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人教版八年级下unit4重点知识,语法讲解

Unit 4 He said I was hard-working

本单元重点句型短语

1. soap opera 肥皂剧，电视（连续）剧

2. on Friday night 在星期五晚上

3. be mad at=be angry with 生……的气

4. have a surprise party for sb 为某人举行一个惊喜晚会

5. not … anymore=not … any longer 不再，再也不

6.get nervous 变得紧张

7.direct speech 直接引语reported speech 间接引语

8. first of all 首先

9. do a homework project 做家庭作业

10. pass on 传递

pass sth to sb

pass on the message to sb 向某人传递信息

11. work on 从事，设计，演算，操作

12. be supposed to do sth. 被期望（要求）做……，应该做……

13. be good at doing sth= do well in 擅长……

15. report card 成绩单

16. have a (bad) cold 患（重）感冒

17. be in good health=keep/ stay healthy 身体健康

18. end-of-year exams 学年考试

19. have a big fight with= fight with sb. 和…大打一架

21. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事

forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事

22. get over 克服，恢复，原谅

23. a poor mountain village 一个贫穷的山村

24. sound like +n 听起来像

25. graduate from 从……毕业

26. in the mail 在邮箱里

27. It's a good idea for sb. to do sth. 某人去做某事是一个好主意

28. China?s rural areas中国的偏远地区

29. sea level 海平面

above sea level海拔

30. the thin air 稀薄的空气

31. agree with sb./sth. 同意, 与……相符（一致）

32. both … and … 两者都

33.finish doing sth 完成做某事

34. open up 打开，展开，开发，揭露

open up one's eyes to 开拓某人的视野到......

35. a good start 一个良好的开端

36. care for＝look after=take care of 照料，照顾，计较，关心

37. in danger 处于危险之中

38.start a bad habbit 养成一个坏习惯

39.copy one?s homework抄袭某人的做业

40.send one?s love 问好

41.find science really difficult发现科学真的很难

42.make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth. 决定做某事

43.decide to do sth决定做某事

44.there is no difference between ...and...

在...和...之间没有区别

45.it's just that... 只不过，只是

46.be over 结束，完成

47.in the city of ......市

48.a one-year program 一个一年期的项目

49.people who need help 需要帮助的人

50.something we can do for them 我们能为他们做

本单元目标句型：

转述他人话语:What did sb. say? He said I …She said she…They said…

1. 许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages.

2. 许老师说地球绕着太阳转。Mr. Xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun.

3. 许老师告诉我他将去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day.

4. 许老师说欧洋正在做作业Mr. Xu said OuY ang was doing his homework at that time.

5. 许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working.

6. 在英语上，与听相比，我更擅长于读。In English, I?m better at reading than listening.

7. 情况怎样？How?s it going?

8. 她不想再当我最好的朋友了。She di dn?t want to be my best friend anymore.

9. I said it would start a bad habit , and that she would do her own work.

10. That?s about all the news I have now. Mum and Dad send their love.

11. She said helping others changed her life.

12. Y oung people today need to experience different things

13. I can open up my students? eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.

例句精讲

Section A

Lana thinks she?s coming to my house to study.

拉娜以为她要到我家来学习。

【巧解句构】这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句,主句为一般现在时态,从句是用趋向性动词come的现在分词表将来。

【拓展延伸】宾语从句的时态必须与主句呼应:

当主句中谓语是现在或将来时态,从句谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响,可以按需要使用任何时态,例如:

She says that she has never been to Mount Tai.

1)当主句谓语为过去时态,从句中的时态一般为过去的某种时态。例如:

He said he had finished his homework.

2)当从句叙述的是某一客观真理(事实)时,主句无论是何种时态,从句则用一般现在时。例如:

He said that light travels much faster than sound.

误区警示若宾语从句跟在动词think,believe,suppose,expect等表示“要,认为”等的动词后时,句子的否定体现在主句上,这就是“否定转移”现象。例如:

I don?t think you are right.我认为你不正确。

I don?t believe he has finished his work.

我相信他还没有完成他的工作。

Section B 3a

1.I was sorry to hear that he had a cold last week.

我听说他上周感冒了觉得很难过。

【巧解句构】这是一句包含宾语从句的主从复合句。主句是过去时态,从句也用过去时态。本句中that变为了宾语从句he had a cold last week的引导词。【要点剖析】I was sorry to hear that...是表示遗憾的常用语,意为“我听到……很遗憾”。have a cold意为“患感冒”还可以写成catch a cold。类似的词组还有: have a cough 咳嗽

have a fever 发烧

have a headache 头疼

2.I had a really hard time with science this semester,and I wasn?t surprised to find that my worst report was from my science(科学)teacher.

