Night celebration in Lewes.
B trooping the color in London.
C the Eisteddfod in Wales.
D the Orange March in Northern Ireland.
11. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet?
A the Welsh people
B the Irish people
C the Scottish people
D the English people
12. On which day is Halloween celebrated?
A October 31st.
B November 5th.
C March 17th.
D December 25th.
?四、英国练习
1Britain is no longer an imperial country. T
2 Great Britain includes
3 constituent countries: England, Scotland and Wales. F
3. Northern Ireland is part of Great Britain. F
4. When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes. T
5. The Scots and the Welsh have a strong sense of being British. F
6. Scotland was never conquered by the Romans. T
7.Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic”. F
8. Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means. F
9.Wales is rich in coal deposits. T
10. Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city. F
11. The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh according to tradition. F
II.Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the questions.
12. Which of the following is NOT true of London?
A the cultural center
B the business center
C The financial center
D the sports center
13. Which of the following is not true about Britain?
A it used to be a powerful imperial country in the world
B it plays an active role as a member of European Union.
C it is a relatively wealthy and developed country.
D it used to be one of the superpowers in the world.
14. Which of the following can not be found in London?
A teahouses b art galleries c museums d theatres
15.Which of the following is not true about London?
A it’s a political, economic and cultural center of the country.
B it has a larger population than all other cities in England.
C it is not only the largest city in the country, but also the largest in the world.
D it has played a significant role in the economic construction of the country.
16. Who are the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?
A the Anglo-Saxons
B the Normans
C the Vikings
D the Romans
17. Which is the largest city in Scotland?
A Cardiff
B Edinburgh
C Glasgow
D Manchester
18. Why did the Scottish kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish state in the 9th century?
A they needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids.
B they felt it necessary to develop their own industry
C they were threatened by the Anglo-Saxon’s invasion.
D they had to do it in order to resist the British.
18. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live?
A in the Highlands
B in the Lowlands
C in the Uplands
D in the west of Scotland.
19. Which of the following is not true?
A Wales was invaded by the Romans.
B Wales was invaded by the Anglo-Saxons.
C Wales was conquered by the Normans.
D Wales was threatened by the English.
20. When did Scotland join the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish Parliaments?
A in 1715
B in 1688
C in 1745
D in 1707
III. Fill in the blanks
?1. The full name of the United Kingdom is the ___ and ___.
?2. Britain is a country with a history of invasions. In 43 AD Britain was invaded by____; in the late 8the century they experienced raids from Scandinavia and in the 11th century they suffered invasions from____.
?3. The Angle-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the ___century.
?4. Name two Scottish cities which have ancient and internationally respected universites: ____ and____.
?Keys:
?1. the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 2. the Roman Empire; Normans 3. 5th 4. Edinburgh and Glasgow Exercises of Northern Ireland
I. Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F).
1. Ireland is part of Great Britain. F
2. Ulster, referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom. T
3. The capital of Belfast is a large city with half a million people. F
4. Northern Ireland is significant because of its manufacturing industry. F
5. The majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people
Who inhabited British Isles before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago. T
6. Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics. T
7. The British government doesn’t have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland. F
8. Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland. T
9. The Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1998. T
10. Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions: that of Republic of Ireland and that of Great Britain. F
II.Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the questions.
?In the 17th century, the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because…
A they wanted to increase its control over Ireland
B they had too many people and didn’t have enough space for them to live in Britain.
C they intended to expand their investment.
D they believed that Ireland was the best place for them.
2. In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland street. They came first…
A to maintain traffic order in Northern Ireland.
B to protect Catholics
C to protect Protestants
D to replace the Royal Ulster Constabulary since they were unable to keep social order
3. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for…
A its most famous landmark, the “Giant’s Causeway”
B its rich cultural life
C its low living standards
D its endless political problems
4.Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise and organized a partition of Ireland in 1921, because…
A the British government wouldn’t be able to control Ireland any longer by force.
B the British government intended to satisfy both sides—Catholics and Protestants
C Catholics in Ireland demanded a partition of Ireland.
D Protestants welcomed the idea of partition
5. How many counties are there in Northern Ireland?
A 26 b 6 c 32 d 20
7.Which of the following agreement is accepted by both Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland?
A the Anglo-Irish Agreement
B the Belfast agreement
C the Good Friday agreemen
D the multi-party agreement
8.According to the Good Friday Agreement, Northern Ireland today should be governed by the following jurisdictions except…
A the jurisdiction of the Republic of Irelan
B the jurisdiction of loyalist ministers
C the jurisdiction of Great Britain
D the jurisdiction of Northern Ireland.
?五、英国对外关系
1. When the World War II ended, Britain no longer was the largest military power in Western Europe. F
2. The UK was awarded a seat on the UN Security Council in recognition of its contribution in setting up the United Nations. F
3. According to the text, the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history. T
4. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction on Britain’s foreign policy. T
5. The main government department involved is the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FOC). T
6. Britain is a parliamentary monarch. F
7. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. F
8. The British host(做东道主） a large American military presence and there are 63 American military bases in the UK. T
9. Britain is not a member of the NATO due to its disagreement with some European countries on defence policy. F
II. Choose the answer that best complete the statement or answers the questions.
1. The author holds that Britain had a big influence on the postwar international order because
A. it used to be a great imperial power
B. it had a strong military power and prestige.
C. it defeated Hilter’s army
D. it got support from its former colonies.
2. Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council?
A. France, China, Germany, Russia and Britain
B. The United States, France, Britain, Germany and Russia.
C. China, Russia, France, Britain and the United States.
D. China, Britain, France, the United States and Japan.
3. How much of the globe did Britain rule in its imperial prime?
A. a fourth of the globe.
B. a fifth of the globe.
C. a third of the globe.
D. two-thirds of the globe
4. The present British foreign policy is mainly influenced by some of the following factors. Which one is an exception?
A. Its imperial history.
B. Its geopolitical traits.
C. Its special relationship with the United States.
D. Its schizophrenic[?sk?ts??fr?n?k]反复无常attitude to Europe.
5. Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreign policy?
A. The Queen of Britain
B. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office
C. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.
D. The Ministry of Defence and the Treasury.
6. Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation in_____.
A. the Commonwealth
B. the European Economic Community
C. the United Nations, the EU, NATO, etc.
D. a European federal government
7. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Britain hosts a large American military force.
