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汉语动词的分类和其语法功能

汉语动词的分类和其语法功能2.1 汉语动词的分类

2.2 汉语动词的语法功能

汉语词性分类及用法

汉语词性分类及用法汉语(Hànyǔ)又称华语、中国话、中文等～属汉藏语系～至少15亿使用者～是中国、新加坡的官方语言～亦是联合国六种工作语言之一～下面是小编收集整理的汉语词性分类及用法～欢迎阅读参考!! 一、实词:名词、动词、形容词、数量词、代词. (-)名词名词是表示人或事物的词。例如: 指人的:鲁迅、农民、工人、作家、老师、学生指物的:日、风、山、马、稻子、飞机、原子、计算机、车辆、纸张、道德、法律、文化表时间的:春天、明年、早晨、星期天、现在、刚才表处所的:马来西亚、北京、凯旋门、大庆、亚洲表方位的:上、下、前、左、右、东、南、内、外(单纯的) 以上、以前、以东、上边、上面、东边、西边、里头、外头、中间(合成的) (二)动词动词是表示动作、行为、心理活动或存在变化等的词。例如: 1 / 28 表示动作行为:走、坐、听、看、批评、宣传、保卫、学习、研究、进行、开始、停止、禁止表示存在变化消失:存在、在、有、等于、发生、演变、发展、生长、死亡、消灭表示心理活动:爱、恨、伯、想念、打算、喜欢、希望、害伯、担心、讨厌表示判断:是

表示可能意愿必要(助动词):能、能够、会、可以、愿、愿意、肯、敢、要、应当、应该、配、值得表示趋向(趋向动词):上、下、进、出、回、开、过、起、来、上来、下来、进来、出来、回来、开来、过来、起来、去、上去、下去、进去、出主、回去～开去、过去动词的语法特点: 1.一部分动词可以重叠～表示?动作短暂?或?尝试?的意思～是时态的表示法。单音节动词重叠形式是:AA 看——看看想——想想试——试试讲——讲讲双音节动词重叠形式是:ABAB 学习——学习学习批评——批评批评讨论——讨论讨论休息——休息休息 2 / 28 动词比较复杂～有的需要加以说明。 1.动词?是? I. ?是?用在名词前边是动词～这种?是?常常表示主语?等于什么?或?属于什么?。例如?鲁迅就是周树人?、?牛是反刍动物?、?他是个开车的?、?是他救了我?;此外～?这一年～人家都是丰年～我是歉年～收完秋就没吃的了?等里面的?是?仍是动词～作谓语。 II. ?是?用在动词、形容词前边～表示肯定～含有?的确?、?实在?的意思～可以看作语气副词～作状语～例如?我“是”懂了?、?他“是”勇敢?、?这样做“是”好?。 2.动词?有?

英语语法动词

英语语法——动词来源：普特英语动词 1.概说 1)动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。 a)表示动作：swim游泳push推 b)表示状态：have有be是 2)英语动词有时态、语态、语气等形式上的变化。 2.限定动词和非限定动词从是否被主语所限定来分，动词有限定动词(finite verb)和非限定动词(nonfinite verb)两大类。 1)限定动词限定动词用作句子的谓语动词，并被主语所限定，有人称和数的变化。如： He is a tractor driver.他是一个拖拉机手。 Facts are more eloquent than words.事实胜于雄辩。 We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。 An apple falls by the force of gravitation.地心吸力使苹果落地。 2)非限定动词非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，在句子里都不能单独作谓语动词，故不被主语所限定，没有人称和数的变化。如： I am pleased to meet you.我很高兴与你相识。(动词不定式) Smoking is harmful to the health.吸烟对身体有害。(动名词) I heard them singing the Internationale。我听见他们唱《国际歌》。(分词) Spoken words are often more powerful than writing.语言往往比文字更有力。(分词) 3.实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词从其含义来分，动词有实义动词(notional verb)，连系动词(1ink verb)，情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。 1)实义动词实义动词有完全的词义，并能独立作谓语动词。如： The sun shone brightly this morning.今天早晨阳光灿烂。 He likes to go for a long walk on sundays.他喜欢星期日出去作长距离散步。 We have a big TV set in the club.我们俱乐部有台大电视机。 2)连系动词连系动词在句中作谓语动词，后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是)，seem(似乎)，look(看来)，keep(保持)，become(变成)，get(变得)，grow(变得)，feel(感到)，turn(变得，变成)，appear(显得)，remain(仍旧是)等。如：

