美国文学复习材料
第一部分选择题
I．Multiple Choice
Select from the choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A, B, or D on the answer sheet.
1. The phrase ―a transparent eye-bal l‖ compares philosophical mentation of Emerson‘s. It appears in_. ( B )
A. The American Scholar
B. Nature
C. The Over Soul
D. Essays: Second Series
2. Which of following writers is not the dominant figure of the Realistic Period in American? ( A )
A. Herman Meville浪漫主义
B. William Dean Howells
C. Henry
D. Mark Twain
3. Among the works by Eugene O ?Neill, which has gained its status as a world classic and simultaneously marks the Climax of O‘Neill‘s literary career and the coming of age of American drama? ( A )
A. Lon g Day‘s Journey Into Night
B. Strange Interlude
C. Bound East for Cardiff
D. The Great God Brown
4. Which of the following comments on the novel ―The Great Gatsby‖ is not true? ( A )
A. It is the greatest novel in American literature.
B. It fully explore the disillusionment and despair of the lost Generation.
C. Gatsby ?s failure magnifies the end of the American dream.
D. The author of it is F.Scott Fitzgerald.
5. Strong affinity to the Chinese and Oriental literature can be found in the works of _.( B )
A. Mark Twain
B. Ezra Pound
C. Emily Dikinson
D. Arthur Miller
6. the book from which ―all American literature comes‖ refers to_C.
A. The Great Gatsby
B. The Sun Also Rises
C. The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn
D. Moby-Dick
7. ―In a Station of the Metro‖ is regarded by critics as a classic specimen of _.B
A. the romantic poetry
B. the imagist poetry
C. the absurd poetry
D. the transcendental poetry
8. Statement_is not true in describing American naturalists.D
A. they were deeply influenced by Darwinism
B. they were identified with French novelist and theorist Emile Zola
C. they chose their subjects from the lower ranks of society
D. they used more serious and more sympathetic tone in writing than realists
8. ―The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window panes,/The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the windowpanes/Linked its tongue into the corners of the evening,/Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains.‖ The stanza is taken from_.A
A. T.S.Eliot‘s ―The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock‖
B. Emily Dicki nson‘s ―Because I could not stop for Death‖
C. Alfred Tennyson‘s ―Break, Break, Break,‖
D. William Wordsworth‘s ―I wandered Lonely as a Cloud‖
9. Daisy Miller;s tragedy of indiscretion is intensified and by enlarged by its narration from the opinion of view of_A.
A. the American youth Winterbourne
B. the author of Henry James
C. her mother https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8112806824.html,ler
D. the Italian youth Giovanelli
10. who is the author of the poem ?The Scarlet Letter‖/C
A. John Bunyan
B. Daniel Defoe
C. Nathaniel Hawthorne
D. George Eliot
11. ―The horizon‘s edge, the flying sea-cow, the fragrance of salt marsh and shore mud. These became part of that child who went forth every day, and who now goes, and will always go forth every day.‘ The two lines are taken from_.A
A. There was a child went forth by Walt Whitman
B. In a Station of the Metra by Ezra Pound
C. Cavalry Crossing a Ford by Walt Whitman
D. Ulysses by Joyce
12 In the following works, which signs the beginning of the American literature? ( A )
A. The Sketch Book.
B. Leaves of Grass.
C. Leather Stocking Tales.
D. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
13 Washington Irving (1783——1859) was one of the first American writers to earn an international reputation, and regarded as an early Romantic writer in the American literary history and Father of the American short stories. His conservatism is reflected in______. ( C ) A. Bracebridge Hall B. Tales of a Traceler
C. The Sketch Book
D. Rip Van Winkle
14 ―There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity.‖ which of the following writings is the thought reflected in? ( A )
A. Nathaniel Hawthorne‘s Young Goodman Brown.
B. Mark Twain‘s The Adventures of Tom Brown.
C. Theodore Dreiser‘s Sister Carrie
D. D.H. Lawrence‘s Sons and Lovers
15 F. Scott Fitzgerald is not the author of______. ( B )
A. The Great Gatsby
B. In Our Time
C. Tender is the Night
D. This Side of Paradise
16 Who is the author of the essay ―Nature‖? ( D )
A. T.S. Eliot.
B. Thomas Hardy.
C. Charles Dickens.
D. Ralph Waldo Emerson
17 Washington Irving was one of the first American writers to earn an international reputation and regarded as _D___
A Father of the American drama
B Father of the American poetry
C Father of the American literature
D Father of the American short stories
18 In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled _C_______at Harvard ,which was hailed by Oliver Wendell Holmesas
―Our Intellectual Declaration of Independence‖.
A ―Self –Reliance‖
B ―Divinity School Address
C ―The American Scholar‖
D ―Nature‖
19. The impact of Darwin‘s evolutionary theory in the American thought and the influence of the
nineteenth-century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American_______. ( B )
A. modernism
B. naturalism
C. vernacularism
D. local colorism
20 Statement ―_______‖is not true in desc ribing Ezra pound ( D )
A. He is a leading spokesman id the ―Imagist Movement‖
B. His famous one-image poem ―In a Station of the Metro‖ would serve as a typical example of the Imagist ideas
C. A Pact is his masterpiece
D. He was politically controversial
21. In the following writers, which is not the one whose works are characterized with local colors? (B?)
A. Mark Twain.
B. Sarah Orne Jewett.
C. William Dean Howells.
D. Hamlin Garland.
22. ―And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.‖ It is the end of Robert Frost‘s poem, ―Stopping by Wood on a Snowy Evening‖. Symbolically, the word ―sleep‖ may imply＿.
(B)
A. a rest
B. death
C. happiness
D. peace
23 It is on his ＿that Washington Irving‘s fame mainly rested.(D)
A. tales about America
B. early poetry
C. Childhood recollections
D. Sketches about his European tours
24.＿is the most ambivalent writers in the American literary history. (A)