B. 63 American military bases are under the command of Britain.
C. There are 63 American military bases in Britain.
D. Britain is an outpost of an American-dominated military bloc.
8. Which of the following countries does not have nuclear weapons capabilities?
?A. Britain B. the United States C. Italy D. Russia
?9. Three of the following factors have contributed to Britain’s special relationship with the United States to a certain degree. Which is the exception?
A. Britain and the United States share the general ideas in many respects.
B. They have common interests in every respect. ?
C. They agree generally on how the world economy should be managed.
D. They have special links in culture.
?10. Why does Britain have its nuclear naval force?
?A. Because it’s one of the developed countries in the world. B. Because it’s a traditional sea power.
?C. Because it has an advanced industry D. Because it’s able to produce submarines.
六、American Beginnings ttfftfttf
Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
●1. The question “What is an American?” was first asked by J.Hector St. John de Creveceur. T
●2. Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. T
●3. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California. F
●4. Massachusetts was established by English puritans who separated themselves from the Roman Catholic Church. F
●5. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers. T
●6. The theory of politics of the American Revolution came from John Locke, a French philosopher in the 17th century. F
●7. By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were ready to separate themselves from Europe. T
●8. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regarded as the founding fathers of the United States of America. Ⅱ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question.
●1. Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution?
●A. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.
●B. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with American Indians.
●C. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with blacks.
●D. The American had the mixed blood of English and their descendants only.
●2. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe?
●A. The growth of capitalism. B. The Renaissance.
●C. The Religious Reformation. D. The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.
●3. The following were the main Reformation leaders except_____.
●A. Martin Luther. B. Martin Luther King. C. John Calvin. D. The English King Henry Ⅷ.
●4. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except ___.
●A. challenging the authority of the Pope.B. salvation through faith.
●C. salvation through the church. D. establishing a direct contact with God.
●5. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?
●A. Separation of state and church. B. Respect of education. C. Intolerant moralism. D. A sense of mission.
●6. Lord Baltimore’s feudal plan failed not because _____.
●A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland. B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.
●C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce. D. the English king did not like the plan.
●7. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except ____.
●A. George Washington. B. Thomas Jefferson. C. William Penn D. Benjamin Franklin
●8. The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly from _____.
●A. George Washington. B. Thomas Jefferson. C. John Adams. D. John Locks.
●9. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?
●A. Catholics. B. Puritans. C. Quakers D. Church of England.
●10. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of ____.
●A. the settlers of Virginia B. the people of Pennylvania
●C. the colonists in New England.D. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.
Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks.
●1. In 1782, the Frenchman who settled in Pennsylvania first asked the question ”what is an American?” in his book Letters from an American Farmer.
●2. The New World of America was peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first one from Asia__ and the second from Europe and ___Africa__.
●3. American Indians had developed three brilliant civilization before the Europeans arrived. These three civilizations wereAztecs ,the Incas and the Mayas
●4. Columbus discovered the New World in the year of __1492___ .
●5. The English king claimed the territory of North America based on the voyage of __John Cabot_ .
●6. _ Martin Luther was the first to start the Religious Reformation and the next important leader of the Reformation was __John Calvin_.
●7. The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today’s _Virginia __ in the year of __1607__.
●8. The crop __tobacco that was transplanted from the West Indian saved Virginia.
●9. Lord Baltimore who set up the colony of _Maryland__ was __Catholics__ in religion.
●10. New England was founded by a group of religious believers called _Puritans____ while Pennsylvania was planted by William Penn who was a __Quaker___ in religion.
●11. Two most important principles of the Holy Experiment were _the spirit of liberty and equality____ and seperation of state and church_____.
●12. The American Revolution officially proclaimed the birth of a new American nation.
●13. Name two of the taxes imposed on North American colonies by the British Parliament on the eve of the American Revolution: the stamp tax and the tea tax.
●14. The institution that began to assume the function of a national government during the American Revolution was _the Second Continental Congress__.
七、美国政治制度 ffttfftttf
1. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unified nation as it is today. F
?2. The agreement that set the plan of cooperation among different states after the War of American Independence was called the Constitution of the United States. F
?3. The US Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government. T
?4. The main duty of the congress is to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. ?5. Under a constitutional Amendment passed in 1951, a president can be elected to only one term. F
?6. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of representatives. F
?7. The 10 very short paragraphs which guarantee freedom and individual rights and forbid interference with lives of individuals by the government are called the Bill of Rights. T
?8. The idea of checks and balances as a way of restricting governmental power and preventing its abuse was first provided in the Federalist Papers. T
?9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is the Democratic Party, formed before 1800. The other is the Republican party, formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West. T
?10. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. F
II. Multiple Choice
?1. which of the following statements is NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over,___.
?A. each new state had its own government. B. each new state made its own laws and handled all of its internal affairs.
?C. the national government was called the Congress with little power.
?D. the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined.
?2. According to the author, the Articles of Confederation failed because of the following reasons. Which is not true? ?A. The new states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other
?B. Some new states wanted to be free from the Union.
?C. The Congress could not raise money to pay the national army and to pay debts owed to France and other nations.
?D. The Congress had no power to tax any citizen.
?3. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?
?A. Virginia B. Rhode Island C. New York D. Maryland
?4. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? When the Constitution was written, ____.
?A. there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution. B. there was no Bill of Rights.
?C. the Constitution did not have any words guaranteeing the freedoms or the basic rights and privileges of citizens.
?D. a “Bill of Rights” was added to the Constitution was made.
?5. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?
?A. the executive B. the legislative C. the judicial D. the president
?6. Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?
?A. The president can veto any bill passed by Congress.B. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges as vacancies occur. C. The president can make laws.
?D. The president broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments.
?7. The Bill of Rights consists of ___.
?A. 10 very short paragraphs in an amendment. B. 10 amendments adopted in 1787.
?C. 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791. D. the amendments concerning freedom of religion, of speech and of the press. ?8. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights ？
?A. The freedom of religion. B. The freedom of searching q person’s home by police.
?C. The freedom of speech and of the press. D. The right to own weapons if one wishes.
?9. The following were NOT written into the Constitution in 1787 except___.
?A. the Bill of Rights B. the judicial review C. the political party system D. the powers of the president.
?10. The New Deal was started by ___.
