高考名词经典练习题

高考名词经典练习题

一、单项选择名词

1．—The trip to Yangzhou is impressive thanks to free access to tourist attractions, isn’t it?— Well, free access is just an added _____ and the real attraction lies in its local-flavor food. A．bonus B．charge C．reward D．prize

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。A. bonus奖金，红利；额外令人高兴的事情；B. charge 费用，控告；C. reward报酬；D. prize奖品。句意：—扬州之旅令人印象深刻，因为可以免费进入旅游景点，不是吗?—嗯，免费进入只是一个额外的好处，真正吸引人的是它的地方风味食品。故选A。

2．事故现场

Scenery:指某地总的自然景色或风景全貌。

Sight:既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，多指人工的事物，又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数。

View:1.常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分，有时可与scene互换。

2.视野=sight

3.观点跟opinion同义。

根据本句句意可知，D选项正确。

3．场景、场面 ( 着重人物的活动)

4．An advantage of living on the top floor of a high rise building is that you can get a good

_________.

A．scene B．scenery

C．sight D．view

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：住在高楼大厦顶层的优点是你能看很好地欣赏风景。A. scene 情景B. scenery景色 C. sight 景象 D. view风景。view“风景”普遍用语,指从某个角度所看到的风景。根据句意，故D选项正确。

【点睛】

Scene:1. 某地的景色、风景，指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分

5．His conflicted with that of the other witnesses and yet his story had, for me, the ring of truth.

A．expectation B．instruction

C．response D．account

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：他的叙述与其他目击者讲的有矛盾。然而在我看来，他所说的有可能是真的。A. expectation期望；B. instruction指示；C. response 回应 ;D. account陈述。由“yet his story”可知，account符合句意。故D选项正确。

6． attention to surrounding traffic is a(n) to accidents.

A．Drivers not paying; invitation B．Drivers’ not paying; invitation

C．Drivers not paying; cause D．Drivers’ not paying; cause

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查动名词和名词。句意：司机不注意周围的交通会引起事故。此处是动名词的否定形式作主语，且逻辑主语是名词所有格形式，所以第一个空应填Drivers’ not paying；第二个空，an invitation to“------的一个邀请”，结合句意此空填invitation。故选B。

7．Because of the heavy snow, the researchers failed to reach their ________ on time as expected.

A．stage B．agreement

C．kingdom D．destination

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：由于大雪，研究人员未能如期到达目的地。A. stage阶段；B. agreement协议；C. kingdom王国；D. destination目的地，根据题意，故选D。

8．Computers cannot work without ______ from human beings.

A．expressions B．instructions

C．prescriptions D．introductions

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：没有人类的指令，计算机无法工作。A. expressions表达；B. instructions命令，指示；C. Prescriptions处方；D. introductions介绍。instructions“命令，指示”符合句意。故B选项正确。

9．Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect the extraordinary______ from them to help rebuild the economy.

A．category B．commitment C．component D．competence

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。A. category 种类； B. commitment承诺，保证； C. component成分，组件；

D. competence能力，胜任。句意：现在银行已经恢复了元气，我们希望他们能做出非凡的承诺，帮助重建经济。结合句意可知答案为B。

10．When people need information, from the news and weather forecasts to travel packages and academic research, the Internet is now the first______ they turn to.

A．privilege B．source C．assistance D．outcome

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。A. privilege特权； B. source来源； C. assistance帮助，援助； D. outcome

结果。句意：当人们需要信息时，从新闻和天气预报到旅游套餐和学术研究，互联网现在是他们求助的第一个来源。结合句意可知答案为B。

11．William， grandson of the Queen， said he would not expect or accept special______when he was considering joining the army．

A．treatment B．achievement

C．statement D．requirement

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：威廉王子，英国女王的孙子，说当他考虑参军的时候，他不会期待或者接受特别的对待。treatment治疗、对待，这里指跟其他士兵不同的对待；achievement成就； statement声明、陈述； requirement要求、需要，根据句意，故选A。

12．It is widely accepted that your babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to_____. A．awards B．prizes C．rewards D．results

【答案】C

【解析】

考查名词辨析。award 奖励 prize奖品 reward 回报；报酬 result结果根据意思，人们广泛地接受，孩子是因为他们的行为得到回报而学会做一些事情。

13．We can’t make out his ______ of the article because there are too many technical terms in it.

A．fiction B．abstract

C．claim D．principle

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：我们不能弄清楚他这篇文章的摘要，因为里面有太多的术语。A. fiction虚构类文学作品；B. abstract摘要；C. claim声称；D. principle原则。由“ article ”可知，abstract“摘要”符合句意。故B选项正确。

14．As for your ________ about the shoes, sir, I will speak to the person in charge and ask him either to give you another pair or to give your money back.

