人教版八年级下册英语语法解析知识重点总结
新目标英语八年级(下)重点短语及句型总
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
1. fewer people 更少的人（fewer 修饰名词复数，表示否定）
2. less free time 更少的空闲时间（less 修饰不可数名词，表示否定）
3. in ten years 10年后（in 的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon）
4. fall in love with … 爱上……
例：When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in
love with him at once.
当我第一次见到许老师，我立刻爱上他。
5. live alone 单独居住
6. feel lonely 感到孤独（比较：live alone/ go alone 等）
The girl walked alone along the street, but she
didn't feel lonely.
那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独。
7. keep/ feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪
8. fly to the moon 飞上月球
9. hundreds of + 复数数百/几百（概数，类似还有thousands of; millions of）
10. the same as 和……相同
11. A be different from B A与B不同
(= There is a difference/ Thgere are
differences between A and B)
12. wake up 醒来(wake sb. up 表示“唤醒某人”)
13. get bored 变得厌倦（get/ become 是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/ angry/ excited 等）
14. go skating 去滑冰（类似还有go hiking/ fishing /
skating/ bike riding 等）
15. lots of/ a lot of 许多（修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以）
16. at the weekends 在周末
17. study at home on computers 在家通过电脑学习
18. agree with sb. 同意某人(的意见)
19. I don't agree. = I disagree. 我不同意。
20. on a piece of paper 在一张纸上
（注意paper/ information/ news/ work/ homework/
housework 等常考到的不可数名词）
21. on vacation 度假
22. help sb with sth/help sb do sth. 帮助某人做某事
23. many different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种金鱼
24. live in an apartment 住在公寓里；live on the twelfth
floor 住在12楼
25. live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332号
26. as a reporter 作为一名记者
27. look smart 显得精神/看起来聪明
28. Are you kidding? 你在骗我吗？
29. in the future 在将来/在未来
30. no more = not … anymore 不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）
31. no longer = not … any longer 不再（强调状态不再发生）
32. besides（除……之外还，包括）与except = but（除……之外，不包括）
33. be able to 与can 能；会
（be able to 用于各种时态，而can
只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；have to 用于各种时态，而must
只能用于一般现在时态）例如：
①I have been able to/ will be able to speak
two languages. （不可以用can）
②had to stay at home/ will have to （不可以用must）
34. be big and crowded 大而且拥挤
34. be in college 在上大学
35. live on a space station 住在空间站
36. dress casually 穿得很随意；casual clothing 休闲服饰
37. win the next World Cup 赢得世界杯；win award 获奖
38. come true 变成现实
39. take hundreds of years 花几百年的时间
40. be fun to watch 看起来有趣
41. over and over again 一次又一次
42. be in different shapes 形状不同
43. twenty years from now 今后20年
本单元目标句型：
1. What do you think life will be like in 1000
years?
2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and
less pollution in the future.
fewer；less 表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词；more 二者都可以修饰。
3. Will kids go to school? No, they won't/ Yes,
they will。
4. Predicting the future can be difficult.
5. I need to look smart for my job interview.
6. I will be able to dress more casually.
7. I think I'll go to Hong Kong on vacation, and
one day I might even visit Australia.
8. What will teenagers do for fun twenty years
from now?
9. That may not seem possible now, but computers,
space rockets and even electric
toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years
ago.
本单元语法讲解：一般将来时
1. 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词：
①含tomorrow; next 短语；②in + 段时间；③how soon；
④by + 将来时间；⑤by the time sb. do …；⑥祈使句句型中：or/
and sb. will do；
⑦在时间/条件状语从句中，如果从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时；⑧another day 比较be going to 与will:
be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。如：He is going to write a letter tonight. He will
write a book one day.
2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will
表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He
will be twenty years old.
3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will 则没有这个意思，如：
She is going to lend us her book. He will be
here in half an hour.
4. 在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用be going to, 而多用will。如：
If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.
掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分be going to 与will 了。
一般将来时常见的标志词
①含tomorrow; next 短语；②in + 段时间；
③how soon；④by + 将来时间；
5. 祈使句句型中：or/ and sb. will do
例：Be quick, or you will be late = If you don't be quick, you will be late
6. 在时间/条件状语从句中，如果从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时
Unit 2 What should I do?
1. too loud 太大声
2. out of style 过时的
3. in style 流行的
4. call sb. up = ring sb. up = call/ ring/ phone
sb. 给……打电话
5. enough money 足够的钱(enough 修饰名词时不必后置)
6. busy enough 够忙(enough 修饰形容词或副词时必须后置)
7. a ticket to/ for a ball game 一张球赛的门票
注意：the key to the lock/ the key (answer) to the
question)/ the solution to the problem.
