状语从句连词

1．时间状语从句的连词

表示时间的连词有when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as，有些名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句，如the moment, the instant, each time，有些是固定句型如：no sooner … than hardly/scarcely …when。在这些连词的使用中应注意

①as强调同时，也表示一边……，一边……"，while表示主句动作发生在从句的过程之中，要求从句谓语动词为状态动词或持续性动词，when的使用则比较简单，相当于汉语的"当……时候"。如：

Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ____ it comes to classroom tests.

A. when

B. since

C. before

D. after ?

四个选项都表示时间，但根据主从句间的关系可以判断答案为A。

②注意when的特殊句型

下列句型中when连接的不是时间状语从句，但考试中却常与其它时间状语从句的连词一块出题。

were/was doing something when …

were/was about to do something when …

had just done something when …

?

③注意no sooner … than ….和hardly/scarcely …when句中的时态。

④注意not … until 中时间状语可以提前。

如____ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the

home.

A. Before

B. Until

C. From

D.Since

比较常见的提前方式是将not until….提至句首，后面用肯定形式，主谓倒装。本题可以改成，Not until quite recently did most mothers in Britain take paid work outside the home.这时，句子采用主谓倒装结构，应注意。

⑤名词短语做连词引导时间状语从句时，如：the moment，the instant，the second，the minute都可做连词用，引导定语从句，意思是as soon as

You see the lightening ___ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.

A. the instant

B. for an instant

C. on the instant

D. in an instant

能够引导时间状语从句的是名词the instant，而不是由其构成的介词短语。

⑥注意含有时间状语从句的固定句型，如It won't be long before … 和It is …since 两类句型。It won't be long before可以有三个变体，即：It was (not) + 一段时间+ before，It won't be + 一段时间+ before。如

Scientists say it may be five or ten years ____ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.

A. since

B. before

C. after

D. when

2．原因状语从句的连词

原因状语从句一般由because, since, as, now that, considering that, seeing that连接。对于表原因连词本身的区别考查相对较少，主要是与其它状语从句连词的对比。同学们要根据主从句的语意关系，确定是什么状语从句，然后在进行选择状语从句连词。如：

①____ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight.(1999.6)

A. For

B. Since

C. Before

D. While

②____ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.(1997.6)

A. For

B. Now

C. Since

D. Despite

注意：

1）for, because, since/as的区别。一般说来，for不表示原因，其所连接的是并列句，? 是一种解释说明，尤其是当用结果来反证原因时。如：

He must have experienced something very unpleasant, for he looks so upset.

You must try to rid yourself of your carelessness, for it often leads to errors.

2) 注意引导原因状语从句的还可以是considering/seeing that，其用法与since/as相同。如：

Considering that he is only a beginner, it is understandable for him to make such mistakes.

Seeing that you have come, you may as well stay here for a few days.

3．条件状语从句的连词

涉及到条件状语从句的考查题很多，如时态，虚拟语气等。就条件状语从句而言，同学们应掌握以下几点：

1) unless与其它连词的差别，unless表示的是If …not …的意思。

2) if only或only if是一种强调的条件状语从句。根据if only 与unless肯定与否定条件的差别。

3) provided (that)表示唯一的条件，相当于if and only if，on condition that 。

4)另外注意，引导条件状语从句的还可以是so/as long as /suppose/supposing, in case,

once等。

5) 条件状语从句分为两大类：真实条件句和虚拟条件句。当从句所表达的条件是有可能实现的、有可能是真实的条件时，用真实条件句；如果从句所表达的条件是不可能实现的、与客观事实完全相反的条件或假设时，用虚拟条件句。真实条件句在使用中也有需要注意的事项：从句中的动词应该用一般现在时代替一般将来时；

用现在完成时代替将来完成时。

例：We’ll visit Europe next year ___________ we have enough money.

A) lest B) until C) unless D) provided

如果我们有足够的钱，明年我们将访问欧洲。答案是D。

4．让步状语从句的连词

引导让步状语从句的连词很多，由though, although, even if, even though, however, no matter how/ what/ who等引导。但结构差别比较大，比较容易掌握。对让步状语从句的掌握要注意以下几点内容。

1) although/though连接让步状语从句，表示“尽管"，从句用直陈语序，与汉语的结构类似。使用though, although时，务必避免与but连用。

2) as引导的让步状语从句要求用倒装结构。可提至句首的有名词、原形动词、副词、形容词等。可数名词单数形式不用冠词。如：

Child as he is, he behaves like a grown-up.

