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专四名词辨析

专四名词辨析
专四名词辨析

1.The court would not accept his appeal unless _______ evidence is provided.

A.definite

B. conclusive

C.eventual

D. concluding

B.译文:除非他提供确凿的证据,否则法院不会接受他的上诉。

精解:固定搭配题。B项conclusive意为(事实证据等)令人信服的,确凿的,消除怀疑的,此处为固定搭配,意为确凿的证据。A选项definite意为明确的, C选项意为最终的,D选项意为结尾的,均可排除。

2. That outburst at the meeting was _______ of his bad temper.

A. illustrative

B. explanatory

C. expository

D. revealing

A. 译文:在会议上情绪失控正说明了他的坏脾气。

精解:固定搭配题。be illustrative of 表示说明解释,其他三个选项无此搭配。

3. Most Chinese people went to work by bike within living ______.

A.mind

B. knowledge

C. memory

D. scope

C. 译文:在如今很多人的记忆中,大多数中国人以前都骑自行车上班。

精解:固定搭配题。within living memory 是个固定搭配,表示现在还被人记着,其他三个选项无此搭配。

4. I’d like to have a ______ word with his parents.

A.peaceful

B. quiet

C. silent

D. personal

B. 译文:我想和他的父母私下里谈谈。

精解:固定搭配题。have a quiet word with sb.表示与某人私下交谈。B选项符合句意。

5.John is in the dorm, putting the final _____to her speech.

A.details

B. remarks

C. comments

D. touches

D. 译文:琼在宿舍里,正对演讲稿进行最后的修改。

精解:固定搭配题。put the final touches to 意为做最后的修改,完成最后的细节。其他三个选项无此搭配。

6. His_______ in gambling has eventually brought about his ruin.

A.indulgence

B. habit

C. action

D. engagement

A.译文:对于赌博的沉迷最终让他沉沦。

精解:固定搭配题。indulgence 意为沉迷沉溺,与in搭配。本句中的沉迷赌博与后面的ruin 构成因果关系。engagement意为约定约会婚约。例如My brother has just told me about his engagement to Anne.

7. Teddy came to my ______ with a cheque of $200 to pay my room rate, after I phoned him that my wallet had been stolen.

A.attendance

B. assistance

C. rescue

D. safty

C. 译文:在我打电话给泰德告知我钱包被偷之后,他带着200美金的支票来救助我,为我支付了房租。

精解:固定搭配题。come to one’s rescue意为解救某人,救助某人,attendance 意为出席照料,assistance意为帮助援助,safety意为安全,这三个词与come to 无法搭配。

8. When invited to talk about his achievements, he refused to blow his own ______ and declined to speak at the meeting.

A.trumpet

B. whistle

C. bugle

D. flute

A.译文:被邀请谈自己的成就时,他拒绝自吹自擂,拒绝在会上发言。

精解:固定搭配题。blow one’s trumpet 自吹自擂,自我标榜,与他相似的表达

blow one’s own horn.whistle 意为口哨,bugle意为喇叭,flute意为长笛,blow与这三个词都不能形成固定搭配。

9. My cousin likes eating very much, but he isn’t very ______ about the food he eats.

A.special

B. peculiar

C. particular

D. specific

C. 译文:我的表兄极为好吃,但对吃什么并不过分讲究。

精解:be particular about/over sth.表示对.....很挑剔,很讲究,吹毛求疵,special 表示特别的,特殊的,专门的,额外的,peculiar 表示奇怪的,古怪的,个人特有的,独特的,specific 表示具体的,明确的,特有的。

10. Thousands of people turned out into the streets to ______ against the local authorities’ decision to build a highway across the field.

A.contradict

B. reform

C. counter

D. protest

D. 译文:成千上万的人走上街头,抗议地方政府准备在那块地上修建公路的决定。

精解:词语搭配题。protest against表示反对,抗议,contradict表示与.....发生冲突,反驳...的观点,reform表示改革,counter 表示反对反抗,但搭配是counter with sth, counter sb./sth. with sth.