此处几个短语不能用of 表示所有格
8. talk about 谈论
9. on the phone 用电话
10. pay for 付款
11. spend … on +sth. = spend … ( in) doing sth.在……花钱
12. It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花……的时间
13. borrow … fr om 从……借( 借进来)
14. lend … to 把……借给(借出去)
15. You can keep the book for a week 你可以借这本书一周。（不用borrow 或lend）
16. buy sth. for sb. 为……买东西
17. tell sb. to do/ not to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
18. want sb. to do sth. = would like sb. to do 想某人做某事
19. find out 发现；查清楚；弄明白
20. play one's stereo 放录象
21. fail the test = not pass the test 考试不及格
22. fail in (doing) sth. …在……上失败,变弱
23. succeed in (doing) sth. 在……方面成功
24. write sb a letter/write to sb. 给某人写信
25. surprise sb. 使某人吃惊（类似有：surprise/ interest/
please/ amaze + 某人）
26. to one's surprise 使某人吃惊的是……
27. to one's joy 使某人高兴的是……
28. look for a part-time job 找一份兼职的工作（不一定有结果）
29. get/ find a part-time job 找到一份兼职的工作（有结果）
30. ask sb. for … 寻求/向某人要某物
31. have a bake sale 卖烧烤
32. argue with sb = have an argument with sb.与某人争吵
33. have a fight with sb. = fight with 与某人打架
34. drop off 离去；散去；逐渐减少;死去
35. prepar e for … = get ready for … 为……做准备
36. after-school clubs (activities) 课外俱乐部（活动）
be/ get used to doing 习惯做某事
used to do 过去经常/常常做某事
be used for doing = be used to do sth. 被用于做某事
37. fill … up 填补；装满……；be full of 装满
38. return sth. to sb. = give sth. back to sb. 把某物归还给某人
39. get on/ along well with 与…相处很好
40. all kinds of 各种各样
41. as much as possible = as much as you can 尽可能多
42. take part in = join in 参加（某种活动/集会）
43. a bit = a little 一点儿（当修饰形容词或比较级时）
44. a bit of = a little 一点儿/一些（当修饰不可数名词时）
45. be angry with … 生……的气
46. by oneself = on one's own 某人自己/独自地
47. on the one hand 一方面
48. on the other hand 另一方面
49. I find/ feel/ think it difficult to do …
我发现/感到/认为做某事很难。
50. see/ hear/ watch sb. doing sth. 看到/听见/注视某人正在做……
51. not … until 直到……才（谓语动词一般是非延续动词）
52. 表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法:
be/ become + upset/ tired/ excited/
interested/ worried/ surprised/ amazed/ annoyed
说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed
结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是-ing 结尾单词.）例如: I was surprised/ interested/ amazed when I
heard the surprising/ interesting/ amazing news.
53. radio advice program 电台提建议的节目
54. be original 新颖的
55. leave something somewhere 把某物忘在某处
56. sports clothes 运动服
57. the same age as = as old as 和……年龄一样
58. the tired children 疲惫不堪的孩子
59. complain about (doing sth.) 抱怨……
60. take their children from activity to activity 带着孩子参加一个接一个的活动
61. try to do sth. 尽量干某事；try doing sth. 试着干某事
62. be under too much pressure 压力太大
63. a mother of three 三个孩子的妈妈
64. take part in after-school clubs 参加课后俱乐部
65. compepition starts from a very young age竞争从很小年纪就开始了
66. compare … with和……比较
67. organized activities 有组织的活动
本单元目标句型：
1. What's wrong (with you)?/ What's the matter?
2. What should I do? 我该怎么办？
3. You could write him a letter. 你可以给他写封信。
You should say sorry to him. 你应该给他道歉。
4. They shouldn't argue. 他们不应该争吵。
5. Why don't you talk to him about it?
= Why not talk to him about it? = You should/
could talk to him about it.
= What/ How about talking to him about it. =
You'd better talk to him about it.
6. The parents try to fit as much as possible into
their kids lives.
7. Activities include sports, language learning,
music and math classes.
Thirty people, including six children (six
children included), went to visit the factory.
8. People shouldn't push their children so hard.
9. Parents are trying to plan their kids' lives
for them. When these kids are adults,
they might find t difficult to plan things for
themselves.
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
1. in front of 在……的前面（外部），in the front of
在……的前面（内部）
2. in the library 在图书馆
3. get out of/ get into 出……之外/进入
4. sleep late 睡懒觉；sleep well 睡得好；get to sleep =
fall asleep 睡着
5. walk down/ along 沿……走
6. take off (飞机)起飞；脱下（衣帽）
7. on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上
注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用on）
8. in the tree 在树上；on the tree 在树上
9. take photos 照相
10. at the train station 在火车站
11. run away 跑开，逃跑
12. as + adj. 原形as 和……一样……
例如：She is (not) as beautiful as her sister. I can
run as fast as he (him)
13. buy/ draw/ make sth. for sb. 为某人买/画/制作
14. walk home 走回家
15. in history 在历史上
16. for example 例如
17. in the city of 在……市
18. on the playground 在操场上
19. ten minutes ago 十分钟前
20. take place 发生（强调必然性）
21. happen to sth./ sb. 发生（强调偶然性）
例如：What has happened to you? = What's the matter
with you? = What's wrong with you?
