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英语八大时态结构_含例句

英语八大时态结构_含例句
英语八大时态结构_含例句

时态(8个):

一般现在时: 经常或习惯性的动作

结构: 肯定句主语+be (am, is, are ) + 其他 eg: I am Chinese.

否定句主语+be not +其他 eg: I am not a boy.

疑问句 Be+主语+其他 eg: Are you a girl?

或: 肯定句主语+动原+其他 (三单作主语动词要变形)

eg: I (He) often get (gets) up early.

否定句主语+don't+动原+其他 (三单作主语don't变doesn't)

eg: I (She) don’t (doesn’t) like him.

疑问句 DO+主语+动原+其他 (三单作主语do变does)

eg: Do (Does) you (she) like playing baseball?

关键词: sometimes=at times有时,often经常, usually通常, always总是,

every day每天, on Sunday afternoon在周日下午, five days a week一周五天, three times a month 一个月三次…

现在进行时: 正在发生的动作

结构: 肯定句主语+be+动词的现在分词(ing)+其他 eg: I am reading now.

否定句主语+be not+动词的现在分词(ing)+其他 eg: I am not working.

疑问句 Be +主语+动词的现在分词+其他 eg: Are you sleeping?

关键词:now现在, at the moment此刻, look, listen, keep quiet等提示语.

一般将来时: 将要发生的动作

结构: 肯定句主语+will+动词原型+其他 eg: I will call you later.

否定句主语+will not +动词原型+其他 eg: I will not go to the park.

疑问句 Will +主语+动词原型+其他 Will you go shopping with her?

(will 可改为be going to ,当主语是第一人称时will可用shall)

关键词:tomorrow, next year明年, tonight今晚, this year今年, at the end of this term这学期期末, from now on从现在开始, soon一会儿马上, later后稍后,in three days三天之内, in the future 未来…

一般过去时: 过去发生的动作强调时间

句子结构:肯定句主语+be(was,were)+其他 eg: I was born on July.1st, 2000.

否定句主语+be not+其他 eg: I was not born in 1999.

疑问句 Be+主语+其他 eg: Were you born in January?

或: 肯定句主语+动词的过去式(ed)+其他 Lily went shopping yesterday.

否定句主语+did not+动原+其他 eg: He did not go to school today.

疑问句 Did+主语+动原+其他eg:Did she pass the test?

关键词:yesterday昨天,last week上周, last year去年, 一段时间+ago如ten years ago十年前 five hours ago五小时前, in +年/月,on+具体日期...

Just now=a moment ago刚才,in the old days从前, long ago很久以前...

过去进行时: 过去正在发生的动作

结构: 肯定句主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他

eg: I was doing my homework at 8 o’clock yesterday evening.

否定句主语+was/were not +动词的现在分词+其他

They were not staying at home at this moment last Sunday.

疑问句 Was/Were + 主语+ 动词的现在分词+其他

Were you sleeping when I called you last night?

关键词:具体时间如:at ten o'clock yesterday morning, at this moment last Sunday上周日的这个时候...

现在完成时: 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响强调动作或其产生的结果

结构:肯定句主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他(三单变成has)

eg: This year alone, we've already planted ten thousand trees

否定句主语+have/has not+动词的过去分词+其他

eg: He has not arrived at home yet.

疑问句 Have/Has +主语+动词的过去分词+其他

eg: Have you been to China?

关键词:already已经, yet还, just刚刚, ever曾经, never从不,so far目前, for +一段时间,since+过去的具体时间,this year alone今年以来,these five years alone这五年以来",in the last ten years 在过去的十年中…

过去将来时:

结构: 肯定句主语+ would+动原+其他 eg: I didn't know if he would come.

否定句主语+ would not +动原+其他

eg: They were not going to go hiking unless they finished their homework.

疑问句 Would+主语+动词原型+其他 (would you like是词组一个固定搭配一般用表示礼貌的问)

eg: Would you like to have a dinner with me?

(would可改为was/were going to ,主语第一人称时would也可以用should)

过去完成时:

结构: 肯定句主语+had +动词的过去分词+其他

eg: Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.

否定句主语+had not +动词的过去分词+其他

eg: He said he has not been to America.

疑问句 Had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他

eg: Had he completed his homework by the time you got there.

关键词: 句子中的两个动作都发生在过去

一、一般现在时:

概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

时间状语:often,usually,always,sometimes,every week(day,year,month...),once a week,on Sundays,etc.

基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词

否定形式:① am /is /are +not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词 do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

二、一般过去时:

概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month...),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.

基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词

否定形式:① was/were +not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:①was或were放在句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。

三、现在进行时:

概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

时间状语:now,at this time,these days,etc.

