高中英语阅读理解事实细节题.doc

阅读

第 1 讲事实细节题

理解是高考英理解中占比重最大的一型, 的理解。主要who, what, which, why, how, when, where 文章中某一特定的,也可能涉及若干个。旨在考考生事

等来提 ,可能只

【考纲解读】

1.从近几年施的考来看，不是数量增加，而且度也稍有增加，表：答案

需要跨段落搜集信息；目置序与全文序不一致；目信息与原文信息表达方式不一

致。

2.以考言运用能力主，考言知，考的重点将向篇能力的运用方面斜，要求考生运用自己

的合能力和知构去解。

【命题规律】

考理解文章主要的，命人一般都是通文章加以改写来考准确理解的能力。

有可能是直接理解，但多数情况下是接理解。要求在理解的基上，通思将理解的内容系化，条理化，比如算，排序，等。

【命题趋势】

事呈增多。目将由的找信息向多次推理合，答案需要跨段落搜集信息，考事的不太多。

【常考点清单】

of the following is true/false/mentioned

does the writer pay least attention to

the right order of the events given in the passage

of the following statements may be true/false except

of the following is not the result of?.

?..

【重点难点】

1.语义转换

[ 技巧点]

然的答案一般可以在文章中直接或接地找到 , 确是几乎没有的。而是用不同的或句型表达相同的意思但是与材料一模一的正,即意。解注意

以下几点：

1.序性原：一般来,序与其眼在文章中的序相同。如第53 的答案信息会在第52 的答案信息之后。

2.定位信息点：通法(scanning),用干中的关在文中搜索,迅速确定相关

句或信息点所在的位置 , 缩小阅读范围。题干中可用来在文中搜索的关键词可能是专有名

词、数词、实体名词 , 以及这些词的同义表达等。

3.理解信息点：在找到关键词句后, 要仔细阅读 , 准确理解 , 对照选项 , 看哪个选项的意

思与之最接近。

4.排除干扰项：在作出选择的过程中 , 要善于辨别真伪 , 排除干扰 , 不断缩小范围 , 选出正确答案 , 这就是我们常说的排除法。干扰项一般具有以下特征：

(1)杜撰事实 , 无中生有。文中根本找不到任何相关信息, 完全由命题人所捏造。

(2)偷梁换柱 , 以假乱真。采用原文中的句式和大部分词汇 , 但换了个别词 , 改变了原意或范围。

(3)半真半假 , 虚虚实实。干扰项与原文相关细节部分相同, 部分相悖。

(4)文不对题,滥竽充数。干扰项是文中的事实细节,但与题干要求不符。

[ 经典例题 ] ----

In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out

the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes

them happy.

From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel

sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that ’s in them.

1.The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ____.

A. they offer their help

B. they receive others’ help

C. they feel others’ kindness

2.The author feels sad sometimes because ____.

A. he has a soft heart

B. he relies much on others

C. some people pretend to be kind

D. some people fail to see the kindness in others

2. 是非判断

[ 技巧点拨 ]

这里的是非判断题,主要是指true或not true,以及含except 这类题 ,一定要看清,是选与文章内容相符的选项还是选不相符的选项

谈及的内容。

特别注意： NOT true这类题，要求选出一个错误选项,也就是说的。考生千万不要看到一个正确选项时,就以为这是要选的正确答案呀错。 Not true这类题涉及的信息点跨度大,要注意作记号。

[ 经典例题 ]-- 等词的这类题。解答,或是选文中没有

,有三个选项是正确,这点非常容易出

Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food

can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious,

but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.

Certain microorganisms(微生物)cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and

other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release ( 释放 )poisons that make people sick.

Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processes, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those

chemicals when they eat the crops.

Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.

When people handle food properly,the risk of food poisoning is very small...

of the following statements is NOT true

A. Food poisoned can make people sick.

2.Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT ____.

A. some chemicals

B. low temperatures

C. some tiny living things

D.

certain natural materials

【课堂练习】

【1】 For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years

go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I

control and what you do

Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict

A. Both can continue for generations

B. Both are about where to draw the line

C. Neither has any clear winner

D. Neither can be put to an end

【2】 The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial

expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how

accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular

eye movement strategies.

What were the people asked to do in the study

A. To make a face at each other.

B. To get their faces impressive.

C. To classify some face pictures.

D. To observe the researchers’ faces.

【3】After World War Ⅱ, the population of most large American cities decreased;

however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts （转移） to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs.

Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War Ⅱ

A. Because older American cities were dying.

B. Because they were richer and needed more space.

C. Because cities contained the worst pare of society.

D. Because they could hardly afford a live in the city.

【 4】When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mother’s Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.

【 5】 It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries. Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived. They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog ’s legs. However, they did not have enough frogs

of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.

From paragraph 1 we learn that the villagers __________.

A. worked very hard for centuries

B. dreamed of having a better life

C. were poor but somewhat content

D. lived a different life from their forefathers 【 6】During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.

Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes A． To find more food. B ． To protect themselves better.

