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专四语法练习

Ex27

1. People are told to _______ for pickpockets.

A) look

B) warn

C) watch out

D) prepare

1．C）look for是固定搭配，意为“寻找”，用在此处不合题意。prepare for 作“为……做准备”讲，用在此处也不会题意。warn请用于“warn（sb．）that…”或“warn sb．of（against）sth．”中，如：we warned them against going skating on such thin ice．我们警告他们不要在这样薄的冰上溜冰。又如：We warned him of the danger ahead. 我们警告他前方有危险。watch out for意为“当心，提防”，如：You can't learn English well without watching out for idiomatic ways of saying things．如果不注意讲话中的习惯用法就学不好英语。由此可见C）为正确答案。

2. People have no trust ________ his words.

A) on

B) to

C) with

D) in

2．D）have trust in是固定搭配，意为“信任，依赖”，如：A child usually has perfect trust in its mother. 小孩通常完全依赖母亲。其他各词一般不与trust连用，因此D）是惟一正确答案。

3. People who refuse to _______ with the law will be punished.

A) obey

B)consent

C) conceal

D) comply

3．D）尽管obey与comply都有“遵守，照做”的意思，但是obey是及物动词，后面应直接跟宾语，如：The part should obey the whole. 局部应服从全局．comply作为不及物动词则经常与with搭配，如：You must comply with the library rules．你。必须遵守图书馆的规则。consent作“同意，赞成”讲，常与to搭配，如：He consented to my proposal．他同意我的提议。conceal意为“隐藏，隐瞒”，如：They tried to conceal the secret from me．他们试图对我隐瞒这个秘密。

4. People who want progress are hospitable ________ new ideas.

A) towards

B) from

C) to

D) at

4. C）hospitable意为“易接受的，好客的”，后常跟介词to，如：Tom is always hospitable to his guests．汤姆对客人总是很殷勤。

5. Physics is the present-day equivalent of ________ used-to be called natural philosophy, from which most of present-day science arose.

A) that

B) all

C) which

D) what

5．D）what引导的从句相当于一个名词，可作介词的宾语，此时what相当于all that，例如：We're thinking of what we should do next．我们在想下一步该做什么。There is some truth in what he has just said．他刚才讲的多少有点道理。that，which可用来引导宾语从句，但该从句一般不能作介词的宾语，所以A）that和C）which错误．B）all不能用来引导从句，而只可以作先行词，由that引导出其定语从句，例如：I've brought all that you need．我把你需要的东西都带来了。All that glitters is not gold．闪光的并不都是金子。The doctor did all that was humanly possible．医生已尽了全力。因此，all错误。

6. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you _______ the new carpet.

A) crash

B) pollute

C) spot

D) stain

6．D)stain意为“污染，玷污”，如：His fingers and clothes were stained with paint．他的手指和衣服上沾满了油漆．crash意为“碰撞，坠落，坠毁”，如：The bus crashed into a tree．公共汽车猛撞在一棵树上。pollute 意为“污染”，该词强调给人们的生活造成的危害，如：Something must be done to prevent waste water from polluting rivers．必须采取措施防止废水污染河流。spot意为一有污点或斑点”，如：This linen cloth spots easily．这麻布容易沾污．由此分析可以看出，D）最符合题意。

7. Please come and help me with this form because I don't know how to _______it.

A) set about

B) set off

C) set aside

D) set up

7．A）set about意为“开始，着手”，如：I don't know how to set about this job．我不知如何着手做这项工作。set off作“开始（旅行、赛跑等），出发”讲，如；They have set off on a journey around the world．他们已出发去环球旅行。set aside意为“留出，拨出”，如：Every month he sets aside some money for his son's education．每月他都留出一些钱用于他儿子的教育。set up意为“成立，建立”，如：A new government was set up after the war．新政府于战后成立。

