《史记·蒙恬列传》阅读题答案及译文

《史记·蒙恬列传》阅读题答案及译文蒙恬列传

蒙恬者，其先齐人也。恬大父蒙骜，自齐事秦昭王，官至上卿。

秦庄襄王元年，蒙骜为秦将。伐韩，取成皋、荥阳，作置三川郡。二年，蒙骜攻赵，取三十七城。始皇三年，蒙骜攻韩，取十三城。五年，蒙骜攻魏，取二十城，作置东郡。始皇七年，蒙骜卒。骜子曰武，武子曰恬。恬尝书狱典文学。始皇二十三年，蒙武为秦裨将军，与王翦攻楚，大破之，杀项燕。二十四年，蒙武攻楚，虏楚王。蒙恬弟毅。

始皇二十六年，蒙恬因家世得为秦将，攻齐，大破之，拜为内史。秦已并天下，乃使蒙恬将三十万众北避戎狄，收河南。筑长城，因地形，用制险塞，起临洮，至辽东，延袤万馀里。始皇甚尊宠蒙氏，信任贤之。恬任外事而毅常为内谋，名为忠信，故虽诸将相莫敢与之争焉。

赵高者，诸赵疏远属也。赵高昆弟数人，皆生隐宫，其母被刑戮，世世卑贱。秦王闻高强力，通于狱法，举以为中车府令。高既私事公子胡亥，喻之决狱。高有大罪，秦王令蒙毅法治之。毅不敢阿法，当高罪死，除其宦籍。帝以高之敦于事也，赦之，复其官爵。

姑皇三十七年冬，行出游会稽，并海上，北走琅邪。道病，使蒙毅还祷山川。未反，始皇至沙丘崩。秘之，群臣其知。是时丞相李斯、公子胡亥、中车府令赵高常从。高雅得幸于胡亥，欲立之，又怨蒙毅法治之而不为己也。因有贼心，乃与丞相李斯、公子胡亥阴谋，立胡亥为太子。太子已立，遣使者以罪赐公子扶苏、蒙恬死。扶苏已死，蒙恬疑而复请之。使者以蒙恬属吏，更置。胡亥以李斯舍人为护军。使者还报，胡亥已闻扶苏死，即欲释蒙恬。赵高恐蒙氏复贵而用事，怨之。日夜毁恶蒙氏，求其罪过，举劾之。遂杀蒙毅。

二世又遣使者之阳周，令蒙恬曰：“君之过多矣，而卿弟毅有大罪，法及内史。”恬曰：“自吾先人，及至子孙，积功信于秦三世矣。今臣将兵三十馀万，身虽囚系，其势足以倍畔，然自知必死而守义者，不敢辱先人之教，以不忘先主也。凡臣之言，非以求免于咎也，将以谏而死，愿陛下为万民思从道也。”使者曰：“臣受诏行法于将军，不敢以将军言闻于上也。”蒙恬喟然太息曰：“我何

