中华人民共和国破产法(中英文对照)
PRC Enterprise Bankruptcy Law
PART ONE: GENERAL PROVISIONS
总则第一章
Article 1: This Law has been formulated in order to regulate the enterprise bankruptcy procedure, equitably liquidate claims and debts, protect the lawful rights and interests of creditors and debtors, and maintain order in the socialist market economy.
为规范企业破产程序，公平清理债权债务，保护债权人和债务人的合法权益，维护社会主义市场经济秩序，制定本法。第一条
Article 2: When an enterprise legal person becomes insolvent and its assets are insufficient to discharge all of its debts or it clearly lacks the capacity to discharge such debts, its debts shall be liquidated in accordance with this Law.
企业法人不能清偿到期债务，并且资产不足以清偿全部债务或者明显缺乏清偿能力的，依照本法规定清理债务。第二条
If an enterprise legal person is characterized by the foregoing circumstance or there is a marked likelihood that it will lose the capacity to discharge its debts, it may undergo restructuring in accordance with this Law.
企业法人有前款规定情形，或者有明显丧失清偿能力可能的，可以依照本法规定进行重整。
Article 3: Jurisdiction in a bankruptcy case shall lie with a people's court of the place where the debtor is domiciled.
破产案件由债务人住所地人民法院管辖。第三条
Article 4: Where this Law is silent on the trial procedure for bankruptcy cases, the relevant provisions of the Civil Procedure Law shall apply.
破产案件审理程序，本法没有规定的，适用民事诉讼法的有关规定。第四条
Article 5: When a bankruptcy procedure is initiated in accordance with this Law, it shall apply to the property outside the territory of the People's Republic of China of the debtor.
依照本法开始的破产程序，对债务人在中华人民共和国领域外的财产发生效力。第五条
If a legally effective judgement or ruling rendered by a foreign court in a bankruptcy case involves property in the territory of the People's Republic of China of the debtor and an application or petition is made to a people's court for recognition and enforcement, the people's court shall conduct an examination thereof in accordance with the international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China or in accordance with the principle of reciprocity, and, if it holds that such application or petition does not oppose the basic principles of the laws of the People's Republic of China, does not prejudice state sovereignty or security or the public interest, and does not harm the lawful rights and interests of creditors in the People's Republic of China, it shall rule to recognize and enforce such judgement or ruling.
对外国法院作出的发生法律效力的破产案件的判决、裁定，涉及债务人在中华人民共和国领域内的财产，申请或者请求人民法院承认和执行的，人民法院依照中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约，或者按照互惠原则进行审查，认为不违反中华人民共和国法律的基本原则，不损害国家主权、安全和社会公共利益，不损害中华人民共和国领域内债权人的合法权益的，裁定承认和执行。
Article 6: When trying a bankruptcy case, the people's court shall protect the lawful rights and interests of the enterprise's staff and workers in accordance with the law and pursue the legal liability of the bankrupt enterprise's operation and management personnel in accordance with the law.
人民法院审理破产案件，应当依法保障企业职工的合法权益，依法追究破产企业经营管理人员的法律责任。第六条
PART TWO: PETITION AND ACCEPTANCE
申请和受理第二章
Section One: Petition
申请第一节
Article 7: Where a debtor is characterized by the circumstance specified in Article 2 hereof, it may file a petition with the people's court for restructuring, a settlement or bankruptcy liquidation.
债务人有本法第二条规定的情形，可以向人民法院提出重整、和解或者破产清算申请。
Where a debtor has become insolvent, a creditor may file a petition with the people's court for the restructuring or the bankruptcy liquidation of the debtor.
债务人不能清偿到期债务，债权人可以向人民法院提出对债务人进行重整或者破产清算的申请。
If an enterprise legal person has been dissolved but not yet liquidated, or if the liquidation is not yet completed, and its assets are insufficient to discharge its debts, the persons who, in accordance with the law, bear the obligation of carrying out the liquidation shall petition the people's court for bankruptcy liquidation.
企业法人已解散但未清算或者未清算完毕，资产不足以清偿债务的，依法负有清算责任的人应当向人民法院申请破产清算。
Article 8: When filing a bankruptcy petition with the people's court, a written bankruptcy petition and relevant evidence shall be submitted.
向人民法院提出破产申请，应当提交破产申请书和有关証据。第八条
The bankruptcy petition shall specify the following matters:
破产申请书应当载明下列事项：
(1) the basic particulars of the petitioner and the respondent;
(一) 申请人、被申请人的基本情况；
(2) the objective of the petition;
(二) 申请目的；
(3) the facts and grounds of the petition; and
(三) 申请的事实和理由；
(4) other matters that the people's court requires be specified.
(四) 人民法院认为应当载明的其他事项。
If the petition is filed by the debtor, the debtor shall additionally submit to the people's court an explanation of the status of its property, an inventory of its debts, an inventory of its claims,
relevant financial accounting reports, a contingency plan for the arrangements for its staff and workers and details of the payment of the wages of its staff and workers and the payment of social insurance premiums.
债务人提出申请的，还应当向人民法院提交财产状况说明、债务清册、债权清册、有关财务会计报告、职工安置预案以及职工工资的支付和社会保险费用的缴纳情况。
Article 9: The petitioner may petition to withdraw its bankruptcy petition before the acceptance of the same by the people's court.
人民法院受理破产申请前，申请人可以请求撤回申请。第九条
Section Two: Acceptance
受理第二节
Article 10: If the bankruptcy petition is filed by a creditor, the people's court shall notify the debtor thereof within five days from the date of receipt of the petition. If the debtor objects to the petition, it shall make the same known to the people's court within seven days from the date of receipt of the notice from the people's court. The people's court shall rule on whether or not to accept the petition within 10 days from the date of the expiration of the objection period.
债权人提出破产申请的，人民法院应当自收到申请之日起五日内通知债务人。债务人对申请有异议的，应当自收到人民法院的通知之日起七日内向人民法院提出。人民法院应当自异议期满之日起十日内裁定是否受理。第十条
In circumstances other than that specified in the preceding paragraph, the people's court shall rule on whether or not to accept the petition within 15 days from the date of receipt of the bankruptcy petition.
除前款规定的情形外，人民法院应当自收到破产申请之日起十五日内裁定是否受理。
Under special circumstances where an extension of the deadline for the ruling on acceptance specified in either of the preceding two paragraphs is required, the deadline may, subject to the approval of the people's court at the next higher level, be extended for 15 days.