这学期我的科学课学得确实很吃力,所以当我看到最糟糕的评价来自于科学课老师时,我毫不吃惊。

【巧解句构】这是一句由and连接的并列句。前一个分句是简单句,后一个分句是包含宾语从句的主从复合句,主句I wasn?t surprised to find“我毫不吃惊地发现…… ”,不定式的动词find后面带一个由that引导的宾语从句。

【要点剖析】词组have a hard time with sth.意为“应付某事很费劲”;be surprised to 意为“对……感到吃惊”，不定式后接动词的原形。surprised为形容词,surprise为名词构成to one?s surprise(使……惊奇的是)词组。

【辨析比较】surprised 和surprising

1)当人作主语或修饰与人有关的词时用以 ed结尾的形容词。

2)当物作主语或修饰与物有关的词时用以 ing结尾的形容词。例如:

We are surprised to hear the surprising news.

我们听到那条令人惊讶的新闻感到非常吃惊。

3.The good news is that my math teacher said I was hard-working.

好消息是数学老师说我很用功。

【巧解句构】这是一句包含表语从句的主从复合句。主句the good news is使用的是一般现在时,表示目前的情况。由that引导的从句my math teacher said I was hardworking在句中充当表语,使用的是一般过去时,陈述过去。其中又包含一个从句I was hardworking,作said的宾语。

【拓展延伸】表语从句于主句中的系动词之后,主要有四类:

1)由连词who, what, which 等引导的表语从句。这些词不但可以起连接作用,还可以在句中作主语、宾语和表语。例如:

China is not what she was yesterday.

中国已不再是以前的那个中国了。

2)由不充当任何句子成分的连词that,whether引起的表语从句。例如:

What I mean is that we should help each other.

我的意思是我们应该互相帮助。

The problem is whether we can finish the work on time.

问题是我们能不能按时完成工作。

3)由连接副词when, where, why, how 引导的表语从句。例如:

This is when I really get to know Americans.

我这时才开始认识美国人。

4)由连词as, because, as if, as though 引导的表语从句。例如:

It looks as if it is going to rain tonight.

看起来好像今晚要下雨。

Self Check 2

Last week in school we had a big fight, and she didn?t talk to me.

上周在学校我们大吵了一架,她不和我说话了。

【巧解句构】这是一个and连接的前后均是一般过去时态的并列句。

【要点剖析】1)短语have a fight意为“吵架”,后面接宾语时要加上介词with,即have a fight with等同于fight with sb.(此时的fight为动词)。

2)短语talk to sb.意为“与……谈话/交谈”,to也可以被with替换。如果talk后面接的是“某事”则介词用about即talk about sth.。

She said helping others changed her life.

1.Teaching high school students in a poor mountain village in Gansu Province may not sound like fun to you.

在甘肃省一个贫困山村教中学生,在你听来也许并不有趣。

【巧解句构】该句是个简单句。这句话的主语很长,一个动名词短语(teaching high school students“教中学生”)加上两个地点状语(in a poor mountain vill age“贫困山村”和in Gansu Province“甘肃省”)构成了本句的主语。谓语部分则使用了sound like短语,表示“听来并不有趣”。

【要点剖析】短语sound like 意为“听起来像……”,sound是一个系动词,类似的词还有:feel, smell, taste, look, get, turn等。

2.She said that both she and her husband thought this was a good idea.

她和她丈夫都认为这是一件很好的事。

【巧解句构】该句是个复合句,said后面的that引导的是宾语从句,是said的内容;

句中的thought后面也是一个宾语从句,但省略了引导词that。通常宾语从句由that 引导时,常可省去that,但said后的that常保留。

【要点剖析】词组both...and...意为“(两者)都”是并列连词可以连接两个人或物一起作主语。反义词为neither...nor...,它们的用法不同:neither...nor...引导的词作主语时谓语动词与nor后的词保持一致即就近原则;both...and...无此用法。

3.There is no difference between you and them.

你和他们之间没有不同。

【巧解句构】该句是一个there be句型,名词difference作句子的真正主语,no相当于not any。There is no difference between...and...意为“在……和……之间没有区别”。如果表示“有区别”,则使用There is a difference between...and...或者There are differences between...and...。

【要点剖析】词组between...and...表示“在……之间”,between只用于二者之间。

【拓展延伸】there be句型的一些用法:

1)主谓一致

谓语动词要采取就近一致原则,和靠近be的主语一致。例如:

There is a pen,two rulers in the box.

盒子里有一只钢笔,两把尺子。

There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate.