罪于天，无过而死乎？”良久，徐曰：“恬罪固当死矣。起临洮属之辽东，城堑万馀里，此其中不能无绝地脉哉？此乃恬之罪也。”乃吞药自杀。

（节选自《史记·蒙恬列传》，有改动）

试题一：

4．下列各组加点词解释不正确的一项是（）

A．乃使蒙恬将三十万众北逐戎狄将：率领

B．暴师于外十余年暴：残暴的

C．乃与丞相李斯、公子胡亥阴谋阴：暗地里，秘密地D．而系蒙毅于代系：关押、囚禁

5．下列加点实词的意义和用法相同的一组是（）

A．①其先齐人也②其闻道也固先乎吾

B．①据阳山，逶蛇而北②追亡逐北

C．①收河南②收天下之兵，聚之咸阳

D．①何乃罪地脉哉②王无罪岁，斯天下之民至焉。

6．对文章内容分析概括正确的一项是（）

A．蒙氏家族为秦统一天下立下了赫赫战功，蒙恬蒙毅兄弟也曾得高爵显位，但最终兄弟俩均遭秦始皇杀害。

B．面对处死自己的命令，蒙恬起初对当权者还抱有幻想，要向皇上请求复核，后来又将自己归罪为修长城挖断了地脉，这反映了他的愚忠和迷信。

C．秦始皇让蒙毅审判犯罪的赵高，蒙毅不违背法律，判了赵高死罪，因而被除掉官职，后来秦始皇赦免了蒙毅，又恢复了他的官职。

D．秦始皇外出巡游，在沙丘病死，赵高和李斯拥立太子胡亥在沙丘做了皇帝，这就是二世皇帝。

7．翻译下列句子

秦已并天下，乃使蒙恬将三十万众北逐戎狄，收河南。

参考答案

4.B暴：曝露，冒着

5.D罪：怪罪。（A祖先/早，B向北进攻/败北的人，C收复/收集）

6.B（A项并非遭秦始皇杀害；C项是赵高被除掉官职，赵高被赦免；D项在沙丘做了皇帝错）

7.翻译：

秦国已经吞并天下，(秦始皇)就派遣蒙恬统率三十万军队，向北追击戎狄，收复了黄河以南的土地。（将、收、河南，各1分，大意2分）

试题二：

4．对下列句子中加点词的解释，不正确的一项是（3分）（）A．乃使蒙恬将三十万众北逐戎狄将：率领

B．喻之决狱喻：告诉

C．求其罪过，举劾之举：检举

D．其势足以倍畔倍：加倍

5．下列各组句子中，加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是（3分）（）

A．筑长城，因地形欲因此时降武

B．故虽诸将相莫敢与之争焉积土成山，风雨兴焉

C．二世又遣使者之阳周胡为乎遑遑欲何之

D．乃吞药自杀今其智乃反不能及

6．下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是（3分）A．在秦始皇统一中国的大业中，蒙恬的祖父和父亲都是秦国的将领，攻城略地，出生入死。蒙恬做了将军，大败齐军，屡立战功。

B．佞宦赵高犯罪当诛，是由蒙毅依法经办的。而始皇念及赵高平常办事勤勉尽力，赦免了他。从此以后赵高与蒙氏兄弟结下怨仇。C．胡亥在扶苏死后曾打算放过蒙恬，而赵高却诋毁蒙恬领兵30多万，虽身在牢狱之中，但仍有叛乱的实力。最后蒙恬也难逃一死。