11. Failure to follow the club rules_____ him from the volleyball team.

A.disfavored

B. dispelled

C. disqualified

D. dismissed

C. 译文:由于未能遵守俱乐部条例,他被取消了排球队队员的资格。

精解:词语搭配题。disqualify 表示使不合资格,与for sth.搭配; 表示取消....的资格时,与from doing sth.或from sth,搭配,disqualify的主语一般不是指人,而是指让人失去资格的原因,disfavor表示不喜欢,不赞成,反感,dispel表示驱走消除,dismiss 表示开除解雇,让某人离开,对某事不予理会。

12. The customer expressed her_______ for that broad hat.

A.disapproval

B. distaste

C. dissatisfaction

D.dismay

B.译文:这个顾客对那顶宽沿帽表现出厌恶之情。

精解:固定搭配题。distaste for sth. 表示厌恶讨厌,disapproval一般与of 连用,表示不赞成,dissatisfaction 常与with或at连用,表示不满意,dismay表示沮丧。

13.Many people nowadays save money to ______ for their old age.

A.cater

B. supply

C. provide

D. equip

C. 译文:现在很多人存钱是为了养老。

精解:固定搭配题。provide for 表示做准备,预防,cater for 表示投合迎合,提供饮食及服务,supply是及物动词,可与for搭配使用,但supply之后必须有宾语,equip 表示装备配备,一般与with搭配。

14.The party’s reduced vote was ______ of lack of support for its policies.

A.indicative

B. positive

C. revealing

D. evident

A.译文:该党的选票减少,这表明它缺乏人们对其政策的支持。

精解:词语搭配题。indicative意为意味着,表示,指示,与介词of 搭配,positive 意为肯定的积极的,revealing 意为透露内情的,evident意为明显的显然的。根据句意应该选indicative.

15. The thieves fled with the local police close on their ______.

A.backs

B. necks

C. toes

D. heels

D.译文:小偷在前面跑,当地的警察在后面紧追。

精解:固定搭配题。on/at sb’s heels表示紧跟在....后面,on one’s back 表示仰天,卧病,on sb’s neck表示缠在某人身边,令某人陷入麻烦,例如:We kept on the enemy’s neck.(我们缠着敌人不放。)on one’s toes 表示警觉的,准备行动的。

16.In order to raise money, Aunt Nicola had to ______ with some of her most treasured

A.divide

B. separate

C. part

D. abandon

C. 译文:为了筹钱,尼古拉姑姑不得不卖掉了她的一些最珍贵的财物。

精解:词语搭配题。part with表示放弃,舍弃,卖掉,divide 和separate都是及物动词,表示分开,abandon也是及物动词,意为放弃抛弃。

17.You must insist that sttudents give a truthful answer ______ with the reality of their world.

A.relevant

B. simultaneous

C. consistent

D. practical

C. 译文:你必须坚决要求学生给出的回答是真实的,要与他们的切身生活相一致。

精解:词语搭配题。be consistent with 意为与.....一致,符合,be relevant to 意为与....相关,be simultaneous with意为与....同时的,practical 意为实用的,常做定语。

18. For the success of the project, the company should _____ the most of the opportunities at hand.

A.obtain

B. grasp

C. catch

D.make

D. 译文:为了使本项目取得成功,公司应充分利用眼前的各种机遇。

精解:固定搭配题。make the most of sth./sb./oneself表示充分利用,充分发挥...优势,obtain表示得到获得,grasp 表示紧紧抓住,利用,全面领会。

19. His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in _____ to his income.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8316146122.html,parision

B. proportion

C. association

D. calculation

B.译文:他在度假和购买奢侈品上的开支跟他的收入比偏高了。

精解:固定搭配题。in proportion to 意为按照...的比例,与...成比例,in comparision with 意为与...比较起来,in association with 意为与...有关联,calculation 没有类似的搭配。