门口有两个男孩,一个老师。

2)主语后的动词形式

在there be 句型中,主语与动词是主动关系时用现在分词;是被动关系时用过去分词。例如:

There is a purse lying on the ground.地上有一个钱包。

There are five minutes left now.现在还有5分钟。

3)反意疑问句

反意疑问句应与there be对应,而不是依据主语。例如:

There is a radio on the table,isn?t there?

桌子上有一台收音机,是吧?

There ar e more than fifty classes in your school,aren?t there?

你们学校有50个班,是吧?

4)there be 与have的替换

there be表示所属时可与have替换。

There is nothing but a book in my bag.=I have nothing but a book in my bag.

在我包里只有一本书。

记忆要诀there be 句型的谓语歌诀

there be句型可译“有”,be 动词跟着名词走。

名词单数不可数,当用is记清楚。

如果名词是复数,用are一定要记住。

出现并列主语特殊记,“就近原则”用仔细。

4.I can open up my students? eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.

我能为我的学生打开眼界看外面的世界,并且给他们的生活一个好的开始。【巧解句构】该句是一个含有情态动词的一般现在时态的简单句,and连接前后

两个并列谓语。

【要点剖析】1)短语open up one?s eyes 意为“使……开眼界”。

2)动词give有两种用法:give sb. sth.和give sth. to sb.。

5.When her year was over,she said that she would return to the area after finishing her studies.

一年期满时她说:毕业后她会回到这个地方。

【巧解句构】该句是个包含时间状语从句和宾语从句的主从复合句。时间状语从句when her year was over意为“当她的一年(支教)期结束时……”。主句是一个间接引语,that...studies作said的宾语从句,时态为过去将来时,表明是在“当时”要离开的时候,杨蕾承诺“将来”要回到这个地方;在这个宾语从句中after finishing her studies作为一个时间状语,点明了她将要回来的时间为“完成学业后”。

【要点剖析】1)短语be over意为“结束”。

2)return to...意为“返回……”。

本单元语法讲解

直接引语变间接引语

引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。

John said, "I'm going to London with my father."

约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引语）

John said that he was going to London with his father.

约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）

直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

一、如何变人称：

将直接引语变间接引语时。人称变化有下面有一句顺口溜：“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。

“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：

She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.

“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：

He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。

“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：

Mr Smith said。"Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。

二、如何变时态：

直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。

在直接引语中的时态在间接引语应变成的时态

一般现在时一般过去时

现在进行时过去进行时

一般将来时过去将来时

现在完成时过去完成时

一般过去时过去完成时

过去完成时过去完成时

1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→

She said she had lost a pen

2)She said. "We hope so."→

She said they hoped so.

3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→

She said he would go to see his friend。

但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。

①直接引语是客观真理。

1. "The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. →

2. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。

②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：

Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→

Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。

③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：

Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →

Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。

④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：

He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →

He said he gets up at six every morning。

⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：1. Peter said. "Y ou had better come have today。" →

Peter said I had better go there that day。

2. The teacher said to me . "Y ou must pay more attention to your pronunciation."→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.

3. He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."→

He said that he could swim when he was only six.

⑥如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."→

He told me that he had taught English since he came here.

三、如何变指示代词、地点状语、时间状语及动词：

直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”；地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”。如：

直接引语间接引语

指示代词this that

these those

时间状语now then

today that day

tonight that night

this(week, term, year…)that (week, term, year…) yesterday the day before

last week (term, year…)the week (term, year…)

two weeks (term, year…)ago t wo weeks (term, year…) before tomorrow the next (following) day

next week (term, year…)the next week (term, year…)

地点状语here there

动词come go bring take

He said, "These books are mine." →

He said those books were his.

四、如何变句型：

①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：

She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→

She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

②直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：

1．He said, "Can you swim, John?" →

He asked John if he could swim.

2．"Y ou have finished the homework, haven…t you?" my mother asked. →

My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

③直接引语是选择疑问句时，间接引语应改为由whether….or引导的宾语从句。3He asked me,"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →

He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.

④直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→

She asked me when they had their dinner.

⑤直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如：

1. "Don?t make any noise," she said to the children. →

She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.

2. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→

She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

⑥直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。

1. She said, "What a lovely day it is !"→

She said what a lovely day it was .或

She said that it was a lovely day.

直接引语变间接引语巩固练习

I．单项填空

1. He said, "I am living with my brother."

He said that __________ was living with his brother.

A. I

B. you

C. he

D. they

2. He said, "You are sure to get a warm welcome there."

He said that we ____________ sure to get a warm welcome there.

A. am

B. was

C. were

D. are

3. She says, "Something is wrong with my bike."

She says that something is wrong with __________ bike.

A. my

B. a

C. his

D. her

4. He has said, "I will not do so again."

He has said that he ____________ not do so again.