D．本无罪过，可蒙恬自杀前却说自己挖绝地脉应受到上天的惩罚，这实际是他不愿直接指责杀害自己的罪魁祸首的一种无奈之举。

7．把原文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（10分）

（1）蒙恬者，其先齐人也。恬大父蒙骜，自齐事秦昭王，官至上卿。（3分）

（2）毅不敢阿法，当高罪死，除共宦籍。（3分）

（3）高雅得幸于胡亥，欲立之，又怨蒙毅法治之而不为己也。

（4分）

参考答案

4．D【解析】倍：背叛，反叛。

5．C【解析】A项，依照/趁着。B项，语气词/兼词。C项，动词，到。D 项，于是/竟然

6．C【解析】“而赵高却诋毁蒙恬领兵30多万，虽身在牢狱之中，但仍有叛乱的实力”不是赵高所说，是蒙恬的话。

7．（1）蒙恬，他的祖先是齐国人。蒙恬的祖父蒙骜，从齐国来到秦国侍奉秦昭王，官做到上卿。（“先”、“事”各1分，句子通顺1分）

（2）蒙毅不敢枉曲法令，据罪判处赵高死刑，剥夺他的官籍。

（“阿”、“当”各1分，句子通顺1分）

（3）赵高平常就得到胡亥的宠幸，打算立胡亥继承王位，又怨恨蒙毅依法惩处他而没有袒护他，于是就产生了杀害之心。（“雅”、“幸”、“法治”各1分，句子通顺1分）

参考译文：

蒙恬，他的祖先是齐国人。蒙恬的祖父蒙骜，从齐国来到秦国侍奉秦昭王，官做到上卿。秦庄襄王元年，蒙骜担任秦国的将领，攻打韩国，占领了成皋、荥阳，设置了三川郡。庄襄王二年，蒙骜攻打赵国，夺取了三十七座城池。秦始皇三年，蒙骜攻打韩国，夺取了十三座城池。始皇五年，蒙骜攻打魏国，夺取了二十座城池，设置了东郡。始皇七年，蒙骜去世。蒙骜的儿子叫蒙武，蒙武的儿子叫蒙恬。

蒙恬曾做过狱讼记录工作，并负责掌管有关文件和狱讼档案。前224年（秦始皇二十三年），蒙武担任秦国的列将，和王翦一同攻打楚国，大败楚军，杀死了项燕。始皇二十四年，蒙武又攻打楚国，俘虏了楚王。蒙恬的弟弟叫蒙毅。

前221年（秦始皇二十六年），蒙恬由于出身将门做了秦国的将军，?率兵攻打齐国，大败齐军。授给他内史的官职。秦国兼并天下后，就派蒙恬带领三十万人的庞大军队，向北驱逐戎狄，收复黄河以南的土地。修筑长城，利用地理形势，设置要塞，西起临洮，东到辽东，逶迤绵延一万余里。于是渡过黄河，占据阳山，曲曲折折向北延伸。烈日寒霜，风风雨雨，在外十余年，驻守上郡。这时，蒙恬的声威震摄匈奴。秦始皇特别尊重推崇蒙氏，信任并赏识他们的才能。

因而亲近蒙毅，官至上卿。外出就陪着始皇同坐一辆车子，回到朝廷就侍奉在国君跟前。蒙恬在外担当着军事重任而蒙毅经常在朝廷出谋划策，被誉为忠信大臣。因此，即使是其他的将相们也没有敢和他们争宠的。

赵高，是赵国王族中被疏远的亲属。赵高兄弟几人，都是生下来就被阉而成为宦者的，他的母亲也以犯法而被处以刑罚，所以世世代代地位卑贱。秦王

听说赵高办事能力很强，精通刑狱法令，就提拔他担任了中车府令。赵高就私下侍奉公子胡亥，教导胡亥决断讼案。

赵高犯下了重罪，秦王让蒙毅依照法令惩处他。蒙毅不敢枉曲法令，依法应当判处成死刑，剥夺他的官籍。始皇因为赵高办事勤勉尽力，赦免了他。恢复了他原来的官职。

前210年（始皇三十七年）冬天，御驾外出巡游会稽，依傍着大海，?向北直奔琅邪。半途得了重病，派蒙毅转回祷告山川神灵。

没等蒙毅返回，始皇走到沙丘就逝世了。始皇逝世的消息被封锁了，文武百官都不知道。这时丞相李斯、公子胡亥、中车府令赵高，经常侍奉在秦始皇左右。赵高平常就得到胡亥的宠幸，打算立胡亥继承王位，又怨恨蒙毅依法惩处他而没有袒护他，于是就产生了杀害之心。

就和丞相李斯、公子胡亥暗中策划，拥立胡亥为太子。太子拥立之后，派遣使者，捏造罪名，拟定公子扶苏和蒙恬死罪。扶苏自杀后，蒙恬产生怀疑，又请求申诉。使者就把蒙恬交给主管官吏处理，另外派人接替他的职务。胡亥用李斯的家臣担任护军。使者回来报告时，胡亥已经听到扶苏的死讯，当下就打算释放蒙恬。赵高唯恐蒙氏再次显贵当权执政，怨恨他们。赵高日日夜夜毁谤蒙氏，搜罗他们罪过，检举弹劾他们。皇帝就把他杀了。