8. Please come to the point, you are ________ the subject again.

A) straying from

B) getting oft

C) dwelling in

D) giving up

8. A）stray (away) from意思是“价高，掉队，离题”，符合本句句意“请说到点子上，你又跑题了。”get off 有“下车，脱下，动身”等意思，如：We will get off at the next stop．我们下一站下车。give up作“停止，废弃，戒掉”讲，如；He has given up smoking．他戒烟了。dwell in英语中无此固定搭配。

9. Please let me know if any difficulties ________.

A) arise

B) find

C) come

D) happen

9．A）arise意为“开始，出现，受到注意”，通常以抽象名词作主语，如：difficulties will arise as we do the work．我们做这一工作时会遇到许多困难。find意为“发现，找到”，多用作及物动词，后须接宾语，根据句子结构，B）当排除。come可作“（事物）来到，产生”讲，通常和to连用，后接宾语，如：A new idea has come to my mind．我想出了一个新主意。happen 意为“发生”，通话表示仍然情况，如：Many traffic accidents happened because of the heavy fog．大雾天里发生了多起交通事故．根据以上释义可知A）为正确答案。

10. Pollution has _______ a lot of damage to the environment.

A) created

B) made

C) got

D) done

10．D）create意为“创造，创作”，如：Dickens created many wonderful characters in his novels. 狄更斯在他的小说中创造了许多有血有肉的人物。make意为“创造，产生”，尤指费力而做成，如：We make bottles out of glass. 我们用玻璃制造瓶子。get意为“获得，取得”，如：This room gets very little sunshine．这个房间几乎晒不到太阳。do可作“造成”讲，常与damage，injury，harm等词连用，后接介词to，如：The storm did great damage to the crops．暴风雨给农作物造成很大的损害。因此只有D）最合题意。

11. Prisons in some countries are short of staff, _______ means each prison officer is overworked and underpaid.

A) which

B) this

C) what

D) it

11．A）根据句子结构我们可以看出，句子的后面部分为非限制性定语从句，而this，what和it均不能引导定语从句。which用在此处指代前面的整个句子，如：He ate some bad bread，which made him feel ill．他吃了些变质的面包，结果病倒了。

12. Problems often _______when you least expect them.

A) arouse

B) rise

C) raise

D) arise

12. ）arise意为“开始，出现，受到注意”，是不及物动词，且常以抽象名词作主语，如：It is a pity that a quarrel arose between the good friends．真遗憾，好朋友吵了起来。而rise的意思通常是“升高，向上去”，是不及物动词，如：Prices keep rising．物价不断上涨。arouse 意为“唤醒，引起，激起”，是及物动词，后面一般跟抽象名词作宾语，如：If you want to arouse my interest in foreign languages，why don't you pay for me to study abroad？你要是想引起我对外语的兴趣，为什么不花钱让我出国留学？raise意为“提高，抬高”，也是及物动词。如：He often raises questions in class．课上他常提问题、由以上分析不难看出D）为正确答案。

13. Professor Smith and Professor Brown will ________ in giving the class lectures.

A) alter

B) change

C) alternate

D) differ

13．C）alternate意为“交替，更迭，轮流”，如：Day alternates with night．昼夜更替，日月轮回。alter则作“改变，改动，变更”讲，如: Beijing has altered a great deal since the liberation．解放以来，，北京的面貌发生了很大变化。change意为“改变，变化”，如：The traffic lights changed from red to green．交通灯从红色变成绿色了。differ作“不同，相异”讲，如：French differs from English in having gender for all nouns．法文与英文不同之处在于法文所有的名词都有性。

14. Reading _______ the mind only with materials-of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.

A) rectifies

B) prolongs

C) minimizes

D) furnishes .