初中英语语法知识—动词的分类汇编含答案

一、选择题 1．When did your father your mother? A．marry B．marry to C．marry with D．get married 2．—________ Mary________ fruit? —Of course. A．Is; like B．Does; likes C．Does; like D．Do; likes 3．Coffee is ready. How nice it ______! Would you like some? A．looks B．smells C．sounds D．feels 4．A group of little ducks __________ their mother into the river and swim away. A．follow B．miss C．help D．cross 5．Our school basketball team ________ in the final of the basketball competition. Another team from No.5 Middle School ________ doing very well too. A．is; isn’t B．are; aren’t C．is; are D．are; is 6．—What will the weather _______tomorrow? — It is going to_______ . A．be like; rainy B．be like; rain C．like; rain D．like; rainy 7．—How much ________ this pair of shoes? —Five dollars. A．am B．is C．are D．be 8．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 9．—I am feeling ill. What should I do? — eating junk food and breakfast every day. A．Stop; having B．Stop; have C．To stop; have. D．To stop; to have 10．—Do you know whom they will have ________the parts of car together?—Sorry,I have no idea. A．fix B．fixed C．to fix D．fixing 11．Karen and Helen _______ my brother's friends. I know _______. A．is; her B．are; them C．are; her D．is; them 12．Many students are so crazy about mobile games that they lose interest in their schoolwork, which _________ their parents and teachers a lot. A．worries about B．is worried about C．worries D．is worried 13．Their eyes __________blue, but ours_________black. A．are; are B．is; are C．are; is . D．are; is 14．— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A．Is;are B．Is;is C．Are;is 15．—Who are you _______? — My mother.

初中英语语法知识—动词的分类汇编

一、选择题 1．Karen and Helen _______ my brother's friends. I know _______. A．is; her B．are; them C．are; her D．is; them 2．Kay looked _________ at the guests who said that the food she cooked tasted _________. A．happily; wonderfully B．happily; wonderful C．happy; wonderful D．happy; wonderfully 3．I don’t have a baseball, but Alan A．do B．does C．have D．has 4．—Listen! I can hear someone __________ for help. —Is there __________? A．calling; anything wrong B．call; anything wrong C．calling; wrong anything D．call; wrong anything 5．Our school basketball team ________ in the final of the basketball competition. Another team from No.5 Middle School ________ doing very well too. A．is; isn’t B．are; aren’t C．is; are D．are; is 6．—Why ______ you so busy these days? —Because they arrived ______ London ______ the morning of July1. A．are; in , in B．are; in , on C．do; on , in D．do; at , on 7．A number of visitors ________visiting our school. The number of them________ about 180. A．is;are B．are; is C．is; is D．are; are 8．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 9．This is a photo of my grandpa. He young A．looks B．feels C．sounds D．hears 10．Lily and Lucy _______ their mother. They have big eyes and yellow hair. A．like both B．both are like C．both like D．are both like 11．—He’s never been late for school. —________________. A．So have I B．So am I C．Neither have I D．Nor am I 12．In the past he often made his sister____, but now he is often made ___by his sister. A．to cry; to cry B．cry; cry C．to cry; cry D．cry; to cry 13．This my sister and those my brothers. A．is, is B．are, are C．is, are 14．— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A．Is;are B．Is;is C．Are;is

新初中英语语法知识—动词的真题汇编及答案(1)