Fail as he did, he was not disappointed at all.

Much as I tried, I failed to persuade him.

3) No matter + 疑问词和疑问词+ ever引导让步状语从句，表示"不论谁""不论什么时间/地点/方式"等等，从句用直陈语序。

4) For all表示让步时后面可以接从句，也可以接名词短语，后接名词时常与其它类似短语比较：

For all that he has a master's degree, I don't think he can outdo me in many aspects.

5) 其它用来引导让步状语从句的还有whether …or，even if，even though，和"动词+ 疑问词+主语+情态动词"，如：

Say what you will, he will turn a deaf year.So it's better to keep silent.

Doubt whom you may, you shouldn't doubt me.

6) even if, even though和as if, as though不同。后者常常要求使用虚拟语气。

例1? I’ve already told you that I’m going to buy it, _________.

A) however much it costs B) however does it costs much

C) how much does it cost D) no matter how it costs

全句的意思是：“已经告诉过你了，不管花多少钱，我都打算买它”。空格应填上正常语序的让步状语从句，所以答案应该是A。B和C都是倒装，所以不对；D) no matter how应后接形容词或副词，所以D也不对。

例2. _______ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.

A) Even if B) As far as C) If only D) So long as

即便计算是正确的，科学家们也无法肯定他们已经把所有的变量都包括进去并精确地模拟了它们。答案是A)。

5．方式状语从句则简单了许多，用来表示方式的主要是由in the same way, as和as if/though等引导。如：

I have made the change as you suggested.

I remember the whole thing as if it happened only yesterday.

6．结果状语从句的连词

结果状语从句所在句式：

1) so … that…/ such ….that

该句式中重要考查的是so和such的区别。so…that与such…that的区别在于：前者的省略号处是形容词或副词，而后者的省略号处最终是一个名词。“最终”的意思是，该名词前也可以出现形容词甚至出现修饰形容词的副词，但整个词组的中心词是这个名词。例如：

so nice a boy that…/such a nice boy that…

so beautiful/diligent/carefully … that…/such (fine weather/great improvement) that…

2) so that。该句式中主要考查so that 与其它短语的区别，如：in that/ for that/ but that

3) so much so that

该结构用于形容词或副词之后，表示"到如此程度以致于"。如：

He was very weak, so much so that he could not walk.

I long to visit Beijing, so much so that I dream about it every night.

4) 注意结构状语从句与too….to./. enough to…/ so… as to结构的不同。

7．目的状语从句的连词

目的状语从句由so that, in order that, in case等引导。就目的状语从句而言，第一，同学们应该清楚的是引导目的状语从句各连词所表达的语义差别，对于个别的状语从句中的时态要求应有所了解:

1)具体测试中，主要是根据主从句的语意逻辑关系来判断从句的属性选择正确的连词。

2）这类从句中常常用情态动词may/ might, can/ could, should等，以保证语气通顺自然。如lest后常用should + 原形动词，should可以省略。

3）注意其它表目的连词的用法，如for fear that表示"恐怕""以免"等：

8．地点状语从句

表示地点的自然是where或wherever引导，要求同学们做到的就是在考试中能从上下文中看出从句表地点的特征。如：

①Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded ____ other more well-informed experimenters failed.(1998.1)

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. where

②I have kept the portrait ___ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.(1996.1)

A. which

B. where

C. whether

D. when

这种地点状语从句一般是与定语从句相比较，如上面第一题，也可能与其它状语相比较，

9. 比较状语从句

由than, the…the…, as…as引导。注意比较的两物须成分结构相同，

例：They usually have less money at the end of the month than ________ at the beginning.

A) which is B) which was C) they have D) it is

全句意思是：“通常到了月底，他们的钱就比月初少了”。than后面引出一个比较状语从句作为比较的对象。比较的两分结构相同，只是后者略有所省略，than后面完整的句子应是："than they have (money) at the beginning (of the month)"。题中省去了括号内的词。所以C) they have是答案。

又例：In the course of a day, students do far more than just _________ classes.

