初中英语语法之现在完成时讲解_练习

现在完成时

【现在完成时】

A.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动

作或状态。

【常用时间状语】recently, lately, since+时间点, for+数字+时间名词, in the past few months/years等【构成】肯定形式：have/has + done

否定形式：have/has + not +done

一般疑问句：have或has放于句首

B.现在完成时的用法

1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。

eg. The car has arrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）

Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）区别：have been to, have gone to, have been in

have been to,表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了

have gone to表示去了，但还没有回来，也许是在去的途中

have been in指的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在

例如：你以前去过北京么？

例如：A: Is Mr.Wang at home?

B: No,he is not in,（他去香港了）

2）现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或so far，now，today，this week (month，year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。

eg. He has studied English for 5 years.

He has studied English since 2001.

Now I have finished the work.

注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。

如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。

由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：

arrive →be here

begin(start)→be on

die →be dead

come back →be back leave →be away

fall ill(sick, asleep)

→be ill(sick, asleep) get up →be up

go out →be out

finish →be over

put on →wear 或be on open →be open

join →be in

或be a m ember of…close →be closed

go to school →be a student borrow →keep

buy →have

catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know

begin to study →study come to work →work

例题

一、单项选择

（）1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years.

A. joined

B. be in

C. been in

D. joined in

（）2. We have been friends since ______.

A. children

B. five years

C. five years ago

D. five years before

（）3. Mike ___________ the story for a month.

A. has bought

B. has had

C. had had

D. has borrowed

（）4. You ______ that question three times.

A. already asked

B. have already asked

C. already have asked

D. asked already

（）5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.

A. since last week

B. a week ago

C. for a week

D. since a week ago

（）6. I _____ at this school for two years.

A. am studying

B. study

C. studied

D. have studied

（）7. They _________ in the city since last summer.

A. live

B. didn’t live

C. have lived

D. live

（）8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _________ 1992.

A. since

B. from

C. after

D. in

（）9. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998.

A. has been to

B. has been in

C. has come to

D. came to

（）10. His father _______ for years.

A. has died

B. has been dead

C. died

D. dies

（）11. Mary ________ to see the films because she __________ it twice.

A. won’t go, saw

B. won’t go, will see

C. won’t go, has seen

D. didn’t go, sees

（）12.---- Would you like some more food?

----Thank you. I _______ enough.

A. will have

B. have had

C. have

D. had

（）13. ______ you ______ England? Yes, it _____ a beautiful country.

A. Will, gone to, was

B.Have, been to, is

C. Had, been to, is

D.Have, gone to, is

（）14. ----_______ you _______ to Beijing?

----No, I ______.I ______ there early next month.

A. Have, been, haven’t, am going

B. Had, been, hadn’t, am going

C. Have, gone, haven’t, was going

D. Did,go, didn’t, was going

（）15. ---You sister ______ to London to study English. Is that true?

---Yes , she ___ there for two months.

A. has been, has been

B. will go, has gone

C. gone, will be

D. has gone, has been

（）16. He has a computer of his own. He ____ it two days ago

A. bought

B. bought

C. bought

D. has bought

（）17. —Where is Li Lei? —He ___ Shanghai.

A. has gone to

B. has been to

C. went to

D. goes to

（）18. He _______ his homework and is now listening to music.

A.. finishes

B. has finished

C. finish

D. is finishing

（）19. David _______ Shanghai for more than three months.

A. came to

B. has been to

C. has been in

D. has come to

用所给词的适当形式填空

1. I_______ already _______ (see) the film. I _________ (see) it last week.

2. ----- _______ he ________(finish) his work today ? ------Not yet .

3. -----_____you _______(be) to Hong Kong ?

----Yes, I ________________ (be) there twice .

4. -----_______ you ever ________(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? ----No, never.

5. My father ____ just ________ (come) back from work. He is tired now.

6. Where’s Li Ming ? He ____________ (go) to the teacher’s office.

7. Shanghai _______ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it ____ (become) a

large city.

8. I _____________ (work) here since I __________ (move) here in 1999.

9. So far I ______________(make) quite a few friends here.

10. ---How long ______ the Smiths ________(stay)here? ---- For two weeks.

11. --- I ___________ (see) the film “Chicken Run”.

--- Where and when ________ you _______ (see) it?

--- Last week.

12. Mary _____ already _______ (have) her supper.

13. I ____________ (not want) to see the film. I ___________ (see) it with my parents.

We _________ (see) it last Sunday.

14. ---______ Uncle Wang ______ (mend) the TV yet?