20. You must let me have the annual repor t without _______ by ten o’clock tomorrow morning.

A.failure

B. hesitation

C. trouble

D.fail

D.译文:你务必在明天早上10点前把年度报告交上来。

精解:固定搭配题。without fail表示肯定一定,其他几项与句意不符合hesitation 表示犹豫迟疑。

21. Come on, Jack, tell me the story. Don’t keep me in ______.

A.suspense

B. suspending

C. suspension

D. suspender

A.译文:来吧,杰克,给我讲讲这个故事把,别让我着急了。

精解:固定搭配题。keep in suspense 意为处于悬念之中,其他几个词无此搭配。suspending 意为悬浮悬置,suspender 意为挂钩吊钩,这两个词不与in 搭配,suspension 意为悬挂悬浮,in suspension 意为悬浮中,不符合此处语境。

22. Representatives from the companies indicated that they should go on working together in ____.

A.unity

B. entity

C. partners

D. partnership

D. 译文:来自各公司的代表们表示他们应该继续通力合作。

精解:固定搭配题。unity意为团结一致,entity意为实体,partner意为合伙人,尤其指股东,但不与in搭配使用,partnership意为合作伙伴关系,多用于work in partnership结构。

23. Scientific research results can now be quickly ______ to factory production.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8316146122.html,ed

B.applied

C. tried

D. practiced

B. 译文:现在,科学研究的成果可以很快地应用到工厂生产中。

精解:词语搭配题。apply 意为应用运用,apply A to B表示把A运用到B中去,use 意为使用,用,try意为使用尝试,practice 意为实践,练习,实习,根据题意应选applied. 24. As a developing country, we must keep______ with the rapid development of the world

A.move

B. step

C. speed

D. pace

D. 译文:作为一个发展中国家,我们必须跟上世界经济的迅猛发展。

精解:固定搭配题。keep pace with 表示与……并驾齐驱,齐头并进,若用step 表示与……步伐一致地走(尤其指齐步走),根据题意选pace更恰当。

25. When he first started in university, he really felt at _____ with his major—economics.

A.shore

B. bank

C. ocean

D. sea

D. 译文:他开始上大学时对自己所学的经济学专业确实感到很茫然。

精解:固定搭配题。at sea原意为离开陆地,有茫然之意,例如:He felt completely at sea in his new school.(他在新学校中感到茫然不知所错。)at 不与其他几个词搭配。

26.As soon as he opened the door, a_________of cold air swept through the house.

[A] flow [B] movement [C] rush [D] blast

[D]。【译文】她刚一开门,一股寒气就涌了进来。

【精解】名词辨析题。[A] flow意为“(液体的)流动”,[B] movement意为“(位置的)移动”,[C]rush指“(空气等的)涌动”,[D] blast指“(强烈的)气流涌入”,如a blast of wind 意为“一阵风”,此处体现突然涌入的寒气,因此[D]更符合句意,为答案。

27.Mary and John are busy looking for a hotel for their wedding ______.

[A] meal [B] snack [C] refreshment [D] banquet.

[D]。【译文】玛丽和约翰忙着为婚宴找酒店。

【精解】名词辨析题。meal表示“一顿饭”,snack表示“小吃,快餐”,refreshment表示“点心”,banquet表示“宴会”。

28.The food is good at this hotel, but the________is poor;the waiters don't seem to be well trained.

[A] maintenance [B] repair [C] charge [D] service

[D]。【译文】这家旅馆的饭菜不错,但是服务很差,服务员似乎缺乏培训。

【精解】名词辨析题。maintenance表示“维护”,repair表示“维修”,charge表示“收费”,service表示“服务”。因此,[D]为正确答案。

29.A(n)__________shape has four straight sides at 90°to each other, two of which are much longer than the other two.

[A] square [B] oval [C] oblong [D] circular

[C]。【译文】长方形有四条边,相邻两边夹角为90度,其中两条边长于另外两条。

【精解】名词辨析题。square表示“正方形” ,oval表示“椭圆形”,o blong 表示“长方形” ,circular表示“圆形”。[C]符合句意,故为正确答案。

30.They've lifted a two-year-long economic_________on the country.