基本结构:am/is/are +doing

否定形式:am/is/are +not+doing

一般疑问句:把be动词放在句首

四、过去进行时:

概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

时间状语:at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

基本结构:was/were +doing

否定形式:was/were +not+doing

一般疑问句:把was或were放在句首

五、现在完成时:

概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

时间状语:recently,lately,since...,for...,in the past few years,etc.

基本结构:have/has +done

否定形式:have/has +not+done

一般疑问句:have/has放于句首

六、过去完成时:

概念:以过去某一时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。

时间状语:before,by the end of last year(term,month...),etc.

基本结构:had +done

否定形式:had +not+done

一般疑问句:had放于句首

七、一般将来时:

概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间状语:tomorrow,next day(week,month,year....),soon,in a few minutes,by...,the day after tomorrow,etc.

基本结构:①am/is/are/going to +do;②will/shall+do

否定形式:①am/is/are +not+going to +do;② will/shall+not+do

一般疑问句:①be放于句首;② will/shall提到句首

八、过去将来时:

概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

时间状语:the next day(morning,year...),the following month(week...),etc.

基本结构:①was/were/going to +do;② would/should +do

否定形式:①was/were/not+going to +do;②would/should +not+do

一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首

一般现在时讲解与练习

1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

构成: 1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"或变“y”为“ies”如:Mary likes Chine se.玛丽喜欢汉语。Miss Gu teaches us English. 顾老师教我们英语。 She studies Chinese every day.她每天学习语文。否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句:

1. be动词的变化。否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。

一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I’m not.

特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?

2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语+ don’t(doesn’t ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:I don’t like bread.

当主语为第三人称单数时,要用do esn’t构成否定句。如:He doesn’t often play.

一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:- Do you often play football?

- Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:- Does she go to work by bike?

- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.

特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?

一般现在时的动词形式

一般现在时主要由动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后的动词词尾有所变化。第三人称单数动词词尾的变化有几种形式:一般情况加-s reads, says, takes

以ch, sh, s, x, 或o结尾的词加-es teaches, washes, goes, misses, mixes

以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加-es studies, cries, carries

一般现在时:表示站在“现在”这个时段叙述一般情况下发生的事情或状态, 经常性或习惯性的动作。用法:(1)Be型句子(即句子里动词为am或is或are)以be为助动词,注意主谓搭配

例:He is a teacher. → Is he a teacher? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t→ What is his job?

I am / You are / He is / She is / It is / We are / You are / They are

(2) 行为动词句子(do型)

Ⅰ主语为第一,第二人称及复数,助动词为do (don’t).

My parents like watching TV in the evening. → Do your parents like watching TV in the evening? Yes, they d

o. / No, they don’t.→ What do they do in the evening?

Ⅱ若人称为第三人称单数,助动词为does (doesn’t),肯定句(仅肯定句)时动词要有变化,否定句与疑问句动词不变(基本同名词复数变化)与上面的一组句子比较。

My father likes watching TV. → Does your father like watch TV ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.→ What does y our father do in the evening?

一般现在时动词口诀: 肯定句:单数开头S形式,复数,你我用原形

否定句:单数开头doesn’t加动词,复数、你我don’t加动词

一般疑问句:单数Does××加动词,复数、你我Do××加动词

2.第三人称单数的动词变化规则

(1)多数动词直接加s: runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs…….

(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母, 结尾加es : watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixe s

(3)动词末尾y前为辅音: 将y改i加es: study→studies fly→flies y前若为元音则直接加s: buys says

小学现在进行时讲解一、现在进行时的定义,构成,标志性词语定义:表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作或存在的状态。构成:由be(am/is/are) +动词----ing形式构成标志性词语标志性词语标志性词语标志性词语: 1.现在进行时现在进行时现在进行时现在进行时....通常用通常用通常用通常用“now”eg: I am doing my homework now 2现在进行时....通常用“look”.... eg: L ook! My mother is running!!!eg: 3.现在进行时....通常用“listen”eg: Listen! They are reading

4.现在进行时....通常用“at the (this) moment”eg: At the (this) moment, he is only weeping.eg:

二、动词现在分词的构成规则 1 一般情况下直接加ing think------------thinking sleep------------sleeping study------------studying speak------------speaking say------------saying carry------------carrying wake------------waking 2 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ing come------------coming make------------making leave------------leaving h ave------------having take------------taking 3 以重读闭音节(重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音并且重读的音节)结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing stop------------stopping sit------------sitting run------------running forget------------forgetting b egin------------beginning这类词还有:bigin,cut, get,hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, no d, dig,forget, regret, rid, 等。4以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y,再加ing die------------dying li e------------lying 三、现在进行时的用法(1)用来表示说话时正在进行或者发生的动作,例如:Mother is cooking in the kitchen.妈妈在厨房里煮饭。What are you looking at? are you lookin g at? 你在看什么?(2)用来表示现阶段正在进行的动作(但说话时不一定在进行),例如:

