高级英语第一册1~6课课文解析与答案

第一单元

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4) The pole is attached at the one end to an upright post around which it can revolve, and at the other to a blind-folded camel, which walks constantly in a circle, providing the motive power to turn the stone wheel.

翻译：磙轴的一端与一根立柱相连，使石磙可以绕立柱作旋转运动，另一端则套在一头蒙着眼罩的骆驼身上，通过骆驼不停地绕圈子走动来带动石磙旋转。

5) The machine is operated by one man, who shovels the linseed pulp into a stone vat, climbs up nimbly to a dizzy height to fasten ropes, and then throws his weight on to a great beam made out of a tree trunk to set the ropes and pulleys in motion. Ancient girders creak and groan, ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can. Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occasional grunts and sighs of the camels.

翻译：这套装置是由一个人操作的。他先将亚麻籽浆铲入一只大石缸里，继而动作利索地爬上令人头晕目眩的高处系牢缆索，然后全身使劲压在一根用树干做成的粗大的横梁上，带动缆索的滑轮装置运转。古木大梁压得嘎吱作响，缆索开始绷紧，接着便见一滴滴的油沿着一条石槽流入一只废旧汽油桶里。随着大梁越压越低，缆索越绷越紧，大梁的嘎吱声，石磙的辘辘声，以及骆驼不时发出的咕噜咕噜的呼吸声和叹息声响成一片，榨出的油也很快地由涓滴细流变成了一股晶莹发亮、奔腾不止的洪流。

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1)一条蜿蜒的小路淹没在树荫深处。

1)A zig-zag path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods.

3）我真不知道到底是什么事让他如此生气。

3)I really don't know what it is that has made him so angry

5）在山的那边是一望无际的大草原。

5)Beyond the mountains there is a vast grassland that extends as far as the eye can see.

9）为实现四个现代化，我们认为有必要学习外国的先进科学技术。

9)To achieve the four modernization, we make a point of learning from the advanced science and technology of other countries.

11）徒工仔细地观察他的师傅，然后照着干。

11)The apprentice watched his master carefully and then followed suit.

第二单元

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2) T he cab driver’ s door popped open at the very sight of a traveler.

2)As soon as the taxi driver saw a traveler, he immediately opened the door.

4) I experienced a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks.

4)1 suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the scene of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks only.

6) After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.

6)After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual to show gratitude．

8) I thought somehow I had been spared.

8)I thought for some reason or other no harm had been done to me．

P21

2)―There are two different schools of thought in this city of oysters, one that would like to preserve

traces of the bomb, and the other that would like to get rid of everything, even the monument that was

erected at the point of impact."

翻译：在这个以牡蛎闻名的城市里有两种截然不同的意见，一种主张保存原子弹爆炸留下的痕迹，另一种则主张销毁一切痕迹，甚至要拆除立于爆炸中心的纪念碑。

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5)他陷入沉思之中，没有理会同伴们在谈些什么。

5)He was so deep in thought that he was oblivious of what his friends were talking about.

8）这件事长期以来一直使我放心不下。

8)I have had the matter on my mind for a long time.

10）大家在几分钟以后才领悟他话中的含意。

10)It was only after a few minutes that his words sank in.

11）土壤散发着青草的气味。

11)The soil smells of fresh grass.

第三单元

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3)The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the

strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posed by changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hopes. Some argue that a new ultimate technology, whether nuclear power or genetic engineering, will solve the problem. Others hold that only a drastic reduction of our reliance on technology can improve the conditions of life – a simplistic notion at best.

But the real solution will be found in reinventing and finally healing the relationship between civilization and the earth. This can only be accomplished by undertaking a careful reassessment of all the factors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship. The transformation of the way we relate to the earth will of course involve new technologies, but the key changes will involve new ways of thinking about the relationship itself.