A．composition B．compromise C．complaint D．concept

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。A. composition作文； B. compromise妥协； C. complaint抱怨； D. concept 概念。句意：先生，关于你对这双鞋的投诉，我会和负责的人谈谈，让他要么给你另一双鞋，要么把钱还给你。complaint about“对------抱怨”，故选C。

15．The knowledge and skills the trainees have learned can help them make a clear _____ between what is right and wrong.

A．distance B．distinction C．donation D．defense

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。A. distance距离；B. distinction 区别，差别；C. donation 捐款；D. defense防卫，防护。句意：受训者所学到的知识和技能可以帮助他们区分对错。故选B。

16．Students and teachers gather together for a morning ______________ each Monday to attend the ceremony of raising the national flag.

A．inspection B．inscription

C．assembly D．commitment

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：每周一，学生和老师们齐聚一堂，参加升旗仪式。A. inspection检查；B. inscription题词；C. assembly集合；D. commitment承诺，根据题意，故选C。

17．This restaurant has become popular for its wide____________ of foods that suit all tastes

and pockets.

A．division B．area

C．range D．circle

【答案】C

【解析】

Crange范围。A项分歧，B项领域，D项圆圈，故只有c项符合题意。

18．This new phone is aimed at young people in the 18- 25 age ______ and in the eye of them, the product can ______ a message to other people that they are well-off.

A．range; deliver B．dimension; convey C．range; convey D．dimension; deliver 【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词和动词辨析。句意：这款新手机针对的是18- 25岁的年轻人，在他们眼中，这款产品可以向其他人传达一个信息，他们很富裕。短语in ...age range“在……年龄范围内”，故第一空应用range，dimension表示“尺寸；体积”；第二空中deliver表示“交付；递送”，convey表示“传达；传输”，结合句意故选C。

19．I expected to see her and was surprised by her ________.

A．existence B．absence C．entrance D．acceptance

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我原以为会见到她，没想到她不在。A. existence存在；B. absence缺席；C. entrance入口；D. acceptance接受。由“expected to see her, surprised ”可知，absence“缺席”符合句意。故选B项。

20．According to the bank rules released recently, you have to pay a 25% ________ on each cheque you cash.

A．admission B．pension

C．allowance D．commission

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据银行最近公布的规定，你每兑现一张支票必须付25%的手续费。A. admission承认；B. pension抚恤金； C. allowance津贴；D. commission佣金；手续费。兑现支票必须付25%的手续费。故答案为D。

21．It makes no ______ to me whether he will go to the city or not. Anyhow, I will go.

A．thing B．difference C．matter D．affair

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他去不去城里对我来说没什么影响。不管怎样，我都会去。A. thing事物； B. difference不同； C. matter事情，问题； D. affair事件，事务。

make no difference to对…无影响，符合句意，故选B。

22．When it comes to modern communication, network safety is always a major ______ . A．concern B．advantage C．opportunity D．solution

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：当涉及现代通信，网络安全一直是一个主要担心的问题。A. concern 关心；令人担忧的事实(或情况；B. advantage优势；C. opportunity机会；D. solution解决。网络安全一直是现代通信的一个主要担心的问题。故选A。

23．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health.

A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：我们都知道，饮食和健康之间有密切的联系。A. connection联系；B. evidence证据；C. power力量，能力；D. belief信念，信仰。此处指饮食和健康两者的联系，故选A。

24．It's difficult to guess what his ______ to the news would be.

A．reaction B．opinion C．comment D．impression

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：很难猜测他对这个消息会有什么反应。A. reaction反应；B. opinion

观点；C. comment评论；D. impression印象。分析句子可知，应是很难猜测他对消息的反应是什么。故选A。

25．You’ll find this map of great ________ in helping you to get around in London.

A．value B．effect C．concern D．vision

【答案】A

【解析】

考查名词词义辨析，句意：你将会发现这份地图在助你环游伦敦上的巨大价值。A. value价值，重要性；B. effect影响，效果，作用；C. concern关心，忧虑；D. vision视力，美景，想象力。综合句意，这份地图对于指明旅行方向是有帮助的，对游客而言有“价值”/是很重要的，故选A。

【点睛】

词义辨析的考查，可以很深入，因此单词学习不应浮于表面。本题容易误选B，因为仅凭中文释义，而认为地图在帮助环游伦敦上有“作用”/有“效果”，似乎也说得通。但假如我们查询effect对应的英文释义：1）The effect of one thing on another is the change that the first thing causes in the second thing. 2）The effects in a film are the specially created sounds and scenery. 我们就能发现词义辨析的重要性。实际上，effect在表示“作用，影响”方面，主要用于表达因果关系（cause and consequence），强调一个事物对另一个的影响，且贬义为多；而在effect表示“效果”方面，则以音响、舞台灯光、荧屏效果为主，在本题中显然均不适用。因此，吃透词义十分关键。

26．Have all the VIPs gone on _______ yet? The flight is taking off soon.