Is she writing a novel? 她正在写一本小说吗?(3)用来表示即将发生的动作,一般是指按计划或者安排好要发生的动作。适用于这种情况的动词主要有:go,come,leave,start,arrive等。例如: I’m going home in half an hour.我一个半小时内要回家。The train is arr iving soon.火车很快就要到达了。四、现在进行时的句型变化肯定式结构:主语+be+动词----in g形式+其他....例如:

We are running now. 否定式结构:主语+be+not+动词----ing形式+其他.例如:They aren’t doing their homework. 一般疑问句式结构:Be+主语+动词----ing形式+其他?例如:Is she having Engl ish lesson? 回答:肯定:Yes, she is. 否定:No, she isn’t. 特殊疑问句式结构:疑问词+be+主语+其他?例如: What is he doing now? 回答:He is swimming.

一 构成1 Be 动词的一般过去时态. 在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词 am is 的过去式为w as; are的过去式为were. 构成 肯定句 主语+was (were) +表语如 I was late yesterday. 昨天我迟到了。 否定句 主语+was (were) +not+表语如 We weren't late yesterday. 我们昨天没迟到 【注意】 当句中含有系动词was were时 可直接在其后加not构成否定句。如 I was on the Internt when you called me.当你打电话给我时 我在上网。→ I was not/wasn'ton the Inter nt when you called me .当你打电话给我时 我不在上网。疑问句 Was (Were) +主语+表语如 Were you ill yesterday? 你昨天病了吗 肯定回答 Yes,I was. 是的 我病了。 否定句 No,I wasn't. 不 我没病。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语如 Whe n were you born? 你是什么时候出生的 2 实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式 否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does 的过去式did. 肯定句为 主语+动词过去式+宾语

如 I went home at nine o'clock yesterday. 我昨天九点钟回的家。 否定句 主语+didn't+动词原

形+宾语如 I didn't go home yesterday. 我昨天没回家。 疑问句 Did +主语+动词原形+宾语如 Did you go home yesterday? 你昨天回家了吗 肯定回答 Yes,I did. 是的 我回了。 否定回答 No,I didn't. 不 我没回家。 3 助动词和情态动词过去式如下 sha ll―should 将要 用于第一人称单数will―would 将要 用于所有人称can—could 能 会 may―might 可以 must―must 必须 have to―had to 不得不 助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式 后面的动词还使用原形。如 I had to do my homework yesterday. 昨天我不得不做作业。

1 一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生 也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响 只说明过去的事情。句式 主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨 我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。

2 带有确定的过去时间状语时 要用过去时。如 yesterday 昨天、the day before yesterday 前天、two days ago…两天前…、the other da y前几天、last night (week 、Sunday 、weekend、month、winter、year、century 世纪 、ago 很久以前 一段时间+ago 、this morning/afternoon/evening 、just now 刚刚、at the moment 此刻、at the ag e of 8在8岁的时候、one day 、once upon a time 很久以前、in the old days 过去的日子里、long long ago很久以前Did you have a party the other day 前几天 你们开了晚会了吗 Lei Feng w as a good soldier. 雷锋是个好战士。注意 在谈到已死去的人的情况时 多用过去时。(

3 表示过去连续发生的动作时 要用过去时。这种情况下 往往没有表示过去的时间状语 而通过上下文来表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment looked at the captain and then died. 那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿 看看船长 然后就去世了。

4 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always never等连用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。 只是说明她过去的动作 不表明她现在是否常带着伞。 比较Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是带着伞。 说明这是她的习惯 表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞 Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella. 彼得太太总是带着一把伞。 表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦 I never drank wine. 我以前从不喝酒。 不涉及到现在 不说明现在是否喝酒

5 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do 过去常常做 而现在不那样做了 He used to d rink alcohol. 他过去喝酒。 意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了 I used to take a walk in the morning. 我过去是在早晨散步。 意味着现在不在早晨散步了 只是说明过去这一动作

6 有些句子 虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语 但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话 也要用过去时。I didn''t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。 因为在说话时 我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前 所以只能用过去时表示。实际上 这句话暗指 But now I know you are here.