翻译：当前人类文明对全球环境的威胁的战略实质以及全球环境的变化对人类文明的威胁的战略实质向我们提出了一系列相似的挑战，同时也使我们产生了一些自欺欺人的期望。有的人认为，有了某种崭新的终极技术——不管是核能还是基因工程——就可以解决这个问题。还有的人则认为，只有大大减少我们对技术的依赖才能改善人类的生存环境——这种看法充其量是一种简单化的看法。真正的解决办法要从重新设计以及最终弥合文明与地球间的关系中去寻找。要完成这一点，只有通过重新仔细估量导致这种关系在较近时期内发生的剧烈变化的所有各种因素才行。改变我们与地球的关系的途径当然会涉及到新技术的发明和应用，但关键的变化将与对这种关系本身的新的思路有关。

第四单元

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2)只要你为人正直，不怕失去什么，那你对任何人都不会畏惧。

2)If you are upright and not afraid of losing anything, you will be able to look anyone in the eye.

4)这件衬衫与裙子的颜色和式样都不相配。

4) This blouse doesn't match the color or the style of the skirt.

6)我怎么也不能想象你能做出不光彩的事来。

6)I can't imagine you doing disgraceful things.

8)这位官员在下汽车时碰到两个恐怖分子。

8)Stepping off from the car, the official was confronted by two terrorists.

10)这个消息使她大为震惊，但她很快就镇定了下来。

10)She was shocked at the news, but before long she recomposed herself.

12）他们的生活方式可以追溯到一千多年前他们的祖先所开创的古老传统。12)Their way of life could be traced to the ancient traditions handed down to them by their ancestors more than one thousand years ago.

第五单元

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2) Winant said the same would be true of the U. S. A.

2)Winant said the United States would adopt the same attitude.

4) I will unsay no word that I have spoken about it.

4)I will not take back a single word of what I have said about Communism.

6) We shall be strengthened not weakened in determination and in resources。

6) We shall be more determined and shall make better and fuller use of our resources.

2) If Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken.

翻译：如果希特勒认为他对苏维埃俄国的进攻会使那些决心埋葬他的伟大的民主国家稍稍转移目标或松懈斗志的话，那他就大错特错了。

He hopes that he may once again repeat, upon a greater scale than ever before, that process of destroying his enemies one by one by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and that then the scene will be clear for the final act, without which all his couquests would be in vain -- namely, the subjugation of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system.

翻译：他期望能以空前的规模再度重演他长期以来赖以发迹的将敌手各个击破的故伎，然后便可以腾出场地来演出最后的一幕——将整个西半球置于他的控制和统治之下。他知道，如果做不到这一点，他的全部战果都将化为泡影。

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1)这对农村和城市都一样适用。

1)This is true of the rural area as well as of the urban area.

3)我不记得他是怎么说的，但我肯定他讲话的大意是那样的。

3)I don't remember his exact words, but I'm sure he did say something to that effect.

5)在那个国家只剩下百分之九的人是文盲。

5)Only 9% of the population in that country remains illiterate.

7)客人们对受到的热情接待感到过意不去。

7)The guests were overwhelmed by the warm reception.

9)他们的困难就是我们的困难，正如我们把他们的胜利看作是我们自己的胜利一样。

9)Their difficulty is our difficulty just as we view their victory as our own victory.

第六单元

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Ⅳ．

IV.

1)advertisement 2)brassiers 3)doctor 4)refrigerator 5)gymnasium 6)high fidelity(radio, photography, etc. ) 7) intercommunication system 8)liberation 9)memorandum 10)microphone 11)modern 12)permanent wave 13)poliomyelitis 14)popular-song 15)preparatory (school) 16)professor 17)sister 18)television 19)veterinarian 20)zoological

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1)不用着急，慢慢来

1)There is no call for hurry．Take your time．

他企图尽一切办法掩盖事情的真相。

3)He tried every means to conceal the fact．

如不另行通知，我们的会在明天上午十点开。

5)We will have our meeting at 10 tomorrow morning unless notified otherwise．

假定五点出发，我们在黄昏前能到达那里吗？

7)Would it be possible to reach that place before dark assuming we set out at 5 o'clock(in the morning)? 我知道你是南方人，一听你的口音就知道了。

9)I know you are from the South. Your accent has betrayed you.

第七单元

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1）The microelectronic revolution promises to ease ,enhance and simplify life in ways undreamed of even by the utopians.

1）The breakthrough in microelectronics will change people's lives in ways no one has ever thought of before.

3)The computer might appear to be a dehumanizing factor ,but the opposite is in fact true .