?A. Franklin Roosevelt B. J. F. Kennedy C. George Washington D. Thomas Jefferson
八、美国二战后的对外关系fttftttffftf
?1. American foreign policy has been swinging between isolationism and interventionism since WWII. F
?2. Pax Americana indicates American policy to create a world order dominated by the United States. T
?3. The founding of the NATO in 1949 and the Warsaw Pact in 1955 split the world into two military blocs. And the Cold War began.
4. The United States had its first test of the hydrogen bomb in 1953 after the Soviet Union in the space technology race and so initiated the Star Wars project. F
5. Sputniks are man-made satellites made by the Soviet Union. T
?6. When Ronald Reagan became president in 1982, he wanted to beat the Soviet Union in the space technology race and so he initiated the Star Wars project. T
?7. In 1948 President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine, which is generally regarded as the formal declaration of the implementation of the US containment foreign policy. T
?8. After the Korean War, the US made necessary adjustments and adopted a strategy of contraction. F
9. At the end of the WWII, a concrete wall, separating East and West Berlin, was built which became the symbol of the Cold War. ?10. The Clinton Administration made national security, economic prosperity and promotion of democracy the three pillars of the American foreign policy. F
?11. After the Sept. 11 terrorist attack, anti-terrorism became a priority on the agenda of the majority of the countries all over the world. T
?12. When George W. Bush became President, his foreign policy has two prominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength. II. Multiple Choice
?1. The American foreign policy up to WWII can be described as ___.
?A. containment B. swinging between containment and interventionism
?C. swinging between isolationism and internationalism D. unilateralism
?2. After the WWII, the United States became a stronger country, proved by the following facts except__.
?A. the US suffered no losses in the war. B. the US was the sole possessor of atomic bombs.
?C. the US had over 70% of the gold reserve of the world in its coffers.
?D. the US had over 50% of industrial production of the world in its hand.
?3. When was the NATO founded?
?A. In 1945. B. in 1955 C. In 1948 D. in 1949
?4. When was the Warsaw Pact founded?
?5. During the arms race between the Soviet Union and the US, what caused fear and anxiety on the part of the United States? ? A. In 1949, the Soviet Union detonated its first atomic device. B. The Warsaw Pact was founded in 1955.
?C. The Soviet Union had its first test of the bomb in 1953. D. in 1957, the Soviet Union into another round of arms race.
?6. What did the US mean by containment?
?A. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breaking out of its sphere of influence.
?B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reached parity with the US in nuclear force
?C. It planned to drag the the Soviet Union into another round of arms race
?D. It intended to shift the balance of terror
?7. How long did the Vietnam War last?
?A. more than 5 years B. about 10 years C. About 20 years D. More than 25 years
?8. When did President Nixon make a trip to China to improve relations with the People’s Republic of China?
?A. In 1972 B. In 1973 C. In 1970 D. In 1971
?9. On one occasion during the Cold War period, the US and the Soviet Union were on the brink of nuclear war. What was that occasion? ?A. the US fought the Korean WarB. the US sent 50 000 troops to Vietnam C. the Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in 1962.
?D. Large numbers of people fled East Berlin and East Germany to West Germany in 1961.
10. The Clinton Administration made the following elements the three pillars of American foreign policy. Which of them is not included?
A. national security
B. contraction
C. Economic prosperity
D. Promotion of democracy
九、美国教育tfftftt
1. Critics of the affirmative action programs are of the opinion that this results in reverse discrimination. T
2. The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, or GI Bill of Rights, gave veterans priority in finding better jobs. F
3. American university students have always liked to get degrees that are aimed at preparing them specifically for certain professions.
4. One of the things that decides whether an applicant can be accepted by a college is his/ her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Test. T
5. According to the author, larger universities are always better, and more desirable universities are always more expensive. F
6. It takes at least four years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. T
7. Segregating blacks into separate schools was unconstitutional after the decision of the Supreme Court in 1954. T
8. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials.
?II. Multi-choices.
?1. Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students?
?A. Mathematics and languages B. Politics and business education C. Science and social studies. D. Music and physical education ?2. The expenditure in American public schools is guided by or decided by___
?A. teacher B. students C. headmasters D. boards of education
?3. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?
?A. Elementary school, grammar school B. Elementary school, junior high school
?C. Elementary school, secondary school D. Junior high school, senior high school
?4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education?
?A. Universities and colleges B. Research institutions C. Technical institutions D. Undergraduate institutions
?5. Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception? ?A. Large universities offer the best libraries and facilities for scientific research.
?B. Large universities provide students with “mainframe”computers
?C. Large universities offer scholarships to all students
?D, Large universities attract students with modern laboratories
?6. Nearly all students want to get into more desirable institutions because____.
?A, they find it easy for them to get jobs after having gradual from one of them
?B. they enjoy the high prestige of these institutions
?C. they like the teachers and surroundings in these institutions
?D. they prefer to have the Scholastic Aptitude Tests
?7. In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that_____.
?A. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachers
?B. they make good impressions during the interview
?C. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude Tests
?D. they pass the college entrance examinations
8. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. Which is the exception?
?A. Harvard University B. the State University of New York C. Yale University D, Princeton University
?9. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources on income except____.