14．D）furnish意为“供应；提供”，例如：This furnishes the best example of his unselfishness. 这是他无私精神的最好见证。rectify意为“纠正，矫正”，例如：Jim helped me to rectify the mistakes in my bill．吉姆帮助我改正账单上的错误。prolong意为“延长，拉长”，例如：All the time people are seeking to prolong life．人们一直在力求延年益寿。minimize意为“减到最小数量或最小程度”；例如：It's possible to get better results with minimized friction．把摩擦减到最低限度有可能获得更好的结果。

15. Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children _______ a violent act previously seen on television.

A) modifying

B) stimulating

C) accelerating

D) duplicating

15．D）duplicate意为“复制，复写”，此处用的是比喻意义“模仿”，如：Can you duplicate this key for me？你能为我配这把钥匙吗？modify作“修改，变更”讲，如：The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society．工业革命改变了整个英国的社会结构．stimulate意为“刺激，鼓励，促进”，如：Success win stimulate a man to further efforts．成功将激励人做进一步的努力。accelerate 意为“加速，加快”，如：The engineer accelerates a train by turning on more power．火车司机增加动力使火车加速。

16. Rejecting the urging of his physician father to study medicine, Hawking chose to ________ on math and theoretical physics.

A) impose

B) center

C) overwork

D) concentrate

16．D）concentrate on意为“集中注意力于，专心于”，如：He is concentrating on his work now．现在他正专心干工作。impose on则意为“征税，强加”，如：New taxes are imposed on wines and spirits. 酒类加征新税。center on作“集中于”讲，如：The workers’demands centered on pay and working conditions．工人的要求集中在提高工资和改善工作条件上。overwork意为“过度工作”，如：Don't overwork yourself．不要过分操

劳。

17. Retail sales volume in local urban and rural areas rose 57. 8% and 46. 8%, _______, over February 1995.

A) individually

B) respectively

C) correspondingly

D) accordingly

17. B）respectively意为“分别地，各自地”，最符合题意，如：We shall discuss the two questions respectively．我们将分别讨论这两个问题。individually意为“个别地，单独地”，如：Each fruit should be wrapped individually．每个水果都应单独包装。correspondingly意为"相应地，对应地"，如：The new edition is bigger and correspondingly more expensive．新版本更大，所以相应地更贵一些．accordingly则作“相应地，从而”讲，如：I have told you the circumstances，so you must act accordingly．我已把情况都告诉你了，所以你必须按照我所说的去办。

18. Safeguards must be provided _______ radioactive gas leakage and reactor failure.

A) to

B) against

C) with

D) on

18．B）介词against在此意为“以防，以备”，如：We should take precautions against fire．我们应防火于未燃。provide意为“给……提供”，可与with或for构成固定搭配，如：We are well provided with food and clothing．我们吃得好，穿得好。Our country provides free medical care for the patient．我们国家对病人提供公费医疗。但是provide 不与on搭配。

19. San Francisco is usually cool in summer, but Los Angeles _______.

A) is rarely

B) is scarcely

C) hardly is

D) rarely is

19. D）本句的内容是对旧金山和洛杉矾两地夏天气温的对比。两个分句之间从but来连接，表示前后意思的转折。前面分句中的usually是表示频度的副词，意为“经常，通常”，而选项B）中的scarcely和C）中的hardly均是表示程度的副词，因此，B）和C）都不是正确答案。与usually相对应的频度副词是rarely，这些表示频度的副词一般放在句中的情态动词、助动词或动词be之后，主要动词之前，如：The shop is usually closed at ten PM．这家商店通常在晚上10点钟打烊。Jinan is rarely cool in summer．济南夏天很少有凉爽的时候。但在省略句中，这类副词必须放在情态动词、助动词或动词be之前，如：Mary always takes much notice of advice，but John rarely does．玛丽总是十分注意听取别人的意见，而约论却很少这么做。John is always strict with himself in everything，but Jack never is．约翰做任何事情总是严格要求自己，而杰克却从不这样。题目中后面的分句省略了cool，因此。正确答案应该是D）。