3)The computer might appear to make human beings machinelike，but it can bring some human qualities into our lives as well．

5) The widest benefits of the electronic revolution will accrue to the young .

5)It is the young Americans who will gain most of the advantages from the electronic revolution．

1）Just as the Industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks from men's muscles and enormously expanded productivity, so the microcomputer is rapidly assuming huge burdens of drudgery from the human brain and thereby expanding the mind’ s capacities in ways that man has only begun to grasp.

翻译：正如工业革命替人类承担了大量繁重的体力劳动，并极大地发展了生产力一样，微型计算机正迅速地替人类承担起大量繁重的脑力劳动，并以人们现在才开始掌握的各种方式扩大了人脑的功能。

4）Certainly the miracle chip will affect American life in ways both benign and productive. The computer revolution is stimulating intellects, liberating limbs and propellingvmankind to a higher order of existence.

翻译：神奇的集成电路片必然会以既有益又有效的方式影响美国生活，计算机革命正在促进人的智力发展，解放人的四肢，将人类生活提到一个更高的水平。

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这个装置能够在一两秒钟之内把信息发到另一个半球去.

2)This device is capable of sending messages to the other hemisphere within a couple of seconds.

请你给我简要的总结一下上周的新闻.

6)Please give me a rundown of last week's news.

再过若干年,普通的家庭都可以买得起电视机了.

8)In a few years, the TV set will be within the reach of the average family.

据估计,到今年年底,全世界将有十二万个机器人在各个岗位上为人类服务.

11)It is estimated that by the end of this year there will be 120 000 machine men(robots) working at various posts in service of the human race．

第八单元

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1) Where he saw internal memos, someone else saw Beethoven.

He imagined that the machine could record informal communication between departments in a company but other people thought it could be used to record music.

3) Say you shoot a viden that you think is particularly artsy.

For example, you film a video which you think has special artistic pretensions.

5) Another electronic library filled with realistic video versions of arcade shoot-em-ups.

another electronic Library which has a large number of video tapes with recordings of the actual shootings and killings available in video game shops

7) ordering pay-for-view movies and running up their credit card bills on the Home Shopping Network. ordering films which you will pay for watching and getting bills piled up by doing shopping at home paying with creditcards

9) "Interactivity" may be the biggest buzzword of the moment, but "convergence" is a close second. "Interactivity" for the time being may be the most used word which has little meaning but sounds impressive to outsiders while "convergence" follows "interactivity" closely in the second place in frequency.

11) The solution: fiber optics.

The solution to the problem is t0 use fiber optics?

13) Imagine the conversation: "Have I got a compatible user for you! "

Try to think what the conversation would be like：―I have got a user who will suit you fine!‖

4)If the tolls for using the information highway are too high, interactivity may widen the gap between

the haves and the have-nots, the rich and the wired vs. the poor and unplugged. Some plans call for charging hundreds of dollars for the "black box" in the first phase of interactivity. Other plans are cheaper, but would still levy a fee for services used. One suggestion is to make much of the data free to all users, similar to the way public libraries lend out books. If that happens, some experts think that the new technology may eventually have a democratizing effect. Access to a universal information library could equalize opportunity. "It's a shift from elitism to populism, " says Bernard Luskin, president of Philips Interactive Media of America.

翻译: 如果对信息公路收费过高，相互作用就会扩大富人与穷人、有钱联网者和无钱联网者之间的差距。有的计划要求在相互作用的第一阶段对―黑盒子‖收几百美元。其他计划便宜一些，但仍然要对使用这些设施收费。一种意见是免费向所有用户提供大部分资料，就跟公共图书馆对外借书一样。如果真能那样．有些专家认为新技术可能最终会有一种民主化的效果。人人有机会使用信息库可能使机会均等，―这是从杰出人物统治论转向类似人民党主义的做法，‖美国菲利浦相互作用媒介公司的伯纳德?鲁斯金说道。

IV. The following words are initials or acronyms formed from the first letters of a series of words. Write out the full forms for the following and then put them into Chinese:

