雅思环境环保话题词汇

环保1.提高燃油价格与环境问题的关系

词汇必备：

contaminative 污染的environmentalism 环境保护论，环境论garbage 垃圾，废弃物gasoline 汽油

petrol 汽油

pollution 污染；玷污poisonous 有毒的a nation’s macro economy 国家宏观经济air quality improvement 改善空气质量arouse/raise people’s environmental consciousness提高人们的环保意识biodegradable materials 生物降解材料exhaust emission 排放尾气

car exhaust/emission 汽车尾气

carbon dioxide 二氧化碳

combat air pollution 与空气污染作斗争conserve energy 保护能源

domestic pollution 国内污染Endangered eco-system 被破坏的生态系统emission control 尾气排放控制energy crisis 能源危机

energy efficiency 节能environmental concern 对环境的关注度environmental degradation/deterioration 环境恶化

environmental issues 环境问题environmental-friendly products

环保产品

environmentalist organizations 环保组织global warming 全球变暖

green consumers 环保消费者greenhouse effect 温室效应

greenhouse gas 温室气体

impose taxes on gasoline 提高汽油税industrial pollution 工业污染

natural gas 天然气

non-renewable resources 不可再生资源policy makers 决策者，制定政策者pollutant/contaminant 污染物pollute/contaminate 污染pose threat to the environment 威胁环境sustainable development 可持续性发展release/discharge pollutants into the environment 向环境排放污染物

toxic chemical substances

有害的化学物质

hail/cheer high gas prices 欢迎燃油加价

动物实验animal experiments

被绳之以法be brought to justice

动物权益保护主义者animal rights activists

医学研究medical research

残忍的cruel/merciless/inhuman/callous/brutal(adjs) 活体揭破vivisection

麻醉anaesthetic(BrE,n)

减轻动物的痛苦alleviate/ease(vts) animals’ pain

宠物是主人的伙伴pets are conpanions of their masters

给主人心理安慰afford their masters consolation and comfort(n)

偷猎poach(vi,vt)/poaching(n)

某一种事物是没有替代物的there are no replacements/substitutes/alternatives(单数去s) for

sth

认为动物和人类相同的感官的观点(n) anthropomorphism

濒危动物endangered species

真题：The best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

开头段：

提供背景知识

环境问题已日渐成为全球各政府和公民共同关注的焦点。从北京到纽约，从东京到伦敦，解决这一老问题的新办法在不断的以更快的速度（with an ever increasing speed）被提出（propose）、实验、实行（implement）。今天，越来越多的人充分相信提高燃油价格将是解决这一问题的最好办法。就我个人观点而言，这种方法离理想还差得远。

对比两种观点

大家公认为交通和环境问题正在不断激烈（in severity）增长。很多人相信解决这一问题的最好政策就是提高汽油价格。然而另一些人，坚持认为通过提高油价解决（combat）这一问题是不明智的。在我看来，两种观点似乎都合理（reasonable）。在我的论文中，我将详细说明（expound）我的观点。

不同意：

一个最明显的原因是：大量的企业（enterprise）和个体非常依赖汽油，他们会很少或者根本不注意汽油的价格，因为他们要创造财富，尤其，当企业给他们带来的收入和利润同油价一样也在增长的时候，甚至有的时候长得比油价更快。另外，即使增加油价在一定程度上对于限制汽油使用上有效，，事实上，汽油的消费，在造成现在环境问题方面，顶多只有一半责任。剩下的很大一部分因素是由于人口在增长，以大量物种正在灭绝，地球上的空气和水日益被污染这一事实。

让步：

我承认增加燃油价格在一定程度上能够解决问题。这是因为，油价变高了，用油的人可能变少了，汽车使用数量也可能下降。然而，要解决交通问题，不仅油价需要提高，还要采取一些其他的措施，比如说改善（ameliorate）公共交通可能要纳入考虑的范畴。（take into consideration）。

结尾段：

虽然提高油价对于保护环境有一定的帮助，但是，要完全解决环境问题必须采取一些其他的有效措施。二．我们如何看待“垃圾社会”问题

真题：Many people believe that we have developed into a “throw-away society” because we are filling up the environment with so many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot properly dispose of. To what extent do you agree with this opinion and what measures can you recommend reducing this problem?