20. Scarcely had we settled ourselves in our seats in the theatre _______ the curtain went up.

A) then

B) when

C) as

D) after

20．B）在“scarcely（hardly）…when”句型中，如果scarcely（hardly）位于句首，主句主谓要倒装，如：Scarcely had she agreed to marry him when she began to have serious doubts．她刚同意跟他结婚，就开始产生严重的疑虑。

21. Scientists everywhere are trying to ________ a cure for AIDS.

A) expect

B) invent

C) discover

D) make

21．C）discover作“发现”讲时，“发现”的对象是本来就存在的，是主语不知道的，如科学真理，新的区域等，如：By the year 2000，scientists probably will have discovered a cure for cancer．到2000年科学家很可能找到一种治疗癌症的方法．而expect则作“希望，期望”讲，如：He said the situation there was not so bad as had been expected．他说那里的形势并不像原来预料的那样糟糕．invent意为“发明”，如：Was the electric bulb

invented by Thomas Edison？电灯是托马斯·爱迪生发明的吗？make意思是“制造”，如：Have you any idea where the new instruments are made？你知道这些新仪器是哪里制造的吗？由此可见C）正确，其他均不符合题意。

22. Scientists say it may be five or ten years _______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.

A) since

B) when

C) after

D) before

22．D）“it is（was. 。。before”是常用结构，表示“在……以前花了多少时间，……很久以后才”，如：It was a long time before I got to sleep again．好久之后我才又睡着了。It was going to be some time before he would see them again．要过相当长的时间他才会再见到他们。在“It is（has been）+一段时间+ since”句型中，since 表了“自……以来有……时间了”，since后面从句的谓语动词所表示的动作在主句中的谓语动词动作以前发生，如：It's a long time since I ran into you last．从上次遇见你，已经很长时间了。It has been years since we got to know each Other．我们相识已经多年了。when引导的从句用在时间名词后面时通常作定语，来修饰前面的时间名词，如：Do you still remember the day when we joined the League？你还记得我们入团的那一天吗？I will never forget the years when we lived and worked together．我永远也不会忘记我们一起工作和生活的日子。after意为“在…之后”，显然与题意不符，故只有D）正确。

23. Scientists will have to _______ new methods of increasing the world's food supply.

A) catch up with

B) come up with

C) put up with

D) keep up with

23．B）短语动词come up with意为“提出，提供”，如：He could not come up with an answer when I asked him why he was late．当我问他缘何追到时，他无言以对。可见B）为正确答案。而catch up with却作“赶上，跟上”讲，put up with意为“忍受，容忍”，keep up with作“赶上，跟上”讲，用在此处均不会题意。

24. Shakespeare's birthplace is often visited as a _______.

A) shrink

B) shriek

C) shrine

D) shower

24．C）shrine意为“神殿，圣地”，如：He was born in Yan'an，sacred shrine of the revolution．他出生在革命圣地延安。shrink的意思是“收缩，缩小”，如：Woolen fabrics shrink in the wash．毛织物一洗就缩水。shriek的意思是“尖叫，发出尖叫”，如：He shrieked with pain．他痛得直叫。shower的意思是“阵雨，淋浴”，如：He took a cold shower every morning．他每天早晨洗冷水浴。

25. She ______ the book on the desk.

A) lied

B)lie

C) laid

D) lay

25. C）lied是不及物动词lie（撒谎，说谎）的过去时，不合题意，因此A）错误。lie是动词原形，除不符合题意外，主谓也不一致，所以B）不正确。laid是及物动词lay的过去式。意为“放置”，符合题意，如：Please lay the book where you took it．将书放回原处。lay一词两义，一方面是不及物动词lie（躺）的过去时，另一方面也可作动词原形，意为“放置”，虽然符合语义，但是此处不可用动词原形。