A. will

B. must

C. would

D. do

5. The teacher said, "My son had the same experience as the little boy."

The teacher said that his son had _____________ the same experience as the little boy.

A. been

B. have

C. had

D. done

6. She said to me, "My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday."

She told me that her mother had taken ____________ to an exhibition the day before.

A. she

B. me

C. her

D. you

7. Y ou said to me, "I saw the film two days ago."

Y ou told me that you had seen the film _________

A. two days

B. two days before

C. two days ago

D. yesterday

8. He said to his younger sister, "You may come with me."

He told his younger sister that __________ with him.

A. you may come

B. you might come

C. she might come

D. she might go

9. The student said to me, "She has made a close study of the problem."

The student told me that she ____________ a close study of the problem.

A. has make

B. have made

C. had make

D. had made

10. He said, "I live here."

He said that he lived___________.

A. there

B. here

C. in there

D. at there

Ⅱ、将下列句子改为间接引语

11.The teacher said to his class, "Don't waste your time!"

12.She said to her son, "Don't forget to turn off the light when you leave the room!"

13.His father said to him, "Think, before you do it!"

14.The teacher said to his students, "Tell briefly in your own words how penicillin was discovered."

15.The leader said to him, "Please write your report as short as possible."

16.He said to me, "Let me have a look at the book you bought."

17.He said, "I am proud of my motherland."

18.John said, "I wrote back telling him about it yesterday."

19.I said, "I will give her some advice tomorrow."

20."Y ou are wasting your time day-dreaming!" he said to Mary.

21."Y ou have already done your duty," he said to her.

22.Mary wrote in her letter, "Mr. Liu, when will you come to America?"

23."Don't risk your lives, men!" the captain warned.

24."I'll be very busy today," said the man.

25.She said, "We have worked on the school farm for two weeks."

26.He said, "I'm reviewing my lessons."

27.They said, "We arrived this morning."

28.She said to me, "Have lunch with us."

29.The teacher asked, "Are you ready?"

30.Betty asked Mary, "Are you having your lunch now?"

31."Be careful, and don't cut your finger," he said to me.

32.He said to the old woman, "Don't worry. I'll take you there."

33."Did you go to the meeting yesterday?" she asked me.

34."Will you please be quiet?" she said.

35.The man asked me, "How many times have you been here?"

Ⅳ、将下列句子改成直接引语

36.I said that there was not any trouble, and I was waiting for my change.

37.They said that they wouldn't go by air only because they hadn't enough money.

38.The driver said that he hadn't seen the signal, so he hadn't stopped.

39.My brother told me that he was surely to be able to master English.

40.He said that he hadn't quite understood that sentence, and asked me if I could translate it into Chinese.

41.His father told Mike that he ought to work even harder.

42.He told his assistants that he would not give up the experiment.

43.I warned the children not to go swimming in the lake.

44.My mother said that I looked rather tired, and I'd better go and lie for a while.

45.Della asked Jim to give it to her quickly.

46.He said that he could hardly support his family.

47.Y ou said that you had woven the cloth by then.

48.Mary said just now that she would come again tomorrow.

49.The woman asked him why he had to sleep in the open air.

50.The headmaster suggested that the students should go skating.

51.He told me to go on with my work.

52.He asked me whether I had any difficulty.

53.Li Ming said that he joined the League in August 1980.

54.He asked me whether I was a Party member or a League Member.

55.Wang told the teacher that he was not feeling well that day.

56.Zhang told me that he had a meeting that afternoon and that he couldn't go with me.

57.I asked my mother whether she had seen the exhibition.

58.The teacher asked me if everything was ready.

59.My aunt asked me to keep warm and not to go out.

60.The worker told me that it would take me two days to finish the work.

答案

1-5 CCDCC 6-10 CBDCA

11. The teacher told his class not to waste their time.

12. She told her son not to forget to turn off the light when he lefts the room.

13. His father told him to think before he did it.

14. The teacher ordered his students to tell briefly in their own words how penicillin had been discovered.

15. the leader told him to write his reports as short as possible.