1) PC2) DAT

3) CAD4) CAM

5) UNDP 6) UNITAR

7) WHO8) UFO

9) IMF 10) MFN

11) SDRs12) FOB

1)personal computer私人电脑5

2)differential aptitude test鉴别能力倾向测验

3)computer aided designing计算机辅助设计

4)computer aided manufacturing计算机辅助制造

5)United Nations Development Programme联合国发展方案(联合国发展署)

6)United Nations Institute for Training and Research联合国训练研究所

7)World Health Organization世界卫生组织(联合国)

8)unidentified flying object不明飞行物，飞碟

9)International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织

10)most favored nation最惠国

11)Special Drawing Rights(国际货币基金组织的)特别提款权

12)free on board装运港船上交货

2）这种裙子的各种尺码都有。

The dress is available in all sizes．

4)孩子们玩电子游戏玩得特别开心.

The children have lots of fun playing the video games．

6）―Tailoring‖（人才培训）目前是跨国公司主管人员办公室中最流行的行话。

Right now．―tailoring‖ is the buzzword in executive suites of multinational corporations

8）一些小报竭力迎合一部分读者的低级趣味以便赚钱。

Some tabloids are trying hard to cater to the low taste of some readers for the sake of making money．10）一个能容纳八万观众的体育馆正在兴建之中。

A stadium with a seating capacity of 80 000 is under construction．

12）只有少数几个人了解这个案子的细节。

Only a few people had access to the details of the case.

14）这两名选手竞争激烈，他们密切监视对方的每一行动。

The two rivals competed with each other so fiercely that they kept tabs on every move of the opponent. 16）他对各种新鲜事物都感兴趣，对电脑更是特别喜爱。

He is keen on all kinds of new things and has preference for computers.

高级英语第一册课文词汇及短语

Lesson 1 词汇(Vocabulary) Bazaar (n.) : (in Oriental countries)a market or street of shops and stalls(东方国家的)市场，集市 ----------------------------------------------------------------- cavern (n．) : a cave，esp．a large cave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞) ----------------------------------------------------------------- shadowy (adj.) : dim；indistinct模糊的；朦胧的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: cornflowerblue" color=white>harmonious (adj．) : having musical tones combined to give a pleasing effect；consonant(音调)和谐的，悦耳的／harmoniously adv． ----------------------------------------------------------------- throng (n.) :a great number of people gathered together；crowd人群；群集 ----------------------------------------------------------------- conceivable (adj.) : that can be conceived，imagined 可想象的，想得到的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- din (n.) : a loud，continuous noise喧闹声，嘈杂声 ----------------------------------------------------------------- would-be ( adj．) : intended to be预期成为……的；将要成为……的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- muted (adj.) : (of a sound)made softer than is usual(声音)减弱的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- vaulted ( adj．) : having the form of a vault；arched 穹窿形的；拱形的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- sepulchral(n．) : a cave，esp．a large cave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞) ----------------------------------------------------------------- shadowy (adj.) : suggestive of the grave or burial；dismal；gloomy坟墓般的；阴森森的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- guild ( n．) : any association for mutual aid and the promotion of common interests互助会；协会 ----------------------------------------------------------------- trestle (n.) :a frame consising of a horizontal beam fastened to two pairs of spreading legs，used to support planks to form a table，platform，etc．支架；脚手台架；搁凳----------------------------------------------------------------- impinge (v．) : strike，hit，or dash；have an effect 撞击，冲击，冲撞；对……具有影响 ----------------------------------------------------------------- fairyland (n.) : the imaginary land where the fairies live；a lovely enchanting place仙境；奇境 ----------------------------------------------------------------- burnish ( v．) : make or become shiny by rubbing；polish擦亮；磨光；抛光 ----------------------------------------------------------------- brazier ( n.) : a metal pan，bowl，etc．，to hold burning coals or charcoal，as for warming a room or grilling food火盆；火钵 ----------------------------------------------------------------- dim ( v．) :make or grow unclear(使)变暗淡；(使)变模糊 ----------------------------------------------------------------- rhythmic /rhythmical ( adj．) :having rhythm有韵律的；有节奏的／rhythmically adv ----------------------------------------------------------------- bellows ( n.) :(sing．&p1.)a device that produces a stream of air through a narrow tube when its sides are pressed together(used for blowing fires，etc．)(单复同)风箱 ----------------------------------------------------------------- intricate ( adj．) :complex；hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships；full of elaborate detail错综复杂的；精心制作的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- exotic ( adj．) :strange or different in a way that is striking or fascinating奇异的；异常迷人的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- sumptuous ( adj．) :involving great expense；costly lavish豪华的；奢侈的；昂贵的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- maze ( n.) : ----------------------------------------------------------------- ( n.) :a confusing，intricate network of winding pathways 迷津；迷宫；曲径 ----------------------------------------------------------------- honeycomb ( v．) :fill with holes like a honeycomb使成蜂窝状 ----------------------------------------------------------------- mosque ( n.) :a Moslem temple or place of worship清真寺；伊斯兰教堂