A. Nathaniel Hawthorne
B. Walt Whitman
C. Ralph Wt aldo Emerson
D. Mark Twain
25. Who was the first American writer to conceive his career in international terms? (D)
A. Mark Twain
B. Washington Irving
C. Emily Dickinson
D. Henry James
26. Eugene O‘Neil‘s The Hairy Ape explores the problem of ＿in the early twentieth century.
(D)
A. human disillusionment
B. the corruption of human desire
C. human responsibility
D. the loss of human identity
27. ＿is the author of the work ―The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.‖ (A)
A. Washington Irving
B. James Joyce
C. Walt Whitman
D. William Butler Yeats
28. In Hawthorne‘s Young Goodman Brown, a satanic figure leads the credulous protagonist to a witches Sabbath in the woods. There, he recognizes many pillars of Salem‘s Puritan society as well as his wife, Faith. The story illustrates Hawthorne‘s alleg orical theme of human evil or what Melville called the ―Power of ＿‖. (B)
A. Whiteness
B. Blackness
C. Terror
D. Hypocrisy
29. The author of the work ―For Whom the Bell Tolls‖ is ＿. (A)
A. Ernest Hemingway
B. Samuel Taylor Coleridge
C. Samuel Johnson
D. Francis Bacon
30.In Hawthorne‘s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as ＿. (B)
A. saviors
B. villains
C. commentators
D. observers
31. Which of the following comments n the novel ―The Great Gatsby‖ is not true?
(B)
A. The Great Gatsby is a novel that is set against the ending of the war.
B. Gatsby is wealthy but unintelligent and brutal.
C. Gatsby is a mystical figure whose intensity of dream partakes of a state of mind that embodies American itself.
D. Gatsby is the last of the romantic heroes.
32. In the following writers, who is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age?
(C)
A. William Faulkner
B. Henry James
C. F. Scott Fitzgerald
D. Eugene O‘Neill
33.One of the m ost familiar themes in American naturalism is the theme of human ―__A__‖
A bestiality
B goodness
C compassion
D greed
10.In the following writers ,__B__is regarded as ―the true father of our national literature‖.
A H.L.Menken
B Mark Twain
C Frank Norris
D Theodore Dreiser
34 ‖Nick Adams‖is a character who frequently appears in __D__stories
A William Faulkner‘s
B Theodore Dreiser‘s
C Mark Twain‘s
D Ernest Hemingway‘s
35. The publication of __A__established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism
A Nature
B self-Reliance
C The American Scholar
D The Over-Soul
36. For Melville, as well as for the reader and __C_,the narrator Moby Dick is still a mystery ,an ultimate mystery of the universe .
A Starbuck
B Stubb
C Ishmael
D Ahab
37．The founder of the American drama is ____D____
A Authui Miller
B Clifford Odets
C Tennesee Williams
D Eugene O‘s Neill
38 Of the following poems by T.S. Eliot, which is hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th-century English poetry? ( D ) A. Poems 1909-1925 B. The Hollow Men
C. Prufrock and Other Observations
D. The Waste Land
（Eliot's "The Waste Land" is the most famous English poem of the 20th century, a landmark meditation on our unease with the modern world. The poem is often read as a representation of the disillusionment of the post-war generation）
39. Which of the following writings is by Hemingway described the novel the one book from which ―all modern American literature comes‖? (B)
A. Tom Sawyer
B. Huckleberry Finn
C. The Gilded Age
D. Life on the Mississippi
（Huckleberry Finn is subject to much controversy. Some say that Twain experienced, as critic Leo Marx puts it, a "failure of nerve". Ernest Hemingway once said of Huckleberry Finn:
If you read it, you must stop where the Nigger Jim is stolen from the boys. That is the real end.
The rest is just cheating. Hemingway also wrote in the same essay:All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.）
40. In which of the following works, Hemingway presents his philosophy about life and death through the depiction of the bull-fight as a kind if microcosmic tragedy? ( D )
A. The Green Hills of Africa
B. The Snow of Kilimanjaro.
C. To have and Have Not
D. Death in the Afternoon.
（Ernest Hemingway said of it in his 1932 non-fiction book Death in the Afternoon: "Bullfighting is the only art in which the artist is in danger of death and in which the degree of brilliance in the performance is left to the fighter's honor.）
41.The protagonist of the poem ―Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock‖ is a kind of tragic figure caught in a sense of deafted idealism and tortured by satisfied desires. Of the following descriptions of hi m, which isn‘t suitable for him? ( D )
A. he is neurotic
B. He is self-important
C. He is illogical
D. He is a man of an action
（J. Alfred Prufrock: The speaker/narrator, a timid, overcautious middle-aged man. He escorts his silent listener through streets in a shabby part of a city, past cheap hotels and restaurants, to a social gathering where women he would like to meet are conversing. However, he is hesitant to take part in the activity for fear of making a fool of himself.）
42.Who ,one of the most important poets in his time, is a leading spokesman of the ―Imagist Movement‖? ( B )
A J.D.Salinger
B Ezra Pound
C Richard Wright
D Ralph Ellison
43.Who is the author of the writing ―Moby-Dick‖? (D)
A Samel Taylor Coleridge
B John Keats
C Henry Fielding
D Herman Melville
44.Most of the poems in Whitman‘s Leaves of Grass sing of the ―en-nass‖and the ____C_______as well
A nature
B life
C self
D self-reliance
45.The following titles are all related to the subject that escapes from the society and returns to nature except ( A )
A Dreiser‘s Sister Carrie
B Copper‘s Leather-Stocking Tales
C Thoreau‘s Walden
D Mark Twain‘s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
46. ―Even then he stood there ,hidden wholly in that kindness which is night ,while the uprising fumes filled the room .When the odor reached his nostrils, he quit his attitude and fumbled for the bed.
?What‘s the use ?‘he said ,weakly,as he stretched himself to rest.‖
The passage is taken from____C_______
A Sons and Lovers by D.H .Lawrence
B Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte
C Sister Carrie by Thoedore Dreiser
D Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte
47. Most recognizable literary movement that gave rise to the twentieth-centurey Aemrican literature, or we may say, the second American Renaissance,is the ____D___movement .
A leftist
B transcendental
C expressionistic
D expatriate
48.Which of the following accounts is not true for Ralph Waldo Emerson ? ( B )
A He is the chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism
B Emerson is generally known as an dramatist American philosopher, essayist, and poet
C His works were usually derived from his journal or lectures he had already given
D In Nature ,he employed ―a transparent eyeball‖to illustrate his philosophical discussi on
49.Which of the following is not a work of Emily Dickinson‘s? ( C )
A This is my letter to the World
B I heard a Fly buzz-when I died
C The Road Not Taken
D I like to see it lap the Miles
50.Which of the following is not a usual subject of poetic ex pression of Emily Dickinson‘s? ( A )
A War and peace
B Love and marriage
C Life and death
D Religion
51.In the history of literature ,Romanticism is generally regarded as _A____
A the thought that designates a literaty and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience
B the thought that designates man as a social animal
C the orientation that emphasizes those features which men have in common
D the mode of thinking
52. In the following writers ,who is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th-century ―stream-of-consciousness‖ novel and the founder of psychological realism . A
A Henry James
B Mark Twain
C Emily Dickinson
D Theodore Dreiser
53 .In the following writers ,who is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age ?B
A Theodore Dreiser
B F.Scott Fitzgerald
C Herman Melville
D Ernest Hemingway
54. ―I shall be telling this with a sigh/Somewhere ages and ages hence:/Two roads diverged in a wood,and I ---/I took the one less traveled by ,/And that has made all the difference.‖The poem from which the stanza is taken must be __A___
A Robert Lee Forst‘s The Road Not Taken
B Alfred Tennyson‘s Break ,Break ,Break
C Edmund Spenser‘s The Faerie Queene
D Samuel Johnson‘s Londo n
55.Emily Dickinson‘s poem(441) ―This is my letter to the World‖ express the poet‘s __C__about her communication with the outside world .