16. He told me to let him have a look at the book I had bought.

17. He said he was proud of his motherland.

18. John said he had written back telling him about it the day before.

19. I said I would give her some advice the next day.

20. He told Mary that she was wasting her time day-dreaming.

21. He told her that she had already done her duty.

22. Mary asked Mr. Liu in her letter when he would go to America.

23. The captain warned the men no to risk their lives.

24. The man said he would be very busy that day.

25. She said they had worked on the school farm for two weeks.

26. He said he was reviewing his lessons.

27. They said they had arrived that morning.

28. She told me to have lunch with her.

29. The teacher asked if we were ready.

30. Betty asked Mary if she was having her lunch now.]

31. He told me to be careful and not to cut my finger.

32. He told the old woman not to worry and he would take her there.

33. She asked me if I had been to the meeting the day before.

34. She asked if we would be quiet.

35. The man asked me how many times I had been there.

36. I said, “there is not any trouble, and I am waiting fro my change. ”

37. They said, “We won?t come by air only because we haven?t enough money.”

38. The driver said, “I haven?t seen the sign, so I haven?t stop.”

39. My brother said to me, “ I …m surely to be able to master English.”

40. He said, “ I haven?t quite understood the sentence, can you translate it into Chinese?”

41. Mike?s father said to him, “you ought to work even harder.”

42. He said to his assistant, “Y ou will not give up the experiment.”

43. I warned the children, “ Don?t go swimming in the lake.”

44. My mother said, “Y ou look rather tired, you?d better go and live for a while.”

45. Della asked, “Jim, give it to me quickly.”

46. He said, “I can hardly support my family.”

47. Y ou said, “I have woven the cloth by now.”

48. “ I will come again tomorrow.” Mary said just now

49. The woman asked him, “Why does he have to sleep in the open air?”

50. The headmaster suggested to the students, “Y ou should go skating! ”

51. He told me, “Go on with your work.”

52. He asked me, “ Do you have any difficulty?”

53. Li Ming said, “ I joined the League in August 1980.”

54. He asked me, “ Are you a Party member or a League Member?”

55. Wang said to the teacher, “I am not feeling well today.”

56. Zhang said to me, “I have a meeting this afternoon , I can?t go with you.”

57. I asked, “Have you seen the exhibition, Mother?”

58. The teacher asked me, “Iis everything ready?”

59. My aunt told me, “ Keep warm and don?t go out.”

60. The worker said to me, “it will take him two days to finish the work.”

八年级下册英语语法大全

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人教版八年级英语下册第四单元知识点归纳总结.doc

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人教版八年级下册英语Unit4知识点

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六年级语法总复习一、词汇（一）一般过去时态一般过去时态表示在过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。例如yesterday, last weekend ,last Saturday ,等连用。基本句型：主语+动词的过去式+其他。例句——What did you do last weekend?你上周做什么了？ ——I played football last weekend.我踢足球了。 ★规则动词过去式的构成 ⒈一般在动词原形末尾加-ed。例如：play—played ⒉词尾是e的动词直接加-d。例如：dance—danced ⒊末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。例如stop（停止）--stopped ⒋结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，变“y”为“i”，再加-ed，例如：study--studied ★一些不规则变化的动词过去式 am/is—was are—were go—went swim—swam fly—flew do—did have—had say—said see—saw take—took come—came become—became get—got draw—drew hurt—hurt read—read tell—told will—would eat—ate take—took make—made drink—drank sleep(睡觉)—slept cut（切）--cut sit(坐)—sat begin(开始)—began think—thought find—found run(跑)---ran buy—bought win—won give(给)—gave sing—sang leave—left hear（听）--heart wear—wore （二）一般现在时态一般现在时态表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态，表示习惯性或客观存在的事实和真理。常与often ,always ,usually ,sometimes ,every day等连用。基本句型分为两种情况： ●主语（非第三人称）+动词原形+其他。例句：——What do you usually do on the weekend?——I usually do my homework on the weekend. ●主语（第三人称）+动词的第三人称单数形式+其他。例句： ——What does Sarah usually do on the weekend?萨拉通常在周末干什么？ ——She usually does her homework on the weekend.她通常在周末做她的家庭作业。 ★动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则 ⒈一般直接在动词词尾加-s.例如：play—plays ⒉以s ,x ,ch,sh结尾的动词加-es。例如：watch—watches ⒊以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加es,例如：fly—flies ⒋个别不规则变化动词，需单独记忆，例如：do—does go—goes （三）现在进行时态现在进行时态表示说话人现在正在进行的动作。基本句型：主语+be+动词的-ing+其他。例如:——What are you doing ?你在干什么？ ——I am doing my homework..我正在做作业。 ★动词现在分词的变化规则 ⒈一般直接在词尾加ing ，例如;wash—washing ⒉以不发音e字母结尾的动词，去掉e ,再加ing.例如：make—making ⒊末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，要双写最后一个辅音字母再加ing.例如swim—swimming （四）一般将来时态一般将来时态表示将来某一时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间如tomorrow ,next weeken ,this afternoon 等连用。我们通常用will,be going to+动词原形来表示一般将来时态。