A) attend B) attended C) to attend D) attending

本题中，than后面引出的比较状语从句，其结构应与前面的主句相符，所以答案是A) attend。全句的意思“在一天了，学生所做得远不止听课”。Do more than后面通常接不带to的不定式。

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一．No less than , not less than, no more than, not less than 的区别： no less than不亚于，竟达……之多 1)The audience was no less than five thousand. 听众有五千人之多。 2)That hotel probably costs no less than 20 dollars a night. 那间旅馆的住宿费大约要20元一晚呢。 not less than不比……差，至少 1)I'll stay here not less than three days. 我将待在这里至少三天。 no more than同样不；仅仅，只有 1)He is no more than a worker. 他仅仅是个工人。 2)It's no more than a misunderstanding. 这只是个误会。 3)It is no more than ten minutes' walk from the station. 由车站走到这里只有十分钟的路程。 not more than不比……更，不如；至多 1）He is not more diligent than you are.他不象你那样勤奋。（重点在you are diligent 。他也勤奋，但不如你勤奋。） 2)I'll stay here not more than three days. 我将待在这里最多不超过三天。 no less .. than不少于,不亚于 1) He is no less a person than a minister他的身分不亚于部长。 not less than 至少和…一样 1)She is not less beautiful than Mary她至少和玛丽一样美丽。 二．Through, across, cross, over的区别： 答：1.across是介词通常在用go,run,swim.等搭配，强调从一定范围的一边到另一边，且在物体表面上或沿着某一条线的方向而进行的动作，其含义常与介词on有关，常和表示“走”一类的动词（如：walk，run，fly，jump 等）连用。 Go across the bridge，and you’ll find the park. 越过这座桥，你就会找到公园。 The little girl ran across the road.这个小女孩横穿马路。 2. cross是动词，表示“穿过、越过、渡过”。 The old man is crossing the road.这位老人正在穿过马路。 Be careful when you cross the street.过街时你要小心。 3. through是介词，表示从某一范围的一端到另一端，但它表示的动作是在内部空间进行的，往往指穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等。 The river runs through the city.这条河从这座城市中间流过。 Can you see it through this hole?你能透过这个洞看到它吗？ through与cross的不同在于through是直过cross是横过 例:I went across the road = I cross the road我横过马路(经斑马线) The car went through the road汽车经过马路(沿着马路) 4. over是介词，用作“穿过、通过”时，表示到达高的障碍物（如树、墙、篱笆和山脉等）的另一侧。 He jumped over the wall.他跳过了墙。 The horse jumped over the fence.马跳过栅栏。 注意：如果不强调动作，只说明处于墙、篱笆或山等障碍物的另一侧时，over和across也可互换。 If we can be over/across the mountain before 8 o’clock，we can be helped. 如果我们八点前能到达山那边，我们就能获救。 三．状语从句大PARTY 状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。 一、时间状语从句要点: 时间状语从句，由以下连词引导： when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。 when当。。。的时候 Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.(当)莫扎特的时候，开始写音乐作品。 2.while当。。。时 He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.他在旅途中参观了许多地方。 3.as在。。。的同时；一边。。。一边。。。 He smiled as he stood up.他一边站起来一边笑着。

状语从句连词总结

状语从句连词总结 1 时间状语从句： when当……时候 while 当……时候（动词只能是延续性动词） as当……时候（经常表示一边……一边……） after/before在……之后/之前 until/till直到……（即某一持续性行为持续到某一时间点） since/ever since自从……（即子某一时间点以来，常用完成时态或完成进行时） 名词性短语the time the moment the minute the day the year the first/second time each time每次every time每次next time下次any time在任何时候whenever不管什么时候 by the time到……时候（即指到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态） 一……就……as soon as once immediately directly instantly 还没来得及……就……hardly……when no sooner……than as long as长达…… 非时间状语从句：动词ing形式；at……形式；on doing/on sth形式 2地点状语从句 where在哪里，在什么地方 wherever无论在哪里 anywhere无论何处everywhere 到处，处处nowhere 无处，任何地方都无 to/in/from the place（s）where或to/in/from any place where 3原因状语从句 because（语气最强）因为，多置于主句之后 as（语气最弱）因为，多置于主句之前 since语气较弱，常表示对方已知的事实，相当于“既然” now （that）既然 for the reason that因为（that引导的是同位语从句，先行词为reason） in that由于某种原因，多用于书面语 seeing that因为，鉴于 4目的状语从句 in order that以便 so （that）为了 for fear that惟恐，以防 in case以防万一有某种情况发生 5结果状语从句 so （that）所以 so……that……结构 such……that……结构