A indignation
B joy
C anxiety
D indifference
56.Which of the following writings is regarded as the first American prose epic? B
A Pierre
B Moby-Dick
C Typee
D Bill Budd
57.Robert Frost combined traditional verse forms---the sonnet rhyming couplets ,blank verse -----with a clear American local speech rhythem ,the speech of ________farmers with ist idiosyncratic diction and syntax.
A southern
B western
C New Hampshire
D New England
58. ―They rose when she entered --------a small ,fat woman in blake,with a thin gold chain descending to here waist and vanishing into her belt ,leaning on an ebony cane with a tarnished gold head .Her skeleton was small and spare;…‖these sentences are taken from ___B___
A Charlotte Bronte‘s The Professor
B William Faulkner‘s A Rose for Emily
C Charles Dicken‘s Dombey and Son
D https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8112806824.html,wrence‘s Sons and Lovers
59.In which of the following poems by Ezra Pound did you find the allusion to Vi-Shang?
A In a Station of the Metro
B The River-Merchant‘s Wife :A Letter
C A Pact
D Hugh Selwyn Mauberley
60.Statement__B____is wrong in describing Nathaniel Hawthorne
A One source of evil that Hawthorne is concerned most is over-reaching intellect
B Hawthorne is a realistic writer
C Hawthorne is also a great allegorist
D Hawthorne is a master of symbolism
61. ___D____is not a dominant figure of the Realistic Period
A Mark Twain
B William Dean Howells
C Henry James
D Washington Irving
62. Which of the following comments on the writings by Herman Melville is not ture? C
A ―Bartleby ,the Scrivener‖ is a short story
B ―Benoto Bereno‖ is a novella
C The Confidence –Man has something to do with the sea and sailors
D Moby-Dick is regarded as the first American Prose epic
63 In Hemingway‘s short story Indian Camp ,through a story of a woman gicing birth ,the protagonist ,Nick Adams ,receives an education of _______A__
A birth and violent death
B devotion and kinship
C racial inequality
D charity and benevolence
64. In the following writers, who isn‘t Amercian D
A Washington Irving
B Robert Lee Frost
C Theodore Dreiser
D John Keats
65. which of the following writings is not finished by Ralph Waldo Emerson? D
A Nature
B Essays
C The Over-Soul
D Of Studies
66. Which of the following features cannot characterize poems by Walt Whitman ? A
A Lyrical and well-structed
B Free-flowing
C Simple and rather crude
d.Conversational and casual
67. Statement__A ___is not true in describing Washington Irving
A Washington Irving is regarded as Father of the American long stories (short story)
B Irving‘s relationship with the Old World in terms of his literary imagination can hardly be ignored considering his success both abroad and at home
C Irving‘s taste was essentially conservative
D He has always been regarded as a writer who ―perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced‖
68.Which of the following best describes t he young woman in Henry James ―Daisy Miller‖?
A She is an embodiment of the force of convention
B She means the decline of aristocracy
C She represents the free spirit of the New World
D She is reflection of the corruption of the newly rich
69. ―It was a big,squarish frame house that had once been white ,decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies ,set on what had once been
our most select street. …‖these sentences are taken from __A__
A A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner
B Indian Camp by Ernest Hemingway
C The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald
D The Hairy Ape by Eugene O‘Neil
70. Which of the following is Emerson‘s unofficial manifesto for the Transcendental club? ( a )
A. The Over-Soul.
B. Self-Reliance.
C. Essays.
D. Nature.
71.________ is the author of the play ―the Hairy Ape‖. ( a )
A. Eugene O‘Neill
B. Henry James
C. Herman Melville
D. Charles Dickens
72. The three dominant figures of the American realism are the following except________ ( d )
A. William Dean Howells
B. Mark Twain
C. Henry James
D.
E. E. Cummings
73. Which of the following writers has always been regarded as a writer who ―perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced‖? ( d )
A. Cooper.
B. Freneau.
C. Bryant.
D. Irving.
74. In Henry James‘ Daisy Miller, the author tries to portay the young woman as an embodiment of________. ( b )
A. the corruption of the newly rich
B. the free spirit of the New World
C. the decline of aristocracy
D. the force of convention
75.Eugene O‘Neill is recognized as a major figure in world literature, and he i s widely acclaimed ―＿‖ . ( A )
A. founder of the American drama
B. greatest American novelist
C. greatest American poet
D. father of the American short stories
76. Apart from the dislocation of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include A＿, symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.
A. multiple points f view
B. first person point of view
C. expressionism
D. impressionism
77. Fitzgerald‘s fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of ＿. ( A )
A. the Jazz Age
B. the Romantic Period
C. the Renaissance Period
D. the Neoclassical Period
78. Which of the foll owing figures does not belong to ―The Lost Generation‖ ? ( D )
A. Ezra Pound
B. William Carlos Williams
C. Robert Frost
D. Theodore Dreiser
(The "Lost Generation" is a term used to define expatriate artists and writers living in Paris after the end World War I. Notable authors as part of the "Lost Generation" were modernists such as Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, Sherwood Anderson, Waldo Peirce,
John Dos Passos, John Steinbeck, Erich Maria Remarque and Cole Porter)
79. In ―I heard a Fly buzz-when I died-‖ , Emily Dickinson describes the moment of death ＿. ( D )
A. passionately
B. pessimistically
C. in despair
D. peacefully
80. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author‘s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more ＿ . ( B )
A. optimistic
B. pessimistic
C. humorous
D. rational
81. A＿is known as ―the poet‘s poet.‖
A. Spenser
B. John Milton
C. Marlowe
D. Robert Frost
82. ＿is the author of the writing ―Rip Van Winkle‖ . ( A )
A. Washington Irving
B. Richard Brinsley Sheridan
C. Thomas Gray
D. Nathaniel Hawthorne
83. Which of the following statements is not true about Washington Irving? ( C )
A. Washington Irving is regarded as Father of the American short stories.
B. Irving‘s relationship with the Old Wor ld in terms of his literary imagination can hardly be ignored considering his success both abroad and at home.
