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英语祈使句详解

1.祈使句的概念

表示请求、命令、建议、祝愿、邀请或要求的句子叫祈使句。用于祈使句句首的动词总是用原形，不能用其他形式。如：

Shut the door! 把门关上!Have a cup of coffee! 喝杯咖啡吧!

Let them go by train. 叫他们坐火车去吧。

祈使句的主语通常为第二人称(you)，但一般都被省略，只有在特殊的情况下才把主语(you)补充出来。如：You be quiet! 你安静! You go and tell him, Chris. 克立斯，你去告诉他。

You wait here for a moment. 你在这儿等一会儿。

有时祈使句的主语也可以是everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody等不定代词。如：

Stand up, everybody! 全体起立!Nobody move. 任何人都不许动。

2.祈使句表示强调

为了加强祈使句的语气，我们通常是在祈使句的动词原形前加上助动词do，此时通常译为“一定”“务必”等。如：Do be careful. 务必要小心。Do let me go. 一定让我去。

副词never和always有时可用于祈使句句首，表示强调。如：

Never do that again. 再不要这样做了。

Always look in the mirror before starting to drive. 一定要先看看反光镜再开车。

3.祈使句的否定式

构成祈使句否定式的方法很简单，那就是在动词原形前加don’t——不管祈使句所用的动词为什么性质动词，情况都是一样。如：

Open the window. 把窗户打开。→Don’t open the window.别把窗户打开。Come next Monday. 下周星期一来。

对于以let us或let’s开头的祈使句，其否定式通常是在不定式之前放一个not。如：

Let’s tell him the truth. 我们把实情告诉他吧。→Let s not tell him the truth. 我们不要把实情告诉他。

但在日常口语中，我们也可以把don’t放在let’s之前。如：Let’s don’t tell him the truth. 我们不要把实情告诉他)

4. 祈使句与连用please

为了使祈使句的语气变得委婉，我们可以在祈使句的句首或句末加上please——若加在句首，其后不用逗号；若加在句末，则通常会在please前加一个逗号。如：

Step this way, please. 请这边走。Please type your letter. 请把你的信打出来。

Open the window, please. 请把窗户打开。

如果是否定祈使句，则通常将please加在don’t之前。如： Please don’t get angry. 请不要生气。

5.祈使句的时间概念

祈使句所表示的时间总是指将来，所以与它连用的句子原则上要用将来时态来与它呼应。如：

Give me a hand, will you? 帮我一个忙，好吗? 由于give me a hand表示隐含将来意义，所以句中的will you 不能改为do you。

Try again and you will succeed. 你再试就会成功。由于句中的try again隐含将来意义，所以句中用了you will succeed，而不是you succeed。

Don’t do that again or you’ll be in trouble. 别再干那个了，否则你会有麻烦。句中的don’t do that again指的是以后不要再干那事了，由于隐含有将来意义，所以句中用了you’ll be in trouble，而没有用you are in trouble。

6. 祈使句的省略

一般说来，祈使句总是要以动词原形开头，但是，在某些特殊情况下，我们可以只用一个词或短语来表示祈使句的意义。如：

Just a few please. 请给几个就行了。A little more slowly please. 再慢一点。

A pound of butter. 给我一磅黄油。Two teas and four coffees, please. 请来两杯茶和四杯咖啡。

7.注意：祈使句何时可以保留主语you

第1情况为了有所区分，祈使句可以保留主语you。如：

You go on; I’ll wait. 你们先走，我等着。You wait here for a moment. 你在这儿等一会儿。

You girls stand in the front row. 你们女孩子站在前排。You play Romeo and you play Juliet. 你演罗蜜欧，你演朱丽叶。

You wait here, Jim, and Mary, you wait there. 你等在这儿，吉姆；玛丽，你等在那儿。

第2种情况为了表示生气或有意表示无礼，祈使句可以保留主语you。如：

You be quiet! 你给我安静!You stop talking. 你给住嘴。

You get out of here! 你给我滚出去。You do it right away. 你给我马上就去做。

8.祈使句备考注意

1. 祈使句主要用于提出请求，发出邀请，给予指示、忠告或警告，也可发出命令等。

2．祈使句的特点是：一般不出现主语(you)，但有时为了指明向谁请求或命令，也可以说出主语；谓语动词一律用原形；否定式一律在动词前面加don’t。如：

Come this way, madam. 这边走，夫人。Don’t lose the key. 别把钥匙丢了。

Someone fetch a pail of water. 谁去打一桶水来。

3.有关祈使句最可能涉及的考点是：祈使句带主语以及“祈使句+and / then / or+陈述句”这一句型(祈使句表示条

件)。另外，祈使句与反意疑问句一起考查也是高考一大特点。如：

Let’s phone her now, shall we? 我们现在就给她打电话，好吗?