人教版新目标八年级下册英语语法

八年级下册英语 1．形容词，副词的比较等级考查热点透视： a)表示A与B在程度上相同时，“as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不如B时，可用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。 b)表示A比B在程度上“更…..”时，可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构 c)表示三者或三者以上的比较，其中一个在程度上“最…..”时，常用“the+形容词或副词的最高级”结构，后面可带“of/in的短语”来说明比较的范围。（注意：副词的最高级在句中常省略“the”.） d)在形容词或副词的比较级前，可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等词语来修饰，以加强语气。 e)表示“越来越….”时，常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构，但要注意，对于多音节和部分双音节形容词，副词而言，若要表达此意时，要用“more and more+形容词或副词的原级“结构。 f)在表示“其中最….之一“的含义时，常使用“one of+the+形容词最高级形式+名词复数”结构，其中的定冠词the不可以省略。 g)如果强调“两者中比较…的（一个）”的意思时，可使用“the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。 h)表示“越….越….”, 可使用“the+形容词或副词的比较级，the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。 2 .一般将来时 a)一般将来时的构成：由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall用于第一人称。在口语中，will在名词或代词后常简略为’ll 用”be going to +动词原形”也可表示将来时，表示将要发生的事，打算或决定要做的事。 b)一般将来时的用法：1）表示将要发生的动作或情况；2）不以人的意志为转移，肯定要发生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是国庆日。 3. in/after:in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”。也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”，句子中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态；after常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”，所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后，或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时，它可以与将来时态连用。 4.more, less, fewer的用法区别：more为many, much的比较级，意为“更多”，可修饰可数与不可数名词。Less是little 的比较级，意为“更好，较少”，修饰不可数名词。Fewer是few的比较级，意为“更少”，修饰可数名词复数。【注意】few, little表示否定“几乎没有”。a few, a little表示肯定“一点，几个”。 5.would like sth意思为“想要某物“；would like to do意思为”想要做某事“。回答would like句型的一般疑问句时，其肯定回答为“Yes, please.”;否定回答“No, thanks”或“I’d like /love to, but….” 6. Such作形容词，意思是“如此的”“这样的”，修饰各种名词。 Such这样的。如It is such bad weather.天气如此恶劣。 Such常和as搭配，表示一种类别。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。 Such常和表示结果的that从句搭配，表示“如此….以至于…”如 It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home. Such…that…和so…that…都可用来引出一个结果状语从句。由于such是形容词，所以that从句前有一个受such 修饰的名词；而so 是副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，因此that从句前一般不出现名词。如 They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.

2014年八年级英语下册unit4知识点

Unit4 Why don?t you talk to your parents?(sectionA) 1.allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事。 allow doing sth 允许做某事。allow sth 允许某事。 2.get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架 have a fight with sb. / fight with sb. 3.not…until…直到…才… 4.Why don?t you do sth.?=Why not do sth. ? 5. find sb doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事 find sb do sth 发现某人做了、常做某事(hear/see/notice有以上相同的用法。) find sb./sth. adj. 6.look through 浏览 look around 到处看look up (字典中)查找 look out 小心；向外看look after 照顾；照看 7.give back 、return归还 give sth back (to sb) = return sth (to sb) /return (sb) sth“把某物归还给某人” 8.return回来；返回 return to spl.= come/get back to spl. “回到某处” = go back to spl. “返回某处” 9. write (a letter ) to sb.=write sb. a letter 给某人写信 10.be good at (doing sth.)擅长=do well in (doing sth.) 在某方面做得好 be good for 对---有益be good with 与---相处得好be nice/good to sb.对某人好 11.refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 12.get on /along (well ) with sb 与某人相处(地好) get on /along （well）with sth. 某事进展(顺利) 13.argue with sb 与某人争吵 14. instead “反而，代替”（用在句首后加逗号/句尾） instead of sb./sth./d oing sth “代替,而不是……” https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8710589046.html,municate with sb.与某人交流 16.offer to do sth. 提出做某事 offer sb sth /offer sth to sb提供给某人某物（provide sth for sb或provide sb with sth ） 17.clear adj 清楚的，清晰的-- -”adj” clearly清楚地，清晰地 18. explain to sb. 向某人解释 19. Don’t be nervous. 不要紧张 feel/be/get nervous about…. 对…感到紧张 be nervous to do sth. 做某事紧张 Unit4 Why don’t you talk to your parents ? 1.允许；准许v________ 2.有毛病；错误的adj________ 3.哪儿不舒服____ 4.午夜；子夜n________ 5.快速查看；浏览___________ 6.猜测；估计v_________ 7.协议；交易n______ 8.重要的事_________ 9.成功的发展；解决_______ 10.和睦相处；关系良好_________ 11.关系；联系；交往n______ 12.交流；沟通n_________ 13.争吵；争论v_________ 14.云；云朵n_________ 15.年纪较长的adj_____ 16.代替；反而；却adv_____ 17.任何；每一pron__________ 18.焦虑的；担忧的adj_________ 19.主动提出；自愿给予v__________ 20.正确的；恰当的adj _______ 21.第二；其次adv____________ 22.交流；沟通v____________ 23.解释；说明v____________ 24.清楚易懂的；晴朗的adj_________ 25.抄袭；模仿；复制；复印v__________26归还；回来；返回v_______ 27.再也不；不再adv__________ 28.成员；分子n ___________ 29.压力n___________ 30.竞争；对抗v___________ 31.意见；想法；看法n ___________ 32.技艺；技巧n___________ 33.典型的adj___________ 34.美式橄榄球；足球n_______ 35.删除；删去__________ 36.快的；迅速的adj___________ 37.持续；继续存在v ___________ 38.比较v ___________ 39.比较；对比__________ 40.不理智的；疯狂的adj___________ 41.鞭策；督促；推动v ___________ 42.发展；发育；成长n ___________