实义动词过去时变化规律:①一般情况下,在动词原形后直接加ed。(所谓的一般情况,就是除了以下②、③、④三种情况)

如:wanted,played。

②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加d。

如:hoped,lived。

③重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed。

如:stopped, shipped。

④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加ed。

如:studied,worried。

初中英语过去进行时讲解及练习(一 定义过去进行时 是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。 二 结构was/were +doing (现在分词 三 用法1、过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如 1 We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。 2 What was he resear ching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么 3 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来 受伤了。

4 It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。

5 Whe n I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 当我到达山顶的时候 阳光灿烂。2.

过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如 What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么 (介词短语表示时间点) When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。(when从句表示时间点) 3. 在复合句中 如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的 那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如 While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. 他边等车边看报。(两个动作都是延续的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行) 4、表示在过去即将发生的动作。如 She asked him whether he was coming back for supper. 5、表示过去的反复性或习惯性的动作 常与副词always,constantly,continually,fr equently等连用 常常带有说话人的某种感情色彩。如 His mother was always working like that.他目前总是那样工作。 6. 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有 agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如

误 I was knowing the answer. 正 I knew the answer. 我知道答案。误 I wasn't understan ding him. 正 I didn't understand him. 我不明白他的意思。典型例题 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情 应用过去时。同时 when表时间的同时性 “玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景 因此用过去进行时。2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. A. read; was falling B. w as reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while 意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时 用过去进行 一个长动作发生的时候 另一个短动作发生。句意为"在她看报纸时 奶奶睡着了。"句中的fell (fall的过去时) 是系动词 后跟形容词 如 fall sick。

四 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别1 一般过去时叙述旧事 过去进行时描述背景。

、一般过去时 叙述过去状态、动作或事件He went to Beijing the other day. 带具体时间 表示过去的习惯a) would ,used to与过去时would 表间断性不规则的习惯 常带频率时间used to 表一贯性有规律的习惯They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words. He smoked a lot two years ago. 过去行为 b) Would 用于文中不用于句首 只表过去习惯。Used to 表今昔对比的含义 叙述习惯动作可与would 换用。When he was a boy , he would often go there . 叙述过去 She isn't what she used to be. (今昔对比)

c) 表示状态时一般只用used to Tom used to be fat /There used to stand a tree there. (状态)

d) was (were) used to +ving表示“合适于 适应于…..”He used to work at night . (“习惯”表经常) He was used to working at night. (习惯表适应) 表示过去的经历 平行动作 依

此事件用一般过去时。

He sat there and listened to the radio.(依此发生) 表示客气委婉的语气 用于情态动词 助动词和want , wonder , hope 等How did you like the film? / Could you help me? B. 过去进行时 表示在过去某阶段或某一时刻正在发生What were you doing at 8:30 last night? (过去某时刻正在发生) 短暂性动词用过去进行时表示按计划、打算During that time he was going with

us.(表示打算) 与always ,often ,usually 等连用表喜爱 讨厌等感情色彩。He was always Ch anging his mind. 2、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 1 过去进行时与一般过去时 两者都表示过去发生的动作,但过去进行时表示在过去某一特定的时间点或时间段正在进行的动作,而一般过去时表示在过去时间完成的动作 例如: I was typing a letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信 (可能没打完) I ty ped some letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信 (已经打完) A. 过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成 而一般过时往往表示某一动作已经完成。I was reading the book at that time. (未读完 “读”的片段) I read the book yesterday. (已读完 表整个“读”) B、一般过去时表示只做一次动作 而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。She waved to me. 她朝我挥了挥手。It was rain ing all night.(优先用was raining ,rained 为持续动词 故也可使用) He was writing a letter the whol e of afternoon. (短暂动词与持续时间连用 表反复 连续发生 不可用一般过去时) when 和while 的用法区别两者的区别如下 ①when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点 也可指一段时间 while是during the time that 只指一段时间 因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词 也可以是延续性动词 而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时 也可以是先后发生 while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。③由when引导的时间状语从句 主句用过去进行时 从句应用一般过去时 如果从句和主句的动作同时发生 两句都用过去进行时的时候 多用while引导 如 a. When the teacher came in, we were talking. 当此句改变主从句的位置时 则为 While we were talking, the teacher came in. b They were singing while we were dancing.

现在完成时讲解

现在完成时是中学英语中十分重要的语法内容,是学好英语的重要一环,希望同学们努力学习。我们应该把它的特点,含义和用法等弄清楚。下面就其特点,定义及其用法予以说明。

一、现在完成时的含义:

(一)、它是过去发生的或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。理解:1、表示过去发生的某一动作(该动作已经结束)对现在造成的影响或结果。例如:He has had his lunch.(强调结果,饱了)。又如:__---Have you done your homework?__---Y es, I have.(强调对现在的影响,其结果是作业已经完成了。)2、表示过去已经开始,并持续到现在的动作或状态,它往往与表示一段时间段"for+时间段","since +过去的时间点"连用.

如:I have taught here for more than two years. We have lived in this street since 1987.

(二)、特点:既涉及过去又联系现在,动作是过去发生的,其结果是现在存在的.例如:She has come.(她来了.)这句话说明两点:1)她是过去某一时候来的.2)她现在仍然在这里,而且主要是说她在这里,动词用了现在完成时表示"现在还存在过去的某一动作的结果或影响",至于她是什么时候来的,是十分钟以前还是一个小时以前,并不是这句话所强调的情况.又例如:She has gone.(她走了.)这句话说明"走"的动作是发生在过去,而且对现在造成的影响是“她不在这里了”.但是,She went.则只强调“走”这一动作发生在过去,至于现在她在不在这里就不得而知了,也不是强调的重点。

(三)、如何理解“对现在造成的影响或结果”?