开头段：

套句法：

在今天的社会，存在这一种广泛传播的趋势：一大批国家正走向一个所谓的垃圾社会，也就是被各种各样我们无法有效处理的垃圾覆盖。这种趋势不仅在发达的工业国家可以找到，在发展中国家，甚至更穷的国家也有。

现象法：

认为我们已经真正变成了一个被各种各样的没有恰当处理的垃圾填充的“垃圾社会”。

原因：

有很多原因导致这一状况。最显著的是人们缺乏保护环境的意识（consciousness），他们在使用各种产品如塑料袋前、在导致无数垃圾之前从来没有三思而后行。另外一个原因是人口增长导致人们对物质需求的加大，这必定会导致垃圾增多。

措施：

另外，在环保问题上有些好消息。例如，官方（authorities）已经开始朝可持续发展环境的方向努力。有些法律正在被介绍给政府，来惩治那些破坏自然环境的个人和集体。显然要处理这一问题并不简单，因为垃圾不可能自动、直接消失（vanish），尤其是我们有意（intentionally）无意地（accidentally）在增加垃圾。不过历史证明人类展示了一种战胜任何困难和挑战的能力，比如说瘟疫（plague）、饥饿等。科学家，正在努力发明和创新（innovate），他们带来了新的、某一天可以取代不能降解的（non-biodegraded）塑料。另外，一些新的机器也已经发明，可以很大程度上改变这一现状（on a large scale）。

结尾段：

由于人们对消费品需求的增长和对环境问题的慢反应，垃圾处理的问题显然是存在的。要解决这个问题，需要政府采取行动，同时科技也要取得进步。

阅读材料：Water resources around the world are falling dificient. Analyse the possible reasons and provide your suggestions.

Access to water is vital to every living creature on the planet. Despite the fact that approximately two thirds of the earth surface is covered with all forms of water bodies, countries worldwide are faced with different levels of water shortages. Some reasons can be cited to explain the emergence of this problem.

A trigger for a water crisis is people’s lack of knowledge of the value of water. Given the ready availability of water in many countries, people tend to believe that the reserve of water in the world is infinite. Notwithstanding the increased expenditure on water supply, water is perceived as a cheap commodity by many families. Many people see water as a perpetual resource. For this reason, the uncontrolled use of water is commonplace, accelerating the exhaustion of this valuable resource.

Rapid population growth is another force contributing to the water crisis. Not only does it reduce the amount of water available for manufacture, farming and households, but also has a profound effect on the sustainability of water-related ecosystems. Many water resources are not refilled before being re-used and depleted.

Human-induced pollution is worthy of concern as well, a factor regarded by many as the root cause of the rapid loss of drinkable water. The untreated discharge of various pollutants such as heavy metals, oils and solids in water bodies is believed to have severe impacts. Industrialization, meanwhile, results in abnormal climate and biological destruction. While some areas have become dry, other areas are hit by floods.

As noted above, the steady loss of water attributes to inappropriate usage, population growth and pollution. In order to tackle with the above-mentioned problems, one can adapt various approaches, besides the existing strategies, such as restoration of ecosystems. New technologies can help ease water shortages, by tackling pollution and making used water recyclable. In agriculture, water use can be made far more efficient by introducing new farming techniques. Drought-resistant plants can help cut the amount of water needed.

作业：Some people believe that air travel should be restricted because it causes serious pollution and will use up the world’s resources. Do you agree or disagree?

Traffic

常见题目

1.Nowadays, traffic jam becomes a major problem in many countries all over the world. What are the

causes and how can it be solved?

2.In many countries, traffic is increasing at an alarming rate. What problems it may cause? Give your

advices about how to solve the problem.

3. Air travel has become a cheaper form of transport. Some people think it is a positive development but others think it is not. Discuss.

4. Many people using their cars for everyday use causes a lot of problems. What are the problems and how can we solve them? Should people be discouraged to use cars?