?A. investment B. student tuition C. endowments D. government funding
?10. To get a bachelor’s degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following except_____ ?A. attending lectures and complete assignment B. passing examinations
?C. taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophy
D. earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college
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人工智能考试单选择题答案
2019 年人工智能公需科考试单选择题答案 1?现在医学上使用的水银柱血压计是在（）开始应用于临床的。（ 2.0分） A.1872年B 1896年C 1970 D 2005年我的答案：B?V答对 2?关于专用人工智能与通用人工智能，下列表述不当的是（）。（ 2.0分） 我的答案：D Q答对D.真正意义上完备的人工智能系统应该是一个专用的智能系统 3.在2016年，我国人工智能企业超过了（）家。（ 2.0分） A 1000 B 1200 C 1400 D 1500我的答案：D?V答对 4.（）是利用计算机将一种自然语言（源语言）转换为另一种自然语言（目标语言）的过程。 我的答案：B?V答对 B.机器翻译 5.50年前，人工智能之父们说服了每一个人：“（）是智能的钥匙。” （ 2.0分） 6.（）是通过建立人工神经网络，用层次化机制来表示客观世界，并解释所获取的知识，例如图像、声音和文本。（2.0分） 我的答案：AQ答对 A.深度学习 7.当前人工智能重点聚焦（）大领域。（ 2.0分） 我的答案： A 6 B 7 C 8 D 9 B?V答对 8.（）是一种处理时序数据的神经网络，常用于语音识别、机器翻译等领域。（ 2.0分） 我的答案：c?v答对c循环神经网络 9.医学上用百分位法来判定孩子是否属于矮小。如果一个孩子的身高低于同种族、同年龄、同性别正常 健康儿童身高的第（）百分位数，医学上称之为矮小。（ 2.0分） 我的答案：A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 C?"答对 10.2012年，Hinton教授小组在ImageNet竞赛中夺冠，降低了几乎（）的错误率。（ 2.0分） 我的答案：B?V答对 B.50% 11.在大数据隐私保护生命周期模型中，大数据发布的风险是（）。（2.0分） 我的答案：D?V答对 D.如何在发布时去掉用户隐私并保证数据可用
选择和设计教学内容的依据
选择和设计教学内容的依据 体育教学体系包含四大要素：教师、学生、教学内容和教学环境。在教师、学生和教学环境相对稳定的基础上，教学内容是具有较大选择性的要素。《课程标准》在选择教学内容上给我们留有相当大的余地，这是与体育教学大纲的根本不同之处。现在我们对教学内容的理解与过去的理解有所不同，体育教学大纲把教学内容看作教科书，教师的职责是“教”教科书；新的《课程标准》则把教学内容理解为达成学习目标的一种手段，强调教学内容不等于教科书，同时教师也不只是“教”教科书，而是用教科书来教会学生获取必要的知识与技能。这就提高了我们对教学内容的认识，教学内容不是教科书上限定的某些内容，教学内容是灵活的、可选择的，这使得我们体育教师在教学内容的选择方面有了更大的空间。当然，对教学内容的选择和设计不能脱离《课程标准》的基本理念，并且要有利于学生达成学习目标。 首先，我们必须根据“健康第一”的指导思想。其二，要根据水平阶段的学习目标。《课程标准》以水平来划分学段，给我们体育教师一个理性思考的空间和选择教学内容的余地，教师可以根据同一水平阶段学生相似或相同的身心特征，选择适宜的教学内容，促使学生达成水平阶段的学习目标。我们在优化教学内容的同时，要根据实际情况因人、因时、因地制宜地设计和使用教学内容。例如，在《课程标准》水平四五阶段有发展有氧耐力的学习目标，有条件(如有田径场)的学校可以鼓励学生进行耐力跑的练习，没有条件的学校可以采用跳绳、往返跑、追逐跑等方法来发展学生的有氧耐力。第三，我们在设计教学内容时，一定要考虑到学生身心发展的特点。初高中时期，男女生均已进入青春发育期，对机体的影响比一生中其他任何时期都要大，是人体形态发育的关键阶段。由于男、女生形态在这一阶段有了很大的差异，因此，教师在教学内容的选择和设计上要各有侧重。女生这一阶段内脏器官发育落后于身高、体重的增长，同时神经系统对运动的调节作用有所降低，宜进行一些强度小、持续时间长的有氧练习，加强对胸部、腰背、大腿和臀等部位的练习，如形体操、韵律操、技巧、慢跑、跳绳、呼啦圈、游戏等。男生在这一阶段还处于生长发育的高峰期，男生应加强下肢肌肉、上肢肩带、腰背部肌肉力量的锻炼，如具有挑战性的跳高、跳远、接力赛等田径项目；具有竞技性的单杠、双杠、支撑跳跃等体操项目，还有趣味性很强的球类项目。
我国航空公司飞机租赁方式的比较分析
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尺度_高考满分议论文800字
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成就都源于他的人生尺度和那近乎疯狂的激情——“我的作品，就是我的肉体和灵魂，为了它，我甘愿冒失去生命和理智的危险。” 将对人生信念的恪守和对生命的意义的拷问作为人生的尺度，他就会使你变得更加伟大和顿彻。你看那海明威，那颗射向自己的子弹，即使穿透了脆弱的头颅却依然击不碎他生命的硬度，他用自杀捍卫他一生所恪守的信念：“人不是生来被击败的，人可以被毁灭，但不能被击毁。”为了恪守人生的尺度，而甘愿毁灭。 用奉献爱心作为人生的尺度，会使你变得更加崇高。人生更加有意义。你看那特雷莎修女，这位以广阔的胸怀和无私的爱去关心他人的仁慈天使，在她的生命历程中，蕴含着英雄和圣徒的本色。“爱应该像生命和呼吸一样，天天伴着你。直到最后一刻。”她以人生的尺度所做的一切都值得我们用虔诚的心去思考。 也许普通人对人生尺度的把握和追求，泄露的只是人性的一点光色，那么伟大的人对人生尺度的追求，则如那灿烂的梨花，开满了我们头上的蓝色星空。
怎样选择智能家居