它包括这样几种情况:看得见的,看不见的,肯定的,否定的。例如:1),He has cleaned the blackboard. 其结果:看得见——现在黑板是干净的。2),He has studied French. 其结果:看不见——但现在他懂法语。

3).He hasn’t cleaned the room. 其结果:否定的——现在房间不干净。4).He has never learned English. 其结果:否定的——他现在仍然不懂英语。

所以,不管是哪一种影响或结果,只有到目前还存在的情况下才能用现在完成时。一旦结果或影响不复存在,或者即便存在也不强调,就不能用现在完成时,而应用一般过去时,这也正是两者的区别所在。例如:He has cleaned the room.(他是在过去打扫了房间,房间现在仍干净。)He cleaned the room an hour ago ,but it’s dirty now. (他也是在过去打扫了房间,但现在又脏了,发生在过去的“打扫”这一动作与现在无关。)

注意:一般过去时是说,过去发生的或已经结束或完成的动作,它和现在没有直接关系,或者即使与现在有某种联系,但说话者并不强调与现在的这种关系,而只是指出:那个动作发生在过去某一时间;而现在完成时却正是要强调过去的那个动作与现在的关系。

二.现在完成时结构:

(一)、结构:主语+助动词has/have+动词的过去分词(注意:has只用于第三人称单数的情况。)(二)、动词过去分词的构成,这里只谈规则动词,既过去式与过去分词都是加-ed的。有下面四种情况:1.一般的也是绝大多数的动词是直接在后面加-ed,例如,played

2.以e结尾的动词只加-d,例如,loved

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i再加-ed

4.以一个辅音字母(r/w/y除外)结尾的重读闭音节,要双写这个辅音字母再加ed,例如,stopped,planned, preferred等。

(三),不规则动词的变化规则:这些不规则动词有下面一些规律可循,

希有助于同学们记忆。

1. AAA型:既动词原形。过去式,过去分词三者同形。例如:

let, set. hit .cut. put, shut .cost. hurt, read. spread

2. AAB型:只有一个,beat---beat---beaten

3. ABA型:既过去式与过去分词不同,但过去分词与原形相同。如:

run. come, become. overcome(克服)

4.ABB型:既过去式与过去分词相同,而两者与原形不同。可分为下面六组:

第一组:feel. keep. sleep weep sweep meet leave smell. deal spoil spill它们都以t结尾.

第二组:spend lend send build都是变d为t

第三组:lose get win shine dig hang都是变其中的元音字母。

第四组:bring buy fight think catch teach都以ught结尾,其中catch, teach以aught结尾。

第五组:tell sell lay pay say 都以“d”结尾

第六组:无规律组,必须硬记.find stand understand sit have make hold hear mean

5.ABC型:既过去式,过去分词与动词原形三者各不相同。

第一组:在过去式上加-n (注:过去式都是以“o+辅音字母+e”结尾的,但rise除外)

break-broke-broken choose-chose-chosen

forget-forgot-forgotten(双写t) freeze-froze-frozen

wake-woke-woken speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen

第二组:在原形上加-n

see-saw-seen give-gave-given drive-drove-driven

take-took-taken draw-drew-drawn grow-grew-grown

know-knew-known throw-threw-thrown blow-blew-blown

show-showed-shown mistake-mistook-mistaken rise-rose-risen

第三组:在原形上加-en

write-wrote-written(双写t) eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen

ride-rode-ridden (双写d) hide-hid-hidden(双写d) be-was/were-been

第四组:符合i-a-u的原则,并且发音规律相同。

begin-began-begun ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung

swim-swam-swum sink-sank-sunk(沉) drink-drank-drunk

第五组:bear-bore-born wear-wore-worn tear-tore-torn(流泪)

第六组:lie-lay-lain(躺) do-did-done go-went-gone fly-flew-flown

以上各部分希望同学们认真记,记准,记牢。

三.能和现在完成时连用的时间状语

现在完成时属于现在时的范畴,当然不能和过去的时间状语,如yesterday等连用。能和现在完成时连用的有下面几种情况:

1. 和一些在时间上不够确定的时间副词或词组连用。例如:already、ever、yet、not yet、just、just before 、before 及twice

例句:1) He has already come .

2).I haven’t finished my homework Y et.

3).We have never seen such a strange animal before .

2. 和“for+时间段”或“since+过去的时间点”连用。例如:1).I have had(买)this book for a week .

2.). They have lived there since 1983/they came to the city.