一、选择题 1．I don't have a Ping-Pong ball, _______ my brother _______. A．but; do B．and; does C．and;do D．but; does 2．—Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? —No, I don’t , but my twin brother . He's very fond of cooking. A．does B．do C．is D．are 3．Ted likes Art, his brother . A．but; isn't B．and; don't C．but; doesn't D．but ;don't 4．My mother with me ________ at my grandma’s home ________that snowy night. A．were, at B．was, at C．was, on 5．—_______everyone get tired today? —Yes, we_______very tired the whole afternoon. A．Does; are all B．Do; are all C．Does; all are D．Is; all are 6．—How much ________ this pair of shoes? —Five dollars. A．am B．is C．are D．be 7．Which of the following sentences is right? A．My books on the desk B．Nice meet you, too C．These are my dictionaries D．Thanks you for your help. 8．This is a photo of my grandpa. He young A．looks B．feels C．sounds D．hears 9．The shopping mall near our school _________ for 12 hours a day. It _________ at 9:00 p.m.. A．opens; closes B．opens; is closed C．is open; is closed D．is open; closes 10．What a beautiful song! It ___________so sweet. A．feels B．sounds C．tastes D．smells 11．This my sister and those my brothers. A．is, is B．are, are C．is, are 12．Many students are so crazy about mobile games that they lose interest in their schoolwork, which _________ their parents and teachers a lot. A．worries about B．is worried about C．worries D．is worried 13．Karen and Helen _______ my brother's friends. I know _______. A．is; her B．are; them C．are; her D．is; them 14．—Do you have an art festival at school? —Yes, ________. A．we have B．we can C．we do 15．Tom and Jim __________ in Class 3. A．is B．be C．am D．are

[原创]汉语动词的分类和其语法功能

[原创]汉语动词的分类和其语法功能汉语动词的分类和其语法功能 2.1 汉语动词的分类动词定义:动词是表示动作、行为、存在、心理活动或发展变化的词，能带宾语，一般不受程度副词修饰，主要充当句子的谓语。动词的语义具有不同的特征，不同特征的动词往往就有不同的功能。例如: ~ 小李 II 睡了。(充当谓语) ~小李 II 已经睡了。(充当谓语中心) 动词的分类例子行为动词 ~行为动词指表示动作或行为的动词，具备动词的主要语跳、看、听、画、写、走、研究、买法特征，是典型的动词。心理动词爱、恨、憎、讨厌、妒忌、 ~心理动词是表示人物心理活动的动词。失望、思念、感到、觉得、以为能愿动词表示可能:能、能够、会、可可能 ~能愿动词，也叫“助动词”，是表示可能、必要、必然、表示意愿:愿意、乐意、情愿肯、想意愿、估价等意义的动词。要、要想、敢于 ~能愿动词主要用在动词和形容词前面作状语，不能直接表示必要:应、应该、应当、得(dei)、带体词性宾语。该、当、须得 ~能愿动词可以单独回答问题，但不能重叠，不能带动态表示估价:值得、便于、难于助词，但有些能愿动词可以用在“不,不”和“,不,” 的格式中。判断动词是 ~判断动词可以单独作谓语，主要作用是对事物加以判断或说明。 ~判断动词后面带体词性宾语，构成述宾短语。

趋向动词单音节趋向动词:上、下、进、出、 ~是表示动作行为趋向的动词。过、开、起、回、来 ~趋向动词既可以单独作谓语(谓语中心)，也经常用在多音节趋向动词:上来、下来、进来、动词或形容词的后面表示动作的趋向出来、过来、回来、下去、进去、出去使令动词使、令、叫、请、让、教派、 ~使令动词是表示命令或请求的动词。催、逼、求、托、命令、吩咐、鼓励、动员、组织号召表示存在、发展和变化的有、没、在、变、停、蹲、发展、开始、继续、消失 2.2 汉语动词的语法功能动词语法功能说明例子词形变化大多数动词可以重叠。单音节动词的重叠形式有AA式。第二个音节读轻音。想想、说说、看看双音节动词的重叠形式主要有ABAB式。第二、第四个音节都读轻声。研究研究、学习学习、这两种重叠，带有“尝试”的意味。表示动作的时间短，程度比较轻微。检讨检讨多数动词能够带宾多数的动词是充当句子的谓语或谓语中心，在1.弟弟II 在学习国语语法。语及物动词后面加上宾语，称为粘宾动词(例子 1)，也可以不带宾语(例子2)。不及物动词2( 属于大家。就不能带宾语(例子3)。 3. 这部戏我看过了。