怎样选择智能家居 智能家居市场目前来说还不很规范，在此特地总结了七大要点提醒消费者在购买智能家居产品时要睁大眼睛看清楚，尽量避免及减少不必要的损失。 一、明确需求 我们首先要清楚自己的需求是什么，想要一些什么样的“智能”。我们知道，盲目的安装智能家居产品不仅会令您日后的智能生活大打折扣，而且还会令你的支出大大增加。每个家庭对智能生活的要求也是不同的，智能家居产品具有个性化的特点，可以任意组合，从而满足不同人群对智能的要求。而我们也可最大限度的利用手中的Money来做更多的事情。 除了家庭安防、报警系统、智能照明系统是绝大部分家庭中必须的部分，我们还可以根据自己的特殊需要来安装智能家居产品。如家中有电影、音乐发烧友，我们可以选择安装家庭娱乐系统、背景音乐系统等，它可以让我们在家中享受更多娱乐的智能享受。除此之外，智能家居产品还包括很多方面，如宠物照看、庭院自动灌溉、家庭看护、家电集中控制、远程监控等等，大家可以根据自己的实际需要，以及手中的Money来选择最适合自己的智能家居产品。 二、选择品牌 在您清楚了想要什么之后，您就要货比三家选择智能家居产品的销售商了。这时您面对的可能是智能家居的直接生产厂商，选择一家优秀的智能家居品牌厂商是您规避风险的一个良方。因为一个大品牌的厂商，对于产品的质量是有保障的，并且技术也是能够保证的。编者提醒消费者尽量选择一些大品牌厂商的产品，可以使您省心、放心。当然，您在选择代理商的时候，也最好以这个为原则。 三、产品选择 在这里我们说的产品选择主要是看产品的质量及外观工艺。产品的质量我们一般不会在购买时就能看清的，所以在这里我们更多是看产品的外观工艺如何。智能家居产品除了能够带给我们智能的享受，其实好的外观工艺还可以给我们的家庭带来美的享受。恕编者直言，有些智能家居厂商的产品光注重功能了，忽略了外观带给我们的视觉享受，做出来的产品比较难看，所以在这里要提醒消费者不要忽略了产品外观的选择。 四、技术更新 智能家居产品属于高档智能产品，由于技术不断发展创新，现在产品的更新换代非常频繁，为了消费者能够更好的享受智能家居带来的舒适生活，我们强烈建议消费者一定要在选购产品的同时，还要注意技术的更新，产品的兼容性、扩展性如何。就像我们买电脑一样，两年前还是用SD内存，现在都用DDR2了，产品互相兼容是我们要非常注意的。 五、安装施工 智能家居产品的安装对您日后的使用至关重要，它的安装目前来说还是相对复杂的，需要专业的施工技术人员到您家上门安装。如果产品在安装过程中安装不到位，会严重影响您日后的使用，所以您一定要看对方有没有一支专业、训练有素的施工队伍。 六、售后服务 售后服务其实我不用多说，通常我们在购买大件消费品时都会非常注重售后服务的质量。在购买智能家居产品时，这就更显的非常重要了，因为智能家居市场还有待规范化，每个厂商、经销商、代理商的售后服务情况也不尽相同，为了避免日后的麻烦，还请消费者您睁大眼睛看好了。 七、物美价廉 我们大家都知道，真正“物美”、“价廉”的产品是不存在的，但在这里我想说的是综合考虑上面的2-6点后，再货比三家选择一个平衡点，找出“物美价廉”的心水产品。之所以把价格放在最后来讲，是因为只有在把前面的几点都看好后，最后再综合考虑哪家的更便宜些，我们要做到“只买最好，不买最贵”，将Money的作用发挥到极限！
室内配电箱尺寸选择经验
配电箱尺寸选择参考 一般来说设计时都标配电箱的大概尺寸，定做时可以不按照设计时的尺寸来做，设计所提供的尺寸仅供参考，在图纸上也注明了箱体尺寸仅供参考，可以根据不同产品和现场施工需要修改箱体尺寸，设计的也不用出变更。虽说是参考尺寸，但是设计师对箱子的大小应该心里有数，这样可以避免在施工时做的箱子和设计时差的太多，造成不必要的麻烦。 下面是我在做设计时估算箱子的方法，可以供楼主参考一下，这种方法计算出来的尺寸一般都会比实际尺寸大上一些。 1.当电箱只是照明电箱或者小动力时，进线小于10平方时，如果开关位数小于20位时，开关宽度尺寸加起来再每边加20MM就为电箱宽度，高度为开关高度加40MM，深度为开关最大深度加10MM， 2当电箱只是照明电箱或者小动力时，进线小于10平方时，如果开关位数大于20位时，这时候电箱需要布置为两排开关，开关宽度尺寸加起来再每边加40MM就为电箱宽度，高度为开关高度加40MM，深度为开关最大深度加10MM， 3当电箱只是照明电箱或者小动力时，进线小于10平方时，如果进线开关需要单独一排时，开关宽度尺寸加起来再每边加20MM就为电箱宽度，高度为开关高度加进线开关高度加40MM，深度为开关最大深度加10MM， 4当电箱为动力电箱时，或动力照明电箱时，算法基本与上面相同，不过当进线大于10平方时，要考虑进线的弯曲半径一级接线端子要预留足够的空间进线，当两排布置开关时，应考虑开关的布线走线. 当然电箱尺寸没有定论的，要考虑实际的安装，要看实际接线图和考虑如何安排开关布置一级开关的走线.
一、电表箱: 1、单相六表位暗箱外框尺寸（宽x高x厚）860x840x170，嵌墙尺寸（宽x高x厚）790x750x110，留洞（宽x高x厚）810x770x120，洞底距地1100，定位详平面图。 2、单相四表位暗箱外框尺寸（宽x高x厚）610x840x170，嵌墙尺寸（宽x高x厚）550x750x110，留洞（宽x高x厚）570x770x120，洞底距地1100，定位详平面图。 3、单相三表位暗箱外框尺寸（宽x高x厚）850x550x170，嵌墙尺寸（宽x高x厚）790x490x110，留洞（宽x高x厚）810x510x120，洞底距地1400，定位详平面图。 4、单相二表位暗箱外框尺寸（宽x高x厚）610x550x170，嵌墙尺寸（宽x高x厚）550x490x110，留洞（宽x高x厚）570x510x120，洞底距地1400，定位详平面图。 二、总熔断器盒 1、总熔断器盒实际尺寸（宽x高x厚）440x620x165，嵌墙尺寸（宽x高x厚）400x580x155，留洞（宽x高x厚）420x600x165，洞底距地2000，定位详平面图。 三、T接箱 T接箱（宽x高x厚）290x290x150，嵌墙尺寸（宽x高x厚）260x265x125，留洞（宽x 高x厚）280x280x130，洞顶距板底300，定位详平面图。 四、住户配电箱 1、15位住户配电箱留洞（宽x高x厚）350x250x120，洞底距地2000，定位详平面图。 2、18位住户配电箱留洞（宽x高x厚）400x250x120，洞底距地2000，定位详平面图。 3、24位住户配电箱留洞（宽x高x厚）300x430x120，洞底距地2000，定位详平面图。 五、电信分线箱 1、E型箱实际尺寸（高x宽x厚）700x500x150，C型箱实际尺寸（高x宽x厚）500x380x150，B型箱实际尺寸（高x宽x厚）380x250x130。 2、1~5层采用C型箱，留洞（高x宽x厚）520x400x160。洞底距地1300，定位详平面图。 3、6层采用B型箱，留洞（高x宽x厚）400x270x140。洞底距地1300，定位详平面图。 六、楼层访客对讲及安保分线箱 1、楼层访客对讲及安保分线箱实际尺寸（宽x高x厚）400x350x150，留洞（宽x高x厚）420x370x160，洞底距地2000，定位详平面图。 2、2~6层分线盒（宽x高x厚）268x208x80 七、电视分接箱 电视分接箱实际尺寸（宽x高x厚）200x200x100，留洞（宽x高x厚）220x220(H)x120，洞底距地2000，定位详平面图。 八、家庭信息箱 1、2、6层家庭信息箱留洞（宽x高x厚）300x500x120，洞底距地300，定位详平面图。3~5层家庭信息箱留洞（宽x高x厚）300x200x120，洞底距地300，定位详平面图。