22. of course = sure = certainly 当然
23. all over the world = around the world 遍及全世界
24. outside/ inside the station 在车站外/内
25. next to 相邻，紧贴
26. close to 接近于；在附近
27. be ill in hospital/ bed 生病住院/卧床
28. hear about/ of 听说（间接听到）
29. in silence 沉默不语；keep silent 保持沉默
30. an unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历
31. have fun doing sth. 干某事有乐趣；have difficult time
doing sth. 干某事有困难
32. have meaning to 对……有意义
33. become the first Chinese astronaut in space成为中国第一个太空宇航员
34. a national hero 一个民族英雄
35. be famous all over the world 全世界出名
36. for the first time 第一次
本单元目标句型:
What were you doing when I arrived/ at that
time/ at 8:00 last night/ from 9:00
to 10:00 yesterday?
1. I was doing sth. when + 一般过去时的时间状语从句……
2. How about … = What about …?
3. While sth./ sb. was doing sth., I was doing
sth. ….
4. 当不明飞行物着陆时，你正在干啥？What were you doing when the
UFO landed?
5. 当妈妈正在做饭时，我在看电视。While my mother was cooking, I was watching TV.
6. I was walking down the street when a UFO landed
right in front of me.
7. You can image how strange it was.
8. I followed to see where it was going.
9. Isn't that amazing!
10. She didn't thinking about looking outside the station.
11. I was so tired this morning. It was difficult to get out of the bed.
12. Liu Xiang won the gold medal at the 2004
Olympics.
13. Beijng was made host to the 2008 Olympics.
14. People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history.
15. This was one of the most important events in modern American history.
16. Even the most everyday activities can seem important.
17. Our teacher asked us to stop what we were doing and listen.
18. However, in more recent times, most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade Center in New York was destroyed by terrorists.
19. Not all events in history are as terrible as this, of course.
20. His flight around the Earth lasted about 22 hours.
本单元语法讲解
过去进行时（Past Progressive Tense）
句型S + was/ were + V-ing …
例1：She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday
evening 昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。
例2：We were having supper at that time 那个时候我们正在吃晚饭
解说：如例1所示，在单句中使用过去进行时来表达时必须把该动作正在进行中的时间表明清楚，否则就不合逻辑了。例如：I
was taking a bath yesterday. （错）
（昨天我正在洗澡——昨天24小时都正在洗澡吗？）
所以本句应该如例1来表达，或者用一般过去时表达如下：
I took a bath yesterday. 昨天我洗了澡
如果由上下文的文意，或者对谈中的话意可以了解“动作正在进行中的时间”，单句里就使用过去进行时来表达是很普通的，例如：
A：I called you up yesterday evening.
B：Did you? At what time?
A：At around ten o'clock. 大约在十点钟。
B：Oh, I was taking a bath then. 哦，当时我正在洗澡。
过去进行时在表达上常用的句式是如例2所示和另一个一般过去时的动作相搭配。请观察下面的图解说明：过去有二动作A和B（如图示），在B动作发生时稍早发生的A动作正好在进行中，所以这种表达法通常都是复句（主句
+ 副词从句）。例如：
When I got up this morning, Mother was
preparing breakfast in the kitchen.
(今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。“Mother ….”是主句，“when
…，”是副词从句。)
常用于修饰过去进行时的时间副词：过去的某一定点时刻（at + 过去的时刻），then (=
at that time) (那时，当时)，all + 时间，“When …/ While …/
As …”等副词从句，etc
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
1. every Saturday 每周六
2. first of all 首先
3. both … and … 两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）
4. neither ….nor 两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）
5. most of … 绝大多数
6. an exciting week 令人兴奋的一周
7. agree on something 同意某人的计划；对……取得一致意见
8. agree to do sth. 答应/同意做……
9. pass on (to) 传递
10. be supposed to do sth. 被期望或被要求做……
11. be mad at … 对……疯狂/生气
12. do better in = be better at 在……方面做得更好
13. be in good health 身体健康
14. report card 成绩单
15. sound/ feel/ smell/ taste/ look 是连系动词，一般只能跟adj. 做表语
16. sound like/ feel like/ smell like/ taste like/
look like 听起来像……/感觉像……/闻起来像……/尝起来像……/看起来像…… + sb.sth.
17. get … over 克服；恢复；原谅
18. open up 打开/展开/开发/揭露
19. care for 照料；照顾；意愿；计较
20. have a (surprise) party for sb. 为某人举行一次（惊喜)聚会
21. end-of-year exam = final exam 期末考试
22. not … anymore 不再
23. do a home project 做作业
24. be surprised/ happy/ excited to do sth. 做某事感到惊讶、高兴、激动
25. be/ get nervous 感到紧张
26. have a very hard time with … 在……日子不好过
27. an disappointing result 令人失望的结果
28. take/ leave a message 捎（留）个口信
29. have a big fight
30. it is a good idea for sb. to do sth.
31. to teach in China's rural areas
32. feel lucky
33. people who need help 需要帮助的人
34. something we can do for them我们能为他们做的事
35. there is no difference between … and …在……和……之间没有区别
36. Groups and the work they do
Groups The work they do
Greenpeace Cares for“Mother Earth”
Doctors Without Borders Helps sick people in
poor countries
UNICEF Helps children in poor countries
WWF Cares for wild animals in danger
37. the Hope Project 希望工程
38. fortunately
本单元目标句型：
转述他人话语: What did sb. say? He said I …. She said
she …. They said ….