---Yes, he______.

---When _____ he _____ it?

--- Yesterday.

15. ______ you _______ (read) today’s newspaper yet?

16. They _____already_____(do) their homework. But they don’t

know what_____ (do) next.

17. ---____ you _____ (see) the film last night?

---No, I ___________ (see) it for several times.

18. She ____________ (be) ill for three days.

19. My father ___________ ( buy) a book for me yesterday. He____ already

_________(pay) fifty yuan for it.

20. She____________ (not read) this book before.

句型转换(每空一词)。

1. I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句)

I ______ ________ been to Macau before.

2. He hasn’t come to school because he’s ill (就划线部分提问)

________ ________ he come to school?

3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问)

________ ________ ________ _________ learned English ?

4. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改写)

I _______ just ________a new bike.

5. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)

We _______ _______ English ________ three years

6. He has lived here since 1999.(就划线部分提问)

_____ _____ _____ he_______ here?

7. They have already finished the work.（否定）

They ______ ______ the work ______.

8. My father got there two days ago.（同义句）

My father ______ ______ ______ for two days.

9. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（同义句）

Mr. Li _______ _________ English in this school since 1999. 10. The factory opened ten years ago.（同义句）

The factory _______ ________ ______ for ten years.

11.They have cleaned the room twice this week. (就划线部分提问)

_____ _____ ____ ______ they ______ the classroom this week?

12. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005. （同义句）

My father _____ ______ _____ England _____.

13. John left Beijing three years ago. （同义句）

John_______ ______ ______ Beijing_____ three years.

14. His company closed in 2003. （同义句）

His company _____ _____ _____ _____ 2003.

15. My father bought the car half a year ago. （同义句）

My father ______ ______ the car _______ half a year.

16. We got to know each other for about 15 years. （同义句）

We _______ ________ each other _____ about 15 years.

17. The film began ten minutes ago. （同义句）

The film _________ ________ _________ for ten minutes.

18. I borrowed this book two weeks ago. （同义句）

I _________ ________ this book for two weeks.

人教版八年级下册现在完成时专项讲解

现在完成时 现在完成时（present perfect tense）通常表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，而且还可能继续下去，或者表示过去的行为对现在造成一定的影响，可能还会产生结果等。 1.现在完成时结构 1.1.助动词have/has+动词过去分词。其中，助动词要随着主语的变化而变化，当主语是第三人称单数时，助动词要用“has”。 例：Have you finished your work? He says that he has seen UFOs many times. 1.2.现在完成时的缩写形式：I have=I ’ve have not= haven’t has not= hasn’t 例：I’ve finished my work./He hasn’t finished his work. 1.3.现在完成时的一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答：No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 例：----Have you finished your work?----Yes,I have./No,l haven’t. ----Have they arrived?----Yes,they have./No,they haven’t. 1.4.1.通过加-ed的形式来构成规则动词的过去分词，就像我们构成这些动词的过去式方法一样。 大多数动词后+ed.如finish---finished. 以字母e为结尾的动词后+d,如change---changed. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，去掉y,再加ied.如carry---carried.

初中现在完成时态讲解带练习知识讲解

初中现在完成时态讲 解带练习

一.现在完成时的含义及用法 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 2.现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时的基本句型： 肯定式： 主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式： 助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 用法①现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的) 此时，现在完成时常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用，通常放在助动词之后，过去分词之前。 already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经 1.你已经找到你的书了吗? 2.他们在这个城市建了许多房子. 3.Judy还没到达.

4.你吃过早饭了吗? 用法② 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 o’clock? for+ 时间段 since+时间点 , since+ 句子 ①Mr. Brown has had his TV _____15 years. ②I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month. ③My sister has had her cell phone _____a month . ④My friends haven’t visited me _______ my birthday. ⑤We haven’t used our car _____a long ti me . ⑥She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee ____ years. ⑦Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old. 二.have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to “到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in“呆在某处一段时间了” 三.实义动词分为: 瞬间动词、延续动词

现在完成时趣味讲解

现在完成时趣味讲解 现在完成时的含义 可与现在完成时态相连用的常见时间状语 瞬间动词在现在完成时态中的用法 现在完成时的含义 在当今常见的语法书中对现在完成时的定义大多是：现在完成时是指过去发生的至今已经完成或还在继续的动作。在笔者2011年于《海外英语》中发表的《have + -en的构式研究》中曾指出这一说法的稍欠妥之处。因为过去发生的“已经完成”或“未完成”容易让学生产生疑惑：究竟是不是完成时？ 笔者认为易仲良教授提出的“式态”的说法以及马承老师提出的“现在完成时表示过去已经发生而与现在情况有关系的动作”这一说法更能让学生理解。事实上，我在初中的教学过程当中也是这样跟学生讲解的，学生们能够较好的理解这一说法，并能自然地将现在完成时与一般过去时区分开来。 常与现在完成时相连的时间状语 在初中阶段，多数考查现在完成时的句子当中都有较为明显的时间状语标志词， 比如以下的这些句子（均摘录自人教版教材）：