3. 和从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括现在在内)的一段时间状语连用。例如:today,now ,this morning,this year,these days,in the past/last(过去的)fifty years.

例句:1).I haven’t seen her this m orning .

2).What has happened to the forest of the USA in the past 350 years(在过去350年)?

四.has/have gone to & has/have been to &has/have been in/at/on三者的区别

1. has/have gone to表某人已经去了某地了,它包括三种情况:1)在去的途中,2)已经到了目的地,3)在归途中,总之,主语不在说话的现场。

2. has/have been to表某人曾经去过某地,现在仍在说话地点及其附近。常与ever, never, just, twice, before连用。

3. has/have been in/at/on表某人在某地呆了多久,表示一种状态,更为重要的是它常和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:“for+时间段” 或“since+过去的时间点”

请看下面三个例句:

1).My mother has gone to Beijing. 2).I have been to Japan twice . 3).They have been in China for over 2 years. 五.点动词(又称瞬间动词)不能与一段时间连用及其转化的几种方法:

例如:come go leave begin buy join catch arrive borrow lend die这些点动词不能与一段时间连用。(注意:但在否定句中点动词能与一段时间连用。如:I haven’t received a letter from Jim for a long time.{receive是点动词})

转化的几种方法:

1. 点动词转化为其它延续性动词。如:I have had a cold since one day ago .(catch是点动词,

转化为延续性动词have,其过去式为had)

2. 点动词转化为“be+名词”。如:He has been a solider for 3 years.

3. 点动词转化为“be+介词”。如:He has been in the army for 3 years .

4. 点动词转化为“be+副词”。如:

Tom has been away (离家)for a few days.

5. 点动词转化为“be +形容词”。如:

That old man has been dead for several years.

6. 原句转化为“It’s/It is +时间段+since+…”。如:

It is 3 years since he joined the army.

7. 原句转化为“It’s been/It has been+时间段+since…”。如:

It has been 3 years since he joined the army.

8. 原句转化为含ago的一般过去时。如:He joined the army three years ago .

六.下列点动词常作如下变化:

come back→be back leave→ be away come home→ be at home

join →be in the … come →be get up→ be up

finish →be over begin→ be on die →be dead

get out →be out catch a cold→ have a cold

buy→ have borrow →keep get to know→ know

七.现在完成时在对话中或表述中常存在时态转换。常常有时态转换的依据。

如时间状语或其它一些标志性的东西。

November 29th.2001

英语过去完成时英语过去完成时英语过去完成时英语过去完成时 A 形式形式形式形式过去完成时由had +过去分词构成,因此无人称变化:肯定式:I had/I’d worked等否定式:I had not/hadn’t worke d等疑问式:had I worked?等否定疑问式:had I not/hadn’t I worked?等B 用法用法用法用法1 、过去完成时是与现在完成时相当的过去式。现在完成时:Ann has just left.If you hurry you’ll catch her.安刚刚走。如果你快一点,就能追上她。(参见第183节。)过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时::::When I arrived Ann had just left.我到的时候,安刚刚离开。现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时:I’ve lost my case.我的手提箱丢了。(参见第184节。)过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时::::He had lost his case and had to borrow Tom’s pyjamas.他的手提箱丢了,不得不去向汤姆借睡衣睡裤。但是,过去完成时不像现在完成时那样限于表达未指明时间的动作,因此可以说:He had left his case on the 4∶40 train.他把手提箱丢在4点40分的火车上了。

2、现在完成时可以和since/for/always等词连用,表示一个开始于过去并仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作。(参见第186节。)与此同理,过去完成时也可以用来表示在所说的过去某一时刻之前就已开始的动作,这一动作:(a)在该时刻仍然在继续;或(b)在该时刻停止或刚刚停止。但应注意,过去完成时还可以用来表示:(c)在所说时刻之前某一时候停止的动作。(a),(b),(c)这三种类型的例句分别列举如下:(a)Bill was in uniform when I met him.He had been a soldier for tenyears/since he w as seventeen,and planned to stay in the army till hewas thirty.我遇到比尔的时候,他身穿军服。那时他已经当了十年兵了/他从17岁就当兵,并且还计划在军队里呆到30岁。Ann had lived in a cottage for sixty years/ever since she was born,andhad no wish to move to a tower block.