C. Washington Irving is essentially progressive and cracial
D. Washington Irving has always been regarded as writer who ―perfected the best clas sic style that American literature ever produced‖ .
84. The defining formal characteristics of the modernistic works are ＿. ( A )
A. discontinuity and fragmentation
B. contorted and obscure
C. traditional and glorious
D. prosperous and innovative
85. About William Faulkner, in the following statements, which is not true? ( D )
A. Most of Faulkner‘s works are set in the American South, with his emphasis on the Southern subjects and consciousness.
B. Almost all his heroes turn out to be tragic.
C. Faulkner has always been regarded as a man with great might of invention and experimentation
D. Indian Camp is Faulkner‘s masterpiece
第二部分填空
Directions: Fill in the blanks according to what you have learned in class or from textbooks.
1. The following points are basic beliefs of the Puritans:
1). Total Depravity - through Adam and Eve's fall, every person is born sinful - concept of Original Sin.
2). Unconditional Election - God "saves" those he wishes - only a few are selected for salvation - concept of predestination.
3). Limited Atonement - Jesus died for the chosen only, not for everyone.
4). Irresistible Grace - God's grace is freely given, it cannot be earned or denied. Grace is defined as the saving and transfiguring power of God.
5). Perseverance of the "saints" - those elected by God have full power to interpret the will of God, and to live uprightly. If anyone rejects grace after feeling its power in his life, he will be going against the will of God - something impossible in Puritanism.
2. Transcendentalism is a literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition.
3. According to the transcentalists: The intuitive faculty, instead of the rational or sensual, became the means for a conscious union of the individual psyche with the world psyche also known as the Oversoul, life-force, prime mover and God. An individual is the spiritual center of the universe - and in an individual can be found the clue to nature, history and, ultimately, the cosmos itself. It is not a rejection of the existence of God, but a preference to explain an individual and the world in terms of an individual.
4. The style of Herman Melville could be summarized as 1) Consciously literary: heavily use of allusions (Bible and Shakespeare in particular and classical myths), rhymes and poetic expressions. (It was for his style that Moby Dick is regarded as the first American prose epic.) 2). His use of whaling terms: The two qualities make his works difficult and dull sometimes for the common reader. 3) Interchange of styles: the style of fact and the style of oratory celebrating the fact and the style of meditation. ( In some chapters, he stated the fact and in some others, he disguised himself in some characters and delivered speeches about the fact and still in others, he would gave room solely for his ideas, for example, he used several chapters to give comment to Hamlet the prince and whaling industry.) 4) Symbolic and metaphorical. 5). non-narrative chapters that make this novel a philosophical one. While these chapters may bear nothing relevant to the story itself. They mainly contain background information about life, about its characters. In one word, it contains all of life. 6). Use of multiple views to achieve the effect of ambiguity. (不可知论agnosticism)
5. The short story, Poe says, 1) must be of such length as to be read at one sitting (brevity); 2) So as to ensure the totality of impression. 3)The very first sentence ought to help to bring out the ―single effect‖ of the story. 4)No word should be used which does not contribute to the ―pre-established‖ design of the work (compression) 5) A tale should reveal some logical truth with ―the fullest satisfaction‖, and should end with the last sentence, leaving a sense of ―finality‖ wit h the reader.
6. Whitman paid out of his own pocket for the production of the first edition of his book and had only 795 copies printed, which he bound at various times as his finances permitted. He always
recalled the book as appearing, fittingly, on the Fourth of July, as a kind of literary Independence Day. His joy at getting the book published was quickly diminished by the death of his father within a week of the appearance of Leaves.
7. Local color fiction ―exploits the speech, dress, mannerism, habits of thoughts, and topography peculiar to a certain region. Of course, all fiction has a locale, but local color writing exists primarily for the portrayal of the people and life of a geographical setting.‖ Local Colorism is a form of regionalism popular after the Civil War. As a trend, it became dominant in the late 1860s and early 1870s. Its features include: 1). local themes, local characters; 2). the exotic and the picturesque: accurate dialect reporting, a tendency towards the use of eccentrics as characters, and the use of sentimentalized pathos or whimsical humor in plotting. 3). glorified past: good things were lost 4). the influences of setting upon its inhabitants.
8. Iceberg theory of Hemingway: His sentences only give small bit of his meaning and the more significant part is only implied. One must go very deep to understand the full. His vocabulary is easy and with few modifiers and his sentences are short and easy, but with the bulk meaning only indicated, it is very difficult to restore his whole mentality in creation of his works.
9. Death in the Afternoon does codify one of Hemingway‘s literary concepts of the stoical hero facing deadly opposition while still performing his duties with professionalism and skill, or "grace under pressure," as Hemingway described it. Many critics took issue with an apparent change in Hemingway from detracted artist to actual character in one of his own works.
10. The primary ingredients of drama are characters, represented by players; action, described by gestures and movement; thought, implied by dialogue and actions; spectacle, represented by scenery and costume; and, finally, audiences, who respond to this complex mixture.
11. Modernism‘s distinctive feature is strong and conscious break from traditional forms, perceptions, and techniques of expression, and its great concern with language and all aspects of its medium. It is persistently experimental. Stream of consciousness, use of myth as a structural principle and poetic image. Imagism was one of the techniques in writing modern poetry.
第三部分简答题
Directions: Reading Comprehension. Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
1. ―The Eyes around----had wrung them dry----
And Breaths were gathering firm
For that last Onset----when the king
Be witnessed----in the Room----‖
Questions:
A. What is the meaning of the first line?
B. What does ―the king‖ refer to?
C. What idea does the poem from which this stanza is taken express?
答案：A. It means the relatives and friends had cried and cried so that there were no tears any more. (P521)
B. "The King" refers to the God of death. (P521)
C. The poem expresses that the author even imagined her own death, the loss of her own body, and the journey of her soul to the unknown. (P518)
2. .F. Scott Fitzgerald is a great stylist in American literature. What is his art of novels?
Fitzgerald's clear, lyrical, colorful, witty style evoked the emotions associated with time and
place. Simple
Descriptive
Graceful
Precise
Polished
He excelled in creating strikingly literary metaphors‖ Her voice is full of money‖
―I am paraly zed with happiness
His prose is smooth, sensitive, and completely original in its diction and metaphors. Its simplicity and gracefulness, its skill in manipulating the relation between the general and the specific reveal his consummate artistry.
3. ―The ye llow fog that rubs its back upon the windowpanes,
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the windowpanes.