二世皇帝又派遣使者前往阳周，命令蒙恬说：“您的罪过太多了，而您的弟弟蒙毅犯有重罪，依法要牵连到您。”蒙恬说：“从我的祖先到后代子孙，为秦国累积大功，建立威信，已经三代了。如今我带兵三十多万，即使是我被囚禁，但是，我的势力足够叛乱。然而，我知道必死无疑却坚守节义，是不敢辱没祖宗的教诲，不敢忘掉先主的恩宠。大凡我说的这些话，不是用以逃避罪责，而是要用忠心规劝而死，希望陛下替黎民百姓深思熟虑地找到应遵循的正确道路。”使者说：“我接受诏令对将军施以刑法，不敢把将军的话转报皇上听。”蒙恬沉重地叹息说：“我对上天犯了什么罪，竟然没有过错就处死呢？”很久，才慢慢地说：“我的罪过本来该当死罪啊。起自临洮接连到辽东，筑长城、挖壕沟一万余里，这中间能没有截断大地脉络的地方吗？这就是我的罪过了。”于是吞下毒药自杀了。

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英语阅读短文带翻译：你是独一无二的 Enjoy that uniquenesss1. You do not have to pretend in order to seem more like someone else. You do not have to lie to hide the parts of you that are not like what you see in anyone else. You were meant to be different. Nowhere, in all of history, will the same things be going on in anyone’s mind, soul and spirit as are going on in yours right now. If you did not exist, there would be a hole in creation, a gap2 in history, and something missing from the plan for humankind. Treasure your uniqueness. It is a gift given only to you. Enjoy it and share it! No one can reach out to others in the same way that you can. No one can speak your words. No one can convey your meanings. No one can comfort others with your kind of comfort. No one can bring your kind of understanding to another person. No one can be cheerful and light-hearted3 and joyous4 in your way. No one can smile your smile. No one else can bring the whole unique impact of you to another human being. Share your uniqueness. Let it flow out freely among your family and friends, and the people you meet in the rush and clutter of living, wherever you are. That gift of yourself was given to you to enjoy and share. Give yourself away! See it! Receive it! Let it inform you, move you and inspire you! You are unique!