有特殊情况需要延长前两款规定的裁定受理期限的，经上一级人民法院批准，可以延长十五日。
Article 11: If the people's court accepts the bankruptcy petition, it shall serve its ruling on the petitioner within five days from the date of rendering the same.
人民法院受理破产申请的，应当自裁定作出之日起五日内送达申请人。第十一条
If the petition was filed by a creditor, the people's court shall serve the ruling on the debtor within five days from the date of rendering the same. The debtor shall, within 15 days from the date of service of the ruling, submit to the people's court an explanation of the status of its property, an inventory of its debts, an inventory of its claims, relevant financial accounting reports, a contingency plan for the arrangements for its staff and workers and details of the payment of the wages of its staff and workers and the payment of social insurance premiums.
债权人提出申请的，人民法院应当自裁定作出之日起五日内送达债务人。债务人应当自裁定送达之日起十五日内，向人民法院提交财产状况说明、债务清册、债权清册、有关财务会计报告以及职工工资的支付和社会保险费用的缴纳情况。
Article 12: If the people's court rules not to accept the bankruptcy petition, it shall serve its ruling together with an explanation of the reasons therefor on the petitioner within five days from the date of rendering the ruling. If the petitioner is dissatisfied with the ruling, it may file an
appeal with the people's court at the next higher level within 10 days from the date of service of the ruling.
人民法院裁定不受理破产申请的，应当自裁定作出之日起五日内送达申请人并说明理由。申请人对裁定不服的，可以自裁定送达之日起十日内向上一级人民法院提起上诉。第十二条
If, during the period between the acceptance of the bankruptcy petition and the declaration of bankruptcy, the people's court discovers through examination that the debtor is not characterized by the circumstance specified in Article 2 hereof, it may rule to reject the petition. If the petitioner is dissatisfied with the ruling, it may file an appeal with the people's court at the next higher level within 10 days from the date of service of the ruling.
人民法院受理破产申请后至破产宣告前，经审查发现债务人不符合本法第二条规定情形的，可以裁定驳回申请。申请人对裁定不服的，可以自裁定送达之日起十日内向上一级人民法院提起上诉。
Article 13: If the people's court rules to accept the bankruptcy petition, it shall additionally appoint an administrator.
人民法院裁定受理破产申请的，应当同时指定管理人。第十三条
Article 14: The people's court shall notify the known creditors within 25 days from the date of ruling to accept the bankruptcy petition and make an announcement.
人民法院应当自裁定受理破产申请之日起二十五日内通知已知债权人，并予以公告。第十四条
The notice and announcement shall specify the following matters:
通知和公告应当载明下列事项：
(1) the names of the petitioner and respondent;
(一) 申请人、被申请人的名称或者姓名；
(2) the date on which the people's court accepted the bankruptcy petition;
(二) 人民法院受理破产申请的时间；
(3) the deadline and place for filing claims, and points to note;
(三) 申报债权的期限、地点和注意事项；
(4) the name of the administrator and the address where it handles matters;
(四) 管理人的名称或者姓名及其处理事务的地址；
(5) the requirements in respect of the discharge of debts or delivery of property to the administrator by the debtors of the debtor and persons holding property of the debtor;
(五) 债务人的债务人或者财产持有人应当向管理人清偿债务或者交付财产的要求；
(6) the time and place of the first creditors' meeting; and
(六) 第一次债权人会议召开的时间和地点；
(7) other matters that the people's court deems ought to be notified and announced.
(七) 人民法院认为应当通知和公告的其他事项。
Article 15: The relevant persons of the debtor shall bear the following obligations during the period between the date of service on the debtor of the ruling of the people's court accepting the bankruptcy petition and the conclusion of the bankruptcy procedure:
自人民法院受理破产申请的裁定送达债务人之日起至破产程序终结之日，债务人的有关人员承担下列义务：第十五条
(1) duly safekeeping the property, stamps, account books, documents and other such materials in their possession and under their management;
(一) 妥善保管其占有和管理的财产、印章和账簿、文书等资料；
(2) carrying out their work as required by the people's court and the administrator and truthfully responding to queries;
(二) 根据人民法院、管理人的要求进行工作，并如实回答询问；
(3) attending creditors' meetings in a non-voting capacity and truthfully responding to queries raised by the creditors;
(三) 列席债权人会议并如实回答债权人的询问；
(4) not leaving their places of domicile without the permission of the people's court; and
(四) 未经人民法院许可，不得离开住所地；
(5) not assuming positions as directors, supervisors or senior management personnel of other enterprises.
(五) 不得新任其他企业的董事、监事、高级管理人员。
For the purposes of the preceding paragraph, the term "relevant persons" means the enterprise's legal representative and, as decided by the people's court, may include the enterprise's financial management personnel and other operation and management personnel.
前款所称有关人员，是指企业的法定代表人；经人民法院决定，可以包括企业的财务管理人员和其他经营管理人员。
Article 16: Once the people's court accepts the bankruptcy petition, the discharge of debts to individual creditors by the debtor shall be invalid.
人民法院受理破产申请后，债务人对个别债权人的债务清偿无效。第十六条
Article 17: After the people's court accepts the bankruptcy petition, the debtors of the debtor and persons holding property of the debtor shall discharge their debts or deliver the property held by them to the administrator.
人民法院受理破产申请后，债务人的债务人或者财产持有人应当向管理人清偿债务或者交付财产。第十七条
If a debtor of the debtor or a person holding property of the debtor intentionally violates the preceding paragraph by discharging its debt to the debtor or delivering the property held by it to the debtor, thereby causing the creditors to incur a loss, it shall not be released from its obligation to discharge the debt or deliver the property.
债务人的债务人或者财产持有人故意违反前款规定向债务人清偿债务或者交付财产，使债权人受到损失的，不免除其清偿债务或者交付财产的义务。
Article 18: After the people's court accepts the bankruptcy petition, the administrator shall have the right to decide to terminate or to continue the performance of contracts between the debtor and the counterparties thereto formed before the acceptance of the bankruptcy petition and the performance of which has yet to be completed, and shall notify the counterparties of its/his/her decision. If the administrator fails to notify the counterparties within two months from the date of acceptance of the bankruptcy petition or fails to reply within 30 days from receipt of a reminder from a counterparty, it/he/she shall be deemed to have terminated the contracts.