[A] enclosure [B] restriction [C] blockade [D] prohibition

[C]。【译文】他们取消了对该国长达两年的经济封锁。

【精解】名词辨析题。enclosure意为“圈占,圈地”;restriction意为“限制” ;blockade意为“封锁” ;prohibition意为“禁令”。其中blockade专指“为了阻止人或物品流通的封锁行为”,an economic blockade意为“经济封锁”,因此[C]为答案。

31.Due to personality________,the two colleagues never got on well in work.

[A] contradiction [ B] conflict [C] confrontation [ D] competition

[B]。【译文】由于性格冲突,这两个同事在工作中相处从来都不融洽。

【精解】名词辨析题。选项中的contradiction和conflict意义上比较接近,contradiction意为“矛盾”,比较抽象,比如观点上的、意见上的矛盾。而conflict 意为“冲突”,比矛盾强烈,而且可以是针锋相对的,公开的。由句中的never got on well in work可以判断,两个人之间的积怨已深,personality conflict指“个性矛盾”,故[B]为答案。confrontation意为“对抗”,由于是跟personality搭配使用,不存在对抗的问题,排除[C] competition意为“竞争”,句中没有使用该词的语境,排除。

32.There were 150_______at the international conference this summer.

[A] spectators [B] viewers [C] participants [D] onlookers

[C]。【译文】今年夏天,出席该国际会议者有150人。

【精解】名词辨析题。participants意为“参与者”,句中提到的是in ternational conference,显然应该指参会者,故[C]为答案。spectator 意为“(尤指表演或比赛的)观众”;viewer意为“电视观众,检査员”;onlooker意为“旁观者”,这几个词均与international conference无关,排除。

33.Teachers in this school were encouraged to use drama as a(n) ________of learning.

[A] design [B] instrument [C] agency [D] tool

[B]。【译文】这所学校鼓励老师将戏剧作为一种学习手段来使用。

【精解】名词辨析题。tool和instrument均可表示“工具,手段”。tool 基本意思是工具,指能使操作更为方便的工具,尤指用手工操作的工具(如刨、锯等),还指能帮助完成任务或达到目的的手段,如using computer as a tool of learning,即tool of learning 侧重具体的教学设备。instrument尤指医学,化工使用的精密的仪器,但还可表示某个用此达到某结果的东西或人。句中是指把戏剧作为教学手段,而并非具体的教学设备,故用instrument更好,故选[B]。design意为“设计” ;agency意为“代理”,与语境无关。

34.In spite of the treatment,the pain in his leg grew in________.

[A] gravity [B] extent [C] intensity [D] amount

[C ]。【译文】他尽管得到了治疗,但腿上的疼痛还是加剧了。

【精解】名词辨析题。intensity意为“强度,强烈”,例如:The pain increased in intensity.疼痛越来越剧烈。句中的treatment和后面的grew in intensity正好构成让步关系,故[C]为答案。gravity意为“重力,严重”。例如:He doesn’t seem to understand the gravity of the situation.(他似乎没有意识到形势的严重性。)这个词不能用来指疼痛的严重程度,排除。extent意为“范围,程度”。例如:I was amazed at the extent of his knowledge.(我对他知识的渊博感到惊奇。)该词用来指范围的大小,不用来指疼痛的强度。amount用来指不可数名词量的多少,例如金钱的多少,同样不符合语境。

35.According to the new tax law,any money earned over that level is taxed at the ________of 59

per cent.

[A] ratio [B] percentage [C] proportion [D] rate

[D]【译文】按照新的税法,我收人中超过那个标准的部分要按照39%的比例征税。

【精解】名词近义词辨析題。这四个词都有“比,比率”的含义。ratio 常用作数学术语,多以具体数据体现两个关系平行的事物的数量之比,所涉及的两个比较项必须同时出现,句中只有39%,排除[A]。 percentage多指部分在整体中所占的准确的百分率、百分比,既然句中已经出现了39% ,显然这里不会再用percentage —词。proportion 可指两个关系平行的事物在大小、数量、程度等方面的比例、比率、比重等,突出孰大孰小,也可指部分在整体中所占的比例,还常表示整体中各部分之间协调或和谐的关系,指匀称,平衡。常与介词in搭配,in the proportion of意为“按……比例”,句中介词为at,排除[C]。rate多指动态的率、比率、速率等,单指“……率”时用rate,常用于构成复合短语(birth rate,death rate);多与介词at搭配,at the rate of...,故为答案。

36.We stood still, gazing out over the limitless________of the desert.

