2017届上海市高中英语十校联考试卷(含详细答案)

2017届上海市高中英语十校联考试卷

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Lightning Bolt Usain Bolt is the world?s fastest man. He first came to the public?s attention at the Beijing Olympics in 2008, where he won three gold medals. During that race, he reached a top speed of 43.9 kmph. So, we ask, how does the man (21)______ nickname is “Lightning Bolt” run so fast?

Usain Bolt was born in Jamaica on 21 August 1986. He was running around at primary school, when a teacher noticed (22)______ talent for sprinting（短跑）. He became one of the best sprinters at his high school even though he didn?t train very hard. At the age of fifteen, Bolt was 196 cm tall and he dominated the 2002 World Junior Championships, becoming the youngest person ever (23)______ (win) the 200 metres. He turned professional when he left high school, (24)______ (age) seventeen. During the first couple of years of Bolt?s professional life, he got a few injuries, but his health soon improved and he began to win all the major championships. He went from strength to strength, (25)______ (amaze) the world with his speed.

So, how does he do it? Bolt says that he is naturally fast—just something he was born (26)______. He?s also got a number of people looking after him and one of the main reasons for his success is Norman Peart, his manager. Peart (27)______(look) after Bolt since he was fifteen, working hard to keep him focused.

(28)______ you explain it, Bolt?s performances in Beijing were truly marvellous. What?s more marvellous is (29)______, si nce then, he has continued to get even faster. In August 2009, he broke his own record by running the 100 metres in 9.58 seconds. At the (30)______ (fast) point in this race, he ran at an astonishing 44.9 kmph.

Section B

A. attended

B. belief

C. classic

D.

commonly E. crew

F. evidence

G. further

H. origins

I.

purposes J. rebelled K. relatively

Columbus: Myth and Reality Everyone knows the name of Christopher Columbus, and, as with any historical icon, there are as many myths as truths about the man. Take, for example, the disagreement about his ___31___. The Spanish say he was from Spain, and the Italians claim he was from Italy. There is, in fact, some ___32___ that he was born in 1451 in Genoa, which is now part of Italy.

Columbus became a sailor at an early age and had made journeys as far as Iceland and Guinea before he made his famous voyage in 1482. Contrary to popular ___33___. Columbus didn?t sail to the Americas in order to find out whether the Earth was round: at the end of the 15th century almost everyone knew it was round. We do know that he sailed in part to fulfill a religious quest: he saw journeys as a fulfillment of a divine（神圣的）plan for his life.

Of course, the other ___34___ known reason for this voyage was that Columbus was looking for a new route to the Spice Islands (now part of Indonesia), and he believed he could reach them by sailing west rather than east. The discovery of the New World was therefore a(n) ___35___ case of “serendipity”（机缘凑巧）. In 1492, when he unexpectedly discovered the Americas, he had been traveling for five weeks and has sailed for 3,000 miles. He thought he had arrived in the East Indies.

Columbus left on the voyage of discovery from the south of Spain, with a(n) ___36___ made up mainly of experienced sailors from the area. He made two ___37___ voyages before the end of the century, taking Europeans across to the new lands. On his third voyage in 1498, he also took women to the New World.

This third voyage was not a happy one for Columbus. The settlers ___38___ against him, and he was unable to send a lot of gold back, so he was arrested and returned to Spain in chains. However, the King and Queen soon apologized, saying there had been a mistake, and Columbus was freed. By this time, 1500, Columbus was not a well man and he died quietly at the age of 55 in Valladolid, Spain, on May 20, 1506, in his own apartment ___39___ by family and friends. He was a(n) ___40___ rich man at the time of his death.

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Agree to Disagree In a world of 6.5 million opinionated people, arguments are sure to happen. Many

people see arguments as an inevitable and negative part of life. Inevitable, yes; ___41___, maybe not. Arguments can often lead to positive change—if you argue ___42___.

Arguing “well”

“There ___43___ is such a thing as a …healthy argument?,” says Marian Donahue, a huma n relations professional, San Diego. “In a healthy argument, one?s own goal should be to explain the issues in detail, to communicate the upset behind the issues, and to really seek to move forward toward a ___44___,” she says. “The minimum goal should be to preserve the relationship well enough to keep ___45___ alive.”What not to do

Nothing ___46___ a healthy argument like a personal attack, and personal attacks are a big no-no if you want an argument to end positively. Dina Connolly, a graduate student at Northwestern University, Illinois, says that when professional relationships start amassing（积累）personal baggage, ___47___ arguments are just around the corner.

“The structure or wall of professionalism collapses,” Connolly says, “taking down any filters as well. ___48___, after an individual interrupted and then corrected me while making a public speech, I later ended up in an argument where I completely lost my temper and raised my voice. I was embarrassed, and because my relationship with that person was already so deconstructed and unprofessional, I ___49___ with that person directly and u nprofessionally in an unfiltered attack.”

Don?t be ___50___ the heat

Donahue ___51___ that personal issues must be left at the door—but that doesn?t mean arguments won?t get heated. “Passion and conflict are ___52___ in an argument as long as you keep to the issue,” she says, “Attacking the other person is not useful. That kind of argument closes down the ___53___ on both sides to keep talking.”

