关于美语口语与听力当中一些基础知识的总结

下面是关于美语口语与听力当中一些基础知识的总结：

一、语音

外国人说英语与中国人说汉语运气的方式与位置不一样。外国人说英语很有力道，气一般都提起来了，大致在胸腔附近。而中国人说汉语则很少提气，把气一般都放在腹腔以下，所以感觉外国人说话声音相对很饱满，有种用“美声”说话的感觉，而中国人则不然。这点是大家在说英语时应特别感受和注意的。

1.易混音：

[i:]——[i] 长音发得不够长，短音发得不够短。如：ship sheep;shit sheet [?]——[e] 嘴形大小不到位。如：pat pet;bad bed

[e]——[ai]；[?][?:]——[au] 单元音发得不够短，双元音发得不够饱满。如：press price;smell smile;sauce south

[i?]——[e?] 容易发音不清楚，将其区别弱化或忽略。如：really rarely;beer bear [w]——[v] 嘴形不到位。如：wave; vovel; very well

[r]——[?] 容易与汉语拼音混淆。如：garage;mirror;measure

[s]——[q]；[z]——[e] 注意舌头的具体位置，多加练习。

建议：大家在语音练习过程当中尽量将音标发得饱满和夸张，这样在真正用英语进行对话的时候不会由于紧张导致说出的英语含混不清，让人听不懂。

2.发音规律：

1）听力中的元音[?]。试比较bar和bath的区别。Bar中由于有“r”因而有卷舌音，读成[ar],bath中“a”在“th”前（在f、n、s之前也有这种用法），通常读作[?]。许多人在发音的时候经常由于嘴形做不大而导致发音不标准，说出来的英语也不尽人意。很明显，[a:]在美音中常演变成[ar]、[?]两个音。

例：[ar]: far dark march hard mark start park

[?]: last fast master glass class can’t

2) 听力中的元音长短问题。试比较beach和bitch的区别。前者中[i:]和后者中的[i]是很多人经常读错的，除此之外还有[u:]和[u]的区别，如说“我吃饱了”：“I’m full”,别不小心读成了“I’m fool”(我是个蠢货)。

例：sheet shit；leave live；seat sit；leap lip；pull pool

3) 音标[?]在语音中的变化。试比较court和caught的发音。二者的音标均为[k?:t],而在口语中前者的“our”常读作[?r:],而后者中的“au”则读作[?a:]，即在发[?]音时向[a]过度。

例：[?r:]: door more foor nor

[?a:]: bought all ball dawn（与down区别）

4) 元音[?]在口语中的变化。通常在口语中有“O”字母发[?]的单词常被发作[?]音。

例：box fox bottle god job

当然也有一些是例外的，例如：boss dog lost

5) 美音中辅音与汉语拼音中声母的比较。在英语中有[b][p][m]等，汉语中也有。英语中叫辅音，而汉语中叫声母。汉语声母后面总是有韵母出现，所以从来没有声母单独发音的情况。可是英语辅音是压迫出声的，气流冲破感要强得多，如果我们仍用发声母的习惯去发英语辅音，那么会有“波”“泼”“摸”之类的音出现，cat会发成“凯特”，book会发成“布克”等等。这就是明显的中式英语，所以应特别注意英语辅音中发音时的气流冲破感。

6)美音中的“r”字母——卷舌的标志

一般而言美音中除了Mrs中的s不卷舌以外，只要含字母r的单词均需要卷舌，而英音中则可以不卷舌。这有些类似于汉语中的儿化音。要特别注意的是英语中的r和汉语中

的r是不一样的。如不能把“rose”读成“肉丝”，把“road”读成“肉的”。

例：red read fire warm yesterday wrap worry etc.

当然话说回来这种卷舌现象是很严格的，不含r的单词中是一定不能出现卷舌的（英音美音都一样）。

例：idea china salad America breakfast etc.

7) 摩擦音[?]、[?]、[?]、[?]和辅音连缀[tr]、[dr]，对于这些音标，应当重点注意其嘴形和牙齿的位置。在这只给出一些例子供练习。

[?]: birds beds goods [?]: students boots lots

[?]: church which watch [?]: judge jam joy join

[tr]: tree travel try truth [dr]: dream dress dry drive

二、单词见的连读、叠合音、失爆音、重读

1．单词间的连读

1）辅音与辅音间的连读：

当前面的单词以辅音结尾，紧随其后的单词以元音开头，这时将前面的辅音与后面的元音连在一起，像是构成了一个音节一样得读出来，以使语言更具有流畅自然的特点。然而这样的连读在听力中也确实给我们带来了比较大的麻烦！

Read and Practise:

take after take it easy look out of it get out of it

a bottle of beer a great deal of (out of = outa)

[?] [r]

It’s easy. He’s died after all.

I have lots of friends. Let’s get together again.

Let’s eat the pi zza. You ask for it.(=It serves you right.)

[l] [z]

She can tell us. He’s angry.