核心词汇短语

1. automobile industry 汽车工业

2．pillar industry 支柱产业

3. boost/stimulate the economic development 促进经济发展

4. levy/impose the tax 征税

5. modernization 现代化

6. be viewed as … 被视为是…

7. be concerned about … 对…担忧/关注…

8. pollution-free fuel 无污染燃料

9. environmentally-friendly fuel

10. luxury奢侈品

11. chronic poisoning 慢性中毒

12. popularization of cars 汽车普及

13. Popularity: n. 普遍，流行

14. lay more emphasis on… 把重心放在…

15. obey traffic regulations 遵守交通规则

16. break/violate traffic regulations 违反交通规则

17. violator违规者

18. get stuck in traffic 遇上堵车

19. rush hour 上下班高峰时间

20. ease the traffic pressure 缓解交通压力

21. pedestrian行人

22. pavement/sidewalk人行道

23. zebra crossing 斑马线

24. over speed/excessive speed 超速行驶

25. speed limits 限速

26. drinking driving 酒后驾驶

27. settle down effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律

28. impose restrictions on … 对…实施限制

29. short-sighted 目光短浅的

30. long-term development plan

31. Short-term profit

32. non-renewable resources 不可再生资源

33. carbon dioxide二氧化碳

34. make full use of /make the best use of… 充分利用

35. enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量

36. pay a heavy price 付出惨痛的代价

37. promote the development of relative industries 促进相关产业发展

38. traffic engineering 交通运输工程

39. the number of car ownership 汽车拥有量

40. call for … 需要…

41. overcrowded 过度拥挤的

42. traffic/road accidents 交通事故

43. conflict with … 与…相冲突

44. be replaced by … 被…所取代

注：take the place of…取代…的地位；take place 发生

45. provide convenience for … 为…提供便利

46. dilemma进退两难

47. energy-saving 节能的

48. clean resources 清洁能源

49. status symbol 身份象征

50. promote related industries促进相关产业发展

51. accelerate加速…

52. means of transportation交通方式

53. environmentally-friendly resources环保的能源

54. make people’s life easier使人们生活更方便

55. alternative fuel可替代燃料

56. sustainable development可持续性发展

57. substitute取代

58. make progress取得进步

59. give a great push to the economic growth极大地推动了经济发展

60. see dramatic breakthroughs取得突破性进展

61. aggravate使恶化

62. optimize优化

63. cure-all solution万能良药

写作素材

Popularization of cars

Advantages:

Many people are very attached to their cars. They say that having a car is an essential part of their lives. Cars bring us speed, comfort and greater mobility:

Cars offer flexibility and mobility to people’s life and work.

Cars enable rapid and timely distribution/delivery of goods.

Cars offer people ready access to a variety of services and leisure options.

Economic and social benefits:

The car industry is the largest industry in the world economy.

In most parts of the world the motor car is seen as a sign of progress and development.

Different makes of cars with different colors run on the roads, creating beautiful scenery.

The car industry in China is developing rapidly, creating millions of job opportunities and boosting Chinese economy.

Disadvantages:

Pollution: The widespread use of cars has real environmental and economic costs.

Vehicles are major sources of urban air pollution and greenhouse gases emissions.

Road traffic is the source of one third of all harmful air pollution in the world. Car exhausts contain nitrogen oxide, which contributes to acid rain, carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming, and lead, which damages human brain and kidney.

It consumes many recourses of the world, such as steel, aluminum, copper, lead and natural rubber.

Car engines use only 10 to 20% of energy in the fuel. The rest is lost as noise, heat and pollution.

Traffic Jam

As more and more people drive to work rather than walk, cycle or take public transport to work, there are heavy traffic jams almost every day at rush hours.

Road building withdraws large areas of land from agricultural use.

Motorways and the associated interchanges, exits and entry ramps cover thousand of acres of prime food-producing land.

In places where roads are built, the topsoil is pushed aside, the vegetation is stripped away and animal habitats are destroyed.

In cities close to one third of all land goes to accommodate the car, parking lots, expressways, roundabouts, bridges, petrol stations and garages. Parking lots devour huge stretches of land and are empty 80 per cent of the time.

Conclusions and recommendations

Restrict the use of cars, improved public transport and created better facilities for pedestrians and cyclists.

Now car manufacturers are trying to make more environmentally friendly cars, which use fuel more efficiently and cause less pollution.

In the future cars may run on solar power, alcohol from plants or fuel cells using methanol or hydrogen. They will be much lighter with advanced electronics.

例文分析

The unlimited use of cars may cause many problems. What are those problems? In order to reduce the p roblems, should we discourage people to use cars?

The fast increase in the number of cars have brought along many related problems which are well worth our gr eatest attention.