1. 许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie
could speak three languages.
2. 许老师说地球绕着太阳转。Mr. Xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun.
3. 许老师告诉我他将去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day.
4. 许老师说欧洋正在做作业Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time.
5. 许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working.
6. 在英语上，与听相比，我更擅长于读。In English, I'm better at reading than listening.
7. 情况怎样？How's it going?
8. 她不想再当我最好的朋友了。She didn't want to be my best friend anymore.
9. I said it would start a bad habit, and that she would do her own work.
10. That's about all the news I have now. Mum and Dad send their love.
11. She said helping others changed her life.
12. Teaching high school students in a poor
mountain village in Gansu Province may not like fun to you.
13. The Peking University graduate first went there as an volunteer on a one-year program.
14. Life in the mountains was a new experience for Lang Lei. Her village was 2,000 metere above the sea level, and at first the thin air made her feel sick.
15. Young people today need to experience different things
16. Some of the students may not be able to go to senior high school or collage.
17. I can open up my students' eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.
18. She said she likes being a good influence in the children's lives.
19. She now works as a math teacher at a high school in the city of Pingliang, Gansu Province.
20. You are at B's house working on a homework project.
21. You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it, but A didn't
come to the bus stop.
22. A calls you with a message for C. Pass on message, and then give C's answer to A.
23. What are some things that happen on soap
operas?
本单元语法讲解
直接引语和间接引语
（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked
等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变。
一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。例如：
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his
homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his
homework.
2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。如：
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”→She asked
Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.” →He said that
those books were his.
（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
1. 陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由that引导，可以省略。
“I want the blue one.”he told us.“我想要兰色的。”他说。
→He told us that he wanted the blue one.
他说他想要兰色的。
She said to me,“You can't do anything
now.”她对我说：“此刻你无法做任何事情。”
→She told me that I couldn't do anything then.
她对我说那时我无法做任何事。
2. 疑问句的间接引语
直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用
ask, wonder, want to know 等间接疑问句一般有三种：
(1) 一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether 或if 引导。如：
“Has he ever worked in Shanghai?”Jim
asked.“他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问。
→Jim asked whether/ if he had ever worked in
Shanghai. 吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。
“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?”The
old man asked.
那个老人问："你能告诉我去医院的路吗？
→The old man asked whether I could tell him the
way to the hospital.
那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。
(2) 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。如：
“Which room do you live in?”He asked.
“你住哪个房间？”他问我。
→He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。
“What do you think of the film?”She asked.
她问：“你怎么看这部电影？”
→She asked her friend what she thought of the
film. 她问她朋友怎么看这部电影。
(3) 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/ if … or 引导。如：
“Is it your bike or Tom's?”Mum asked.
妈妈问：“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？”
→Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom's.
妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。
“Do es your sister like blue dresses or green
ones?”Kate asked.
“你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的？”凯特问。
→Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue
dresses or green ones.
凯特问我妹妹喜欢兰色裙子还是绿色的。
3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell, ask, order, beg, request, order 等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。如：Jack said,“Please come to my house tomorrow,
Mary.”杰克说：“玛丽，明天请到我家来。”
→Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day.
杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。
The teacher said to the students,“Stop
talking.”老师对学生们说：“不要讲话了。”
→The teacher told the students to stop talking.
老师让学生们不要说话了。
“Don't touch anything.”He said. “不要碰任何东西。”他说。
→He told us not to touch anything. 他对我们说不要碰任何东西。
4. 动词时态和代词等的变动
(1) 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则：
直接引语间接引语
today — that day
now — then, at that moment
yesterday — the day before
the day before yesterday — two days before
tomorrow — the next day/ the following day
the day after tomorrow — two days after, / in two
days
next week/ month etc. — the next week/ month etc
last week/ month etc. — the week/ month etc.
before
here — there
this — that
these — those
come — go
bring — take
(2)
如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下：
现在时间推移到过去的时间(注意:如果直接引语是表示客观规律的，那么时态仍然用一般现在时。
一般现在时→一般过去时
现在进行时→过去进行时
一般将来时→过去将来时
现在完成时→过去完成时
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a
great time!