人民法院受理破产申请后，管理人对破产申请受理前成立而债务人和对方当事人均未履行完毕的合同有权决定解除或者继续履行，并通知对方当事人。管理人自破产申请受理之日起二个月内未通知对方当事人，或者自收到对方当事人催告之日起三十日内未答复的，视为解除合同。第十八条
If the administrator decides to continue the performance of a contract, the counterparty shall perform such contract. However, the counterparty shall have the right to demand that the administrator provide security. If the administrator fails to provide security, it/he/she shall be deemed to have terminated the contract.
管理人决定继续履行合同的，对方当事人应当履行；但是，对方当事人有权要求管理人提供担保。管理人不提供担保的，视为解除合同。
Article 19: Once the people's court accepts the bankruptcy petition, the preservation measures taken against the property of the debtor shall be lifted and enforcement procedures shall be stayed.
人民法院受理破产申请后，有关债务人财产的保全措施应当解除，执行程序应当中止。第十九条Article 20: Once the people's court accepts the bankruptcy petition, civil actions or arbitration procedures involving the debtor that have been instituted but not yet completed shall be stayed and shall be resumed after the administrator takes custody of the debtor's property.
人民法院受理破产申请后，已经开始而尚未终结的有关债务人的民事诉讼或者仲裁应当中止；在管理人接管债务人的财产后，该诉讼或者仲裁继续进行。第二十条
Article 21: Once the people's court accepts the bankruptcy petition, civil actions against the debtor may only be instituted in the people's court that accepted the bankruptcy petition.
人民法院受理破产申请后，有关债务人的民事诉讼，只能向受理破产申请的人民法院提起。第二十一条
PART THREE: ADMINISTRATOR
管理人第三章
Article 22: The administrator shall be appointed by the people's court.
管理人由人民法院指定。第二十二条
If the creditors' meeting deems the administrator incapable of performing its/his/her duties in a lawful and impartial manner or deems that there are other circumstances that would prevent
it/him/her from doing so competently, it may apply to the people's court to replace it/him/her. 债权人会议认为管理人不能依法、公正执行职务或者有其他不能胜任职务情形的，可以申请人民法院予以更换。
The measures for the appointment of an administrator and determination of the administrator's remuneration shall be formulated by the Supreme People's Court.
指定管理人和确定管理人报酬的办法，由最高人民法院规定。
Article 23: The administrator shall perform its/his/her duties in accordance with this Law, report on its/his/her work to the people's court and shall be subject to the supervision of the creditors' meeting and creditors' committee.
管理人依照本法规定执行职务，向人民法院报告工作，并接受债权人会议和债权人委员会的监督。The administrator shall attend creditors' meetings in a non-voting capacity, report on the performance of its/his/her duties to the creditors and respond to their queries.
管理人应当列席债权人会议，向债权人会议报告职务执行情况，并回答询问。
Article 24: The liquidation committee composed of personnel from relevant departments and agencies or an intermediary organization established in accordance with the law, such as a law firm, accounting firm, bankruptcy liquidation firm, etc. may serve as administrator.
管理人可以由有关部门、机构的人员组成的清算组或者依法设立的律师事务所、会计师事务所、破产
清算事务所等社会中介机构担任。第二十四条
The people's court may, depending on the actual circumstances of the debtor and after seeking
the opinions of the relevant intermediary organization, appoint a member of such organization with the requisite professional knowledge and professional qualifications to serve as administrator. 人民法院根据债务人的实际情况，可以在征询有关社会中介机构的意见后，指定该机构具备相关专业
知识并取得执业资格的人员担任管理人。
A person may not serve as administrator if:
有下列情形之一的，不得担任管理人：
(1) he/she intentionally committed a crime and received a criminal sentence therefor;
(一) 因故意犯罪受过刑事处罚；
(2) he/she has had his/her professional qualifications revoked;
(二) 曾被吊销相关专业执业証书；
(3) he/she has a material interest in the case; or
(三) 与本案有利害关系；
(4) he/she is characterized by other circumstances that the people's court deems make him/her unfit to serve as administrator.
(四) 人民法院认为不宜担任管理人的其他情形。
If an individual serves as administrator, he/she shall take out practice liability insurance.
个人担任管理人的，应当参加执业责任保险。
Article 25: The administrator shall perform the following duties and responsibilities:
管理人履行下列职责：第二十五条
(1) take custody of the debtor's property, stamps, account books, documents and other such materials;
(一) 接管债务人的财产、印章和账簿、文书等资料；
(2) investigate the status of the debtor's property and prepare a report thereon;
(二) 调查债务人财产状况，制作财产状况报告；
(3) decide on the debtor's internal management affairs;
(三) 决定债务人的内部管理事务；
(4) decide on the debtor's day-to-day expenditures and other necessary expenditures;
(四) 决定债务人的日常开支和其他必要开支；
(5) before the first creditors' meeting, decide on whether to continue or suspend the debtor's operations;
(五) 在第一次债权人会议召开之前，决定继续或者停止债务人的营业；
(6) manage and dispose of the debtor's property;
(六) 管理和处分债务人的财产；
(7) represent the debtor in legal actions, arbitration procedures and other legal procedures;
(七) 代表债务人参加诉讼、仲裁或者其他法律程序；
(8) propose the holding of creditors' meetings; and
(八) 提议召开债权人会议；
(9) other duties and responsibilities that the people's court requires the administrator to perform.
(九) 人民法院认为管理人应当履行的其他职责。
If this law provides otherwise, concerning the duties and responsibilities of the administrator, such provisions shall apply.
本法对管理人的职责另有规定的，适用其规定。
Article 26: If the administrator decides to continue or suspend the debtor's operations or carries out any of the acts specified in Article 69 hereof before the first creditors' meeting, it/he/she shall obtain the permission of the people's court therefor.
在第一次债权人会议召开之前，管理人决定继续或者停止债务人的营业或者有本法第六十九条规定行
为之一的，应当经人民法院许可。第二十六条
Article 27: The administrator shall act with due diligence and faithfully perform its/his/her duties. 管理人应当勤勉尽责，忠实执行职务。第二十七条
Article 28: Subject to the permission of the people's court, the administrator may engage necessary working personnel.
管理人经人民法院许可，可以聘用必要的工作人员。第二十八条
The remuneration of the administrator shall be determined by the people's court. If the creditors' meeting objects to the remuneration of the administrator, it shall have the right to make the same known to the people's court.