新初中英语语法知识—动词的全集汇编

一、选择题 1．________he_______big________? A．Does; has; foot B．Does; have; feet C．Do; have; foots 2．The strawberries delicious. You can have a try. A．eat B．drink C．taste D．sound 3．My parents don’t_______me eat_______junk food. A．like; too many B．want; too much C．ask; too many D．let; too much 4．Lucy and I ________ good friends. A．am B．is C．are 5．—Let’s _________ the library this afternoon. —Sorry, I want _________ my grandfather. A．go to;to meet B．go to;meeting C．to go to;to meet 6．I think the music is great , and it is worth________ A．to listen B．to listen to C．listening D．listening to 7．A number of visitors ________visiting our school. The number of them________ about 180. A．is;are B．are; is C．is; is D．are; are 8．I tried to make the baby ________by singing, and that worked well at last. A．stop crying B．to stop crying C．stop to cry D．to stop to cry 9．—How much ________ this pair of shoes? —Five dollars. A．am B．is C．are D．be 10．Lily and Lucy _______ their mother. They have big eyes and yellow hair. A．like both B．both are like C．both like D．are both like 11．There________some water in the bottle. A．is B．am C．are D．be 12．—Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? —No, I don’t , but my twin brother . He's very fond of cooking. A．does B．do C．is D．are 13．—Where_______you come from? —I______from Japan A．are; am B．are; come C．do; come 14．I like this dress very much. It soft and smooth. A．feels B．touches C．is felt D．is touched 15．—Would you like to try some pizza? —Yes, please. It lovely and nice. A．sounds, sees B．looks, smells C．hears, turns D．sounds, watches 16．— What kind of home do you ? — A flat three bedrooms.

初中英语语法知识—动词时态的分类汇编及解析

一、选择题 1．—Remember the first time we met, Jim? —Of course I do. You ________ in the library. A．were reading B．have read C．will read D．read 2．— How about going for a drive, Mike? — One moment, please! I __________ cleaning our room soon. A．will finish B．have finished C．finish D．finishes 3．I________ cleaning my room.It’s clean now. A．have finished B．finished C．finish D．will finish 4．It ________ heavily when I left the movie theater. A．rains B．was raining C．is raining D．will rain 5．Dick __________ in America, but he has been ___________ Chinese food since he moved to China. A．used to live; used to eating B．is used to live; used to eat C．is used to live; used to eating D．used to living; used to eat 6．—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterda y afternoon. —I’m so sorry. But I my homework. A．had done B．was doing C．would do D．am doing 7．Sorry, Jenny isn’t here. She________ up some lights in the garden. A．put B．puts C．is putting D．has put 8．—I'm sorry. There was too much traffic on the road. —Never mind. The meeting________for only 5 minutes. A．has begun B．has stopped C．has been on 9．The Great Wall (长城) ________ long and it ________ a long history (历史). A．has; is B．is; is C．is; has D．have; has 10．They the English role play for the show last night. A．will practice B．practiced C．is practicing D．have practiced 11．— Look after yourself on your way to Gungzhou,dear. — OK, mom.I will call you________get there. A．as soon as B．so that C．because 12．—Surprise! Cindy is singing in the concert. —But she ______. A．will refuse B．refused C．refuses D．has refuse 13．It’s _______today．I think it’s going to________． A．cloud，rain

现代汉语的词性分类

现代汉语的词可以分为两类12种词性。一类是实词：名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词和代词。一类是虚词：副词、介词、连词、助词、叹词和拟声词。实词一．名词表示人和事物的名称叫名词。如“黄瓜、猪、马、羊、白菜、拖拉机、计算机”。 1、表示专用名称的叫做“专用名词”，如“云南、上海、李白、白居易，中国”。 2、表示抽象事物的名称的叫做“抽象名词”，如“范畴、思想、质量、品德、品质、友谊、方法”。 3、表示方位的叫做“方位名词”，如“上、下、左、右、前、后、中、东、西、南、北、前面、后边、东边、南面、中间”等。二．动词动词表示人或事物的动作、行为、发展、变化。 1、有的动词表示一般的动作，如"来、去、说、走、跑、吼、叫、学习、起飞、审查、认识"等。 2、有的动词表示心理活动，如“想、重视、注重、尊敬、了解、相信、佩服、惦念”等，这样的动词前面往往可以加上“很、十分”。 3、有的动词表示能够、愿意这些意思，叫做“能愿动词”，它们是