A．foot B．board C．duty D．sale

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的VIP都已经登记了吗？飞机马上要起飞了。A. foot脚；

B . board 木板；C. duty义务；D. sale销售。通过后句语境可知飞机马上要起飞了，因此前句使用on board“登机”切题。故选B项。

27．The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal is needed to better protect the environment.

A．currency B．framework C．allowance D．occupation

【答案】B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：会议上的报告详细分析了为什么需要一个新的法律框架来整好地保护环境。A. currency通货；B. framework框架；C. allowance津贴；D. occupation职业。根据语境和各选项分析可知，故B项正确。

28．There is really no obvious____that Justin was taken by aliens.

A．defense B．evidence C．effort D．arrangement

【答案】B

【解析】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有明显的证据显示贾斯汀是被外星人带走的A. defense 辩护；B. evidence 证据；C. effort 努力；D. arrangement 安排。obvious evidence“明显的证据”符合句意。且evidence后接that引导的同位语从句。故B选项正确。

29．At the meeting they discussed three different ________ to the study of mathematics. A．approaches B．means

C．methods D．ways

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：考查近义词辨析：这几个词都有“方式，方法”，但用法不同：A. approaches后面搭配to （doing sth），to是介词，B. means 和C. methods都是接of doing sth D. ways后面接of doing或to do sth，从横线后面的to the study of English grammar.可知to是介词，句意：在会议上他们讨论了三个学英语语法的不同方法。应该选A。

考点：考查近义词辨析

点评：词汇辨析是试卷中必然出现的题型，所以平时一定要把词汇放在句中进行记忆。在复习词汇的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照点-线-面顺序，构建知识网络环境，对知识内容进行巩固、深化和提升，这样才能提高复习知识点的效率。这样，再做单项填空题时，就会觉得游刃有余。对于英语中的词汇用法，平时要多归纳总结，词汇用法的特殊语法规则更要特别记忆。最好把词汇放在句子中，连同句子一起记忆，这样能够加强记忆。

30．---Did you see the new movie directed by that famous director? It’s said to be ______great success.

---No, I have been busy preparing all the office______ these days.

A．/; equipments B．the; equipment C．/; equipment D．a; equipment

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查冠词和名词复数。句意：---你看过那位著名导演，导演的新电影了吗?据说非常成功。---没有，这些天我一直在忙着准备所有的办公设备。success为不可数名词，但a success强调是“一件〔个〕成功的事或人。这是抽象名词的具体化的用法。 equipment为不可数名词，没有复数形式，不要不定冠词来修饰。故D选项正确。

【点睛】

抽象名词是指表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词。抽象名词一般为不可数名词，如success，progress，pity，surprise等。但是，在一定场合下，某些抽象名词和某些物质名词可以具体化为个体名词，这时它们具有可数名词的功能，这种情况我们称之为抽象名词具体化。现将中学阶段常见的这类名词归纳如下：

一、表示抽象的特性、状态、思维以及动作行为的一次、一种、一场、一类等的名词，有

时可具体化为可数名词。这时常组成“a／an＋形容词＋抽象名词”结构。如：

He has a great interest in English．他对英语显得很感兴趣。

二、表示具有某种特性、状态、情感、情绪的人或物，这类名词有的已经完全转化为可数名词，词义也有所变化。如：

抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：

抽象名词（不可数）具体化（个体名词，可数名词）

in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事

win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)

分析句子可知，success为不可数名词，但a success强调是“一件〔个〕成功的事或人。这是抽象名词的具体化的用法。 equipment为不可数名词，没有复数形式，不要不定冠词来修饰。故D选项正确。

2018年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题10 名词性从句 含答案

专题十名词性从句 1.【2015·湖南】26.You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. A. what B. that C. where D. who 【答案】C 【考点定位】考查宾语从句. 【名师点睛】判断是什么句子最关键，这个句子是由know引导的宾语从句，宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词.因为从句部分缺少状语成分，答案就出来了.正确解答该题需要理解句意以及注意上下文（you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.）的表达. 2.【2015·北京】3 3.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within. A. that B. where C. what D. why 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心! 本题考查宾语从句.从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略.从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略.故选A. 【考点定位】考查名词性从句. 【名师点睛】名词性从句分多种，宾语从句在考试中也是很常见的，要注意宾语是句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当.当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子就称之为宾语从句.一般情况下，宾语从句可作谓语的宾语，也可做主语的宾语.根据所选空在句中所作的成分来判断出是何种名词性从句. 3.【2015·安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built

高考英语专题一名词

考点一名词 名 词 一、可数名词单数变复数的规则 1.规则变化 规则例词 一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s book—books cap—caps tree—trees 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes

2.不规则变化

注意:1.fish的“数” ?

2.penny的复数形式 ? 2 pennies ? 2 pence 3.hair的“数” ? ?

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