1. at the party 在晚会上
2. ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事
3. stay at home 呆在家
4. half the class/ students 一半学生
5. get injured 受伤
6. have a great time = have a wonderful/ good time
玩得高兴
7. take … away 运走，取走；put away 收起来，放好
8. all the time = always 一直，始终
9. make a living (by doing sth.) 谋生
10. in order to do sth. … 为了做某事
11. have a party 举行聚会
12. go to college 上大学
13. be famous for … 因……而著称；be famous as … 作为……而出名
14. make money = earn money 挣钱
15. in fact 事实上
16. laugh at … 嘲笑
17. too much 太多(修饰不可数名词) too many 太多(修饰可数名词复数)
much too + 形容词/副词太……
18. get exercise 锻炼。注意：exercise
当“锻炼”是不可数名词；而当“操”“练习”是可数名词
19. travel around the world 周游世界
20. work hard 努力工作
21. wear jeans 穿牛仔裤
22. let … in 允许……进入，嵌入keep … out不允许……进入
23. get an education 获得教育
24. take … away 拿开，拿走
25. study for the test 准备考试
26. make some food 准备食物；make dumplings 做水饺；make
the bed 整理床铺
27. half the class 一半的学生
28. the rules for school parties 学校派对的规则
29. children's hospital 儿童医院
30. join the Lions 加入狮队
31. give money to schools and charities 给学校和慈善组织捐钱
32. become a professional soccer player
成为一个职业的足球运动员
33. organize the games for the class party
为班级派对准备游戏
34. play sports for a living 靠体育运动为生
本单元目标句型：
1. If you do, you'll ….
2. I'm going to ….
3.
You should ….
4. Don't you want to …?
5. Don't you think …?
①如果李老师去参加晚会，我们将会玩得非常高兴。
If Ms Li goes to the party, we'll have a great
time.
②如果你穿牛仔裤去晚会，李老师将不会让你进入。
If you wear jeans to the party, Ms Li won't let
you in.
6. For many young people, becoming a professional
athlete might seem like a dream job.
7. If you become a professional athlete, you will
be able to make a living doing something you love.
8. However, professional athletes can also have
many problems.
9. If you are famous, people will watch you all
the time and follow you everywhere.
This can make life difficult.
10. If you become rich, you will have a difficult
time knowing who your real friends are.
11. In fact, many famous people complain that they
are not happy.
本单元语法讲解
if 引导的条件状语从句。If 是连词，所连接的句子叫条件状语
从句，表示假设或条件，意思是“ 如果……的话”，用法如下：
1. 表示假设，表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。句子结构如下：If + 句子(一般现在时)，+ 主句（主语will/ may/ can) + 动词）
a. If you finish your homework , you can go out
and play.
b. If I have enough money next year , I will go
to travel.
2. 表示真实条件、客观真理、自然现象、定理定义、民间谚语等，句型是：
If + 句子(一般现在时)，+ 主句(一般现在时). 例：
If you study hard, you are sure to succeed.
If you put ice in a warm place, it turns into
water.
If a glass falls on the floor, it usually
breaks.
If you cook a banana, it becomes very soft.
If a plant don't get enough light, it grows
very tall and thin.
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
1. raise money for 筹钱
2. collect stamps 集邮
3. run out of … 用尽
4. by the way 顺便说一下
5. on the way to …在……的路上
6. be interested in 对……感兴趣
7. more than = over 超过
8. fly kites 放风筝
9. start class 开始上课
10. start a snow globe collector's club
开办雪球仪收集者俱乐部
11. the most common (unusual, interesting) hobby
最普通的爱好
12. listen to music videos 听音乐碟片
13. organize a talent show to raise money for
charity 为慈善机构捐钱而举办的才艺展示
14. extra English lessons 额外的英语课
15. have problems with the language 语言方面有问题
16. the capital of Heilongjiang Province 黑龙江的省会
17. an interesting city with a colorful history
一个有着丰富多彩历史文化的有趣的城市
18. three and a half years = three years and a
half 三年半
19. a pair of skates/ shoes/ glasses/ trousers/
jeans
一双滑冰鞋/一双鞋/一副眼镜/一条裤子/牛仔裤
How much is a pair of skates/ shoes/ glasses/
trousers/ jeans?
= How much does a(this) pair of skates/ shoes/
glasses/ trousers/ jeans cost?
How much are the skates/ shoes/ glasses/
trousers/ jeans?
= How much do the skates/ shoes/ glasses/
trousers/ jeans cost?
本单元目标句型：
1. How long have you been skating? 你滑冰有多长时间了？
2. I've been skating since nine o'clock/ since I
was four years old.
我从九点一直滑到现在/我从四岁一直滑到现在。
3. I've been skating for five hours. 我一直滑了五小时。
4. The more I learn about Chinese history, the
more I enjoy living in China.
我对中国的历史了解得越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。
5. Was this your first skating marathon? No, I
skated in a marathon last year.
6. When did you get your first pair of skates?
7. Alison was the first one to start and has been
skating for the whole five hours.
Alison 是第一个开始并且已经滑了整整5个小时。
8. I'm talking to you from the Hilltop School
Skating Marathon.
9. For every hour they skate, each student raises
ten yuan for charity.
每滑一个小时，每位学生可为慈善事业筹集10元钱。
10. Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the
monster.
In fact I think it's probably my favorite.
谢谢你送我的怪物雪球仪。事实上，我想它可能是我的最爱。
11. My mom says I have to stop, because we've run
out of room to store them.
妈妈说我必须停止了，因为我们已经没有地方来存放他们了。
12. The first one I ever got was a birthday cake
snow globe on my twelfth birthday.
我得到的第一个雪球仪是我十二岁生日得到的生日蛋糕雪球仪。
13. I particularly love globes with animals. If
you know anyone else who collects them,
please tell me.