First of all, urban traffic is getting from bad to worse. I’d like to cite my own experience as an example. Five y ears ago, it took me about 30 minutes to drive from home to office. One year later, I needed to spend about 40 minutes on the way. Then two years later, I had to start out from home at least 1 hour earlier in order to get to my office on good time for work. And then, since last year, it has just been too normal for me to spend about o ne and half hours to make it. The traffic just moves like a worm!

Second, with the ever growing number of cars, air quality in urban areas is deteriorating with each passing day. We used to see clear blue sky and breathe fresh air, but now this would be a real luxury. Car exhaust has seriou sly polluted the air and people’s health is greatly endangered. It seems certain that we human beings have alrea dy made a fatal mistake that could only be remedied by bringing down the number of cars hugely.

Sure, we can not deny the fact that cars have brought us speed, comfort and greater mobility. However, these h ave already been history. We are suffering much more from cars than benefiting from them. Our health conditi ons are going down rapidly both due to the polluted air that we have to breathe every second and our lack of ex ercise as a result of the ever increasing amount of time we have to spend behind the wheel!

What can we do? From the foregoing discussion, I’m sure we have already found a solution: to discourage peo ple to use cars! I know very well that science and technology are also developing very fast and there might be better solutions coming up in the future, but, before that, let’s first salvage ourselves in such a passive way!

雅思大作文环境保护

环境保护类 一．环境问题 1.气候变化、全球变暖：climate change global warming 2.空气污染、垃圾增多：air pollution increase of rubbish / garbage 3.能源危机、缺水、森林砍伐：energy crisis water shortage deforestation 4.自然灾害、酸雨、沙尘暴、干旱、水灾： natural disasters acid rain stand storm drought flood 二．原因（根本） 人口增长工业发展人类活动 Population growth industrial development long-term human activities 三．方法 1.世界方面: 全球合作达成共识制定环境保护国际准Global cooperation reach agreement set international standard s for 2.政府方面： 环保政策鼓励低碳经济发展 Work out / make / enact environmental policy encourage low carbon economy 3.企业方面： 推出环保产品引领大众绿色 消费习惯 Promote environmental products / production lead green consuming habits Environmental-friendly 4.个人: 提升环保意识倡导低碳生活方式 Improve public’s green awareness encourage / advocate low carbon life style Raise Arouse Increase 5．科技： 开发可再生清洁能源投资开发节能科技 Exploit renewable clean energy invest in energy-saving technologies 你认为环保一定是政府或企业的责任吗? 范文 第一段：（背景句）environmental protection is one of the most important challenges almost every countries is facing . (复合句) 六种：宾从、定从..... however ，whether only government and big firms have resources and powers to preserve our environment is a controversial issue .

雅思写作常用写作词汇汇总

附录二十大话题 教育类（education） https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8b11929687.html,pulsory education 义务教育 2. vocational education 职业教育 3. academic performance 学业表现 4. non-academic affairs 与学习无关的事情 5. puppy/ calf love 早恋 6. corporal punishment 体罚 7. tuition fee 学费 8. parents’ supervision 父母的监督 9. individual tutorship 个人辅导 10. turning point 转折点 11. the pursuit of knowledge 对知识的追求 12. maintain / disrupt classroom order 维护、扰乱课堂秩序 13. coeducational /single sex establishment 男女共校、单一性别学校 14. generation gap 代沟 15. indulge in 沉迷（表示“溺爱” 后面直接加宾语） 16. play truant 逃学 17. school shootings 校园枪击 18. broaden one’s horizons 开阔视野 19. the hardship and bitterness of life 生活的艰辛和苦难 20. appropriate advice and guidance 恰当的建议和指导 21. cultivate independence 培养独立性 22. a good habit of frugality 节约的好习惯 23. distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非 24. shoulder the responsibility of 肩负…… 的责任 25. be prone to do 容易做某事 26. go astray 误入歧途 27. violate social conventions and laws 违反社会习俗和法律 28. cast a shadow on one’s heart 在心中留下阴影 29. resist the temptation of 抵制……的诱惑 30. interpersonal skills 人际交往的技巧 31. peer pressure 同辈的压力 32. formative years 性格形成期 33. physically and emotionally immature 身心不成熟 34. a sense of superiority 优越感 35.socially adaptable 能适应社会的 36. adjust teaching methods 调整教学方法 37. exert a negative impact on 产生消极影响 38. juvenile crime=juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪juvenile delinquent 青少年犯罪者 39. a sense of belonging 归属感 40. qualified and experienced teachers 称职、有经验的老师 41. first class teaching facilities 一流的教学设施 42. education reform 教育改革 科技类（science and technology） 1.artificial intelligence 人工智能（artificial 人工的、人造的、非天然的） 2.side effects 副作用 3.technological revolution 科技革命