Have you read Treasure Island yet? I’ve already read it. Have you ever been to a museum? I’ve never been to a science museum. I’ve had this bike for three years. 如果在实际的教学过程当中孤立地让学生记忆这些时间状语标志，无疑会给学生增大学习难度。为了能够提高学生的学习兴趣，我认为可以通过口诀韵律的方式让学生较快地掌握：以前（before）从来不（never）出现，最近（recently）曾经（ever）一两遍（once/twice/many times…）, 自从（since+时间点）刚刚（just）for一段（for+一段），至今（so far/up to now）已经（already/yet）很明显。 在实际的教学过程当中，教师可有意识地讲述两个“已经”(already/yet)及（since/for）的区别着重分章节讲解，让学生在有了整体概念的基础上对各个考点进行突破。 瞬间动词在现在完成时中的用法 在人教版的课本附录的语法讲解中，我们可以看到：“某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在（包括”现在“在内）的动作或状态，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词”。如：

中考中考英语总复习现在完成时专项及解析

中考中考英语总复习现在完成时专项及解析 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．Little Tom his home for more than ten years. A. leaves B. left from C. will leave D. has been away from 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：小汤姆离开家已经十年了。由句中“for more than ten years”可知. 句中的谓语动词需使用延续性动词。leave对应的延续性动词为be away。 【点评】考查现在完成时。 2．—Do you still play basketball? —Oh, no. I ____ it for the past two years. A. haven't played B. didn't play C. won't play D. hadn't played 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你还打篮球吗？——哦，不了。我已经有两年没有打过了。根据句中的for the last two years可知应与完成时态连用，又有时间是the last two years可知是从现在往前两年，因此应使用现在完成时态，故选A。 【点评】考查动词时态中的for+段时间与完成时态连用，根据时间确定是现在完成还是过去完成。 3．I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时，故答案为C。句意是：自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。 4．—Where is your father? — . A. He has been to Shanghai B. He has been in Shanghai C. He has gone to Shanghai D. He have been to Shanghai 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：－你的父亲在哪儿？－他去上海了。Have been to去过某地（已回）；have been in在……；have gone to去了某地（未回）。本题中父亲是人们在找的人，所以是去了某地，还没回来，用have gone to。主语he是三人称单数，用has gone to。故选C。

【初中英语】现在完成时-知识点归纳与练习(1)

必备英语【初中英语】现在完成时-知识点归纳与练习 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．The tall building here for 100 years. A. is B. was C. has been D. is been 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】那幢高楼在这里已经有100年了。根据for 100 years可知“高楼在这里”是过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，要用现在完成时态，其谓语动词形式为have/has+动词过去分词。故选C。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时，平时应多归纳总结各种时态，语态和句式的结构及用法。 2．All the skirts .They very well. A. sold out;are sold B. sell out;have sold C. have been sold out;sell D. have sold out;sell 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：所有的裙子都卖完了，他们非常畅销。第一空sell out“卖完”，强调裙子已经被卖完的状态，本句用现在完成时的被动语态：has/have+been+过去分词，sell 的过去分词为sold；第二空sell作“销售”解释时用主动语态，在此处表一直卖得很好的状态，用一般现在时。故选C。 【点评】本题考查一般现在时和现在完成时的被动语态，注意sell的不同语态和用法。 3．The volunteers ________ a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010． A. offered B. have offered C. are offering D. will offer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查时态．句意"自2010以来，志愿者们向老人和青年提供了大量的帮助．"．A过去时．B现在完成时态．C现在进行时态．D一般将来时态．since+点时间通常用于现在完成时态，结构是have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是volunteers复数，用助动词have．offer的过去分词是offered．答案是B． 4．My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda. A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：我父亲在熊猫保护中心工作了10年，所以他对熊猫很了解。由句中的语句for 10 years 提示可知，此句要用现在完成时，主语my father，助动词要用has，故选C。 【点评】考查现在完成时的基本结构及用法，注意根据句子的时间状语判断时态。

现在完成时讲解(含讲解及习题)

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