管理人的报酬由人民法院确定。债权人会议对管理人的报酬有异议的，有权向人民法院提出。
Article 29: The administrator may not resign without just cause. The resignation of the administrator shall be subject to the permission of the people's court.
管理人没有正当理由不得辞去职务。管理人辞去职务应当经人民法院许可。第二十九条
PART FOUR: PROPERTY OF THE DEBTOR
债务人财产第四章
Article 30: All of the property belonging to the debtor at the time of the acceptance of the bankruptcy petition and the property obtained by it during the period between the acceptance of the bankruptcy petition and the conclusion of the bankruptcy procedure is property of the debtor. 破产申请受理时属于债务人的全部财产，以及破产申请受理后至破产程序终结前债务人取得的财产，
为债务人财产。第三十条
Article 31: The administrator shall have the right to petition the people's court to revoke any of the following actions involving the property of the debtor taken during the year prior to the people's court's acceptance of the bankruptcy petition:
人民法院受理破产申请前一年内，涉及债务人财产的下列行为，管理人有权请求人民法院予以撤销：
(1) transfers of property without consideration;
(一) 无偿转让财产的；
(2) transactions carried out at markedly unreasonable prices;
(二) 以明显不合理的价格进行交易的；
(3) the provision of property-backed security for debts not secured by property;
(三) 对没有财产担保的债务提供财产担保的；
(4) early discharges of debts that have not fallen due; and
(四) 对未到期的债务提前清偿的；
(5) renouncements of claims.
(五) 放弃债权的。
Article 32: If the debtor is characterized by the circumstance specified in the first paragraph of Article 2 hereof and was still discharging debts to individual creditors within the six months prior to the people's court's acceptance of the bankruptcy petition, the administrator shall have the right to petition the people's court to revoke the same, unless such individual discharges of debts were or are beneficial to the property of the debtor.
人民法院受理破产申请前六个月内，债务人有本法第二条第一款规定的情形，仍对个别债权人进行清偿的，管理人有权请求人民法院予以撤销。但是，个别清偿使债务人财产受益的除外。第三十二条
Article 33: The following acts involving the property of the debtor shall be invalid:
涉及债务人财产的下列行为无效：第三十三条
(1) the concealment or transfer of property to avoid debts; or
(一) 为逃避债务而隐匿、转移财产的；
(2) the fabrication of debts or the acknowledgement of debts that are not genuine.
(二) 虚构债务或者承认不真实的债务的。
Article 34: The administrator shall have the right to recover property of the debtor obtained as a result of the acts specified in Article 31, 32 or 33 hereof.
因本法第三十一条、第三十二条或者第三十三条规定的行为而取得的债务人的财产，管理人有权追回。
Article 35: If the investors in the debtor have not fully performed their capital contribution obligations at the time the people's court accepts the bankruptcy petition, the administrator shall require such investors to pay in the capital contributions for which they have subscribed, irrespective of the deadlines for such capital contributions.
人民法院受理破产申请后，债务人的出资人尚未完全履行出资义务的，管理人应当要求该出资人缴纳所认缴的出资，而不受出资期限的限制。第三十五条
Article 36: The administrator shall recover irregular income that was obtained from the enterprise and enterprise property that was misappropriated by the directors, supervisors or senior management personnel of the debtor by using their authority.
债务人的董事、监事和高级管理人员利用职权从企业获取的非正常收入和侵占的企业财产，管理人应当追回。第三十六条
Article 37: The administrator may, after the people's court accepts the bankruptcy petition, recover an item subject to a pledge or lien by discharging the debt or providing security acceptable to the creditor.
人民法院受理破产申请后，管理人可以通过清偿债务或者提供为债权人接受的担保，取回质物、留置物。第三十七条
With respect to the debt discharge or substitute security specified in the preceding paragraph, if the value of the item subject to a pledge or lien is less than the amount of the secured claim, the same shall be limited to the then market value of the item subject to a pledge or lien.
前款规定的债务清偿或者替代担保，在质物或者留置物的价值低于被担保的债权额时，以该质物或者留置物当时的市场价值为限。
Article 38: If, after the people's court accepts the bankruptcy petition, the debtor is in possession of property not belonging to it, the holder of the rights in such property may recover the same through the administrator, unless otherwise specified in this Law.
人民法院受理破产申请后，债务人占有的不属于债务人的财产，该财产的权利人可以通过管理人取回。但是，本法另有规定的除外。第三十八条
Article 39: If, at the time of the people's court's acceptance of the bankruptcy petition, a seller has shipped the subject matter of a transaction to the debtor, who was then acting as buyer, and the debtor has not received the same or paid in full the price therefor, the seller may recover the subject matter in transit. However, the administrator may pay the entire price thereof and require the seller to deliver the subject matter.
人民法院受理破产申请时，出卖人已将买卖标的物向作为买受人的债务人发运，债务人尚未收到且未付清全部价款的，出卖人可以取回在运途中的标的物。但是，管理人可以支付全部价款，请求出卖人交付标的物。第三十九条
Article 40: If a creditor was in debt to the debtor prior to the acceptance of the bankruptcy petition, it may make a request to the administrator that the same be set off. However, the same may not be set off if:
债权人在破产申请受理前对债务人负有债务的，可以向管理人主张抵销。但是，有下列情形之一的，不得抵销：第四十条
(1) the debtor of the debtor obtained the claim against the debtor from a third party after the acceptance of the bankruptcy petition;
(一) 债务人的债务人在破产申请受理后取得他人对债务人的债权的；
(2) the creditor incurred the debt to the debtor despite being aware that the debtor was insolvent or being aware of the fact of the bankruptcy petition, unless the creditor incurred such debt by law or due to a reason that arose one year prior to the bankruptcy petition; or
(二) 债权人已知债务人有不能清偿到期债务或者破产申请的事实，对债务人负担债务的；但是，债权人因为法律规定或者有破产申请一年前所发生的原因而负担债务的除外；
(3) the debtor of the debtor obtained the claim against the debtor despite being aware that the debtor was insolvent or being aware of the fact of the bankruptcy petition, unless the debtor of the debtor obtained such claim by law or due to a reason that arose one year prior to the bankruptcy petition.