新人教版PEP小学六年级英语上册全册课课练

新编新人教版PEP小学六年级英语上册全册课课练一课一 练习题及答案 小学英语六年级上册堂堂清训练题 Unit 1 How can I get there? 第一课时 一、看图写出相应的单词或短语 ___________________ ________________ ____________________ ______________________ _______________________ 二、对话排序 ( )Sure ( )Excuse me. Can you help me? ( )Thanks ( )How can I get to the science museum? ( )It’s over there 第二课时

一、根据首字母填入合适的单词 1、 There are many books in the b_______. 2、 Some robots are in the s________ m________. 3、 I want to go to the c________. 4、 Where is the h________? It’s n______ to the school. 二、选出不同类的单词 ( )1、A. science B. math C. book D. Chinese ( )2、A. bookstore B. science C. museum D. cinema ( )3、A. talking B. sing C. running D. jumping ( )4、A. hospital B. ten C. park D. zoo ( )5、A. Sarah B. John C. robot D. Am 第三课时 一、选出各单词缺少的字母或字母组合 ( )1、cro___ing A.oo B.ss C.os D.es ( )2、t___n A.tu B.ur C.ru D.un ( )3、s__r A.o B.i C.a D.e ( )4、__sk A.o B.i C.a D.e ( )5、ri___t A.gg B.ht C.gh D.ge 二、根据汉语提示，写出英语单词 1. We can send a letter in the _______________.(邮局) 2. We can see the films at the ______________.(电影院) 3. If you are sick, we should go to the __________.(医院) 4. We can buy some books in the _____________.(书店) 第四课时 一、连线

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最新人教版PEP小学六年级英语上册全册课课练一课一练习题及答案

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1、 There are many books in the b_______. 2、 Some robots are in the s________ m________. 3、 I want to go to the c________. 4、 Where is the h________? It’s n______ to the school. 二、选出不同类的单词 ( )1、A. science B. math C. book D. Chinese ( )2、A. bookstore B. science C. museum D. cinema ( )3、A. talking B. sing C. running D. jumping ( )4、A. hospital B. ten C. park D. zoo ( )5、A. Sarah B. John C. robot D. Am 第三课时 一、选出各单词缺少的字母或字母组合 ( )1、cro___ing A.oo B.ss C.os D.es ( )2、t___n A.tu B.ur C.ru D.un ( )3、s__r A.o B.i C.a D.e ( )4、__sk A.o B.i C.a D.e ( )5、ri___t A.gg B.ht C.gh D.ge 二、根据汉语提示，写出英语单词 1. We can send a letter in the _______________.(邮局) 2. We can see the films at the ______________.(电影院) 3. If you are sick, we should go to the __________.(医院) 4. We can buy some books in the _____________.(书店) 第四课时 一、连线

(完整版)高级英语2第三版_张汉熙_课文翻译

Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English 人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。 有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是，问题便解决了。不过，酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题，大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。 告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情，有些人便说起刻薄话来了，说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样，在五分钟内，大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里，“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制。 看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错，并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。 有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语，我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。 撒克逊农民种地养畜，自己出产的肉自己却吃不起，全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜，诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此，活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit 这个词表示，而没有换成由法语lapin转化而来的某个词。 当我们今天听着有关双语教育问题的争论时，我们应该设身处地替当时的撒克逊农民想一想，新的统治阶级把法语用来对抗撒克逊农民自己的语言，从而在农民周围筑起一道文化障碍。当英国人在像觉醒者赫里沃德这样的撒克逊领袖领导下起来造反时，他们一定深深地感受到了文化上的屈辱。“标准英语”——如果那时候有这个名词的话——已经变成法语。而九百年后我们在美国这儿仍然继承了这种影响。 那晚闲聊过后，第二天一早便有人去查阅了资料。这个名词在16世纪已有人使用过。纳什作于1593年的《截获信函奇闻》中就有过“标准英语”(Queen’s English)的提法。1602年德克写到某人时有句话说：