高跟鞋高度选择
学年论文 题目：高跟鞋的选择 学生：李**** 学号： ******8****8 院（系）：理学院 专业：数学与应用数学 指导教师： **** 2015年 4 月 20 日
高跟鞋的选择 数学****班：***** 指导老师：***8 （陕西科技大学理学院陕西西安 710021） 摘要：随着时代的发展，高跟鞋变得越来越受女性的喜欢，所以高跟鞋变成了一个热度很高的讨论话题，因此高跟鞋的选择就变成了一个热话题，高跟鞋的选择包括了它的舒适性，稳定性，以及鞋跟高。本文通过“黄金分割”与公式法两种方法从而得出女性高跟鞋的最佳选择方式。 关键词：高跟鞋，鞋跟高，黄金比例，公式法 The selection of high-heeled shoes Abstract:As time goes on, high-heeled shoes is becoming more and more women like, so high-heeled shoes into a heat topic of discussion, so the choice of high-heeled shoes will become a hot topic, the choice of high-heeled shoes including its comfort, stability, and high heels. In this paper, though the “golden mean”and formula method, two kinds of methods to draw women high-heeled shoes the best choice of the way. Keywords: high-heeled shoes, heel of a shoe, gold proportion, equation 引言 有一双鞋，穿上她以后可以不用力就往前走，走起路来倒退就会摔跤，可以挺胸收腹坚持自我，可以亭亭玉立盛气凌人，能使人的脚踝和大腿变得轮廓更加完美从而显示出一种腿部修长性感的风姿。她就是高跟鞋。 1、问题的重述 随着新时代的到来，高跟鞋逐渐受到追求时尚的女性的青睐。现在社会会上，高跟鞋款式新颖，用料不一，高低各异，价格也相差很大。那么，到底怎样高度的高跟鞋才适合自己呢？随着生活质量的提高，女性越来越重视高跟鞋的舒适性，一双好的高跟鞋，不仅要美观，更要结构合理达到最佳的稳定性和舒适性，那么，如何才能达到最佳呢？女性对时尚的追求，使得广大女性更青睐高跟鞋。所以在挑选高跟鞋时，这些问题是都要要考虑到的。 2、问题的分析 随着科技的发展，高跟鞋的制作越来越舒适，很多制作厂家有效的解决了足与鞋之间的压力问题，同时对高跟鞋的跟高对足底压力分布的影响研究已经比较成熟，所以就开始重视研究鞋底压力分布相关因素，这样可以更好地提高高跟鞋的舒适度。 2、1在选择高跟鞋时要考虑其內垫材料 随着高跟鞋鞋底硬度的增加，足前掌的承重功能会削弱。这时候就要选择一个适合的鞋内垫来增加足前掌的承重能力，使得女性的前足掌得到缓冲，进而缓解前足掌的疲劳。从压力分布的角度出发，还要求內垫材料有比较好的摩擦系数。脚和高跟鞋斜坡之间也存在正压力，因此，较好的摩擦系数产生的较大的摩擦力可以减轻对前足部位的压力，例如
如何网上预订亚航航班和获取服务信息
亚航网上预订步骤图解 1． 登陆 进入https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7917366556.html, , 选择国家及语言（通常首选始发地国家）。点击“简简中文”进入中文页面 点击‘访问亚航主页’进入亚航网站主页 亚航注册会员可通过左上角的“登陆”处登陆。尚未注册成为会员的用户可通过此处注册成为亚航会员。
2. 航班查询 请通过主页的“航线网络图”，直观地了解亚洲航空所有航线。 或者直接通过主页右上角的“查询”功能查询航班。
具体步骤 1. 选择“出发地”和“目的地”。（如仅选择单程请点击“仅单程”） 2. 选择“启程日期”和“回程日期”(如是双程)。（右边的小日历可帮助您选择日期。） 3. 选择乘客人数 (9人以下)。(10位乘客以上，请参见团体订购说明) 5. 点击“查询”键，进入下一页面。 3. 选择航班 进入航班信息页面后，页面上将出现所选旅行日期当日的所有航班信息。当有多个航班可供选择时，移动红色选框并选择您满意的航班（红色框住部分为您选择的航班）。
页面右上角将显示所选择航班的日期、时间、机票价格、机场税费及总价格。 如需要转换成您熟悉的货币，可使用“货币转换器”功能
可回至上方的航班选择栏，输入新的选择并查询，直到获取您认为满意的航班 以上标志中，AK为马来西亚亚航的航班、FD为泰国亚航的航班、QZ为印尼亚航的航班、D7为亚航长途公司的航班 在点击“继续”前，请仔细阅读亚航关于航班预订及使用的相关条款和规定，并在小方格处打勾以示接受。如需要其他特殊帮助，可在“您有什么特殊需要吗？”处打勾，然后点击“继续”进入下一页面。 4. 填写乘客资料以及在线服务选项 提示：因系统无法识别中文字符，乘客资料和信息需用英文或汉语拼音填写！！！ 进入页面后，请根据指令，详细填写乘客联络方式及资料（称谓、姓名、地址、所在国家、电话号码及电子邮件信箱）。
高中选择的议论文素材大全
高中选择的议论文素材 大全 文件排版存档编号：[UYTR-OUPT28-KBNTL98-UYNN208]