(三) 债务人的债务人已知债务人有不能清偿到期债务或者破产申请的事实，对债务人取得债权的；但是，债务人的债务人因为法律规定或者有破产申请一年前所发生的原因而取得债权的除外。
PART FIVE: BANKRUPTCY EXPENSES AND DEBTS OF COMMON INTEREST
破产费用和共益债务第五章
Article 41: The following expenses incurred after the people's court accepts the bankruptcy petition are bankruptcy expenses:
人民法院受理破产申请后发生的下列费用，为破产费用：第四十一条
(1) court costs in the bankruptcy case;
(一) 破产案件的诉讼费用；
(2) the expenses for managing, selling and distributing the property of the debtor; and
(二) 管理、变价和分配债务人财产的费用；
(3) the expenses incurred by the administrator in performing its/his/her duties, its/his/her remuneration and the expenses for engaging working personnel.
(三) 管理人执行职务的费用、报酬和聘用工作人员的费用。
Article 42: The following debts incurred after the people's court accepts the bankruptcy petition are debts of common interest:
人民法院受理破产申请后发生的下列债务，为共益债务：第四十二条
(1) the debts incurred in connection with the administrator or debtor requiring counterparties to perform contracts the performance of which has not been completed by the parties thereto;
(一) 因管理人或者债务人请求对方当事人履行双方均未履行完毕的合同所产生的债务；
(2) debts incurred in connection with the property of the debtor other than those relating to the management thereof;
(二) 债务人财产受无因管理所产生的债务；
(3) debts incurred in connection with improper gains obtained by the debtor;
(三) 因债务人不当得利所产生的债务；
(4) the labour remuneration and social insurance premiums payable by the debtor to continue operations and other debts arising as a result thereof;
(四) 为债务人继续营业而应支付的劳动报酬和社会保险费用以及由此产生的其他债务；
(5) debts arising from injuries to persons caused by the performance by the administrator and relevant persons of their duties; and
(五) 管理人或者相关人员执行职务致人损害所产生的债务；
(6) debts arising from injuries to persons caused by the property of the debtor.
(六) 债务人财产致人损害所产生的债务。
Article 43: The bankruptcy expenses and debts of common interest shall be discharged from the property of the debtor as they arise.
破产费用和共益债务由债务人财产随时清偿。第四十三条
Where the property of the debtor is insufficient to discharge all of the bankruptcy expenses and the debts of common interest, it shall first be applied to the discharge of the bankruptcy expenses. 债务人财产不足以清偿所有破产费用和共益债务的，先行清偿破产费用。
Where the property of the debtor is insufficient to discharge all of the bankruptcy expenses or all of the debts of common interest, such expenses or debts shall be discharged pro rata.
债务人财产不足以清偿所有破产费用或者共益债务的，按照比例清偿。
If the property of the debtor is insufficient to discharge the bankruptcy expenses, the administrator shall petition the people's court to terminate the bankruptcy procedure. The
people's court shall render a ruling to terminate the bankruptcy procedure within 15 days from the date of receipt of the petition and announce the same.
债务人财产不足以清偿破产费用的，管理人应当提请人民法院终结破产程序。人民法院应当自收到请求之日起十五日内裁定终结破产程序，并予以公告。
PART SIX: FILING OF CLAIMS
债权申报第六章
Article 44: Creditors who have claims against the debtor at the time the people's court accepts the bankruptcy petition shall exercise their rights in accordance with the procedure specified in this Law.
人民法院受理破产申请时对债务人享有债权的债权人，依照本法规定的程序行使权利。第四十四条Article 45: Once it has accepted the bankruptcy petition, the people's court shall determine the deadline for creditors to file their claims. The period for filing claims shall count from the date of publication by the people's court of the announcement of its acceptance of the bankruptcy petition and shall at minimum last for 30 days and at maximum for three months.
人民法院受理破产申请后，应当确定债权人申报债权的期限。债权申报期限自人民法院发布受理破产申请公告之日起计算，最短不得少于三十日，最长不得超过三个月。第四十五条
Article 46: Unmatured claims shall be deemed to have fallen due at the time of acceptance of the bankruptcy petition.
未到期的债权，在破产申请受理时视为到期。第四十六条
Interest on interest-bearing claims shall cease to accrue thereon at the time of acceptance of the bankruptcy petition.
附利息的债权自破产申请受理时起停止计息。
Article 47: Creditors may file conditional claims, claims subject to time limits and claims pending in legal actions and arbitration procedures.
附条件、附期限的债权和诉讼、仲裁未决的债权，债权人可以申报。第四十七条
Article 48: Creditors shall file their claims with the administrator during the period for filing claims determined by the people's court.
债权人应当在人民法院确定的债权申报期限内向管理人申报债权。第四十八条
The wages, medical and disability subsidies and support owed to staff and workers and their families by the debtor, the basic old age insurance and basic medical insurance premiums payable into the individual accounts of the staff and workers and owed by the debtor and the compensation payable to the staff and workers in accordance with laws and administrative regulations need not be filed. Following its/his/her investigation, the administrator shall draw up a list thereof and announce the same. If a staff member or worker has an objection to the list,
he/she may ask the administrator to correct the same. If the administrator does not make the correction, the staff member or worker may institute a legal action in the people's court.
债务人所欠职工的工资和医疗、伤残补助、抚恤费用，所欠的应当划入职工个人账户的基本养老保险、基本医疗保险费用，以及法律、行政法规规定应当支付给职工的补偿金，不必申报，由管理人调查后列出清单并予以公示。职工对清单记载有异议的，可以要求管理人更正；管理人不予更正的，职工可以向人民法院提起诉讼。
Article 49: When filing its claim, a creditor shall state in writing the amount of such claim and whether or not there is property-backed security and submit relevant evidence. If the filed claim is a joint claim, the same shall be stated.
债权人申报债权时，应当书面说明债权的数额和有无财产担保，并提交有关証据。申报的债权是连带债权的，应当说明。第四十九条
Article 50: The claim of joint claimants may be filed by one among them acting as representative for all of the joint claimants or may be jointly filed by them.
连带债权人可以由其中一人代表全体连带债权人申报债权，也可以共同申报债权。第五十条
Article 51: If the guarantor of the debtor or another debtor bearing joint and several liability has discharged a debt on behalf of the debtor, it shall file its claim on the basis of its right to seek reimbursement from the debtor.