C． To keep themselves warm. D ． To produce their young.

【课后巩固练习】

【 1】 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious,

but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.

We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning _________.

A. are always accompanied by a fever

B. are too common to be noted

C. can be noticed within hours

D. can be ignored

【 2】Modern inventions have speeded up people ’s lives amazingly. Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour, aircraft cross the world a day, while

computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boasts （吹嘘） of saving precious seconds in handling tasks.

The new products become more and more time-saving because ______..

A. our love on speed seems never-ending

B. time is limited

C. the prices are increasingly high

D. the manufacturers boast a lot

【 3】 Too much TV- watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to

examine the effects of television on children.

One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders.Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.

According to the California study, the low-scoring group might _________.

A. have watched a lot of TV

B. not be interested in math

C. be unable to go to college

D. have had computers in their bedrooms

【4】 Her job in travel writing began some eight years ago. After getting a PhD in

English in Canada, she took a test for Frommer's travel guides, passed it, and got the

job. After working at Frommer's, Jarolim worked for a while at Rough Guides in

London, then Fodor's, where she fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the U.S. that she moved there.

Now as a travel writer, she spends one-third of her year on the road. The

rest of the time is spent completing her tasks and writing reviews of restaurants

at home in Tucson, Arizona.

Which country does Jarolim live in now

A. Mexico.

B. The U.S.

C.

The D. Canada

【5】 Amy Johnson was born on July 1, 1903, in Hull Yorkshire and lived there

until she went to Sheffield University in 1923 to read for a BA. After graduating, she

moved on to work as a secretary to a London solicitor （律师） where she also became interested in flying. Amy began to learn to fly at the London Aeroplane Club in the winter of 1928-1929 and her hobby soon became an all-consuming determination, not

simply to make a career in aviation （航空） ,but to succeed in some projects, which would demonstrate to the world that women could be as competent （能干） as men in hitherto （迄今为止） male dominated field.

Her first important achievement, after flying solo, was to qualify as the first British-trained woman ground engineer. For a while she was the only woman G:E. in

the world.

Early in 1930, she chose her objective: to fly solo （ fly by herself ）to Australia and to beat Bert Hinkler ’s record of 16 days. At first, her efforts to raise

financial （经济的） support failed, but finally Lord Wakefield shared the 600 pound purchase prices of a used DH Gypsy Moth （ GAAAH） and it was named Jason after the family business trademark.

Amy set off alone in a single engine Gypsy Moth from Groyson on May 5, 1930,

and landed in Darwin on May 24, an epic flight of 11,000 miles. She was the first

woman to fly alone to Australia.

In July 1931, she set an England to Japan record in a Puss Moth with Jack Humphreys. In July 1932, she set a record from England to Capetown, solo, in a Puss Moth. In

May, 1936, she set a record from England to Capetown, solo, in a Percival Gull ,

a flight to retrieve （ gain again ） her 1932 record.

With her husband, Jim Mollison, she also flew in a DH Dragon nonstop from Pendine Sands, South Wales, to the United States in 1933. They also flew nonstop in record

time to India in 1934 in a DHComet in the England to Australia air race. The Mollisons were divorced in 1938.

After her commercial flying ended with the outbreak of World War II in 1939,

Amy joined the Air Transport Auxiliary, a pool of experienced pilots who were

ineligible （不合格）for RAFservice. Her flying duties consisted of ferrying （ carrying by plane ） aircraft from factory airstrip （起落地带）to RAF （英国皇家空军） bases.

1.What did Amy Johnson do after she graduated from Sheffield University

A. She became a secretary to a London solicitor.

B. She went to the air force.

C. She became the first female group engineer in the world.

D. She began to learn to fly at an aero plane club.

2.Which of the following is false

A. Amy Johnson spent her childhood in Sheffield.

B. In Amy Johnson ’s time, aviation was a male dominated field.

C. Amy Johnson flew solo for several times.

D. Amy Johnson was the first woman to fly alone to Australia.

3. According to the passage, how many records Amy had set

A. Three .

B. Four .

C. Five .

D. Six .

4. Howdid Amysolve the financial problem when in early 1930 she chose her objective:

to fly solo to Australia and to beat Bert Hinkler ’s record of 16 days

A. She successfully raised financial support.

B. She shared the money necessary for the flight with her husband.

C. A businessman shared the purchase price of a used plane with Amy ’s father.

D. Her father gave her the money.

高中阅读理解细节题解题技巧及练习

阅读专题-----细节题 一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。细节事实理解题 主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题 两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就 能得分，属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类 题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。 这类试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的确定。这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若 干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。此类试题一般又可分为两类： 一是直接理解题，答案可在原文中直接找到;二是词义转换题，答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换，而不能 在原文中直接找到。 一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。）语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工 或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题 型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (not) correct? Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except… Which of the following statements is true/NOT true/false, according to the passage? Choose the right order of the events given in the passage? 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重 要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属 于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问 题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找 到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： 1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障 碍。 3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： 1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事 情。 3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要 回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。