You girls stand in the front row, will you? 你们女孩子站在前排，好吗？

Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam. 努力点，你会通过考试的。

9.没有动词的祈使句

祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、形容词、副词等，如：

Help! 救人哟!Fire! 失火了!Patience! 要有耐心!

Careful! 小心!Quickly! 快!Hands up! 举起手来！

Good heavens! 天哪!

10.“be+过去分词”用于祈使句

be可以和少数过去分词连用，用于祈使句当中。如：

Be prepared! 准备好! Please be seated! (请)坐下! Be warned! 该小心了!

11. “be+形容词”用于祈使句

只有表示一时的行为的形容词才可用于be / don’t be之后，如careful / careless, patient / impatient, quiet, silly 等(be / don’t be通常不可与指状态的形容词连用，如hungry / thirsty, pretty)。如：

Be quiet! 安静点！Don’t be silly! 不要发傻！Do be patient. 一定要有耐心。

Be careful about what you say. 说话要小心。Be more careful with your work. 你的工作要再细心一些。

Be careful not to break anything. 当心别打破什么了。

Be sure you don’t break any of them. 千万别把它们打破了。

Be sure to write to ma as soon as you get there. 到了千万给我来信。

Be sure and come as soon as possible. 一定要尽快来。

Be sure to send out all the invitations today. 一定要在今天把请帖都发出去。

12.“be+名词”用于祈使句

许多“be (肯定式) +名词”结构是习惯用法

Be a man! 要做个男子汉! Be an angel and fetch me my slippers please. 请行行好，把我的拖鞋拿来。

Go on! Have another slice! Be a devil! 继续吃呀! 再来一片! 放开吃!

否定式的“Don’t be+名词”结构要常用得多，往往与(愚蠢的)行为有关。如：

Don’t be a n ass / a clown / a fool / an idiot! 别当傻瓜/ 小丑/ 笨蛋/ 白痴!

请注意：“be+形容词+名词”结构：Be a good girl at sch001.Don’t be a silly idiot! 在学校你要做个好姑娘。别当个傻瓜!

be可以表示“成为”之义，尤其在广告中发。如：Be a better cook! Be the envy of your friends! 你可当个好厨师! 你可成为你的朋友们羡慕的对象!

否定式don’t be(=don’t become) 常用于劝告。如：Don’t be a racing driver! It’s So dangerous. 别当赛车运动员!太危险了。

be还可以意谓“装作”，特别是用在you后面。如：(You) be the fairy godmother and I’ll be Cinderella. 你装

仙姑，我装灰姑娘。Be a monster, granddad! 爷爷，你装个妖怪!

要注意类似下面这样的用法：Now be yourself again! 现在可再显出你的本色了！

祈使句例题：

1. The TV is too loud. Please________. A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it

2. _______ late again, Bill! A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not

3. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green. A. Not B. Won't C. Doesn't D. Don't

4. Please help me carry it, ______? A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we

5. Don't make so much noise, ______? A. will you B. won't you C. shall we D.do you

6. Do you know the girl ______under the tree? A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood

7. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow. A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing

8. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry. A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell

9. I've kept the dog _______Maomao for a long time. A. Name B. named C. naming D. to name

10. Don't you know that _______ is good for our health? A. swim B. swimming C. swam D. swims

11. _________ the milk and set a good example to the other children. A. Drink B. To drink

C. Drinking

D. Having drinking

12．________ me, and don’t just stand there laughing. A. Answer B. To answer C. An swering D. To be answering

13. _________ me, and then try to copy what I do. A. Watch B. Watching C. To watch D. Have watching

14._________ through this book and tell me what you think of it. A. Look B. Looking C. To look D. Having looked

15._________ it with me and I’ll see what I can do. A. Leave B. Leaving C. If you leave D. When left

16._________ down the radio —the baby’s asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. Turn C. Turned D. To turn

17._________ some of this juice — perhaps you will like it. A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Having tried

18._________ left when you get to the end of the street. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept

19._________ you hand over your mouth when you cough. A. Put B. Putting C. To put D. To be putting

20._________ him enough time to get home before you telephone. A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given

21._________ until the lights have turned to green. A. Wait B. To wait C. Waiting D. Having waited

22._________ the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally sewing them together.

A. Join

B. To join

C. Joining

D. Joined

句型转换

11. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句）___ read __ __ it __ again more slowly, please.

12. If you don't listen to me, I'll go. （改为同义句）_____ _____ me, or I’ll go.

13. Let's watch the sports games. （改为反意疑问句）Let's watch the sports games, _____ _____?

14. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句）_____ _____careless, please.

15. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）_____ _____ next to Nancy.

16. Don't forget to turn off the lights, please. （改为反意疑问句）Don't forget to turn off the lights, _____ _____?

17. If you move, you'll die. （改为同义句）_____ _____, or you'll die.

18. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为反意疑问句）Come to my house tomorrow, _____ _____?

19. 这是一个坏了的被子。（翻译句子）This is a ______ ______.

20. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。（翻译句子）Let’s go and help the _____ _____, please.

1-5. ABDBA 6-10. CADBB 11-15AAAAA 16-20BBAAA 21-22AA 11. Read it 12. Listen to 13. shall we 14. Don’t be 15. Don’t sit 16. will you 17. Don’t move 18. will / won’t you 19. broken glass / cup 20. crying girl

英语人教版七年级下册School Rules

人教版七年级下 Unit4 Don’t eat in class教案一、教学目标： 1. 语言知识目标： 1) 能掌握以下单词：rule, arrive, late, hall, dinning hall, listen, listen to, fight, sorry 2) 能掌握以下句型Don't eat in class. You must be on time. Eat in the dining hall. 2.学会用英语表达一些标志的含义,熟练使用目标语言谈论对某些规章制度（校规、家规等）的看法 3. 情感态度价值观目标：能用英语表达和制定一些简单的规则，理解没有规矩不成方圆；无论是在学校时还是在家庭中以及以后走上社会都应当遵守规则，按规则办事。二、教学重难点 1. 教学重点： 1) 肯定祈使句是省略掉主语的原形动词开头； 2) 否定祈使句则是在肯定祈使句前加上“don’t”。 3) 情态动词must及have to在用法上的区别。 2. 教学难点：掌握祈使句的用法，并能听懂、会说一些简单的祈使句。三、教学过程 Ⅰ.lead to 教师进教室后，使用祈使句请学生们完成一系列动作： Please stand up/ sit down. Close the door, please. Look at me and listen to me. Don’t open your books. Don’t talk. Let’s begin our class. 学生听教师的指令完成各种动作，教师也可将指令写到黑板上，让学生从视觉

上考察祈使句的特点。 Ⅱ. Show PPT 教师出示书上1a 的图片，向学生提问。 T：What’s the boy doing? S: He’s running. T: Where is he running? S: He’s running in the hallways.(板书，教读) T：Can you run in the hallways? S: No, I can’t. T: So please don’t run in the hallways.(板书，教读) 因为本课时主要谈论的事校规，所以我以自由谈话的方式，询问学生Do you like our school ? Do you enjoy ourselves in our school? 为新课的教学做好铺垫，营造轻松的教学环境。（2）以实物，图片的形式引入school rules 教学用类似的方法学习Don’t arrive late for class. III.学习方法： 1.自主学习:其目的是巩固记忆环节学习，为下一个环节的学习做好铺垫。 2.对子学习：此环节主要考虑到学困生的学习情况，怕他们理解错误或或者不能理解这些句子。这个环节中我让小组内的3号4号学生自由展示。这样即可以鼓励激发这部分学生的学习积极性，又可以了解他们的学习情况。 3.合作学习：设计此环节的目的主要是为了达到快速交流目的，能简单描述一件事情。让学生掌握祈使句及祈使句的否定形式。明白在学校应该干什么，不应该干什么，达到规范自己行为的目的。 1.个性展示 2.总结拓展：提高学生的自我整合知识体系能力。

英语祈使句详解

英语祈使句详解 1. 种类： 1）、直接祈使句直接祈使句指对二人称所下的命令。如： Shut the door! 把门关上! Have a shot at it! 试试看! Have a cup of coffee! 喝杯咖啡吧! Don’t have tomato soup!别吃番茄汤! Have a really good meal! 愿你享受一顿美餐! Get your eyes tested! 你去检查一下你的眼睛吧! Drop that gun. or I’ll shoot you.放下枪，不然我就打死你。 2）、间接祈使句间接祈使句指对一人称或第三人称所下的命令。如： Let me help you. 我来帮你吧! Please let us know when you are arriving. 请告诉我们你何时到达。 Let her do what she likes. 让她做她想做的事吧。 Let every man do his best. 让每个人人尽其才。 Don’t let them take advantage of you.别让他们占你的便宜。 2. 祈使句的概念表示请求、命令、建议、祝愿、邀请或要求的句子叫祈使句。用于祈使句句首的动词总是用原形，不能用其他形式。如： Shut the door! 把门关上! Have a cup of coffee! 喝杯咖啡吧! Let them go by train. 叫他们坐火车去吧。 Come and have dinner with us soon. 一会儿来跟我们一起吃饭吧。 Have fun! 愿你玩得快活! Have a good time! 祝你玩得开心! Have a good day! 祝你度过美好的一天! Have a really good meal! 愿你享受一顿美餐! Have a lovely party! 愿你有一次愉快的聚会! Have a really restful holiday! 愿你度过一次十分悠闲的休假! Have a really interesting debate! 愿你们有一次十分有趣的辩论! Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草地! Do not touch these wires. 请勿接触电线! Do not feed the animals! 不许给动物扔食物! Do not feed the lions. 请勿向狮子投喂食物! Don’t be rude.不要无礼。 Don’t you speak to me like that!你别这样跟我讲话! Stir, and you are a dead man. 动一下就要你的命。 Never speak to me like that again. 决不要再那个样子跟我说话。