Linked its tongue into the corners if the evening,
Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains.‖
Questions:
A. Identify the author and the title of the work from which this stanza is taken .
B. Write down the characteristics of the protagonist the poem.
C. What is the setting of the poem?
4. This is my letter to the World/ That never wrote to Me—/The simple News that Nature told—/With tender Maje sty‖
Questions:
A. Who is the author of the stanza?
Emily Dickinson
B. Which period does the poem belong to?
The Romantic period
C. What idea does the poem express?
Express Dickinson‘s anxiety about her communication with the outside world
5. Ezra Pound is one of the pioneers in modern poetry. How do you understand his famous comment ―The image itself is the speech‖?
The point of imagism is that it does not use images as armaments. The image is the world beyond formulated language. This is ?one image poem‘. It is one idea set on top of another.
6. Emily Dickinson is now recognized not only as a great poetess on her own right but as a poetess of considerable influence upon American poetry of the present century. What are the qualities of her poems?
Her poems are characterized by the abundant use of dashes(冲撞), and irregular（不规则之物）and capitalization and clear-cut and delicately original, precise diction and fragmentary patlern. 7. ―The Great Gatsby‖, a masterpiece in American literature, evokes a hau nting mood of a glamorous, wild time that seemingly will never come again. Based on th e novel, discuss the characteristics of Fitzgerald‘s works.
A: The characteristics of The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald, mainly on the employment of narrators. As the spokesman of the Jazz Age and one of the most representative writers in the "Lost Generation", Fitzgerald adopts excellent narrative technique in The Great Gatsby and employs his work as a mirror reflecting the pursuit and dreams of the American people as well as the frustration of their illusion.
8. ―The caterwauling horns had reached a crescendo and I turned away and cut across the lawn toward home. I glanced back once. A wafer of a moon was shining over Gatsby‘s house, making the night fine as before, and surviving the laughter and the sound of his still glowing garden. A sudden emptiness seemed to flow now from the windows and the great doors, endowing with complete isolation the figure of the host, who stood on the porch, his hand up in a formal gesture of f arewell.‖
Questions:
A. Name the author and the title of the novel from which this passage is taken.
The Great Gatsby - F. Scott Fitzgerald
B. What is the setting of the novel?
The story takes place during the 1920's, there are four major settings:
1. East egg
2. West Egg
3. The valley of ashes
4. New York City.
The West Egg is the "less fashionable" side of Long Island where Gatsby and Nick live. The East Egg is the "fashionable" side of Long Island where the Buchanans and other "old money" people live. The Valley of Ashes is the desolate wasteland where the Wilsons live. New York City is a symbol of what America has become in the 1920's : a place where anything goes, where money is made and bootleggers flourish, and where the World Series can be fixed by a man such as Meyer Wolfsheim.
C.What implied meaning can you get from reading this passage?
9. ―He pulled back the blanket from the Indian‘s head .His hand came away Wet. He mounted on the edge of the lower bunk with the lamp in one hand and looked in .The Indian lay with his face toward the wall. His throat had been cut from ear to ear. The blood had flowed into a pool where his body sagged the bunk. His head rested on his left arm. The open razor lay, edge up, in the
blankets.‖
A Identify the writing and the writer
Ernest Hemingway: Indian Camp
B What does the ―where his body sagged the bunk‖mean ?
He is dead in the bunk, with his body sagged.
It means the bunk sank down under the weight of his body
C Whom is he mentioned in the quoted passage?
The Indian
10. My tongue ,every atom of my blood ,form‘d from this soil ,this air ,Born here of parents born here from parents the same ,and their parents the same ,I ,now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin ,/Hoping to cease not till death.‖
A Name the title that the poem had used when published
Walt Whitman: From Song of Myself
B What doed ―soil‖or ―air‖ stand for ?
America
C What idea do the above four lines?
It's the auther‘s self-introduction, to demonstrate his will to eulogize his country until his death. 11.―I shall be telling this with a sign
Somewhere ages and ages hence :
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I --------
I took the one less traveled by ,
And that has made all the difference.‖
Questions
A Who is the author of this poem ?
Robert Frost the Road not Taken
B Identify the title of the short poem from which this part is taken?
C In one or two sentences, inerpret the implied meaning of the last two lines
第四部分作品作者判断和原因分析(红字部分为选段)
Directions:
Please identify the following works and authors and state your reasons.
Other questions may be possible in the exam paper.
1
In the water-cut gullies the earth dusted down in dry little streams. Gophers and ant lions started small avalanches. And as the sharp sun struck day after day, the leaves of the young corn became less stiff and erect; they bent in a curve at first, and then, as the central ribs of strength grew weak, each leaf tilted downward . Then it was June, and the sun shone more fiercely. The brown lines on the corn leaves widened and moved in on the central ribs. The weeds frayed and edged back toward their roots. The air was thin and the sky more pale; and every day the earth paled.
In the roads where the teams moved, where the wheels milled the ground and the hooves of the horses beat the ground, the dirt crust broke and the dust formed. Every moving thing lifted the dust into the air; a walking man lifted a thin layer as high as his waist, and a wagon lifted the dust as high as the fence tops, and an automobile boiled a cloud behind it. The dust was long in settling back again.
-The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck The Grapes of Wrath is a novel published in 1939 and written by John Steinbeck, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1940 and the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962. he was a great spokesman for the oppressed and the poor ,writing about the poverty_stricken people in their sufferings ,he was considered as the foremost writer of the great depression during 1930s , Set during the Great Depression, the novel focuses on a poor family of sharecroppers, the Joads, driven from their Oklahoma home by drought, economic hardship, and changes in the agriculture industry. In a nearly hopeless situation, partly because they were trapped in the Dust Bowl, they set out for California along with thousands of other "Okies" in search of land, jobs and dignity.
2
And he was rich—yes, richer than a king—
And admirably schooled in every grace:
In fine, we thought that he was everything.
To make us with that we were in his place .
So on we worked, and waited for the light,
And went without the meat, and cursed the bread:
And Richard Cory, one calm summer night,
Went home and put a bullet through his head.
Richard Cory by Edwin Arlington Robinson
"Richard Cory" is a narrative poem written by Edwin Arlington Robinson, first published in 1897.The poem describes a person who is wealthy, well educated, mannerly, and admired by the people in his town. Despite all this, he takes his own life. Through this story, Robinson introduces the classic theme of not judging people by their appearance; rather, there is more to a man than
what appears on the surface. The idea that money cannot buy happiness is also suggested. The speakers are townspeople who admire Richard Cory.
3 ―I say, keep off, can‘t you!‖ said Adolph, enraged.
―Lor, now, how touchy we is --- we white niggers！Look at us now!‖ and Sambo gave a ludicrous imitation of Adolph‘s manner; ― here‘s de airs and graces. We‘s been in a good family, I‘spects.‖
―Yes,‖ said Adolph; ―I had a master that could have bought you all for old truck!‖
―Laws, now, only think,‖ said Sambo, ―the gentlemens that we is!‖
―I belonged to the St. Clare family,‖ said Adolph proudly.