高中关于选择的议论文素材大全 (一)关于选择与放弃的作文素材 1、人放弃捷径通途，不是偏爱崎岖曲折，而是为了通达成功之路;放弃安逸舒适，不是不会享受生活，而是为了坚守自己的志向;放弃功名富贵，不是为了选择贫困穷寒，而是为了追求自己的理想;放弃生存，不是为了获得死亡，而是为了维护自己的人格和尊严。 2、放弃是一种豁达;放弃不是懦弱，而是一种勇气;放弃不是妥协，而是一种进取;放弃不是萎缩，而是一种生长。放弃是“冷眼世间人情冷暖，闲看庭前花开花落”的雍容;放弃是“枯荣过处皆是梦，忧喜两忘便是禅”的境界。 3、过多的负担反而使人不能前行。 4、鱼和熊掌不能兼得，只有放弃才能更好的得到。 5、在现实生活中有胆识地放弃是人成熟的标志。放弃之后才能摆脱狭隘、苦闷、浮躁与被动，才能感觉一个别样的世界。 我可以没有恩宠、没有地位，可以没有名气、没有桂冠，但我不可以没有自我，决不可以没有独立的人格。(摩罗) 6、放弃需要勇气，放弃需要智慧，放弃也需要原则。 7、放弃希望意味着放弃生命。 【放下就是快乐】 曾见一副漫画：一个背着布袋的和尚吃力地行走，放下布袋后，身体立即轻松舒适。他说：“放下就是快乐。”
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规格。还会用到一些其它纸张，如：哑粉纸、双胶纸、珠光纸、硫酸纸等特种纸。 宣传册封面和内页的纸张最常规的几种规格： 1、封面封底用250克双铜纸、过哑胶、内页用157克双铜纸 2、封面封底用250克双铜纸、过哑胶、内页用157克双铜纸 3、封面封底用230克双铜纸、过哑胶、内页用157克双铜纸 4、封面封底用200克双铜纸、过哑胶、内页用200克双铜纸 如果宣传册比较厚，大多是客户会选择采用双胶纸印刷，一般双胶纸的定量在60克到120克之间，也有如150克、180克、300克的高克重双胶纸，其中双胶纸70—120克的使用最广，整张尺寸有787×1092mm，880×1230mm两张规格。采用双铜纸和哑粉纸、双胶纸一般是用来印刷企业宣传宣传册、产品宣传宣传册、产品目录、期刊、杂志等类型居多。 宣传册印刷除了铜版纸外，哑粉纸作为宣传册印刷材料也是一个不错的选择，克重和价格方面都是跟采用双铜纸张印刷宣传册相差不大，整张尺寸有787×1092mm，880×1230mm两张规格。
大学课程设计与选择
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全面素质型人才转变，课程结构设计趋于合理化、现实化。 因此，大学课程安排应该更具灵活性和多样性。设置多类型、多层次的课程结构以适应不同学生的兴趣。给学生提供更多自主选择学习内容的机会，有利于学生施展个性、拓展知识。学生通过对各种知识的学习可以提高综合素质，向综合能力型和全面素质型人才转变。 美国大学本科课程设置也在发生变化，课程体系更加注重平衡性，课程设置主要表现为四种模式：自由选修型、分布必修型、名著课程型和核心课程型。几种课程设置模式呈现的共同特点为：重视通识教育、注重课程设置的灵活性和多样性、强调课程设置的国际化。体系更加注重平衡性，给予学生自行选择课程、自主设计课程结构的机会。培养“专才”与“通才”相结合的人。课程内容更加注重开放性、人文性和现实性。培养学生独立思考，对科学技术及社会经济生活保持高度的敏感的意识。 我国大学本科的课程设计与选择应该具有灵活性和多样性。包括课程结构设计的灵活性和课程内容选择的多样性。课程结构设计的灵活性表现在必修课与选修课的比例上，适当地降低必修课的比例，增加选修课的比例。在掌握主修课程之外，还能够对其它主要学科领域的知识都有所了解，对事物的认识和理解建立在见闻广博的基础之上。选修课比重至少达到一半或60%，且不宜比重过大。如果选修的比重较大的话，会使课程设置缺乏严密的系统性、科学性，造成课程的衔接不畅，影响知识结构的形成。还会使相当一部分学生放松学习，避难就易凑学分，影响教育质量的普遍提高。否则很难说是真正意义上
飞机选座——附：东航320选坐攻略
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智能家居功能选择书
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智能家居功能选择 开关面板组 分别为： 客厅：面板开，灯组，分别为： 主卧：面板开，灯组，分别为： 客卧：面板开，灯组，分别为： 厨房：面板开，灯组，分别为： 餐厅：面板开，灯组，分别为： 卫生间：面板开，灯组，分别为： 其他： ____________________________________________________________________________ 灯光智能化管理需求： □一键全开□一键全关□回家/离家/起床/就寝□支持自定义各种灯光场景 规律性需求： □主卧/客卧灯光叫醒服务，随闹铃响起，灯光打开，灯光叫醒，起床时间：________ □日落后回家，打开家门时，玄关灯管自动感应打开 □看电视情况下，关闭客厅餐厅所有灯，只留电视射灯、客厅灯带 □晚上睡觉前看书看手机，留卧室床头灯或射灯，关闭其他，预防青光眼 □半夜去卫生间时，起夜灯及卫生间灯光自动感应开启，人走后延时关闭 其他灯光管理需求： ________________________________________________________________ 电器： □ 电视品牌 ____________ □激光影院（投影）品牌_____________________ □分体空调品牌__________ 数量 ______ （台）□中央空调品牌 ___________________ □电热水器 _________ A 功率__________ w 是否可调___________ □音响品牌 _____________ ; □背景音乐品牌______________ （轻音乐伴主人起床，欢迎主人回家等提醒功能，背景音乐系统让家中每个房间充满活力） □空气净化器（□分体可移动，净化效果一般；□中央新风系统，净化效果好，随时净 化家中空气，自动、手动、场景控制，时刻掌控家中空气质量，保护家人健康）
常用人体尺寸百分位选择
一、正常坐高 令狐采学 1、定义：是指人放松坐着时，从座椅表面到头顶的垂直距离。 2、应用：可用于确定座椅上方障碍物的最小高度。布置双层床时，搞创新的节约空间设计时，例如利用搁楼下面的空间吃饭或工作，都要根据这个关键尺寸来确定其高度。确定办公室和其他场合的低隔断要用到这尺寸，确定餐厅和酒吧里的火车座隔断也要用到这个尺寸。 3、注意：座椅的倾斜、座简垫的弹性、衣服的厚度以及人坐下相站起来时的活动都是要考虑的重 要因素。 4、百分点选择：由于涉及到间距问题、采用第115百分点的数据比较合适。 二、身高 1、定义：身高是指人身体直立、眼睛向前平视时从地面到头顶的垂直距离。 2、应用：这些数据用于确定通道和门的最小高度。然而，一般建筑规范规定的和成批生产制做的门和