我特别喜欢动物雪球仪。如果你知道其他人收集他们的话，请告诉我们。
14. By the way, what's your hobby?
15. I'm interested in the job as a writer.
16. The school newspaper needs a writer. We will
give you different topics to choose from.
To get the job, please answer these four
questions.
校报需要一个撰稿人。我们会给你一些不同的话题来选择。要得到这份工作，请回答这样四个问题。
17. How many Chinese dynasties can you think of?
你能想起多少中国朝代？
18. Can you think of famous characters from the
history of other countries? Make a list.
从其他国家历史中，你能记起一些著名人物吗？列个表。
19. In fact, the first Jews probably came to
Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago and
were welcomed by the Song Emperor.
事实上，第一批犹太人可能在一千多年前就来到开封而且受到宋朝皇帝的欢迎。
20. There is some European influence in the city,
and some of the old buildings in Harbin
are in Russian style.
这个城市有欧洲文化的影响，而且哈尔滨的一些老建筑还是俄罗斯风格的。
21. For a foreigner like me, the more I learn
about Chinese culture, the more I enjoy
living in China.
对于一个像我一样的外国人来说，我对中国文化了解越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。
22. And although I live quite far from Beijing,
I'm certain I will be here for the Olympic
Games in 2008.
尽管我住得离北京很远，但我相信2008年奥运会我一定在这儿。
本单元语法讲解
现在完成进行时：表示从过去某时开始到现在这一段时间里一直在延续的动作。
现在完成进行式结构：have / has +been+ doing
1. I have been writing the letter since
then.从那时起我一直在写这封信。（动作从过去一直持续到现在还在继续）
2. I have been collecting stamps for ten years.
自从10年前我就收集邮票了（动作从过去一直现在还在收集）。
3. How long have you been living here?
你在这儿已经住了多长时间了。（“居住”动作从过去一直现在还在继续）
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别：
1. 现在完成进行时比现在完成时更强调动作的延续性；
2. 如果没有时间强调，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，现在完成时则表示动作已经结束，
3. 现在完成进行时一般不适用于表状态的动词，而现在完成时则可。
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
1. turn … down/ turn … up 关小声/调大声音（电器）
2. turn … on/ turn … off 打开/关闭（电器）
3. move the bike 移动自行车
4. in a minute/ right away/ in no time 立刻；马上
5. be late for school/ class = arrive late for
school 上学/上课迟到
6. wait in line = stand in line 排队等候
7. cut in line = jump a queue 插队
8. get mad/ annoyed 变得生气
9. happen to sb. 发生在……身上
10. half an hour 半小时
11. at first 首先
12. at last = in the end = finally 最后
13. allow sb. to do / not to do sth. 允许某人做/不做某事
14. be allowed to do / not to do sth.
某人不被允许某人做/不做某事
15. in public 当众地；公开地；公然地
16. in public places 在公共场所
17. break the rule 不遵守规则
18. pick … up 捡起
19. put … out 熄灭
20. drop litter 扔垃圾
21. keep the voice down 控制声音
22. do the dishes
23. put on another pair of jeans
24. be at a meeting
25. help me in the kitchen
26. make some posters
27. clothing store
28. foll ow … around
29. want to be polite
30. stand in the subway door
初中英语语法大全
初中英语语法大全 名词 一名词的定义：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类： 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 注意 专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意 物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 （三）名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式： 1.单数 英语中，如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数
形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange （×）→ a new orange （○） 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk （×）→ an old desk （○） 一张旧课桌 关键字：初中英语语法大全初中英语语法总结初中英语语法辅导英语语法大全名词复数名词所有格复数冠词抽象名词 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。 注意 有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不是看名词。 2.复数
八年级下册英语语法知识点
1、Smell的用法smell作系动词后面跟形容词作表语例子：Themilkintheabitsour.瓶里的牛奶闻起来有点酸 2、What引导感叹句句型：what[a/an]+形容词+名词/名词性短语+主语+谓语 3、youlike....Wouldlike意为想要可以直接跟宾语Wouldyoulike....意为：你想要.....吗？回答为yes.../no...例子：Wouldyoulikesomenoodles 4、Try的用法作名词意为：努力，尝试。常用短语haveatry：试试看try还可以做动词意为：尝试，努力。常用结构：trydoingsth(尽力去做某事）/trytodosth（尝试去做某事） 5、Hearfromsb的用法意为：收到某人的来信相当于get/receivealetterformsb.注意：hearfrom 的宾语是人，而get与receive的宾语是事物 6、Can’twaittodosth.的用法Can’twaittodosth意为：迫不及待做某事列子：Summerholidayiscoming.Childrencan’twaittogobackhome.暑假快到了，孩子们都迫不及待地回家了。 7、With具有；带有(1)with作介词，意为：具有；带有列子：Idreamofabighousewithanicegarden 我梦想拥有一个带花园的大房子(2)with+宾语+宾语补足语表示方式或伴随情况。宾语补足语由形容词、分词或介词短语来充当。列子：Helefttheroomwiththedooropen 他没关门就离开了房间。 8、Spend的用法(1)spendtime／moneyonsth.在……上花费时间(金钱).例子：Ispenttwohoursonthismathsproblem.这道数学题花了我两个小时.(2)spendtime／money(in)doingsth.花费时间(金钱)做某事.例子：Theyspenttwoyears(in)buildingthisbridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间.(3)spendmoneyforsth.花钱买…….(某物)例子：Hismoneywasspentforbooks.他的钱用来买书了. 9、Beproudof.....意为为...而感到骄傲无论什么情况都不用主格，因为是做介词of的宾语，只能用宾格。如果主语和of后的词指代的是同一个人，就可以用反身代词，如：I'mproudofmyself.Youareproudofyourself.Heisproudofhimself.如果主语和of后的词指代的不是同一个人，不可用反身代词。如：I'mproudofyou.Youareproudofhim. 感官系动词感官系动词主要有feellooksmellsoundtaste。作为系动词这些词本身含有词义，但不能单独作为谓语，后面必须跟形容词构成表系结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等 10、Whatdo/doessb.looklike的用法Whatdo/doessb.looklike某人长什么样常用来形容外貌拓展：whatis/aresb.Like的用法whatis/aresb.Like意为某人怎么样？常用来形容性格 11、Close的用法close意为靠近；接近（1）close可作为副词列子：Wesatclosetogether.我们紧挨着坐在一起（2）close作形容词表示空间、时间上的接近相当于never。句型；becloseto意为：离....很近（3）close可作为动词意为：关闭反义词：open 12、While的用法while意为：当....的时候(1)while作连词引导时间状语从句，强调句中的动作与主句中的动作同时发生，但持续时间较长或主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生。(2)while还可以用来表示对比，连接两个并列句子，对比某两件事物。 13、When的用法when引导的时间状语从句when意为：当(在)......的时候既可以连接一个时间点，又可以连接一个时间段。When引导的从句中的谓语多用终止性(瞬间)动词，主从句的动作可以同时发生也可以有先后顺序发生。列子：WhenIgotback,Ifoundmymothercookingforme.当我回家时，我发现妈妈正在为我做饭。 现在完成时的重点和难点 一、现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”