―Lor, you did! Be hanged if they ar‘n‘t lucky to get shot of ye. Spects they‘s gwine to reade ye off with a lot o‘cracked tea-pots and sich like!‖ said Sambo, with a provoking grin.
Adolph, enraged at this taunt, flew furiously, at his adversary, swearing and striking on every side of him. The rest laughed and shouted, and the uproar brought the keeper to the door.
―What now, boys? Order, order!‖ he said, coming in and flourishing a large whip.
Uncle Tom's Cabin, Or, Life Among the Lowly by Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. 斯托弗人，Published in 1852, the novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the United States, so much in the latter case that the novel intensified the sectional conflict leading to the American Civil War.
Stowe, a Connecticut-born preacher at the Hartford Female Academy and an active abolitionist, focused the novel on the character of Uncle Tom, a long-suffering black slave around whom the stories of other characters—both fellow slaves and slave owners—revolve. The sentimental novel depicts the reality of slavery while also asserting that Christian love can overcome something as destructive as enslavement of fellow human beings.
Harriet Beecher Stowe (June 14, 1811 – July 1, 1896)she is a anti—slavery writer ,and she was an American abolitionist and author. Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) depicted life for African-Americans under slavery; it reached millions as a novel and play, and became influential in the United States and United Kingdom and made the political issues of the 1850s regarding slavery tangible to millions, energizing anti-slavery forces in the American North, while provoking widespread anger in the South. Upon meeting Stowe, Abraham Lincoln allegedly remarked, "So you're the little lady who started this Great War!"[1] The quote is regarded as apocryphal.
4.
We wear our fingers rough with handling them.
Oh, just another kind of outdoor game,
One on a side. It comes to little more:
There where it is we do not need the wall:
He is all pine and I am apple orchard.
My apple trees will never get across.
And eat the cones under his pines, I tell him.
He only says," Good fences make good neighbours."
Spring is the mischief in me, and I wonder.
If I could put a notion in his head"
"Why do they make good neighbours? Isn't it?
Where there are cows? But here there are no cows.
Before I built a wall I'd ask to know.
Mending Wall Robert Lee Frost "Mending Wall" is a metaphorical poem written in blank verse, published in 1914, by Robert Frost (1874–1963). The poem appeared as the first selection in Frost's second collection of poetry, North of Boston. It is set in the countryside and is about one man questioning why he and his neighbor must rebuild the stone wall dividing their farms each spring.
It is perhaps best known for its line spoken by the neighbor: "Good fences make good neighbors." The line is listed by the Oxford Dictionary of Quotations as a mid 17th century proverb, which was given a boost in the American consciousness due to its prominence in the poem.
He was the Pulitzer winner four times
? 1. 1924: New Hampshire
? 2. 1928: West-Running Brook
? 3. 1936: A Further Range
? 4. 1942: A Witness Tree?
?He also received honors from forty-four institutions, and became the co untry‘s unofficial
Poet Laureate when invited to read his poems at President Kennedy‘s inauguration in
1961.
He was modern in that
? 1. his searching and often dark meditations on universal themes;
? 2. his adherence to language as it is actually spoken;
? 3. the psychological complexity of his portraits;
? 4. the degree to which his work is infused with layers of ambiguity and irony.
His deceptively simple style
?He examined modern life‘s complexity through triviality.
?He used dialogues and monologues.
?He used symbols.
?He achieved a seemingly effortless grace using the countryfolk‘s speech, but he revealed
no less the other modern poets did with their difficult style.
5
He saw once more his dark-eyed queen
Among her children stand;
They clasped his neck, they kissed his cheeks,
They held him by the hand!
A tear burst from the sleeper‘ lids
And fell into the sand.
And then at furious speed he rode
Along the Niger‘s bank;
His bridle-reins were golden chains,
And, with a martial clank,
At each leap he could feel his scabbard of steel
Smiting his stallion‘s flank.
The Slave's Dream - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow ?Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is noted as the most popular American poet of the nineteenth century. His poetry and narrative works are lyrical with an easy rhythm, making them memorable. Uplifting with topics the "every man" can relate to, Longfellow's poetry hums in people's minds like a favorite song.
?He was the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poets Coner of Westminster Abbey *
London, England
?There are two reasons for the popularity and significance of Longfellow's poetry. First, he had the gift of easy rhyme.
?Second, Longfellow wrote on obvious themes which appeal to all kinds of people Style:
? 1. Simple and graceful
? 2. Rhythmical
? 3. Metrical
? 4. Traditional in form
6And I could tell
What form my dreaming was about to take.
Magnified apples appear and disappear,
Stem end and blossom end,
And every fleck of russet showing clear.
My instep arch not only keeps the ache,
It keeps the pressure of a ladder-round.
I feel the ladder sway as the boughs bend
And I keep hearing from the cellar bin
The rumbling sound
Of load on load of apples coming in.
For I have had too much
Of apple-picking: I am overtired
Of the great harvest I myself desired.
“After Apple-Picking”
By Robert Frost
He is a poet of nature, and he sees nature as a storehouse of analogy and symbol. His concern with nature reflects deep moral uncertainties, and his poetry , for all its apparent simplicity, often probes mysteries of darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferent universe. principally associated with the life and landscape of New England. He is a lyric poet;He an authentic painter of local landscape
7Skill might to give him ease. He going home to a better world, I, like wise was on my way homeward, when this strange light shone out. Come with me, I beseech you, reverend Sir; eles you will be poorly able to do Sabbath duty tomorrow. Aha! See now, how they trouble he brain,-these books! You should study less, good sir, and take a little pastime; or these night-whimsy‘s will grow upon you!‖
―I will go home with you,‖ said Mr. Dimmesdale.
With a chill despondency, like one awaking, all nerveless, from an ugly dream, he yielded himself to the physician, and was led away.
The next day, however, being the Sabbath, he preached a discourse which was held to be the richest and most powerful, and the most replete with heavenly influences, that had ever proceeded from his lips. Souls, it is said , more souls than one, were brought to the truth by the efficacy towards Mr. Dimmesdale throughout the long herafter. But , as he came down the pulpit-steps, the gray bearded sexton met him, holding up a black glove, which the ,inister recognized as his own.
―It was found,‖ said the sexton,‖ this morning, on the scaffold, where evil-doers are set u[ to public shame. Satan dropped it there, I take it, intending a scurrilous jest against your reverence.