介词、连词与状语从句

【专题四】介词、连词与状语从句 【考情分析】 介词 1．常见介词的用法及辨析。 2．介词与其他词性所构成的一些短语。 3．在定语从句中，介词的使用情况。 连词 1. 考查并列连词、从属连词的用法 2.重点考查主从复合句和并列句的连接词的选用。 状语从句 1.状语从句的分类 1.可分为时间、原因、地点、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较及方式等类型。 2.状语从句的引导词与介词的用法比较；状语从句与定语从句引导词的辨析。 3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连接词的用法差异。 【知识归纳】 介词： 1.“名词＋介词”型 the key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way…to； wish/desire/prize/respect…for； pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influence…on 2.“介词＋名词”型 (1) in ＋名词 in advance 在前头，事先，预先in case 如果，万一in charge 主管，掌管，看管 in common 共有，共同，公有in demand 有需要的in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的 (2)①on＋名词 on guard 在值勤on leave 在休假on holiday在度假on strike罢工on sale出售on loan 借贷 ②on＋the＋名词on the move 在移动，搬迁；离开on the march 在行军on the flow 在涨潮 (3) beyond ＋名词 beyond one's power 是某人力所不及的beyond one's reach 够不着 beyond description 难以形容beyond words 无法用语言形容beyond doubt 无疑 (4) under ＋名词 under development 在发展中under observation 在观察中under test 在测试中 under construction 在建设中under examination 在检查(调查)中under consideration 在考虑中 (5) at ＋名词 at length 详细地，长时间at sea 茫然at will 任意地at work 在上班at lunch 在吃午饭 at rest在休息at table 在吃饭at school 上学at church 做礼拜at peace 处于和平状态 (6) out of ＋名词 out of breath 上气不接下气out of balance 失去平衡out of date 过时out of patience 不耐烦 3．“动词＋介词”搭配 ①rob sb. of sth. ; supply us with food ;make a desk of wood ; make bread from flour ②介词＋the ＋部位与动词的关系(＝动词＋sb.’s ＋部位，可换用) strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用) catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用) 注意：同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异的情况。 reply to the letter回信，sing(dance)to the music和音乐唱(跳)，amount to 达到，加起来有……，devote to把……贡献给，drink to为……干杯，object to反对，look forward to 渴望，come to苏醒，belong to属于，search for搜……，ask...for...寻找，use...for用作，leave for前往，take...for 误以为， 4．“形容词＋介词”型 at前的adj.：angry, good, bad, surprised, excited, puzzled等。 of前的adj.：afraid, sure, certain, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy等。worthy of值得的；proud of(take pride in)自豪；sure of / about确信；fond of喜欢；full of充满 with前的adj.: angry, strict, busy, careful, popular, patient等。satisfied with (by)满意；busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事；wrong with不对 in前的adj.：strict, weak, interested, successful, rich等。 to前的adj.：polite, kind, cruel, rude, close, available等。similar to相似for前的adj.：sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious，(be) hungry/thirsty 等。grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人；fit for适合；ready for准备from前的adj.：far, different, free, safe等。free from没有……(免除……)；far from离……远 about前的adj.：worried, anxious, careful，curious等。glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴 5．复杂介词型 (1) 表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于，因为”。 because of：表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)；on account of：常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。 (2) 表示“除……之外”。 with the exception of＝except, except for“除……之外”； apart from (＝美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之外”，相当于except (for), 又可以表示“除……之外，(还，也)”，相当于besides；in addition to“除……之外(还，也)”，相当于besides。(3) 表示“有关，关于”。 concerning=regarding“关于，就……而论，在……方面”；with respect to“关于，就……而言”； as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。 (4) 表示“在……之前”。 ahead of=in advance of，可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”，还可表示“领先，优于”； in front of 多指空间的前后关系，“在……前方”。 (5) 表示“支持，赞成”。 in support of 维护，支持，支援；in favor of 可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于……”。 (6) 表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”。 in the light of 按照，考虑到in terms of 就……而言，谈到according to 根据；按照 in view of 鉴于，因为 (7) 表示“尽管”。 in spite of 尽管，不管 连词 连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。 1．并列连词 并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and(和)，as well as(既……又)，both... and(不但……而且)，not only... but also(不但……而且)，not ...but(不是……而是)，neither...nor(既不……也不)，either... or(不是……就是)，or(或者)，but (但是)，yet(然而)，for(因为)，so(所以)，while(而)，when(这时)等。如：Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy(暗沉沉的)．/ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious(光荣的)yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot. 2．从属连词 从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as (2)引导原因状语从句的：because, since, as (3)引导让步状语从句的：although, though, no matter(无论), even if (though) (4)引导条件状语从句的：if, unless, once, so (as) long as (5)引导结果状语从句的：so... that..., such...that... (6)引导目的状语从句的：so that..., in order that... (7)引导比较状语从句的：as...as..., not so (as)．.. as...，... than... (8)引导方式状语从句的：as if... (9)引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。 3.几组容易混淆的并列连词： (1)and, or和but I must work hard, or I'll fail in the contest. Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance. —Would you like to come to dinner tonight? —I'd like to, but I'm too busy. (2)not only...but (also), as well as不但……而且 She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. (3)neither...nor “既不……也不……”；both...and...“两者都”；either...or...“不是……就是……” Neither you nor he is to blame. Either you or I am right. (4)not...but... 不是……而是…… They were not the bones of an animal, but the bones of a human being. (5)for 因为 He is absent today, for he is ill. 注意：for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。 (6)so, therefore因此 He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game. 状语从句： （一）时间状语从句 时间状语从句 1．when, while, as的区别 这三个词都可以用作连接词，表示时间关系，但有所区别。 (1)when表示时间关系时，意思常常是“当(在)……的时候”。主句和从句中的动作或事情可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。例如： When we were at school, we went to the library every day. 我们在求学的时候，每天都到图书馆去。 (2)while 用作连接词表示时间关系时，意思也是“当(在)……的时候”，主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生。它有时可与when通用，但它只能指一段时间(a period of time)，而不能指一点时间的(a point of time)。如上面第一个例句中的when，可以用while代替；而第二个例句中的when，就不能用while代替。例如： Please don’t talk so aloud while others are working. 别人在工作的时候，请勿大声讲话。 (3)as用作连接词表示时间关系时，意思也是“当(在)……时候”，往往可与when或while通用，但它着重指主句和从句中的动作或事情相并发生。例如： I saw him as he was getting off the bus.当他下公共汽车的时候，我看见了他。 2．一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句 the minute, the moment, the instant, every time, the last time, every time。如：