安在小屋里已经住了60年/安出生以来就一直住在小屋,也不想搬到塔楼去住。(这里也可以用过去完成进行时形式had beeniiving。)(b)The old oak tree,which had stood in the churchyard for300 years /since before the church was built,suddenly crashed to the ground.屹立在教堂墓地上已300百年之久的老橡树/在教堂建造之前就屹立着的老橡树突然间哗啦一声巨响倒在地上。(这里也可以用过去完成进行时形式had been standing。)Peter,who had waited for an hour/since ten o’clock,was very angr ywith his sister when she eventually turned up.彼得等了一小时/从10点钟起就等着,他妹妹终于来到时他非常生气。(也可以用had been waiting。)(c)He had served in the army for ten years;then h e retired and married.His children were now at school.他在军队里服役十年,后来退伍并结了婚。他的孩子现在已上学了。这里既不能用since也不能用过去完成进行时。还要注意到,这里的过去完成时没有与之相当的现在完成时。如果把句中最后一个动词变成现在时,其他动词时态都要变成一般过去时。H e served in the army for ten years;then retired and married.His chil-dren are now at school.他在军队里服役十年,然后退伍并结了婚。他的孩子现在都在上学。这些结构以图解形式分别表示如下,直线AB表示过去完成时的动作,TS表示过去说话的某一时刻:{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !461350T1.bm p} (另参见第196节关于间接引语中过去完成时的用法。)3、过去完成时也是一般过去时的过去时,用来表示叙述者或主语在过去的某一时刻回顾更早的动作:Tom was 23 when our story begins.His fat her had died five years beforeand since then Tom had lived alone.His father had advised him not to ge tmarried till he was 35,and Tom intended to follow this advice.我们的故事开始时汤姆23岁。他父亲五年以前就已去世,打那以后汤姆一直独自生活。他父亲劝告过他不到35岁不要结婚,汤姆打算遵从这个忠言。I had just poured myself a glass of beer when the phone rang.When Icame back form answerin

g it the glass was empty.Somebody had drunkthe beer or thrown it away.我刚刚给自己倒了一杯啤酒,电话铃就响了。我接电话回来时,啤酒杯空了。一定有人喝掉了啤酒或者把它泼掉了。He met her in Pa ris in 1977.He had last seen her ten years before.Herhair had been grey then;now it was white.19 77年他在巴黎遇见了她。他上一次见到她是十年之前。那时她的头发是灰白的,这时已经全白了。He m et her in 1967 and again ten years later.Her hair,which had beengrey at their first meeting,was now white 他1967年见到过她,十年以后又见到了她。她的头发在他们第一次见面时还是灰白的,这时已经全白了。但是如果只是依次叙述先后发生的事件,就不需要用过去完成时:

Tom’s father died when Tom was eighteen.Before he died he advisedTom not to marry till he was 35,and Tom at 23 still intended to followthis advice.汤姆的父亲在汤姆18岁那一年去世了。在他去世之前,他劝告汤姆要到35岁再结婚。汤姆到了23岁仍然打算遵从父亲的忠言。He met her first in 1967 when her hair was grey.He met her again in1977./He didn’t meet her again till 1977.Her hair was now white.1967年他第一次遇见她,那时她的头发是灰白色。1977年他再次遇见她。/直到1977年才再次遇见她。这时她的头发全白了。上述两个例句中,都没有从过去某时刻去回顾过去,因此就没有理由用过去完成时。注意以下例句含义上的区别:She heard voices and realized that there were three people in the nextroom.她听到了说话的声音,知道隔壁房间里有三个人。She saw empty glasses and cups and realized that three people had been inthe room.她看到了空玻璃杯子和茶杯,知道房间里曾来过三个人。(他们已经不在那里了。)He arrived at 2∶30 and was told to wait in the VIP lounge.他在两点半到达并被告知在贵宾休息室等候。He arrived at 2∶30.He had been told to wait in the VIP lounge.他在两点半到达。来之前已被告知在贵宾休息室等候。在倒数第二句中,他在抵达后才接到指示;在最后一句中,他是在抵达之前就接到指示的,可能在出发之前就已接到

一般将来时◆一般将来时主要有以下几种表现形式由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成,shall 用于第一人称,will用于第二、三人称。除英国外的说英语的国家,在陈述句中,即使在第一人称一般也用will,在英国也有这种趋势。在口语中,常用shall, will的缩写形式为’ll, 如:I’ll, you’ll等。Shall not的缩写式为:shan’t, will not 的缩写式为:won’t. 肯定句:I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/ They Will go. 否定句:I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They Will not go. 疑问句:Shal l I/we go? Will you/he/she/they go? ◆一般将来时用法(1)一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。例如:I will(shall) arrive tomorrow.我明天到。Will you be free tonight? 你今晚有空吗?We won’t (shan’t) be busy this evening. 我们今晚不忙。(2)在一般将来时的句子中,有时有表示将来时间的状语,有时没有时间状语,这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。例如:Will she co me? 她(会)来吗?We’ll only stay for two weeks. 我们只待两星期。The meeting won’t last long. 会开不了多久。(3)在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中,一般使用助动词shall,这时或是征求对方的意见(a),或是询问一个情况(b): a. Where shall we meet? 我们在哪儿碰头? b. Sh all we have any classes tomorrow?明天我们有课吗?在这类问句中,近年来也有不少人用will,特别是在美国。例如:How will I get there? 我怎么去?(4)be going to+动词原形 a.表示打算、准备做的事。例如:We are going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。How are you going to spend your holidays?假期你准备怎样过? b.表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。例如:

I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。There’s going to be a lot of trouble about this.