[A] space [B] expanse [C] stretch [D] land

[B]【译文】我们静静地站着,感慨地凝视着广袤无垠的沙漠。

【精解】名词辨析题。ex panse意为“大片的土地,海域,天空”,句中gazing out over 含有“对什么感到惊讶、感叹、感慨而凝视”的意思,这里(无垠的)也就是形容沙漠的宽广,所以应该用expanse。而 stretch是指“绵横的,延展的”,通常指狭而长的区域。

37. The economic recession has meant that job________is a rare thing.

[A] security [B] safety [C] protection [D] secureness

[A]。【译文]经济不景气就意味着工作很少有保障。

【精解】名词辨析题。security表示“保障,保护,安全,安全措施”,本句中更强调工作条件、环境、政策、前途等保障措施;s afety虽然也表示“安全”,但侧重使身体健康不受伤害,也表示“平安";protection 表示“保护;防卫”;secureness表示“无优无虑;牢固”。根据题意应选security。

38.We realized that he was under great________,so we took no notice of his bad temper.

[A] excitement [B] stress [C] crisis [D] nervousness

[B]【译文】我们都意识到他身上的压力,所以不计较他的坏脾气。

【精解】名词辨析题。stress表示“压力,紧张”,坏脾气一般与有压力有关,因此选[B]。crisis指“危机”;而nervousness指“神经过敏”, excitement指“兴奋,激动”,与句意不符。

39. The majority of nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a_______.

[A] minority [B] scarcity [C] rarity [D] minimum

[A]。【译文】大部分护士都是女性,而在医疗行业的高层人员中,女性却占少数。

【精解】名词辨析题。minority表示“少数” ;scarcity表示“不足,缺乏” ;rarity 表示“稀有,罕见”;minimum表示“最小值,最小量”。由于本句使用了转折连词but,所

以应该在选项中找一个与majority意思相对的,也就是minority。

40.Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-de-mand, always-available products and services that suit the customer's_______ rather than the company's.

[A] benefit [B] availability [C] suitability [D] convenience

[D]【译文】90年代初以来,多数行业趋向随时提供产品与服务,即这些服务和产品都是为了方便顾客,而不是商家。

【精解】名词辨析题。convenience表示“方便”;benefit表示“利益,好处” availability表示“有效性,实用性”;suitability表示“合适,适当”。根据题意应选convenience。

41.The priest made the________of the cross when he entered the church.

[A] mark [B] signal [C] sign [D] gesture

[C]。【译文】牧师进教堂时划了个十字。

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[A] outline [ B] reference [ C] frame [ D] outlook

[A]。【译文】这本书简要概括了他迄今为止的研究历程。

【精解】名词辨析题。outline “轮廊,提纲,概要” ; reference表示“参考,参考资料,提及”;frame表示“框架,构架”;outlook表示“前景,展望”。根据题意应选outline。

44. The tenant left nothing behind except some__________of paper, cloth, etc.

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[B]。【译文】那位房客除了一些碎纸、碎布片什么东西也没留下。

【精解】名词辨析题。scrap表示“碎片,残渣”,如:There is not a scrap of truth in the claim.这种说法一点真实性也没有。sheet表“薄片,张”;page表示“页,记录” ;slice表示“片,一部分,份”。根据题意应选scraps。

45. The police have offered a large___________for information leading to the robber’s arrest.

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[D]。【译文】警方开出巨额赏金悬赏消息提供者,以缉拿抢劫犯归案。