八年级英语下册语法

新目标英语八年级下复习资料总结：第4组 ◆unit 1 Will people have robots? 知识点： 1．形容词，副词的比较等级考查热点透视： a)表示A与B在程度上相同时，“as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不如B 时，可用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。 b)表示A比B在程度上“更…..”时，可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构 c)表示三者或三者以上的比较，其中一个在程度上“最…..”时，常用“the+形容词或副词的最高级”结构，后面可带“of/in的短语”来说明比较的范围。（注意：副词的最高级在句中常省略“the”.） d)在形容词或副词的比较级前，可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等词语来修饰，以加强语气。 e)表示“越来越….”时，常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构，但要注意，对于多音节和部分双音节形容词，副词而言，若要表达此意时，要用“more and more+形容词或副词的原级“结构。 f)在表示“其中最….之一“的含义时，常使用“one of+the+形容词最高级形式+名词复数”结构，其中的定冠词the不可以省略。 g)如果强调“两者中比较…的（一个）”的意思时，可使用“the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。 h)表示“越….越….”, 可使用“the+形容词或副词的比较级，the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。 2 .一般将来时 a)一般将来时的构成：由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall用于第一人称。在口语中，will在名词或代词后常简略为’ll，will not常简略为won’t。这个时态的肯定，否定和疑问结构可表示如下：用 b)一般将来时的用法：1）表示将要发生的动作或情况；2）不以人的意志为转移，肯定要发生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是国庆日。 3. in/after:in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”。也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”，句子中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态；after常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”，所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后，或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时，它可以与将来时态连用。 4.more, less, fewer的用法区别：more为many, much的比较级，意为“更多”，可修饰可数与不可数名词。Less是little的比较级，意为“更好，较少”，修饰不可数名词。Fewer是few 的比较级，意为“更少”，修饰可数名词复数。

人教版八年级下册Unit4知识点及练习(1)

Unit 4He said I was hard-working 【单元目标】一．目标句型：转述他人话语What did sb. say? He said I …She said she…They said… 二．语法直接引语和间接引语【词汇学习】 1．mad adj．极为愤怒的；十分恼火的 She was mad with me for losing my keys．她为我丢了钥匙而生我的气。 2．anymore adv．再；还（用于否定句） He doesn't come here anymore．他再也不到这儿来了。 3．however adv．无论如何 He can answer the question however hard it is．不管问题有多难他都能回答。 4．suppose v．假定；认为；料想；期望 What do you suppose you will do after school? 你放学后想干什么? 5．nervous adj．紧张的；神经质的 I felt very nervous when I went into his office．当我走进他的办公室时，我感到很紧张。 6．semester n．一学期；半年 We will have ten subjects in this semester．这个学期我们将学十门功课。 7．disappointing adj．令人失望的 Maybe this news is disappointing ．也许这是一个令人失望的消息。 8．be supposed to 认为必须；认为应该 You are supposed to be successful．你应该成功。 9．get mad 变疯；变得着迷 She gets mad about going to dance．她对跳舞着了迷。 10．get over 恢复，克服困难 Can we get over this difficulty? 我们能克服这个困难吗? 11. first of all 首先 12. pass on 传递 13. be supposed to 被期望或被要求…… 14. do better in 在......方面做得更好 15. be in good health 身体健康 16. report card 成绩单 17. get over克服；恢复；原谅 18. open up 打开；开拓；开发；开放 19. care for照料；照顾 20．have a party for sb.为某人举行一次聚会 21．be mad at sb 对某人恼火，愤怒【重点句型分析】 1. What are some soap operas you know? 你所知道的有哪些肥皂剧？ you know是定语从句，修饰前日面的名词soap operas 2. What are some things that happen on soap operas? 肥皂剧里发生了些什么事？ That happen on soap operas 是定语从句，修饰前日面的名字something. 3. Lana said she wasn’t mad at Marcia anymore.拉娜说她不再生玛西娅的气了。 be mad at (with) sb. 对某人恼火 be mad at (about) sth. (doing sth.) 对某事恼火 eg. Mother got mad at (with) me for watching TV for hours. （此处的got mad at = was mad at） not… anymore不再…… eg. She didn’t cry anymore.她不再哭了。 4. bring some books to her house. 给她带来一些书