门框高度都适用于99%以上的人，所以，这些数据可能对于确定人头顶上的障碍物高度更为重要。 3、注意：身高一般是不穿鞋测量的，故在使用时应给予适当补偿。 4、百分点选择：由于主要的功用是确定净空高，所以应该选用高百分点数据。因为天花板高度一般不是关键尺寸，设计者应考虑尽可能地适应100%的人。 三、眼睛高度 1、定义：眼睛高度是指人身体直立、眼睛向前平视时从地面到内眼角的垂直距离。 2、应用：这些数据可用于确定在剧院、礼堂、会议室等处人的视线，用于布置广告和其他展品。用于确定屏风和开敞式大办公室内隔断的高度。 3、注意：由于这个尺寸是光脚测量的，所以还要加上鞋的高度，男子大约需2.5cm，女子大约需加7.8cm。这些数据应该与脖子的弯曲和旋转以及视线角度资料结合使用，以确定不同状态、不同头部角度的视觉范围。 4、百分点选择：百分点选择将取决于关键因素的变化。例如：如果设计中的问题是决定隔断或屏风的高度，以保证隔断后面人的秘密性要求，那么隔离高度就与较高人的眼睛高度有关（第95百分点或更高），其逻辑是假如高个子人不能越过隔断看过去，那么矮个子人也一定不能。反之，假如设计问题是允许人看到隔断里面，则逻辑是相反的，隔
生产流程设计与选择
生产流程设计与选择 一、生产流程的类型 生产流程一般有三种基本类型：按产品进行的生产流程、按加工路线进行的生产流程和按项目组织的生产流程。 （一）按产品进行的生产流程 按产品进行的生产流程就是以产品或提供的服务为对象，按照生产产品或提供服务的生产要求，组织相应的生产设备或设施，形成流水般的连续生产，有时又称为流水线生产。例如汽车装配线、电视机装配线等就是典型的流水式生产。连续型企业的生产一般都是按产品组织的生产流程。由于是以产品为对象组织的生产流程，又叫对象专业化形式。这种形式适用于大批量生产。 （二）按加工路线进行的生产流程 对于多品种生产或服务情况，每一种产品的工艺路线都可能不同，因而不能象流水作业那样以产品为对象组织生产流程，只能以所要完成的加工工艺内容为依据来构成生产流程，而不管是何种产品或服务对象。设备与人力按工艺内容组织成一个生产单位，每一个生产单位只能完成相同或相似工艺内容的加工任务。不同的产品有不同的加工路线，它们流经的生产单位取决于产品本身的工艺过程，又叫工艺专业化形式。这种形式适用于多品种小批量或单件生产。 （三）按项目组织的生产流程 对有些任务，如拍一部电影、组织一场音乐会、生产一件产品和盖一座大楼等，每一项任务都没有重复，所有的工序或作业环节都按一定秩序依次进行，有些工序可以并行作业，有些工序又必须顺序作业。三种生产流程的特征比较列于表3—3中。 表3—3 不同生产流程特征比较
二、生产流程设计的基本内容 生产流程设计所需要的信息包括产品信息、运作系统信息和运作战略，在设计过程中应考虑选择生产流程、垂直一体化研究、生产流程研究、设备研究和设施布局研究等方面的基本问题，慎重思考，合理选择，根据企业现状、产品要求合理配置企业资源，高效、优质和低耗地进行生产，有效满足市场需求。
高2020届高2017级高三选择题专项训练23(学生版)
2020届高考二轮复习非选择题强化训练三 26.以铬铁矿(主要成分为FeO和Cr2O3，含有Al2O3、SiO2等杂质)为主要原料生产化工原料红矾钠(主要成分为Na2Cr2O7·2H2O)，其主要工艺流程如下： 查阅资料得知： ⅰ.常温下，NaBiO3不溶于水，有强氧化性，在碱性条件下，能将Cr3＋转化为CrO2－4。 ⅱ. 回答下列问题： (1)反应之前先将矿石粉碎的目的是_______________________________________________。 (2)步骤③加的试剂为____________，此时溶液pH要调到5的目的_______________________。 (3)写出反应④的离子反应方程式： ________________________________________________________________________。 (4)⑤中酸化是使CrO2－4转化为Cr2O2－7，写出该反应的离子方程式： ________________________________________________________________________。 (5)将溶液H经过蒸发浓缩、冷却结晶、过滤、洗涤、干燥即得红矾钠粗晶体，精制红矾钠粗晶体需
要采用的操作是__________(填操作名称)。
27.氰化钠(NaCN)是一种基本化工原料，同时也是一种剧毒物质。一旦泄漏需要及时处理，一般可以通过喷洒双氧水或过硫酸钠(Na 2S 2O 8)溶液来处理，以减轻环境污染。 Ⅰ.(1)NaCN 用双氧水处理后，产生一种酸式盐和一种能使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝的气体，该反应的化学方程式是______________________________________________________________________。 Ⅱ.工业制备过硫酸钠的反应原理如下： 主反应：(NH 4)2S 2O 8＋2NaOH =====55℃ Na 2S 2O 8＋2NH 3↑＋2H 2O 副反应：2NH 3＋3Na 2S 2O 8＋6NaOH =====90℃ 6Na 2SO 4＋6H 2O ＋N 2 某化学小组利用上述原理在实验室制备过硫酸钠，并用过硫酸钠溶液处理含氰化钠的废水。 实验一：实验室通过如下图所示装置制备Na 2S 2O 8。 (2)装置中盛放双氧水的仪器名称是________。 (3)装置a 中反应产生的气体需要持续通入装置c 的原因是___________________。 (4)上述装置中还需补充的实验仪器或装置有________(填字母)。 A.温度计 B.洗气瓶 C.水浴加热装置 D.环形玻璃搅拌棒 实验二：测定用过硫酸钠溶液处理后的废水中氰化钠的含量。 已知：①废水中氰化钠的最高排放标准为0.50 mg· L － 1。 ②Ag ＋＋2CN －===[Ag(CN)2]－，Ag ＋＋I －===AgI↓，AgI 呈黄色，且CN －优先与Ag ＋ 反应。 实验如下：取1 L 处理后的NaCN 废水，浓缩为10.00 mL 置于锥形瓶中，并滴加几滴KI 溶液作指示剂，用1.0× 10－3mol·L －1的标准AgNO 3溶液滴定，消耗AgNO 3溶液的体积为5.00 mL 。 (5)滴定终点的现象是__________________________________________________________。 (6)处理后的废水是否达到排放标准？________(填“是”或“否”)。