债务人的保証人或者其他连带债务人已经代替债务人清偿债务的，以其对债务人的求偿权申报债权。第五十一条
If the guarantor of the debtor or another debtor bearing joint and several liability has not discharged a debt on behalf of the debtor, it shall file its claim on the basis of its future right to seek reimbursement from the debtor, unless the creditor has already filed all of its claims with the administrator.
债务人的保証人或者其他连带债务人尚未代替债务人清偿债务的，以其对债务人的将来求偿权申报债权。但是，债权人已经向管理人申报全部债权的除外。
Article 52: If a ruling is rendered stating that multiple debtors bearing joint and several liability shall each be subject to the procedure specified in this Law, their creditors shall have the right to file all of their claims in each of the bankruptcy cases.
连带债务人数人被裁定适用本法规定的程序的，其债权人有权就全部债权分别在各破产案件中申报债权。第五十二条
Article 53: If the administrator or the debtor terminates a contract pursuant to this Law, the counterparty shall file its claim on the basis of its right to claim damages incurred as a result of the termination of the contract.
管理人或者债务人依照本法规定解除合同的，对方当事人以因合同解除所产生的损害赔偿请求权申报债权。第五十三条
Article 54: If the debtor is the entrusting party to an entrustment contract and a ruling is rendered stating that it shall be subject to the procedure specified in this Law, and the entrusted party is unaware of such fact and continues to discharge the entrusted matter, it shall file its claim on the basis of its right of claim arising therefrom.
债务人是委托合同的委托人，被裁定适用本法规定的程序，受托人不知该事实，继续处理委托事务的，受托人以由此产生的请求权申报债权。第五十四条
Article 55: If the debtor is the issuer of a note and a ruling is rendered stating that it shall be subject to the procedure specified in this Law, and the payer of such note continues payment or acceptance, it shall file its claim on the basis of its right of claim arising therefrom.
债务人是票据的出票人，被裁定适用本法规定的程序，该票据的付款人继续付款或者承兑的，付款人以由此产生的请求权申报债权。第五十五条
Article 56: If a creditor fails to file its claim during the period for filing claims determined by the people's court, it may file a late claim before the final distribution of the property in bankruptcy, however, no supplementary distribution shall be made to it from any previous distributions. The expenses incurred for examining and confirming such late claim filing shall be borne by the party that filed its claim late.
在人民法院确定的债权申报期限内，债权人未申报债权的，可以在破产财产最后分配前补充申报；但是，此前已进行的分配，不再对其补充分配。为审查和确认补充申报债权的费用，由补充申报人承
担。第五十六条
If a creditor fails to file its claim in accordance with this Law, it may not exercise its rights in accordance with the procedure specified in this Law.
债权人未依照本法规定申报债权的，不得依照本法规定的程序行使权利。
Article 57: After it/he/she receives the claim filing materials, the administrator shall record the same, combine the same, examine the claims that have been filed and prepare a list of the claims. 管理人收到债权申报材料后，应当登记造册，对申报的债权进行审查，并编制债权表。第五十七条The list of claims and the claim filing materials shall be kept by the administrator and made available for review by materially interested parties.
债权表和债权申报材料由管理人保存，供利害关系人查阅。
Article 58: The list of claims prepared in accordance with Article 57 hereof shall be submitted to the first creditors' meeting for verification.
依照本法第五十七条规定编制的债权表，应当提交第一次债权人会议核查。第五十八条
If the debtor and creditors have no objections to the claims recorded in the list of claims, the people's court shall rule to confirm the same.
债务人、债权人对债权表记载的债权无异议的，由人民法院裁定确认。
If the debtor or a creditor has an objection to the claims recorded in the list of claims, it may institute a legal action in the people's court that accepted the bankruptcy petition.
债务人、债权人对债权表记载的债权有异议的，可以向受理破产申请的人民法院提起诉讼。
PART SEVEN: CREDITORS' MEETING
债权人会议第七章
Section One: General Provisions
一般规定第一节
Article 59: The creditors that filed their claims in accordance with the law comprise the members of the creditors' meeting, and shall have the right to attend and vote at creditors' meetings.
依法申报债权的债权人为债权人会议的成员，有权参加债权人会议，享有表决权。第五十九条Creditors whose claims have not been determined may not exercise their voting rights except to the extent that the people's court exercises voting rights on their behalf and provisionally determines the amounts of their claims.
债权尚未确定的债权人，除人民法院能够为其行使表决权而临时确定债权额的外，不得行使表决权。
Creditors that enjoy security rights over specific property of the debtor shall not enjoy voting rights with respect to the matters specified in Items (7) and (10) of the first paragraph of Article 61 hereof unless they have waived their right to priority in obtaining payment.
对债务人的特定财产享有担保权的债权人，未放弃优先受偿权利的，对于本法第六十一条第一款第七项、第十项规定的事项不享有表决权。
Creditors may appoint proxies to attend creditors' meetings and exercise their voting rights on their behalf. When a proxy attends a creditors' meeting, he/she shall submit his/her power of attorney from the creditor to the people's court or the chairperson of the creditors' meeting.
债权人可以委托代理人出席债权人会议，行使表决权。代理人出席债权人会议，应当向人民法院或者债权人会议主席提交债权人的授权委托书。
Creditors' meetings shall be joined by representatives of the debtor's staff and workers and the labour union to express their opinions on relevant matters.
债权人会议应当有债务人的职工和工会的代表参加，对有关事项发表意见。
Article 60: The creditors' meeting shall have a chairperson who shall be designated by the people's court from among the creditors with voting rights.
债权人会议设主席一人，由人民法院从有表决权的债权人中指定。第六十条
The chairperson of the creditors' meeting shall preside over creditors' meetings.
债权人会议主席主持债权人会议。
Article 61: The creditors' meeting shall exercise the following functions and powers:
债权人会议行使下列职权：第六十一条
(1) verifying claims;
(一) 核查债权；
(2) applying to the people's court to replace the administrator, and examining the administrator's expenses and remuneration;
(二) 申请人民法院更换管理人，审查管理人的费用和报酬；
(3) supervising the administrator;
(三) 监督管理人；
(4) electing and replacing members of the creditors' committee;
(四) 选任和更换债权人委员会成员；
(5) deciding on whether to continue or suspend the debtor's operations;
(五) 决定继续或者停止债务人的营业；
(6) adopting restructuring plans;
(六) 通过重整计划；
(7) adopting settlement agreements;
(七) 通过和解协议；
(8) adopting plans to manage the property of the debtor;
(八) 通过债务人财产的管理方案；
(9) adopting plans to sell the property in bankruptcy;
(九) 通过破产财产的变价方案；
(10) adopting plans to distribute the property in bankruptcy; and
(十) 通过破产财产的分配方案；
(11) other functions and powers that the people's court deems ought to be exercised by the creditors' meeting.