But indeed,he was blind and foolish, as he ever and always is. A pure hand needs no glove to cover it!‖
―Thank you, my good friend,‖said the minester gravely, but strtled at heart;for,so confused was his remembrance,that he had almost brought himself to look at the events of the past night as visionary. ―Yes, it seems to be my glove indeed!‖
―And, since Satan saw fit to steal it, your reverence must needs handle him without gloves, henceforward,‖remarked the old sexton, grimly smiling. ―But did your reverence hear the portent that was seen last night? A gteat red letter in the sky,-the letter A ,-which we interpret to stand for Sngel. For ,as our good Governor Winthrop was made an angel this past night, it was doubtless he;d f it that there shoud be some notice therof!‖
出处：The scarlet letter
By Nathaniel Hawthorne he is the most ambivalent writer ,a consummate romantic in the American Loterature history , he was an unceasing interest in th e ―interior of the heart‖of man‘s being , he holds Calvinistic belief that himan beings are basically and depraved and corrupted The Scarlet Letter is a romance set in the years from 1642 to 1649, concerns the sin of adultery and the moral ,emotional ,and psychological effects of the sin on the mind of the people in general and those main characters in particular ,the novel is full of symbolism ,especially the letter A , A woman taken in adultery, she must wear the letter A on her chest for all to see, yet she surrounds it with beautiful stitching, so that it advertises not only her shame, but also her skill as a seamstress.
She refuses to name her lover, the Reverend Mr. Arthur Dimmesdale; keeps her word not to reveal the identity of her husband, now calling himself Roger Chillingworth; and raises her daughter, Pearl, on her own, living at the edge of town, near the wild forest and the open sea.
8Elizabeth Willard, the mother of George Willard, was tall and gaunt and her face was marked with smallpox scars. Although she was but forty-five, some obscure disease had taken the fire out of her figure. Listlessly she went about the disorderly old hotel looking at the slumbers of fat traveling men. Her husband, Tom Willard, a slender, graceful man with square shoulders, a
美国文学史复习资料
美国文学史复习（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.
美国文学史及选读期末复习
美国文学史复习1（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记 b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步 5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒： John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. 4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese. 美国文学史复习2（reason and revolution) (2009-01-17 15:54:25) 一、美国的性质： The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 联邦的资产阶级民主共和国--美利坚合众国。 二、代表作家： 1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林 1706-1790 1）"Poor Richard's Almanac" 穷人查理德的年鉴 annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集
美国文学选读复习资料
American Puritanism 殖民地时期 ( roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 一、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明?富兰克林 作品： 1、Poor Richard's Almanac 《格言历书》--- A Collection of maxims, or proverbs, on the value of work and savings for success. 2、The Autobiography 《自传》---“美国梦”的根源 3、参与起草《独立宣言》 浪漫主义American Romanticism The Romantic Period stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It is a period of the great flowering of American literature. The social and cultural background of Romanticism The young Republic was flourishing into a politically, economically and culturally independent country. The Romantic writings revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values. Romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics:moral enthusiasm,faith in value of in dividualism and intuitive perception,and a presumption that the natural world was a source of good ness and man’s societies as a source of corruption. 二、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡 ---poet,short story writer and literary critic(48poems,70short stories) He greatly influenced the devotees of“Art for art’s sake.” He was father of psychoanalytic criticism(心理分析批评),and the detective story.诗歌的精髓就是追求美 小说的主题常常是恐怖和死亡，其中还运用了象征手法。 The Poetic Principle: 1.The poem,should be short,readable at one sitting; 2.Beauty(the rhythmical creation of beauty); 3.Melancholy忧伤(especially the death of a beautiful woman).
美国文学考试资料整理
一．The Literature of Colonial America(Puritanism) 1.The first English colony: Jamestown in Virginia in 1607 2.The first American writer: John Smith 3.Anne Bradstreet: first American woman poet; a Puritan poet; once called “Tenth Muse”; 二．Literature of Reason and Revolution War of Independence (1775-1783);The French and Indian War / the Seven Y ears’War(1756-1763) 1..Benjamin Franklin: Autobiography; Richard’s Almanac Maxims from Poor Richard’s Almanac (proverbs that give practical wisdom) 2..Thomas Paine (1737-1809): Common Sense: a strong push for the Revolution W ar; four parts (British enslavement of the colonies; praising democratic election; America’s economic and military potential to protect the rights of people) 3..Philip Freneau (1752-1832) The first American-born poet;“Poet of the American Revolution”, “Father of American Poetry”, the most significant poet of 18th century America W orks:The Wild Honey Suckle《野忍冬花》on mortality, The Indian Burying Ground 《印第安人殡葬地》on the imagined afterlife, The British Prison Ship《英国囚船》about his imprisoned experience. 三．Romanticism The American Romantic period is considered one of the most important periods, the first literary Renaissance, in the history of American literature. It stretches from the end of the 18th century through the outbreak of the Civil W ar. It started with the publication of W ashington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. 1.Washington Irving (1783-1859) Literary status: the first American to earn an international reputation; Father of the American short stories The Sketch Book: winning him international popularity，the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. Major works: A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty under the name of “Diedrich Knickerbocker
美国文学史及选读复习重点
Captain John Smith (first American writer). Anne Bradstreet；The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America （colonists living） Edward Taylor(the best puritan poet) John Cotton ”the Patriarch of New England” teacher spiritual leader Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography Poor Richard’s Almanack Thomas Jefferson： Political Career Thoughts The Declaration of Independence we hold truth to be self-evidence Philip Freneau“Father of American Poetry” The Wild Honey Suckle American Romanticism optimism and hope Nationalism Washington Irving“Father of American Literature short story”The first “Pure Writer” A History of New York The Sketch Book marked the beginning of American Romanticism! “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”Rip Van Winkle James Fenimore Cooper Father of American sea and frontier novels Leather stocking Tales The Last of the Mohicans The Pioneers The Prairie The Pathfinder The Deerslayer Edgar Allan Poe father of detective story and horror fiction Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque “MS. Found in a Bottle” “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” “The Fall of the House of Usher”“The Masque of the Red Death”“The
美国文学选读期末考试重点
1、The Colonial Period（1607-1765） American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical） 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源 3、American Romanticism（end of 18th to the civil war） American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature
美国文学复习资料