初中英语语法知识总结
英语作文常用谚语、俗语 1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A mother's love never changes. 母爱永恒。
高中英语语法最重要知识汇总
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
初中英语语法总结(完整)
英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class.
我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了（工作）。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底，他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。
初中英语语法知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
初二英语语法知识点总结
初二英语语法知识点总结 英语是世界上普遍使用的语言,下面是由学习啦小编分享的初二英语语法知识点总结，希望对你有用。 初二英语语法知识点总结：重点短语 1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. either…or…或者……或者……，不是……就是…… 3. neither…nor…既不……也不…… 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶 5. take a seat 就坐 6. home cooking 家常做法 7. be famous for 因……而著名 8. on ones way to在……途中 9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院 10. at the end of在……的尽头，在……的末尾 11. wait for 等待 12. in time 及时 13. make one’s way to…往……(艰难地)走去 14. just then 正在那时 15. first of all 首先，第一 16. go wrong 走错路 17. be/get lost 迷路 18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗 19. get on 上车 20. get off 下车 21. stand in line 站队 22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室 23. at the head of……在……的前头 24. laugh at 嘲笑 25. throw about 乱丢，抛散
26. in fact 实际上 27. at midnight 在半夜 28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快 29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架 30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温 31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛 32. have a headache 头痛 33. as soon as…一……就…… 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事 35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事 36. fall asleep 入睡 37. again and again再三地，反复地 38. wake up 醒来，叫醒 39. instead of 代替 40. look over 检查 41. take exercise运动 42. had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要)干某事 43. at the weekend 在周末 44. on time 按时 45. out of从……向外 46. all by oneself 独立，单独 47. lots of=a lot of 许多 48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再 49. get back 回来，取回
(完整版)人教版初中英语语法和知识点总结以及练习题
初一至初三全程英语知识点总结及练习 初一年级(上) 【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 1. Sit down 2. on duty 3. in English 4. have a seat 5. at home 6. look like 7. look at 8. have a look 9. come on 10. at work 11. at school 12. put on 13. look after 14. get up 15. go shopping II. 重要句型 1. help sb. do sth. 2. What about ?? 3. Let's do sth. 4. It's time to do sth. 5. It's time for ? 6. What's ?? It is ?/ It's ? 7. Where is ?? It's ?. 8. How old are you? I'm ?. 9. What class are you in? I'm in ?. 10. Welcome to ?. 【名师讲解】 1.in/on 在表示空间位置时， in 表示在某个空间 的范围以内， 例如： There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。 2. this/that/these/those (1) this 常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话 人的人和事， 时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的 人和事， look in that one over there. 11. What's ?plus ?? It's ?. 12. I think ? 13. Who's this? This is ?. 14. What can you see ？ I can see ?. 15. There is (are) ?. 16. What color is it (are they)? It's (They're) ? 17. Whose ?is this? It's ?. 18. What time is it? It's ?. III. 交际用语 1. Good morning, Miss/Mr ?. 2. Hello! Hi! 3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. 4. How are you? I'm fine, thank you/thanks. And you? 5. See you. See you later. 6. Thank you! You're welcome. 7. Goodbye! Bye! 8. What's your name? My name is ?. 9. Here you are. This way, please. 10. Who's on duty today? 11. Let's do. 12. Let me see. IV. 重要语法 those 时 that 的复数形式。 你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒 子。 on 表示在某一个物体的表面之上。 There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。 these 是 this 的复数形式。 that 常常用来指在 例如： You look in this box and I'll
(完整版)人教版高中英语必修一语法知识点总结
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受 get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上 9. join in 参加（某个活动）； take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受 12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心 14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于… 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是… 17. no longer / not …any longer 不再… 18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.） much too 太…(后接adj.) 19. not…until 直到…才 20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。
初中英语语法总结(完整)
初中英语语法总结(完整) 【注】 构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下一般完成进行完成进行现在现在一般时do现在完成时have done现在进行时is doing现在完成进行时have been doing过去过去一般时did过去完成时had done过去进行时was doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来将来一般时will do将来完成时will have done将来进行时will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来一般时would do过去将来完成时would have done过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成进行时would have been doing英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。 要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。