Fill out this application. She’s in trouble.

He’s as tall as you are. Where’s our sox?(sox=socks)

[m] [n]

Am I crazy? You can ask later.

Please come in. I’m afraid I may have to hang up.

What time is it? Rome wasn’t built in a day.

练习：

(1) I’ll think it over. (2) we’ll put it off until tomorrow. (3) I’ve had i t with this business. (4) I’ve got a lot of work to do (5) Are you out of your mind?

2) 元音与元音间的连读（元音间的过度）：

①前面单词以元音[e]、[i]或[i:]结尾，紧随其后的单词以元音开头，这时在这两个单词之间出现半元音[j]作为过度。

②前面单词以元音[u]或[u:]结尾，紧随其后的单词以元音开头，这时在这两个词之间出现半元音[w]作为过度。

③人们往往在以[a]或[?]结尾的词后面加上[r]音，以便和后一个词的起首元音连读。Read and Practise:

be on time any other weigh it up day in and day out who else

try again too often drama and music just do it

I can see it.[j] You saw it by yourself?[w] You can copy it.[j]

I have a banana and an apple.[r]

练习：

(1) Make sure you pay up until the end of the month.

(2) Be on time for your first appointment.

(3) Do you care for coffee or tea?

(4) If you know it,you’d better say it.

2.叠合音与失爆音：

1）叠合音的掌握关键在于对辅音耸起的把握。

Read and Practise:

bad desk good day deep pond black coffee keep pace like candy

You ate too much. I don’t know what to do. My friend did it.

Grab Bob and get him for me! He wears a fresh shirt.

A big game was played between the two parties.

2)关于失去爆破的问题，一定是“爆破音”才会“失去”，爆破音失去爆破并不是简单的失音，而是发音过程当中少了一个环节，因此掌握六个爆破音（[b] [p] [k] [g] [t] [d]）及其发音要领对于学习和掌握失爆是很重要的。

Read and Practise:

lap dog mad man bad guy sweet lips patent right bad news

to stand tall a prince on a white horse put it down

I have read the book. Let’s talk over coffee. You need to watch your mouth. Lend me your black bag. You have the last word.(=You are the boss./It’s up to you.) Ask Bob to sit behind me.

3.弱读与略读：

语法性虚词是被略读的对象，实词很少被略读。语法词在英语中的大量运用，使弱读和略读现象在口语会话中极为普遍，而且在听力中给同学们造成了不少的麻烦，请大家给予足够重视。

Read and Practise:

a boy [?] an apple [n] as usual [?z] sooner or later [?r]

pen and later [n] more and more [r] sink or swim [?r]

Would you like coffee or tea?[d][ ?r]

He is as tall as his brother.[z][ ?z]

Can you send him a message?[kn][im] Shall we start now?[?]

4.简单的重音问题：

1）noun ‘import(进口) verb im’port(向…进口)

‘export(出口) ex’port(向…出口)

‘present(礼物) pre’sent(出席、赠与)

‘record(唱片) re’cord(录唱片、作记录)

‘object(实物) ob’ject(反对)

2）‘drama(戏剧) universe(宇宙) bi’ography(传记)

dra’matic(戏剧化的) uni’versal(全球的) bio’graphical(传记体的)

三、综合练习

1.A thousand times no!

2.It is not a big deal!

3.How about eating out?

4. Stay away from him.

5.It’s up in the air.

6.Don’t make up a story.

7.Give a lark to catch a kite. 8.You piss me off.（你拿我开涮呢！）

9.Get outa my life! 10.You ask for it!(你自找麻烦、活该！)

11.You’re just a good for nothing bum.(无业游民)

12.For here or to go? 13.She’s such a brown-nose.

14.Did you come up with any ideas?

一些英文绕口令对于大家练习英语的发音、连读、弱读、略读和流利度还是很有帮助的，在练习过程当中大家可以尝试“一口气英语”，即用一口气尽量准确尽量多次数地把一句绕口令流利地读出来（blurt out），当然一口气英语不宜找太长的绕口令.这样英语绕口令的学习训练法对于很多人而言应当算是枯燥乏味的学习当中有意思的一部分了。

1. Mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night.

2. Can you can a can as a canner can can a can?If you can’t can any candy can,how many candy cans can a candy canner can if he can can candy cans?

3. No need to light a night light on a light night like tonight.

4. I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish,but if you wish the wish the witch wishes,I won’t wish the wish you wish to wish.

5. Betty bought some butter,but the butter was bitter,so she bought some better butter to make the bitter butter better.

6. Many mad men manucfature maps,motors,and matches to make millions of marks in the market.

7. she sells seashells on the seashore,but the seashells that she sells on the seashore are not the real seashells.