Chapter 1 1.American literature in the colonial periods (殖民地时期的文学，1607-1765): ①1942 Christopher Columbus(哥伦布) discovery of America ②17th century English began their settlement of the North American continent (北美拓殖开始) ③1606 the frist English settlement James Town, Virginia ④1620 the ship Mayflower arrived at Plymouth, Massachusetts ⑤1629 the Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony 2.Puritanism(清教主义) and writers, early poetries 1) the spirit and ideal of puritans who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions. The doctrines of predestination(宿命), original sin(原罪), total depravity(完全的堕落) and limited atonement(有限的救赎) were all that they believed in. 2)writers: William Bradford(1590-1702 Of Plymouth Plantation普利茅斯开发历史), Anne Bradstreet(1617-1672 The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯), Jonathan Edwards(1702-1758), Edward Taylor(1642-1729). 3)Early poetries: The Bay Psalm Book(1640, 1st book written and printed) , The Day of Doom(1662), New England Primer(1638, the 1st and most successful educational textbook) 3.The Main Features of this period 1)American literature grew out of humble origins. Diaries, histories, journals, letters, commonplace books, travel books, sermons, in short, personal literature in its various forms, occupy a major position in the literature of the early colonial period; 2) In content these early writings served either God or colonial expansion or both. In form, if there was any form at all, English literary traditions were faithfully imitated and transplanted;3) The Puritanism formed in this period was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature. 4.American literature in the revolutionary periods( Enlightenment启蒙运动, 1765 -1800) 1)revolutionary ended in 1763 2)1772 Patriot groups began to form committees 3)1774 Frist Continental Congress 4)1775 fighting broke out 5)1776 the Declaration of Independence in Second Continental Congress 6)1783 The Treaty of Paris(巴黎和约) → real independence 7)1776- 1783 Independence War 5.Famous literary figures Roger Williams(罗杰·威廉斯1603-1683): The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience, Discussed in a Conference between Truth and Peace （1644） Philip Freneau(菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832): "the poet of the American Revolution". His major themes are death, nature, transition, and the human in nature John Woolman(约翰·伍尔1702-1772), Tomas Paine(托马斯·潘恩1737-1809)，Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林 6.Benjamin Franklin(1706 - 1790) and works
美国文学复习大纲
美国文学部分(American Literature) 一．殖民时期文学（The Literature of the Colonial Period） 1．本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1) 早期殖民地时期的文学的特点 2) 十八世纪美国文学的特点（重点是独立革命前后时期文学） 3) 主要的作家、其概况及其代表作品 4) 术语：the colonial period, American Puritanism, Puritans, Enlightenment in American, the Great A wakening 2．主要作家作品 John Smith第一个美国作家 A True Relation of Virginia and General History of Virginia. Anne Bradstreet 殖民地时期女诗人 The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America (1650) Jonathan Edwards十八世纪上半叶大觉醒时代的代表人物 “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林，散文家、科学家、社会活动家，曾参与起草《独立宣言》。十八世纪美国启蒙思想代言人。 《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanac（收录格言警句） 《致富之道》The Way to Wealth 《自传》The Autobiography （富兰克林原意为写给儿子的家书） Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩，散文家、政治家、报刊撰稿人。 《常识》Common Sense ( Paine 最知名的政论文：It was inspired by the first battle of the Revolutionary War—the Battle of Lexington in Concord.) 《美国危机》American Crisis 《人的权利》Rights of Man 《专制体制的崩溃》Downfall of Despotism 《理性时代》The Age of Reason Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺，著名的“革命诗人”。 《蒸蒸日上的美洲》“The Rising Glo ry of America” 《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship”（诗人自己被俘，关押于英国囚船的经历）
美国文学史及选读考研复习笔记6.
History And Anthology of American Literature （6） 附：作者及作品 一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America 1．船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》 “A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony” 《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》 “A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country” 《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia” 2．威廉·布拉德福德William Bradford 《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3．约翰·温思罗普John Winthrop 《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England” 4．罗杰·威廉姆斯Roger Williams 《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America” 或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》 Or “A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ” 5．安妮·布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet 《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》 ”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America” 二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1。本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) ※《自传》“ The Autobiography ” 《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac” 2。托马斯·佩因Thomas Paine (1737-1809) ※《美国危机》“The American Crisis” 《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”《常识》“Common Sense” 《人权》“Rights of Man” 《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason” 《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice” 3。托马斯·杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) ※《独立宣言》“The Declaration of I ndependence” 4。菲利浦·弗瑞诺Philip Freneau (1752-1832) ※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle” ※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground” ※《致凯提·迪德》“To a Caty-Did” 《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy” 《夜屋》“The House of Night” 《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship” 《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》 “The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War” 《札记》“Miscellaneous Works” 三、浪漫主义文学The Literature of Romanticism 1。华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving (1783-1859) ※《作者自叙》“The Author’s Account of Himself” ※《睡谷传奇》“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” 《见闻札记》“Sketch Book” 《乔纳森·欧尔德斯泰尔》“Jonathan Oldstyle” 《纽约外史》“A History of New York” 《布雷斯布里奇庄园》“Bracebridge Hall” 《旅行者故事》“Tales of Traveller” 《查理二世》或《快乐君主》“Charles the Second” Or “The Merry Monarch” 《克里斯托弗·哥伦布生平及航海历史》 “A History of the Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus” 《格拉纳达征服编年史》”A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada” 《哥伦布同伴航海及发现》 ”V oyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus” 《阿尔罕布拉》“Alhambra” 《西班牙征服传说》“Legends of the Conquest of Spain” 《草原游记》“A Tour on the Prairies” 《阿斯托里亚》“Astoria” 《博纳维尔船长历险记》“The Adventures of Captain Bonneville” 《奥立弗·戈尔德史密斯》”Life of Oliver Goldsmith” 《乔治·华盛顿传》“Life of George Washington” 2．詹姆斯·芬尼莫·库珀James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) ※《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《间谍》“The Spy” 《领航者》“The Pilot” 《美国海军》“U.S. Navy” 《皮袜子故事集》“Leather Stocking Tales” 包括《杀鹿者》、《探路人》”The Deerslayer”, ”The Pathfinder” 《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《拓荒者》、《大草原》“The Pioneers”, “The Praire” 3。威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) ※《死之思考》“Thanatopsis” ※《致水鸟》“To a Waterfowl” 4。埃德加·阿伦·坡Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) ※《给海伦》“To Helen” ※《乌鸦》“The Raven” ※《安娜贝尔·李》“Annabel Lee” ※《鄂榭府崩溃记》“The Fall of the House of Usher” 《金瓶子城的方德先生》“Ms. Found in a Bottle” 《述异集》“Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque” 5。拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) ※《论自然》“Nature” ※《论自助》“Self-Reliance” 《美国学者》“The American Scholar” 《神学院致辞》“The Divinity School Address” 《随笔集》“Essays” 《代表》“Representative Men” 《英国人》“English Traits” 《诗集》“Poems” 6。亨利·戴维·梭罗Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) ※《沃尔登我生活的地方我为何生活》 1