状语从句连词意思总结

状语从句连词意思总结：1.一旦 once 2.…的时候 the moment 3.一/ 刚…就… （三个表 达） as soon as, hardly…when…, no sooner…than 4.每当(三个表达) whenever, each / every time 5.直到… until 6.直到…才…not…until… 7.无论哪里 wherever 8.在…的地方 where 9.就是因为、仅仅是因为just / only because 10.是因为… (用强调句型 表示) It is / was because / because of… that… 11.不是因为…而是因为…not because…but because 12.既然(两个表达) since, now that 13.由于(三个表达) as, seeing / considering that 14.因为…的原因 for the reason that… 15.因为、由于…的事实 (三个表达) because of / due to / owing to the fact that… 16.如此…以致于… (两个 表达) so…that, such…that 17.因此(结果)、为了/ 以便(目的) (两个表 达) so that, that 18.为了/ 以便 in order that 19.以防(目的) 、万一(条 件) in case 20.以免，唯恐(两个表达) lest, for fear that 21.除非 unless 22.只要(两个表达) as / so long as 23.尽管、虽然(三个表达) though, although, even though 24.即使、纵然、就算、哪 怕 even if 25.as, though解释为“虽 然”的倒装结构 n. / adj. / adv. + as / though + S + V v. + as / though + S + 情态动 词 26.无论什么 whatever = no matter what 27.无论谁 whoever = no matter who 28.无论哪一个 whichever = no matter which 29.无论怎样 however = no matter how 30.无论…还是… whether…or… = no matter whether…or… 31.好像，仿佛(两个表达) as if, as though 32.与…一样… (两个同级 比较结构) as…as…, the same (height / size / age / width / depth) as 33.在…当中最… (最高程 度表达) the + -est + 比较范围 34.比任何其他的…要更 加…(最高程度表达) -er + than + any other + sing n., -er + than + any of the other + pl. n. 35.没什么与…一样…(最高 程度表达) 否定词+ as…as 36.没什么比…更加…(最高 程度表达) 否定词+ -er 37.没有/ 不如…那样… (两个较低程度比较) not as / so…as…, less + 原级 + than 38.在…当中最不… (最低 程度比较) the least + 原级+ 比较范 围 39.越来越… -er and –er, more and more + 原级 40.越…越… the + -er…the + -er 41.与…一样不… no + -er + than 42.…不比…更 not + -er + than 43.与其说…不如说… more…than… 44.超过；不仅仅；非常 more than 45.while做连词的三个意 思 当…；虽然，尽管(放句首)； 然而(引导并列句) 46.as做连词的六个意思 当…；一边…一边…；随着…； 由于；虽然(有特殊的倒装 结构)；如同，像

2015年高考英语真题分类汇编：专题09 连词和状语从句 Word版含解析

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