以上关于美语口语听说的基础知识大家如果能实质性掌握，并且坚持练习，相信大家一定会在不久将来在听说上有质的进步。

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前一篇：英语中的连读、失爆、缩读、同化、浊化等

后一篇：英语中的连读、失爆、同化、浊化等（续2）

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路过。貌似哪里见过，眼熟。18时55分

2011-8-11 18:56回复(0)

麦晓冉

嘎嘎嘎帮我踩踩我的博客把我炒了菜做了汤你去看看吧进了就不想出去的博客俄

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现在。 Ticket officer:When are you coming back? 什么时候回来? Fei:Maybe on Thursday,but I might stay a bit longer. 可能周四，但是不确定，我可能会多住几天 Ticket officer:Well,in that case,I suggest an open return. 那这样的话，我建议不限制回程日期的往返票。 Fei:What’s that? 这是什么意思? Ticket Officer:It allows you to return on any day within a month.就是你可以在一个月内任何一天返回。 Fei:OK then.Thanks. 那好的。谢谢 情景对话二：办理登机手续 Check-in desk:Where are you flying to? 您飞去哪里? Fei:To Shanghai. 去上海。 Check-in desk:May I have your passport,please. 请把护照给我。 Fei:Here it is. 这儿。 Check-in desk:Do you have any luggage to check in? 您有行李要托运吗? Fei:Yes,I have one suitcase to check in. 有一件托运行李。

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2.learn to describe the different manners between chinese and western customs. 3.learn the proper way to behave in western society. 本授课单元教学重点(main points of teaching)： 1.instruct students to speak and behave properly in western society concerning some important events. 2.analyze the different manners between chinese and western countries. 本授课单元教学难点(difficult points of teaching)： instruct the students to use cultural-related words to describe and compare the proper manners in chinese and western events.教学手段(teaching aids) multimedia (audios, videos, pictures, texts), blackboard. 本授课单元教学步骤及时间分配 (teaching procedures and time allotment)： 1. warming-up activities (about 15 minutes) 1.1 role play: a typical western wedding (about 10 minutes) student are assigned the task in the previous class. they are asked to perform a typical western wedding. useful materials and information should be collected before the class. (about 10 minutes)

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大学英语口语课教案

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1 How do you feel about trying new things? ? I like trying new things because it enables me to experience more and learn more about others, by which I can become more liberal and less biased. ? I don’t like trying new things because they often let me down. Trying new things sometimes means venture or even danger, so I don’t like trying new things and would like to stick to the familiar 2 What stops you from trying new things? Trying new things may have too much demand on me. Furthermore, trying new things may bring me disappointment or even failure. 3 What have you achieved in your life that makes you feel proud? I take great pride in winning first place in the speech contest held in my university. 4 Who do you admire for their achievements and why? I admire Winston Churchill, who led his country from the verge of defeat to victory. 1Do you believe that a good memory is critical to success? Why or why not? ?Yes, I firmly believe that a good memory determines a person’s success. Firstly, a good memory is a great help in the process of learning. Secondly, a good memory can help you build relationships, which is also a decisive factor for success. Thirdly and most importantly, a good memory can provide you with quick, reliable access to essential thinking tools. ?No, I don’t think a good memory is critical to success. In my opinion, it is diligence, creativity and persistence that eventually determine one’s success. 2 Have you ever tried any method to improve your memory? Do you think that useful? ?Yes, I have tried some methods to improve my memory. For example, I learned the method of location from a book and I liked it very much. ?Yes, I once believed that there might be some special shortcuts to improving my memory. But when I tried a couple of methods, I felt it was inconvenient to apply them and it is a waste of time. I think I would never try any method again

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旅游英语日常口语对话：飞机餐 一、旅游英语对话1 A： Excuse me, madam. What would you like toeat, Chinese food or Western food? 打扰一下，女士。请问您想吃中餐还是西餐。 B： I'd like to have some Chinese food. 我想吃中餐。 二、旅游英语对话2 A： Flight attendant：Which would you like, chicken, beef or fish? 您要鸡肉、牛肉还是鱼? B： Traveler：Beef, please. 请给我牛肉。 A： Flight attendant： What kind of dressing would you like to have for your salad? 您的沙拉要加什么调料? B： Traveler：I'll have blue cheese. 我要蓝乳酪。 三、旅游英语对话3 Ann：Hi, we have beef noodles and chicken rice. Which one would you like? 我们有牛肉面和鸡肉饭。你想要哪一个?

Aaron： Beef noodles please. 牛肉面条 Ann： Here you are. What would you like to drink? 给你。你想喝点什么? Aaron：Do you have black tea? 你有红茶吗？ Ann： Yes. 有的。 Aaron： I'll have black tea then. And some water please. 我要红茶，再来杯水。 Ann： Sure. 好的。 四、旅游英语对话4 Staff： What can I get you? We have chicken and beef. What do you like? 请问您需要什么？我们今天有鸡肉和牛肉。你想吃什么？ Tourist： Can I have chicken, please? 我想要鸡肉。 Staff： Of course. Anything else I can get you today? 好的，请问还要其他什么吗？ Tourist： Yes，I would like some orange juice, please.

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