【精解】名词辨析题。reward意为“酬谢,奖赏,报答,报酬,赏金”,尤指因表现出色或向他人提供帮助或服务而得到的酬谢;award尤指因表现出色或成绩卓越由官方决定颁发的“奖品,奖金,奖赏,奖状”;c ompensation尤指因损失而给予的(赔偿)物,补偿(赔偿)金” ;prize尤指在比赛、竞赛中获得的“奖品,奖赏”。根据题意应选reward。

46. The multinational corporation was making a take-over_______for a property company.

[A] application [B] bid [C] proposal [D] suggestion

[B]。【译文】那家跨国公司正为接管一家房地产公司竞标。

【精解】名词辨析题。本题四个词都可用于make a ... for...的结构。bid尤指拍卖中“出价,投标”,符合句意。application尤指正式和书面的“申请,请求”;proposal 意为“计划,建议,提议”;suggestion意为“建议,意见”。根据题意应选bid。

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[A] pieces [B] essays [C] fragments [D] extracts

[D]。【译文】在阅读课上,老师让学生读了这部小说中的几个选段。

【精解】名词辨析题。extract意为“选段,节录”;piece意为“(文章的)篇” ;essay 意为“论说文,散文,小品文” ;fragment意为“碎片,断片”。根据题意应选extracts。

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[A] difference [B] distinction [C] comparison [D] division

[B]。【译文】萨莉是色盲,分辨不出红色和绿色。

【精解】名词辨析题。make a distinction between A and B的意思是“分辨出”,指比较后得出结果;make a difference意思是“区别对待” ;make a comparison between A and B 强调比较,不强调结果;divi- sion指把整体分成部分。根据题意应选distinction。

49.The_______of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek.

[A] origin [B] generation [C] descent [D] cause

[A]。【译文】这个词从何而来不得而知,但肯定不是来源于希腊语。

【精解】名词辨析题。origin表示“起源,开端”;generation表示“发生,产生,一代人”;descent表示“祖籍;血统”;cause作为名词表示“原因,理由;事业”。根据题意应选origin。

50. When you're driving on a motorway, you must obey the signs telling you to get into the right______.

[A] way [ B] track [C] road [D] lane

[D]。【译文】当你在高速公路上行驶时,必须按照车道标示选择正确车道。

【精解】名词辨析题。lane表示“(宽大马路上用白线画出的)车道”;way表示“路,道路”;track表示“(车辆、行人、动物等经过后留下的)踪迹” ;road表示“道路”。根据题意应选lane。

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二者都有“遮住”义,但是范围大小差别很大。“荫”只能从上遮住,而且指遮住阳光。如“树林荫翳,鸣声上下”(欧阳修《醉翁亭记》)。而“蔽”遮的范围更大,可以从前后左右遮住,也可以从上遮住。如“项伯亦以身翼蔽沛公”(《史记·项羽本纪》)。 诽、谤 这两个词与“讥”都是指责别人的过错或短处,但是它们之间有一定的差别。“诽”是背地里议论、嘀咕,如“不诱于誉,不恐于诽”(《荀子·非十二子》)。“谤”一般指公开地指责。如“厉王虐,国人谤王”(《国语·周语上》)。而“讥”则是微言讽刺。 购、买 “购”是指重赏征求。如“太宗尝出御府金帛购求王羲之书迹”(《旧唐书·褚遂良传》)。“买”指拿钱换东西。古代“购”和“买”不是同义词,“购”的东西往往不是商品,跟“买”的性质不相同。 商、贾(gǔ)——这两个词都指做买卖的行为和做买卖的人,但所指对象并不完全相同。“商”指往来行商,“贾”指设店售货。《白虎通·商贾》:“行曰商,止曰贾。商之为言章也,章其远近,度其有无,通四方之物,故谓之商。”《周礼·地宫·司市》:“以商贾阜货而行布。”郑玄注:“居卖物曰贾。”《说文》:“贾,坐售卖也。”由于所指并不完全相同,因此古代有“行商坐贾”之说。

名词专项练习题及答案(1)

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常用英语词语用法辨析

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英语专四专八词汇辨析整理总结全

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名词专练

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