英语《形容词和副词的用法》举例汇编

英语《形容词和副词的用法》举例汇编概述

形容词和副词都是起修饰作用的词类，两者的区别之一就在于它们所修饰的对象不同。形容词主要用来说明或修饰名词或代词，描述名词或代词所代表人或事物的性质，增加或补充其含意，从而限制或缩小其适用范围。副词的主要功能是修饰动词，形容词或其它副词有时也可以修饰全句。

Boris has brains. In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class has a higher IQ.

保利斯有头脑。事实上，我怀疑班上是否有人比他智商高。（形容词修饰名词）

形容词

1、形容词的定义

形容词用来修饰和形容名词，表示名词的属性，补充说明它的意思。

a big house 一幢大房子

a new bicycle 一辆新自行车

2、形容词的语法功能

形容词修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、特征或状态，在句子中主要用作定语、表语、补足语、状语等。

（1）作定语

①前置定语

a.形容词作定语一般需放在它所修饰的名词之前并尽量靠近被修饰的词。在这种位置上的定语叫前置定语。语序一般为“冠词（或其他限定词）+形容词+名词”。

He is an honest boy.他是个诚实的孩子。

b.若有多个形容修饰名词，它们的位置要由它们与被修饰词的密切程度来决定。关系最密切的形容词靠近被修饰词，而关系较远的离被修饰词则相对较远。其排列顺序通常是：限定词＋描绘性形容词＋颜色＋国籍、地区＋用途、类别＋名词。

the happy and healthy children 幸福而健康的孩子们

-It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the last few sunny days at the seaside.

很好。我们拜访了朋友，在海边度过最后几天阳光明媚的日子。

巧记形容词的排列顺序：

“县官行令谢国材”帮你掌握英语里形容词的排列次序。

“县”(限)代表限定词，包括：冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。

“官”（观）代表表示观点的描绘性形容词。

“行”(形)代表表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词。

“令”（龄）代表表示年龄、新、旧的形容词。

“谢”（“色”的近似音）代表表示颜色的形容词等。

“国”代表表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词(名词)等。

“材”则代表形成中心名词的材料的形容词。stone,wooden，silk，plastic 等。

多个形容词同时修饰同一个名词时，就按上述顺序排列，然后加上中心名词。

c.以er 结尾的形容

词，elder(eldest),inner, other, upper, lower, latter, o uter, hinder, utter,lesser(也包括daily,weekly)只能作前置定语。

d. 以 en 结尾的形容词，如 wooden, leaden, golden, silken, woolen, brazen,等形容词，作前置定语。

②后置定语

有些形容词作定语要放在被修饰词之后，在这种位置上的定语叫后置定语。形容词作后置定语通常有一定的原因。

a.作不定代词的定语

作不定代词 someone, something, somebody; anyone, anything,

anybody, everyone,everything everybody; nothing, no one nobody 的定语时，定于后置。

注意：如果上述词作名词表示其他含义时，形容词作定语需前置。

Her husband is a real nothing.她丈夫是个微不足道的人。

b.前缀以 a-构成的形容词作定语时要求后置。

常见的有 afraid, alive, alone, alike, ashamed, asleep, afloat, awake 等。

c. 形容词短语作定语时要后置

这些形容词短语多是由“形容词+介词短语/不定式短语”构成。

It is a problem difficult to solve.这是一个难解决的问题。

He is a boy good at sports.他是个擅长体育运动的孩子。

d.形容词成对使用时

由 and/or 连接的并列形容词成对使用时后置。

e. 同表示方位、时间和数量等习语、词组连用时后置。

f.某些作形容词非限定性定语时后置。

（2）作表语

①在连系动词后要用形容词作表语。常见的连系动词有:be(是)，look(看起来)，feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听

起来)，get/become/grow (变得)，go/ come （变），remain（保持）。而行为动词则要用副词修饰。

②只能用作表语的形容词

大多数形容词可以用作定语或表语，但有些形容词只能用作表语。

a.以“a-”开头的形容词

asleep 睡着的 afraid 害怕的 awake 醒着的 alone 孤单的

alive 活着的 ashamed 羞耻的 alike 相似的

③有些形容词是以-ly 结尾的，我们容易把它们误认为是副词，如lovely(可爱的)，friendly(友

好的)，orderly(有序的)，slightly(悦耳的)，motherly(母亲般的)，sisterly(姐妹般的)，

brotherly(兄弟般的)。

She looks lovely.她看上去很漂亮。

（3）宾语的补足语

形容词作宾语补足语即与宾语一起构成复合宾语，和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。

We keep the lab clean and tidy.我们保持实验室干净、整洁。

（4）作状语

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