1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。H e usually goes to work at7 o’clock every morning、他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。W e are having English class、我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。T hey have lived in Beijing for five years、他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4、一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot、他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5、过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。B eijing was hosting the29th Olympic Games in August全文结束》》、在xx年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。
人教版八年级英语下册重要语法知识点汇总复习课程
人教版八年级英语下册重要语法知识点汇总 人教版八年级英语下册重要语法知识点汇总 1. 否定句型 1) 一般否定句 I don't know this. No news is good news. There is no person (smoke)/not a person/not any person (smoke) in the house. 2)特指否定 He went to his office, not to see him. I am sorry for not coming on time. I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right. 3)部分否定 All the answers are not right//All is not gold that glitters I don't know all of them.//I can't see everybody/everything. Both of them are not right. 4)全体否定 None of my friends smoke.//I can see nothing/nobody. Neither of them is right.//Nothing can be so simple as this. 5) 延续否定 You didn't see him, neither/nor did I. You don't know, I don't know either. He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of (更不用说) French. 6) 半否定句 We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing. I know little English. I saw few people. 7) 双重否定 You can't make something out of nothing.//What's done cannot be undone. There is no sweet without sweat.//No gain without pains. I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.
初中英语语法大全汇总
初中英语语法大全汇总 （一） 一.词类(Parts of Speech) 名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词boy,clock,book等 冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a(an),the 代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词we,that,his,what 形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 例词old,red,fine,good. 数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词one,thirteen first 动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词sit,go,be(am,is,are) 副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词not too,here,very 介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词in,on,of,to,under. 连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词and,or,but. 感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词oh,hello,hi,er. 二.名词(Nouns) 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 Lucy China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们family 家庭army 军队government 政府group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如: an apple two apples a car some cars 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 sand 沙sugar 糖 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。 The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。 书包在桌子里边。 I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。 昨天我洗了我的衣服。
高中英语语法知识之It的用法总结
高考英语语法知识之It 的用法总结 1．It is + 被强调部分+ that ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。 如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. 2．It was not until + 被强调部分+ that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是not ... until ... 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 3．It is clear ( obvious, true, possible,certain....) that ..... 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ... 由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. It is said (reported, learned....) that ... 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。It is said that he has come to Beijing. 6. It is suggested ( ordered ... ) that ... 主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为＂据建议；有命令．． It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill. 8. It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟．②有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂。 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 该句型中的that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that 可以省去；it有时用this / that 替换．常译为＂这是某人第几次做某事了＂。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 10 It is the +形容词最高级+ 名词+ that + ….. 该句型中的that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that 可以省去；it有时用this / that 替换．常译为＂这是某人做过的最…的事情＂。 This is the best film that I have ever seen . That was the worst song that he had heard . 11. It is .... since ...
高中英语语法知识点总结
高中英语语法知识点总结 一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解 1、The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains、 A、 which was B、 it was C、 which were D、 them were 【陷阱】 容易误选A或B，将 A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】 最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops、 A、 which is B、 it is
C、 which are D、 them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are 2、 A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A、 that B、 which C、 where D、 what
- 最新人教版八年级下册英语所有语法全汇总
- (完整)八年级下外研版下册英语语法
- 人教版八年级下册英语语法解析知识重点总结
- 八年级下册英语语法专项练习
- 人教版八年级下册英语语法全
- 人教版八年级英语下册单元语法归纳及练习全套
- 八年级下册英语语法知识点
- 八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结
- 八年级下册英语语法
- 八年级下册英语语法总结
- 八年级下册英语语法
- 八年级下学期英语语法
- 人教版八年级英语下册各单元语法点汇总
- 新人教版｜八年级下册英语所有语法全汇总doc资料
- 最新八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结
- 八年级下册英语语法总结
- 最新八年级下册英语语法练习
- 最新八年级下册英语语法考试知识点总结
- 深圳八年级下册英语语法考点及答案
- 新人教版｜八年级下册英语所有语法全汇总