(十一) 人民法院认为应当由债权人会议行使的其他职权。
Minutes shall be kept of the resolutions on the matters deliberated at creditors' meetings.
债权人会议应当对所议事项的决议作成会议记录。
Article 62: The first creditors' meeting shall be convened by the people's court and held within 15 days from the date of expiration of the claim filing period.
第一次债权人会议由人民法院召集，自债权申报期限届满之日起十五日内召开。第六十二条Subsequent creditors' meeting shall be held when deemed necessary by the people's court or when proposed to the chairperson of the creditors' meeting by the administrator, the creditors' committee or creditors accounting for one-quarter or more of the total amount of the claims.
以后的债权人会议，在人民法院认为必要时，或者管理人、债权人委员会、占债权总额四分之一以上
的债权人向债权人会议主席提议时召开。
Article 63: When a creditors' meeting is to be held, the administrator shall notify the known creditors 15 days in advance.
召开债权人会议，管理人应当提前十五日通知已知的债权人。第六十三条
Article 64: Resolutions of the creditors' meeting shall require a majority of the creditors with voting rights present at the meeting for adoption, furthermore, the amount of the claims represented by such creditors must account for one-half or more of the total amount of claims not secured by property, unless otherwise specified in this Law.
债权人会议的决议，由出席会议的有表决权的债权人过半数通过，并且其所代表的债权额占无财产担
保债权总额的二分之一以上。但是，本法另有规定的除外。第六十四条
If a creditor is of the opinion that a resolution of the creditors' meeting violates the law and harms its interests, it may, within 15 days from the date on which the creditors' meeting adopted the resolution, petition the people's court to render a ruling revoking such resolution and order the creditors' meeting to adopt a new resolution in accordance with the law.
债权人认为债权人会议的决议违反法律规定，损害其利益的，可以自债权人会议作出决议之日起十五
日内，请求人民法院裁定撤销该决议，责令债权人会议依法重新作出决议。
Resolutions of the creditors' meeting shall be binding on all of the creditors.
债权人会议的决议，对于全体债权人均有约束力。
Article 65: If the matter specified in Item (8) or (9) of the first paragraph of Article 61 hereof is not adopted after a vote of the creditors' meeting, the people's court shall render a ruling thereon. 本法第六十一条第一款第八项、第九项所列事项，经债权人会议表决未通过的，由人民法院裁定。第六十五条
If the matter specified in Item (10) of the first paragraph of Article 61 is not adopted after two rounds of voting by the creditors' meeting, the people's court shall render a ruling thereon.
本法第六十一条第一款第十项所列事项，经债权人会议二次表决仍未通过的，由人民法院裁定。
The people's court may announce the rulings specified in the preceding two paragraphs at a creditors' meeting or separately notify the creditors thereof.
对前两款规定的裁定，人民法院可以在债权人会议上宣布或者另行通知债权人。
Article 66: If a creditor is dissatisfied with a ruling rendered by the people's court pursuant to the first paragraph of Article 65 hereof, or if creditors whose claim amounts account for one-half or more of the total amount of claims not secured by property are dissatisfied with the ruling rendered by the people's court pursuant to the second paragraph of Article 65 hereof, it/they may apply, within 15 days of the date of the announcement of the ruling or receipt of the notice, to the people's court for review. Enforcement of the ruling shall not be stayed during the period of review.
债权人对人民法院依照本法第六十五条第一款作出的裁定不服的，债权额占无财产担保债权总额二分之一以上的债权人对人民法院依照本法第六十五条第二款作出的裁定不服的，可以自裁定宣布之日或者收到通知之日起十五日内向该人民法院申请复议。复议期间不停止裁定的执行。第六十六条
Section Two: Creditors' Committee
债权人委员会第二节
Article 67: The creditors' meeting may decide to establish a creditors' committee. The creditors' committee shall be comprised of representatives of the creditors elected by the creditors' meeting and a representative of the debtor's staff and workers or the labour union. The creditors' committee may not exceed nine members in number.
债权人会议可以决定设立债权人委员会。债权人委员会由债权人会议选任的债权人代表和一名债务人的职工代表或者工会代表组成。债权人委员会成员不得超过九人。第六十七条
The members of the creditors' committee shall be subject to the approval of the written decision of the people's court.
债权人委员会成员应当经人民法院书面决定认可。
Article 68: The creditors' committee shall exercise the following functions and powers:
债权人委员会行使下列职权：第六十八条
(1) supervising the management and disposal of the property of the debtor;
(一) 监督债务人财产的管理和处分；
(2) supervising the distribution of the property in bankruptcy;
(二) 监督破产财产分配；
(3) proposing the convening of creditors' meetings; and
(三) 提议召开债权人会议；
(4) other functions and powers delegated to it by the creditors' meeting.
(四) 债权人会议委托的其他职权。
When performing its duties, the creditors' committee shall have the right to require the administrator and the relevant persons of the debtor to provide explanations of matters falling within their purview or provide relevant documents.
债权人委员会执行职务时，有权要求管理人、债务人的有关人员对其职权范围内的事务作出说明或者提供有关文件。
If the administrator or the relevant persons of the debtor violate this law by refusing to accept supervision, the creditors' committee shall have the right to petition the people's court for a decision concerning supervisory matters. The people's court shall render its decision within five days.
管理人、债务人的有关人员违反本法规定拒绝接受监督的，债权人委员会有权就监督事项请求人民法院作出决定；人民法院应当在五日内作出决定。
Article 69: If the administrator carries out any of the following acts, it/he/she shall report the same to the creditors' committee in a timely manner:
管理人实施下列行为，应当及时报告债权人委员会：第六十九条
(1) transferring rights and interests in immovable property such as land, premises, etc.;
(一) 涉及土地、房屋等不动产权益的转让；
(2) transferring property rights such as exploration rights, mining rights, intellectual property rights, etc.;
(二) 探矿权、采矿权、知识产权等财产权的转让；
(3) transferring of all stock or operations;
(三) 全部库存或者营业的转让；
(4) taking out loans;
(四) 借款；
(5) creating collateral;
(五) 设定财产担保；
(6) transferring claims or negotiable securities;
(六) 债权和有价証券的转让；
(7) performing a contract the performance of which has not been completed by the debtor and the counterparty;
(七) 履行债务人和对方当事人均未履行完毕的合同；
(8) waiving a right;
(八) 放弃权利；
(9) recovering a collateral; or
(九) 担保物的取回；
(10) carrying out another act of property disposal that has a material impact on the interests of the creditors.