初中英语――祈使句

初中英语――祈使句祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。 1. 肯定的祈使句（1）动词原形+其他（为了使祈使句语气委婉些，常在句首或句尾加上please, 若把please放在句尾，其前要用逗号隔开。） Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。（2）Be + adj.(形容词) Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心/ 当心！（3）Let's + 动词原形 Let’s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。 2. 否定的祈使句 (1) Don't + 动词原形 Don't stand up. 别站起来。 Don't be careless. 别粗心。 Don't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。（2）Let's ( let sb ) + not + 动词原形 Let's not say anything about it. 对于这件事，咱们什么也别说。 Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。（3）No+名词、动词-ing （“禁止做某事”，常用于公共场合的提示语） No photos. 禁止拍照！No smoking！禁止吸烟！ 3. 祈使句的反意疑问句 (1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句，反问部分用will you 或won't you。 Please open the door, will/ won’t you? 请把门打开，好吗？ (2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句，反问部分只用will you。 Don't be late again, will you? 别再迟到了，行不行？ (3) 以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句，反问部分用shall we。 Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开，好吗？ <特别注意> 只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we，而let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you. （因为let’s 包括说话人在内，而let us不包括）如：Let us stay here, will/ won't you? 请（你）让我们留在这好吗？语法练兵场

人教版七年级下册英语之祈使句巩固练习

巩固练习 Ⅰ. 单项选择。 1. ______ with fire. It’s very dangerous. A. Playing B. Play C. Don’t play D. Doesn’t play 2．Don’t _____ the radio. The baby is sleeping. A. turn off B. turn on C. turn over D. turn down 3. _____ hard and you’ll make prog ress in English. A. Work B. To work C. Working D. Worked 4. _____ worried about me Mom. I’ve grown up. A. Don’t B. Don’t be C. Not D. Not be 5. _______ late again, Bill! A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not 6. _______ cross the road until（直到）the traffic lights turn green. A. Not B. Won't C. Doesn't D. Don't 7. Please help me carry it, ______? A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we 8. Don't make so much noise, ______? A. will you B. won't you C. shall we D. do you 9. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow. A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing 10. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry. A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell 【真题链接】 1. _______ on the grass, or it will “cry”. (2015 陕西中考) A. To walk B. Not to walk C. Walk D. Don’t walk 2. _______ swim in the river alone, Karen. It’s too dangerous. (2015黑龙江绥化中考) A. Not B. Don’t C. Doesn’t 3. ________ along this street, and you can find the hotel on your right, next to the market. (2015 吉林长春中考) A. Walk B. To walk C. Walks D. Walking 4. Daniel，_______ play with the mobile phone while you’re walking in the street.(2015江苏盐城中考) A. don’t B. doesn’t C. won’t D. can’t Ⅱ. 将以下祈使句改为否定式。 1. Come here early. ________________________ 2. Ask him. _________________________ 3. Please wait for her. ___________________________ 4. Read the book carefully. ___________________________ 5. Sit under the tree, please. _____________________________

英语初中祈使句讲解及练习

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（三）L et祈使句（含有第一、三人称主语） 1.肯定句：Let sb. do sth. Let’s go swimming on Sunday. Let me try again. Let Tom go there himself. Let the news be known. Let each man decide for himself. 2.否定句：Let sb. not do sth. 或Don’t let sb. do sth. Don’t let her waste time. Don’t let him hear you say that. Let her not do it alone. Let’s not say anything about it. Don’t let them play with fire. 3.注意： Let’s表示包括对方。 Let us表示不包括对方。 Let’s go, shall we? （包括对方） Let us go, will you? （请求对方许，不包括对方）（四）句型转换：祈使句+and/or+陈述句祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句。 Use your head, and you will find a way. = If you use your head, you will find a way. Work hard, or you will fail. =If you don’t work hard, you will fail.

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