By actively listening, many arguments can be ___54___ altogether. If you do find yourself in the thick of one, listening with an open mind can bring about a swift ___55___ to the argument and perhaps a positive resolution.

41. A. sure B. argumentative C. negative D. changing

42. A. confidently B. correctly C. heatedly D. hesitantly

43. A. definitely B. barely C. accidentally D. clearly

44. A. tendency B. destination C. purpose D. solution

45. A. explanation B. communication C. cooperation D. negotiation

46. A. kills B. helps C. keeps D. starts

47. A. heated B. healthy C. nasty D. fresh

48. A. For instance B. In addition C. As a result D. On the other hand

49. A. stayed B. fought C. chatted D. argued

50. A. keen on B. bored with C. afraid of D. eager for

51. A. agrees B. denies C. orders D. recalls

52. A. dependable B. invisible C. acceptable D. accessible

53. A. gratitude B. impression C. influence D. willingness

54. A. tracked B. avoided C. undertook D. grasped

55. A. pace B. end C. movement D. decision

Section B

(A)

Things changed for Ben Southall when the Australian state of Queensland advertised a job for someone to look after Hamilton Island in the Great Barrier Reef. They knew it sounded like the best job in the world, but they were surprised when over 35,000 people applied for the job. Then they had to make a difficult decision—which person to choose from so many candidates? After a lot of testing and interviewing, they announced 34-year-old Ben Southall from England as the winner. Ben now works for the Queensland Tourist Board and his job is to look after the island and to promote tourism there. Because of the unique nature of the job, the Tourist Board wanted a unique person, with a range of skills and qualities. It was a long interview process, involving a variety of tasks to find out about each candidate.

Fitness was very important; swimming ability was particularly essential. Ben can swim very well and he also likes running, climbing, diving and mountain biking. It is clear that, physically, he can do almost anything. The ability to communicate was as important as fitness. For the last part of the interview process, the final sixteen candidates did various tests and tasks, including talking to TV and radio reporters. The competition was touch and the candidates needed to show what they could do. The interviewers were interested in how the candidates performed in the tasks, how they handled the press attention and their ability to write about their adventures in a

daily log. The candidates did their best to impress the interviewers and they knew they couldn?t make any mistakes at this final stage.

Before he went, Ben was confident about his abilities to handle the challenge. He couldn?t do everything they asked him in the interview, as he can?t speak any other languages, but he felt that his other skills and his personality were impressive. He made a huge effort during the interview process and he was able to convince the interviewers that he was the best person for the job. Even so, he says he was amazed when he got the job; he couldn?t believe it! He hopes to do a good job and promote the island successfully: he has to get to know every part of the island and tell the world about it in numerous media interviews. When you read Ben?s blogs from his interview tasks, it is easy to see why they chose him. He is funny and easy-going and he will certainly get the attention of any potential tourist to this beautiful place.

56. According to the passage, Ben?s job includes all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A. knowing Hamilton Island very well

B. going to Hamilton Island once a day

C. being interviewed in different media

D. drawing travellers? attention to the island

57. During the interview process, the candidates were asked to ______.

A. go through a fitness training

B. take part in various TV shows

C. write about their own interviews

D. communicate with the press

58. Why was Ben chosen for the job?

A. He is easy to get along with.

B. He kept his personal blog very well.

C. He used to be a swimming champion.

D. He can several foreign languages.

59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. Hamilton Island gets well protected

B. The funniest job in the world

C. Ben gets dream job

D. Tourism in Australia

(B)

Preview Sections Before You Read

Each chapter consists of three, four, or five sections. These sections focus on shorter periods of time or on particular historical themes. Use the section openers to help you prepare to read.

① Study the sentences under the headings Main Idea and Why it Matters Now. These tell you what?s important in the material that you?re about to read.

②Preview the Terms & Names list. This will give you an idea of the issues and personalities you?ll encoun ter in the section.

③Read One American?s Story and A Personal Voice within it. These provide one individual?s view of an important issue of the time.

④ Notice the structure of the section. Blue heads label the major topics; red subheads signal smaller topics within a major topic. Together, these heads give you a quick

outline of the section.

60. The passage is most probably found in ______.

A. a magazine

B. a newspaper

C. a textbook

D. a guidebook

61. In which section is a reader most likely to find what a person thinks of a historical event?

A. Main Idea

B. Why It Matters Now

C. Terms & Names

D. One American?s Story

62. Heads are presented in different colours in order to ______.

A. gives readers a whole picture of the section

B. help readers find different kinds of topics

C. attract readers? atten tion, especially young readers

D. get readers to identify most important points

(C)

In 1851, Auguste Comte, the French philosopher and father of sociology, coined the new word altruism as part of a drive to create a non-religious religion based on scientific principles. He defined it as “intentional action for the welfa re of others that involves at least the possibility of either no benefit or a loss to the actor”. At that time, studies of animal behavior and phrenology（颅相学）led him to locate egotistical（自我本位的）instincts at the back of the brain, altruistic ones at the front. Today, we have a far more sophisticated knowledge of the neurological（神经学的）and biochemical factors that underpin kind behavior. And this science forms the bases of two books aimed at general readers—but also at those who, despite the research, still doubt the existence of altruism.

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