人教版八年级英语下册各单元语法点汇总

Unit 1 What 'the matter? 一、询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法 (1) 询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达： What's the matter (with sb. )?(某人)怎么了？ What's wrong (with sb. )?(某人)怎么了？ What's the trouble (with sb. )?(某人)出什么事了？ Whathappened (to sb. )?(某人)发生了什么事？ Are you OK?尔没事吧？ Is there anything wrong with sb. ?某人有什么事吗？ (2) 要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构： ①某人+have/has+病症. The twins have colds .双胞胎感冒了。某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache. She had a stomachache last night .她昨晚肚子痛。 ③某人+have/has+a+sore+ 发病部位. Hehasasore throat .他喉咙痛。 ④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词. Hehurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。 ⑤某部位+hurt(s). Myhead hurts badly .我头痛得厉害。 ⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in on e's+身体部位，I have a pa in in my chest .我胸口痛。 ⑦(There is)something wrong with one's+身体部位. There is something wrong with my right eye ..我的右眼有毛病。 ⑧其他表达方式 She has a heart trouble .她有心脏病。 Hegot hit on the head他头部受到了撞击。 She cut her finger .她割破手指了。二情态动词should的用法 1. Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn '，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。You should drink hot water with honey .你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。Heshould put his head back 他应该把头后仰。 Weshould try our best to help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。Youshouldn ‘t watch TV.你不应该看电视。 2. Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。 Should I put somemedicine on it?我应当给它敷上药吗？Should wetell her about it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有： ①Would you like (to do) sth .?你想要/愿意(做)某事吗？ Would you like to play basketball with me?尔想要和我一起打篮球吗？ ②Shall I/we do sth ?我/我们做”好吗？ Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园，好吗？ ③Whynot do sth ?为什么不”呢？ Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？ ④How/Whatabout doing sth ?做某事怎么样？Howabout going swimming?去游泳怎么样？

(完整版)六年级英语语法知识点汇总

六年级语法总复习亠、词汇（一）一般过去时态一般过去时态表示在过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。例如 yesterday, last weeke nd ,last Saturday , 等连用。基本句型：主语+动词的过去式+其他。例句---------- What did you do last weekend? 你上周做什么了？ ---- I played football last weeke nd. 我踢足球了。 ★规则动词过去式的构成 1. 一般在动词原形末尾加-ed。例如：play —played 2. 词尾是e的动词直接加-d。例如：dance —da need 3. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。例如stop （停止）--stopped 4. 结尾是“辅音字母+y ”的动词，变“ y”为“ i”，再加-ed，例如：study-studied ★ 一些不规则变化的动词过去式 am/is —was are —were go -—went swim -— swam fly —flew do —did have —had say —-said see—sawtake —took come —came become —became get—got draw —drew hurt — -hurt read —read tell —told will —would eat — ate take —took make —made drink —drank sleep （睡觉）—slept cut （切）--cut sit（坐）—sat begin（开始）—began th ink —thought find —found run（跑）---ra n buy —bought win -— won give（给）—gave sing —sang leave —left hear （听）--heart wear ——wore （二）一般现在时态一般现在时态表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态，表示习惯性或客观存在的事实和真理。常与ofte n ,always ,usually ‘sometimes ,every day等连用。基本句型分为两种情况： ?主语（非第三人称）+ 动词原形+ 其他。例句：----What do you usually do on the weeke nd? --------------- I usually do my homework on the weeke nd. ?主语（第三人称）+动词的第三人称单数形式+其他。例句： ---- What does Sarah usually do on the weeke nd? 萨拉通常在周末干什么？ ---- She usually does her homework on the weeke nd. 她通常在周末做她的家庭作业。 ★动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则 1 一般直接在动词词尾加-s.例如：play —plays 2. 以s ,x ,ch,sh 结尾的动词加-es。例如：watch —watches 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加es,例如：fly —flies 4. 个别不规则变化动词，需单独记忆，例如：do —does go —goes （三）现在进行时态