“能、要、应、肯、敢、得（dei）、能够、应该、应当、愿意、可以、可能、必须”，这些能愿动词常常用在一般的动词前面，如“得去、能够做、可以考虑、愿意学习、应该说明、可能发展”。 4、还有一些动词表示趋向，叫做“趋向动词”，如“来、去、上、下、进、出、上来、上去、下来、下去、过来、过去、起来”，它们往往用在一般动词后面表示趋向，如“跳起来、走下去、抬上来、跑过去”。 5、“是”“有”也是动词，跟动词的用法一样，“是”也成为判断动词。三．形容词形容词表示事物的形状、性质、颜色、状态等，如“多、少、高、矮、胖、瘦、死板、奢侈、胆小、丑恶、美丽、红色”。状态形容词通红、雪白、红通通、黑不溜秋等前面不能加“很”。四．数词数词是表示事物数目的词。如“一、二、两、三、七、十、百、千、万、亿、半”。五．量词量词是表示事物或动作单位的词。汉语的量词分为名量词和动量词。 1、名量词表示事物的数量，又可以分为单位量词和度量量词。单位量词表示事物的单位，如“个、张、、只、支、本、台、架、辆、颗、

初中英语语法动词一教案

第8单元动词(一) （一）动词的种类动词是表示动作或状态的词，按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词。 1．行为动词行为动词可分为及物动词(vt)和不及物动词(vi)，及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，后跟宾语；不及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，但后面不能直接跟宾语，如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。『例』 Thestudentsarelisteningtotheteachercarefully.(vi) 2．连系动词连系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有be,get,turn,become,look,feel,grow,seem,sound,taste,smell等。『例』 3．助动词助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定，疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征，助动词有be,do,have,shall,will等。『例』 Thechildrenareplayingyo- 4．情态动词情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有can (could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare等。『例』CanIhelpyou? -Mustwegonow? –No,youneedn’t. a.can与beableto的用法有所区别。can只用于一般现在时和过去时，指本身有能力的“能”；beableto用于各种时态均可，指须经过努力而“能”。 b.must与have/hasto的用法。must表示说话人主观认为“必须”，只用于一般现在时和一般将来时；have/hasto表示客观需要，意为“不得不”，它可用于各种时态。 c．need和dare既可作情态动词也可作行为动词。（二）动词不定式动词不定式todo没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语，但可以和助动词或情态动词构成谓语，又可以在句子中作宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、主语、表语等。但它毕竟是动词，因此，具有动词的许多特点，如它可以有自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。 1．作主语：『例』但实际上不定式作主语常用it来作形式主语，而将不定式移至谓语动词后作真正的主语。

英语语法动词归纳总结

英语语法动词归纳总结一、单项选择动词 1．Being an experienced lecturer, Mr. Black____ his speech to suit a younger audience. A．simplified B．addressed C．exchanged D．delivered 【答案】A 【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个经验丰富的演讲者，布莱克先生简化他的演讲以适应年轻听众的需要。A. simplified简化；B. addressed称呼；C. exchanged交换；D. delivered递送。故选A。 2．— What do you suggest he do to get rid of the financial trouble? — As is often the case in the business world, he should ______ the dangerous situation he is in now. A．look up to B．wake up to C．live up to D．stand up to 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语。A. look up to尊敬；B. wake up to认识到；C. live up to做到；D. stand up to经得起，抵抗。句意：——你建议他做些什么来摆脱财务困境？——就像商界的情况一样，他应该清醒地认识到他现在所处的危险境地。表示认识到，故选B. 3．224. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _____ behind his back. A．being mopped B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied 【答案】D 【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个谋杀犯被带了进来，手被捆在背后。with的宾语his hands与动词tie构成被动的关系，故使用过去分词。故选D。 4．The people succeeded because they understood that you can’t let your failures _________ you ——you have to let your failures teach you. A．define B．decline C．qualify D．simplify 【答案】A 【解析】【详解】考查动词。A. define定义；B. decline下降；C. qualify限定；D. simplify简化。句意：人们成功是因为他们明白，你不能让失败定义你——你必须让失败教会你。故选A。