高级英语1 Unit4 Oxford翻译

Unit4 牛津 There are certain things in the world that are so praiseworthy that it seems a needless, indeed an almost laughable thing to praise them; such things are love and friendship, food and sleep, spring and summer; such things, too, are the wisest books, the greatest pictures, the noblest cities. But for all that I mean to try and make a little hymn in prose in honour of Oxford, a city I have seen but seldom, and which yet appears to me one of the most beautiful things in the world. 此世间确有诸多凡物，它们本身便是值得人们去品味和赞誉的，譬如说爱情和友谊、美食和睡梦、春色和夏日，还有如那些注满了智慧的书卷、注满了心血的画作和注满了圣意的城邦。也许对于这些凡物而言，再多的赞誉已无非是陈词滥调，荒唐可笑的，但我之所以还是想要对上述这些事物品味、赞誉一番，都是为了向牛津城表示我的敬意。牛津城对我来说，就是这世间极其罕见，又最为美丽的地方之一。 I do not wish to single out particular buildings, but to praise the whole effect of the place, such as it seemed to me on a day of bright sun and cool air, when I wandered hour after hour among the streets, bewildered and almost intoxicated with beauty, feeling as a poor man might who has pinched all his life, and made the most of single coins, and who is brought into the presence of a heap of piled-up gold, and told that it is all his own. 我并不想单独从牛津城里遴选出一些建筑来赞誉；我想要赞誉的是这块土地上所映射出的一种整体效果。这种效果在我看来，就好比是在一个阳光明媚、天气清爽的日子里，一连花上几个小时，徜徉在牛津城的街道上，痴迷、甚至是沉醉于这番美景之中。这感觉就犹如是把一位穷得一辈子衣衫褴褛、靠一角一分过日子的人带到一堆金矿旁，然后告诉他，这些财富都已归他所有。 I have seen it said in foolish books that it is a misfortune to Oxford that so many of the buildings have been built out of so perishable a vein of stone. It is indeed a misfortune in one respect, that it tempts men of dull and precise minds to restore and replace buildings of incomparable grace, because their outline is so exquisitely blurred by time and decay. I remember myself, as a child, visiting Oxford, and thinking that some of the buildings were almost shamefully ruinous of aspect; now that I am wiser I know that we have in these battered and fretted palace-fronts a kind of beauty that fills the mind with almost despairing sense of loveliness, till the heart aches with gratitude, and thrills with the desire to proclaim the glory of the sight aloud. 我曾在一些荒谬、无理的书里读到说，牛津城里如此之多的建筑都用易被腐蚀、布满裂纹的砖石砌成，这简直就是一场灾难。从某种角度来说，这倒确实是一场灾难，因为随着时间的流逝，用这种砖石砌成的建筑会渐渐破败，建筑的轮廓会很明显地变得七零八落，这便会惹得那些脑袋不灵活的笨家伙们想着整修或重建这些与牛津城魅力格格不入的“破玩意儿”。记得在我儿时游访牛津城时，我也曾这么想——这些建筑如此破旧不堪，几乎都是见不得人了；可现在，随着我年数和阅历的增益，我才知道在那些破旧不堪、磨坏受损的殿堂式房子里，蕴藏着一种别样的魅力。这种魅力乍看上去真是令人几近绝望，直到人们对这壮观之景开始心生感激时，才会猛地萌发出一种要高声赞誉这股魅力的念头。 These black-fronted blistered facades, so threatening, so sombre, yet screening so bright and clear a current of life; with the tender green of budding spring trees, chestnuts full of silvery spires, glossy-leaved creepers clinging, with tiny hands, to cornice and parapet, give surely the sharpest and most delicate sense that it is possible to conceive of the contrast on which the essence of so much beauty depends. To pass through one of these dark and smoke-stained courts,