26. She ______ upon me, saying I was to blame.

A) retorted

B) resorted

C) retreated

D) resolved

26．A）retort意为“反驳”，如：He retorted the invectives on her．他用恶言还击她。resort意为“求助，诉诸”，如：She resorted to stealing when she had no more money．她没钱就偷。retreat意为“撤退”，如：At last we forced the enemy to retreat from the town．我们终于迫使敌军撤出该城。resolve意为“解决，消除”，如：The difference among them should be resolved by consultation．他们之间存在的分歧应通过协商解决。

27. She _______ with her aunt for the last couple of months.

A) has been living

B) is living

C) was living

D) lives

27．A）for后接表示一段时间的时间名词时，通常与完成时或完成进行时连用，说明某事一直进行了多长时间，如：It has been raining nonstop for three days. 雨一直不停地下了三天。因此该题只有A）为正确答案。

28. She asked the worker how long ________ to build the house.

A) it had taken

B) had it taken

C) would it take

D) it was taken

28. A）根据题意，此处应为关系副词短语how long引导的一个宾语从句。在该从句中除了关系词要前置外，其他成分要采用正常句子语序，可见A）为惟一正确答案。

29. She cleans her room once a week, and the job usually ______ her two hours.

A) spends

B) takes

C) works

D) continues

29．B）take可以用来说明做某事需要多少时间，主语可以是人，也可以是活动，还可以是形式主语，如：I took 3 hours to get home last night．（主语是人）昨天晚上我花了三个小时才到家。Painting the kitchen took me a whole week．（主语是某项活动）油漆厨房花了我整整一个星期。It took me 3 hours to get home last night．（形式主语it）昨天晚上我花了三个钟头才到家。spend作“花费（时间，金钱）”讲，主语一般是人，如：I spent a lot of time in writing the paper．我花了许多时间写这篇论文。work和continue均没有“花费时间”的意思，所以B）为正确答案。

30. She couldn't _______ for staying at home all day long. So she found a part-time job in a supermarket.

A) settle

B) live

C) stand

D) endure

30. A）settle for作“满足于，接受”讲，是固定短语。虽然stand也可与for搭配，但作“代替，代表”讲，如：The u. s. stands for the United States. “US”即代表“美国”。live与for虽能构成固定短语，但是作“盼望，特别注意”讲，如：That miser lives for his car．那个守财奴特别注意他的汽车。endure通常用作及物动词。

英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题及解析

2016年英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题参考答案与解析 11. How can I concentrate if you _________ continually ______ me with silly questions? A. have… interrupted B. are… interrupted C. had… interrupting D. were… interrupting 选A。虽然我觉得更应该说you are continually interrupting me with silly questions。不过这里用现在完成时表示的是一个动作发生过成为过去经历，有可能多次发生，也就是打断一次、两次、三次等等不断重复到现在。 12. Among the four sentences below, Sentence ___ expresses the highest degree of possibility? A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem. B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem. C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem. D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem. 选D。四个里把握度最高的是should，其次是may，最后是might和could。 13. She is a better speaker than _____ in the class. A. any boy B. the other boys C. other any girl D. all the girls 选A。主语是she，女的，所以不能选B。C的正确说法是any other girl。 14. Nobody heard him sing, ______? A. did one B. did he C. didn’t they D. did they 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）317页，nobody这种附加疑问句，书面语里用he。口语里偶见they。实际上，现代英语里为了避免有语言歧视（为什么只有he，没有she），很多人都避免只用he，而多改为they。 15. I can’t put up with ________. A. that friend of you B. that friend of yours C. the friend of you D. the friend of yours 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）57-58页，这种双重属格结构所修饰的名词可带a, any, some等表示非确定特指的限定词，但通常不带定冠词。比如a daughter of Mrs. Green’s, any/some daughters of Mrs/ Green’s。 16. There has been an increasing number of _______ in primary schools in the past few years. A. man teacher B. men teacher C. man teachers D. men teachers 选D。合成名词复数，man/woman这种，两种都要变成复数，比如women drivers。

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