高考英语阅读理解翻译

2010山东高考英语阅读理解翻译 Chｒistophｅr Ｔhomas，2７, was a wriｔeｒbｙnigｈt ａnd a teａcher ｂy daｙwhｅnｈe noticｅd hｅwａs alｗays tｉrｅｄand was losiｎｇｗeigｈt fａst、Diａｇnosｅｄｗiｔh diａbetｅs（糖尿病), Thｏmａsｗｏulｄnｅｅｄｔo inject ｈimｓelf ｗｉtｈinｓuｌin（胰岛素）thｒee timeｓa ｄay fo ｒｔhe ｒｅst of his life ｏr risｋnerｖe damage，blinｄnｅss, and even death、And if tｈａt ｗeｒｅn't bａd enｏugｈ, hｅhａd no healtｈinsurance、?Aｆｔｅr a monｔh of feeｌing upsｅt, Thomaｓde ｃidｅd hｅ'd betｔｅr ｆind a wａy to fighｔｂack、Heｌeft Caｎton，MichｉgaｎfoｒNew York, goｔa jｏｂwaiting tables,nｉcｋnamｅd hｉｍｓelfｔhｅＤiaｂｅｔiｃRoｃkstａr, ａnd ｃreateｄdiabeticrｏcｋstaｒ、, a free onliｎe ｍuniｔｙｆor diａbeｔics and theｉｒlovｅd ones-ａplace wherｅｏｖer1，1００people share ｐersoｎalｓtorｉes，infoｒmａtion，anｄresoｕrceｓ、Jason Sｗencｋi’s soｎ, Kody, ｗas dｉagｎosed wiｔh type diabｅtｅs at ｓiｘ、Fatｈeｒand son vｉｓit the onlineｃhildren'ｓfoｒuｍs（论坛）together ｍosｔeｖｅnings、”Ｋｏdy gets so ｅxcｉted，wｒｉtinｇtｏkids fｒom ａll over," says Sｗencki，onｅof the siｔe's volunteeｒｓ、＂Thｅy ｋｎow what he's gｏｉｎgｔhｒouｇh，so he doｅｓn’t ｆeel alｏｎe、" Kody is anytｈiｎｇbｕt ａlone：Diａbetes is now the ｓｅｖenth ｌｅａdｉｎg cauｓｅｏｆｄｅathｉｎthe United Statｅｓ，witｈ2４milliｏn diａgnｏsｅdｃasｅs、And mｏｒｅｐｅople are being diａｇnosed at yoｕｎger agｅs、These days，Ｔhoｍａs＇ｓmaｉn focus isｈiｓchaｒity（慈善机构）, FｉghtＩt, whiｃh pｒｏvｉｄes meｄicｉｎeｓand ｓuppliｅs tｏpeoplｅ—2２5 to dａte—who can’ｔafforｄａdiabetic's huｇe eｘｐenses、Figｈｔ-it、org ｈaｓraised about$２3,000—ｉn pｒｏducｔs anｄin cash、Ｉn Ｍay, Thomas will hｏldｔhe first annual Diabｅtｉc RoｃｋstａｒFestivaｌｉn theＣａribbean、?Ｅven ｗｉth a sｔaff of22 voluｎｔeers，Ｔhomａs ｏｆten dｅvotｅs up to５0 hｏurs ａｗeek to hｉs cause，whiｌe ｓtill ｄoiｎg his full-tｉme ｊoｂwaitｉｎｇtaｂleｓ、＂Of thｅdiabet ｅs charｉties out thｅre, moｓt are puｔtiｎｇｍoｎey inｔｏｆindiｎg a cｕrｅ，” ｓａyｓBｅntley Gubar，oneｏf Rocｋstａr＇s original memberｓ、＂ＢuｔChｒiｓtｏpher is thｅonly persｏｎI kｎow ｓａying people neeｄhｅlｐnow、" 克里斯托弗托马斯，现年27岁，她白天就是一名教师,晚上就是一名作家,她发现她总就是很累,并且瘦了很多。她被诊断出患有糖尿病，一天需要注射三次胰岛素来维持生命，否则,她有可能失明,甚至死亡。最糟糕得就是，她没有医疗保险。?经过一个月得感觉不适,托马斯决定最好找到一个方法来反击.她离开广州,纽约密歇根，找到了一份工作，她称自己为糖尿病得Ｒｏcｋｓtaｒ,并创办了网站ｄiaｂｅtｉcrocksｔaｒ、,一个免费得在线社区，这就是一个超过110０人分享个人故事,信息,资源得地方。 贾森得儿子,科迪，被诊断为六个类型得糖尿病.父亲与儿子经常在晚上一起访问儿童论坛.科迪变得非常激动,写给全国各地得孩子,Swenｃki,该网站得志愿者之一。她们知道她得经历，所以她并不孤独。糖尿病就是目前第七届在美国死亡得首要原因与诊断240０万例。而更多得人被诊断为更小得年龄。?这些天，托马斯得主要焦点就是她得慈善事业（慈善机构)，为之奋斗,它提供药品与用品给那些谁买不起糖尿病药得人.她提出了约２３,00０元，在产品与现金。今年5月，托马斯将在加勒比地区得第一个年度糖尿病得Roｃkstar节.?尽管有22名志愿者在帮她,托马斯任然每周工作50小时以上,同时,她还要做那份全职工作。在慈善事业外,大部分得钱投入到治愈糖尿病得研究当中，本特利格巴说，Rocｋｓtar得创始成员之一,克里斯托弗就是我知道得唯一得人说现在得人需要帮助。

考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc

年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc

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Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the u nconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Th inking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possib ilities.”