雅思写作话题分类词汇(全)

雅思写作话题分类词汇 教育与学业 考试频率：★★★★★ Education and study 教育与学业 1、Teaching methods 教学方法 7、Generation gap 代沟 2、Educational facilities 教育设施8、Adolescents’/Teenagers’problems 青少年问题 3、Academic subjects 学校科目9、Studying abroad 留学话题 4、Computer and learning(teaching) 电脑与学习（教学）10、Taking a part-time job 兼职工作 5、Personal development 个人发展11、Parents’/Teachers’responsibilities 父母/教师责任 6、Physical and mental growth 身心成长12、Functions/tuition of university 大学功能/学费 真题重现 In schools and universities, some girls tend to choose arts subjects, while boys choose to study science subjects. What are the reasons? Do you think this trend should be changed? Some people think that the main purpose of school is to turn children as a good citizens and workers, rather to benefit them as individuals. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 分类词汇加油站 1. scope of knowledge 知识面 2.lighten the burden of 减轻了…的负担 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8b11929687.html,prehensive knowledge 广博的知识 4.long-distance education 远程教育 5.enrich the teaching method 丰富教育手段 6.teaching\pedagogical methodology 教学方法 7.schooling 学校教育parenting、upbringing 家庭教育8.impart\inculcate knowledge 传授知识 9.multi-media teaching 多媒体教学10.vocational education 职业教育11.down-to-earth, practical 切合实际的12.enlightening 予以人启迪的13.perplexing 令人困惑的 14.the cultural diversity 文化的多元性15.insightful 富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的16.undertake the due obligations 承担责任17.exam-oriented education 应试教育 18.develop our creative mind 培养我们创造性思维19.widen one’s knowledge 拓展知识面20.realize the value of life 实现生命价值

雅思写作环境类词汇

环境类词汇 低碳low carbon 环保的environmental 生态系统ecosystem 环境保护environmental protection/ conservation 保护protect/ preserve/ safeguard 可持续发展?sustainable development 耗尽自然资源run out of/ impoverish natural resources exploit 留下一个碳化足迹leaving a carbonized imprint 向环境排放污染物?release pollutants into the environment 温室效应greenhouse effect 全球变暖global warming 有毒的toxic 污染pollution 恶化，降级deteriorate 缺乏，缺少，不足lack of/ be lacking in 抵制气候变化restrain the climate change 改善空气质量improve air quality 节约能源energy conservation 可再生能源，例如风能、水能和太阳能 renewable sources, such as wind, water and solar energy 燃油高效汽车fuel-efficient?vehicles 乘坐公共交通工具，拼车或骑自行车 Taking public transport, carpool or ride a bicycle 避免使用一次性产品avoid using disposable products 环保产品green products 生态友好的替代品environmental-friendly substitution/ alternatives 生活垃圾分类domestic waste sorting 少消耗多回收Less consumption more recycling 可供选择的手段Alternative means 无价的，极其宝贵的priceless, precious 大批灭绝exterminate in a large scale 不可补救的伤害irremediable damage 过度捕捞overfishing 野生动物wild animal 频临灭绝be endangered 生物多样化biological diversity 新能源、更安全的能源more safer new energy 缓解能源危机relieve energy crisis 循环利用能源recycling 能源短缺energy shortage 放射性物质radioactive substances 沙漠化desertification 持续发展develop sustainably

雅思写作常用连接词2

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13. education=schooling 教育 14. think=believe=hold=maintain=consider=take for=agree认为 15. oppose=object to=be against=disagree 反对 16. support=be in favor of=be for 支持 17. as for me=as far as I am concerned=in the eyes of 对我来说 18. in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=in my point of view=personally 我的观点是 19. as …develop(s)=with the development of...=with the progress of…=as…advances随着…的发展（注意什么时候用动词，什么时候用名词） 20. quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate 很快（副词） 21. in addition=besides=furthermore=moreover=apart from=in spite of= Despite=what’s more 此外（提出新信息） 22. because=as=for=since 因为（加句子） 23. because of=due to=owing to=thanks to =attribute to 因为（加名词）

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