新初中英语语法知识—动词的分类汇编附解析

一、选择题 1．Tom and Jim __________ in Class 3. A．is B．be C．am D．are 2．— ________ your cousin and her friends like history? —Yes, they ________ it’s very interesting. A．Does; think B．Do ; think C．Do; thinks 3．My mother with me ________ at my grandma’s home ________that snowy night. A．were, at B．was, at C．was, on 4．My parents don’t_______me eat_______junk food. A．like; too many B．want; too much C．ask; too many D．let; too much 5．I tried to make the baby ________by singing, and that worked well at last. A．stop crying B．to stop crying C．stop to cry D．to stop to cry 6．—How much ________ this pair of shoes? —Five dollars. A．am B．is C．are D．be 7．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 8．Which of the following sentences is right? A．My books on the desk B．Nice meet you, too C．These are my dictionaries D．Thanks you for your help. 9．—Hey, Jack. Do you want to go to the library? —That ________ great. I love reading. A．hears B．looks C．sounds D．listens 10．—The books on the table_________ Mike’s, r ight? —Yes, they are. A．am B．is C．are 11．This my sister and those my brothers. A．is, is B．are, are C．is, are 12．—________ Mary________ fruit? —Of course. A．Is; like B．Does; likes C．Does; like D．Do; likes 13．Karen and Helen _______ my brother's friends. I know _______. A．is; her B．are; them C．are; her D．is; them 14．— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A．Is;are B．Is;is C．Are;is 15．— When and where shall we meet? — Let's ________it half past nine.

汉语动词分类

汉语动词分类动词可以从不同的角度进行分类：根据语义特征，动词可以分为：动作动词：如：跑、看、听、说、写、走、研究、买等存现动词：如：在、有、发生、出现、具有等关系动词：如：是、像、姓、属于、成为、仿佛等能愿动词：如：会、能、可以、能够、要、肯、必须、应该等趋向动词：如：来、去、上、下、进、出、回、上来、进去等心理动词：如：爱、恨、想、喜欢、讨厌、希望等使令动词：如：使、叫、让、请、要求等注意：心理动词可以受程度副词的修饰，但和形容词仍存在区别，即心理动词一般可以带宾语，而形容词一般不可以。根据带宾语的情况，可分为：及物动词：谓宾动词：宾语是动词或形容词。如进行、加以、开始等体宾动词：宾语是名词。如学习、吃、保护、给、送、借等不及物动词：咳嗽、游行、休息、毕业、来、失败、见面等这种分类看上去种类繁多，似乎没什么用处，实际上，在教学过程中是非常有用的。如汉语中有的动词后能带“了”，有的却不能（关系动词、能愿动词）；有的能带宾语有的不能；有的能重叠，有的不能（能愿动词）；有的能受程度副词的修饰（心理动词），有的却不能。如果没有以上分类，这些问题是很难说清楚的。所以作为对外汉语教师是应该了解这些术语的。除了上述分类外，对外汉语教师还应该了解一下动词的另一种分类方法。即：根据动词的情状分类。从意义上说，动词表示人或事物的动作行为、变化或状态，这些都与时间有着密切的关系，所以动词最基本的特性是时间性。动词本身在时间意义上表现出的各种状态，比如持续的、瞬间的、静态的等等，就是动词的情状。根据动词前面能否接“在”、“正在”，后面能否带“着”、“了”或时间短语等语法形式，可以把动词分为一下几类。根据动词的情状，可分为：静态动词：前不可加“正、在”，后不可加“着、了”等。如姓、是、有等。持续动词：前可加“正、在”，后可加“着、了”等。如登、盼、看、听等。终结动词：意义本身包含着终结点。如成为、放松、抓紧、改正、提高等。

英语语法动词及动名词

1）表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2）根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如： We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。（having是实义动词。） He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。（has是助动词。） 3）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如： She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。） She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。） 4）根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如： She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。） She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。 5)根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（Phrasal Verb）、动词短语（V erbal Phrase）例如： The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。） Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。） The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。） 6）动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。