(十) 对债权人利益有重大影响的其他财产处分行为。
If no creditors' committee is established and the administrator carries out any of the acts specified in the preceding paragraph, he/she shall report the same to the people's court in a timely manner. 未设立债权人委员会的，管理人实施前款规定的行为应当及时报告人民法院。
PART EIGHT: RESTRUCTURING
重整第八章
Section One: Restructuring Petition and
Restructuring Period
重整申请和重整期间第一节
Article 70: Either the debtor or a creditor may directly petition the people's court in accordance with this Law to restructure the debtor.
债务人或者债权人可以依照本法规定，直接向人民法院申请对债务人进行重整。第七十条
If a creditor has petitioned for the bankruptcy liquidation of the debtor, the debtor or an investor whose capital contribution accounts for 10% or more of the debtor's registered capital may, during the period between the people's court's acceptance of the bankruptcy petition and the declaration of the bankruptcy of the debtor, petition the people's court for restructuring.
债权人申请对债务人进行破产清算的，在人民法院受理破产申请后、宣告债务人破产前，债务人或者出资额占债务人注册资本十分之一以上的出资人，可以向人民法院申请重整。
Article 71: If, after examination, the people's court holds that the petition for restructuring complies with this Law, it shall render a ruling to restructure the debtor and announce the same. 人民法院经审查认为重整申请符合本法规定的，应当裁定债务人重整，并予以公告。第七十一条Article 72: The period between the date on which the people's court renders the ruling to restructure the debtor and the termination of the restructuring procedure is the restructuring period.
自人民法院裁定债务人重整之日起至重整程序终止，为重整期间。第七十二条
Article 73: Upon an application by the debtor and subject to the approval of the people's court, the debtor may, during the restructuring period, manage its property and business matters itself under the supervision of the administrator.
在重整期间，经债务人申请，人民法院批准，债务人可以在管理人的监督下自行管理财产和营业事务。第七十三条
If the circumstance specified in the preceding paragraph arises and if the administrator has, pursuant to this Law, already taken custody of the debtor's property and business matters,
it/he/she shall hand over such property and business matters to the debtor and the functions and powers of the administrator as specified in this Law shall be exercised by the debtor.
有前款规定情形的，依照本法规定已接管债务人财产和营业事务的管理人应当向债务人移交财产和营业事务，本法规定的管理人的职权由债务人行使。
Article 74: If the administrator is responsible for managing the property and business matters,
it/he/she may appoint the operation and management personnel of the debtor to be in charge of the business matters.
管理人负责管理财产和营业事务的，可以聘任债务人的经营管理人员负责营业事务。第七十四条
Article 75: During the restructuring period, the exercise of the security rights enjoyed over specific property of the debtor shall be suspended. However, if there is a possibility that the collateral could be damaged or that its value could decrease markedly, such that the rights of the security holder would be harmed, such security holder may petition the people's court to permit it to resume the exercise of its security rights.
在重整期间，对债务人的特定财产享有的担保权暂停行使。但是，担保物有损坏或者价值明显减少的可能，足以危害担保权人权利的，担保权人可以向人民法院请求恢复行使担保权。第七十五条
If the borrower or the administrator intends to take out a loan during the restructuring period to continue operations, security may be created for such loan.
在重整期间，债务人或者管理人为继续营业而借款的，可以为该借款设定担保。
Article 76: If the debtor lawfully has another party's property in its possession and the holder of the rights in such property seeks recovery of the same during the restructuring period, such recovery shall comply with the previously agreed upon conditions.
债务人合法占有的他人财产，该财产的权利人在重整期间要求取回的，应当符合事先约定的条件。第七十六条
Article 77: During the restructuring period, the investors in the debtor may not request the distribution of returns on investment.
在重整期间，债务人的出资人不得请求投资收益分配。第七十七条
During the restructuring period, the debtor's directors, supervisors and senior management personnel may not transfer to a third party or parties the equity of the debtor held by them, unless consented to by the people's court.
在重整期间，债务人的董事、监事、高级管理人员不得向第三人转让其持有的债务人的股权。但是，
经人民法院同意的除外。
Article 78: If, during the restructuring period, any of the circumstances set forth below arises,
the people's court shall, upon a petition by the administrator or a materially interested party, rule to terminate the restructuring procedure and declare the debtor bankrupt:
在重整期间，有下列情形之一的，经管理人或者利害关系人请求，人民法院应当裁定终止重整程序，
并宣告债务人破产：第七十八条
(1) the debtor's business position and the status of its property continue to deteriorate and there is little prospect of a turnaround;
(一) 债务人的经营状况和财产状况继续恶化，缺乏挽救的可能性；
(2) the debtor engages in fraud, reduces its property in bad faith or commits other acts that are clearly adverse to the creditors; or
(二) 债务人有欺诈、恶意减少债务人财产或者其他显著不利于债权人的行为；
(3) the administrator is unable to perform his/her duties due to acts by the debtor.
(三) 由于债务人的行为致使管理人无法执行职务。
Section Two: Formulation and Approval of the Restructuring Plan
重整计划的制定和批准第二节
Article 79: The debtor or the administrator shall submit a draft restructuring plan simultaneously to the people's court and the creditors' meeting within six months from the date on which the people's court rendered its ruling to restructure the debtor.
债务人或者管理人应当自人民法院裁定债务人重整之日起六个月内，同时向人民法院和债权人会议提
交重整计划草案。第七十九条
At the expiration of the period specified in the preceding paragraph, the people's court may, at the request of the debtor or the administrator, render a ruling extending such period by three months if there are legitimate grounds therefor.
前款规定的期限届满，经债务人或者管理人请求，有正当理由的，人民法院可以裁定延期三个月。
If the debtor or the administrator fails to submit the draft restructuring plan by the deadline, the people's court shall rule to terminate the restructuring procedure and declare the debtor bankrupt. 债务人或者管理人未按期提出重整计划草案的，人民法院应当裁定终止重整程序，并宣告债务人破
产。