中考英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题

xx英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题 和推理判断题的解题技 巧 中考英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题和推理判断题的解题技巧细节理解题 阅读理解是中考的必考题型，因为它能全面快速地反映出学生的英语水平。阅读理解题型有很多种，但从命题角度来看，通常可以分为四种：即事实细节题、推理判断题、猜测词义题和主旨大意题。 事实理解题主要考查学生对文章中的细节与具体事实的把握能力，内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果和目的等，属于浅层次的理解题，难度较低。同学们需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，发现文章中的细节信息，然后遵循由整体到细节的原则，把握作者的思路，按全文—段落—词语的步骤来解题。 一、命题特点 事实细节题的考点非常明确，主要有以下几处： 1、列举信息处常考。 文章中first…second, to begin with, in addition, on one hand, on the other hand等并列关系出现的地方，常会要求考生从所列的内容 中，选择符合题干要求的选项。 2、举列与打比方之处常考。 考生要对那些引出例子或比喻的标志词，如as, such as, forexample, for instance等加以注意，因为这些词是作者为使自己的观点更具说服力而用来引出具体事例的，这些事例就是常考的细节处。

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阅读理解细节理解题解题技巧 尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍然占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查同学们对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。 一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why 和how 等提问。）语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (not) correct? Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except… 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。 做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： 1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。 3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： 1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。 3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四” ，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。下面结合最新高考试题，对细节题的不同类型加以解读。

高考英语阅读理解细节理解类型题

1．题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。)、语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等 抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (NOT) correct? Which of the following statements is (NOT) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true EXCEPT… 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 2．解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： (1)对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 (2)词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。 (3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 (4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易 把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： (1)将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 (2)把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。 (3)无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 (4)偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 (5)文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提出的问题。 下面结合最新高考试题，对细节题的不同类型加以解读。 1．直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给

D_阅读理解之事实细节题——真题再现

阅读理解之事实细节题——真题再现【2015·湖北】 The oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples. First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challen ges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping b ag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping a stronaut the look of a funny balled （芭蕾）dancer. “I’m an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six- month tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.” On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the America n astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache. On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the Ameri can astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomput er anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one pl ace too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的） cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon- dioxide headache. Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.Your inner ear thinks you’re falli ng . Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days —

高考英语阅读理解细节理解题的解题步骤和方法

细节理解题的解题步骤和方法 一、教学引入 细节理解题.是高考英语阅读理解最重要的一类题型。根据我的分类，所有的阅读理解题型按照答案在文中出现的位置和形式不通，可以分为细节理解和主旨大意两大类，而前一类在整个题量当中大概会占到80%甚至以上的比例。 二、细节理解题的分类 细节理解题的答案往往不是文章中的细节在选项中的简单重复，而是根据文中的细节经过合理的推理或转化得出的。 1．同样，按照答案在原文中出现的位置，细节理解题可以分为集中型细节理解题和分散型细节理解题。 （1）集中型：就文章的单个细节提问，答案在原文中出现的位置一般也位于单句话或几句话中。 因为具体细节不同，出题形式千变万化，因题而异。如： 【2010江苏】57. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably 【2010上海】70.. As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that （2）分散型：题目涉及到文章某一段或几段，甚至贯穿全文的各个位置，需要考生寻找文章中的多个细节。请注意，分散型细节理解题并不意味着题目的正确答案出现在文章的不同位置，正确答案往往也是关于文章的某一个句子或细节。只是说文章的干扰选项是关于不同的细节，需要我们在定位的时候阅读某一个区域。分散型细节理解题常见的出题方式有： Which of the following is not true? We can learn/infer from the passage that… Which of the follow ing is NOT mentioned about …? 也有因题而异的，有些看似集中的其实也分散在文中，需要考生仔细定位。如： 【2010江苏】61. Some people are against killing wolves because . 原文所陈述的原因有很多段，而并不是单个的句子。 2. 就题目形式而言，细节理解题的表现形式是多种多样的，最常见的有： （1）文章细节：针对文中细节直接提问 （2）指代判断：判断文中某个代词或特定词组的指代关系 （3）图表数据：对题目中的图标和数据进行简单的计算 （4）词义猜测：推测文中某个词或词组的含义 （5）顺序排列：选择文中细节出现的正确的时间顺序或逻辑顺序 （6）态度目的：作者在文中引入某个细节的目的，或对某个细节或细节人物的态度 三、细节理解解题方法 三大法宝：顺序原则、定位词、排除法 1. 把握解题的顺序原则。一般来说隐含题目答案的位置与题目的顺序是一致的，这能帮助我们缩小寻找范围，大大提高效率。我们做题时可以采用采用步步为营法，看一题做一题。 【2010广东】 C Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly, The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms. Certain microorganisms (微生物) cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (释放) poisons that make people sick. Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepaid. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops. Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms. When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with ditty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from gnawing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat raid mushrooms or other foods that