这事肯定会有很多麻烦。 c.“will”句型与“be going to”句型,前者表示纯粹将来,后者表示打算、计划、准备做的事情,更强调主语的主观意愿。例如:Tomorrow will be Saturday. 明天是周六了。We are going to visit Paris this summer.今年夏天我们打算游览巴黎。

过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。1过去将来时的构成(句型如下:)肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形+其他否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~. 疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+

主语+going to+动词原形~?肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~. 否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~. 疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?过去将来时的构成和一般将来时一样,只不过把助动词be变为过去式,把will,shall变为过去式。例句:I didn't know if he would come. =I didn't know if he was going to come. 我不知道他是否会来。She was sixty-six. In three years,she wo uld be sixty-nine. 她66岁了。三年后,她是69岁。She told us that she would not go with us,if it ra ined. 她告诉我们,如果下雨,她就不和我们一起去了。I didn't know how to do it. What would be thei r ideas?我不知如何去做,他们会有什么想法呢?2.过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时,不管什么人称,一律用would。This door wouldn't open. 这扇门老是打不开。Whenever he had time,h e would do some reading. 他一有时间,总是看书。I would play with him when I was a child. 当我还是孩童时,总是和他一起玩。一般过去将来时的基本用法:一般过去将来时表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去将来时常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态。如: You kno w I would come. 你知道我会来的。We never imagined that John would become a doctor. 我们从未想过约翰会成为一个医生。过去将来时有时可带时间状语。如: He said he would come back the next day.他说他第二天回来

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How often does the shuttle bus run? 2) 在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情: When Bill comes (不用will come), ask him to wait for me. I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy. 2一般过去时 标志:动词过去式 *闭音节:元音字母a, e, i, o, u如果发字母本来的音则称为开音节,否则称为闭音节。 1. 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用(e.g. yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when …, in the past等)。如: Jim rang you just now. Liu Ying was in America last year. 2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,特别是used to do表达的句型,本身表示 的就是过去常常。如: When I was a kid, I often played football in the street. She used to visit her mother once a week. *注意区分sb. used to do sth.(某人过去常常做某事,此处to是动词不定式 标志符号)和sb. be used to sth./doing sth.(某人习惯于某物/做某事,此处to 是介词)。 3. 代替一般现在时,表示一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。此用法仅适用于少数动词(如want, hope, wonder, think, intend等)及情态动词could, would。如:

实用文档之100道题!初中英语八大时态专项练习题(含答案)

实用文档之"100道题!初中英语八大时态专 项练习题(含答案)" 100道题!初中英语八大时态专项练习题(含答案) 1. The sun ________ in the east. A. is always rising B. always is rising C. rises always D. always rises 2. He often ________ his clothes on Sundays. A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash 3. I’m Japanese. Where ________ from? A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming 4. A mother who ________ her son will do everything for his happiness. A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved 5. ________ at a higher temperature than water?

A. Has milk boiled B. Is milk boiling C. Does milk boil D. Was milk boiling 6. He signed to us with his hand, “The lesson is over. You ________.” A. dismissed B. are dismissed C. have dismissed D. were dismissed 7. I haven’t met him for ages, but his mother ________ him sometimes. A. had still seen B. still sees C. has still seen D. still saw 8. We will start as soon as our team leader________ . A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming 9. I think Jack ________ the answer. A. has known B. does know C. is knowing D. knows 10. My father ________ George quite well; they were introduced at a party. A. is knowing B. was knowing C.

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初中英语语法八大时态总结

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初中英语八大时态练习题 一般现在时1)在条件时间等状语从句中用一般现在时表将来 1.If it _____ tomorrow, I will go to school by car. A. rain B. will rain C. rains D. would rain 2.Don’t forget to ask him to write to me. -- I won’t. As soon as he ___, I’ll ask him to write to you. A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming 2)在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,若表示客观事实真理,从句要用一般现在时。 The teacher told us that light ______ much faster than sound. A. travels B. traveled C. was D. will be 一般过去时 get-- go-- eat -- do--- cut--- say --- take-- swim-- drink-- come-- put—See-- drink--- stop-- regret-- forget-- make-- have-- hit-- 1.Li Ming didn’t understand what American people said,_____? (2004北京) A.couldn’t he B.could he C.didn’t he D.did he 2. Oh, it’s you. I’m sorry I ____know you _____ here. A. don’t; are B. didn’t; are C. didn’t; were D. don’t; were 3.Jane ___a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai. A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy 4.He turned off the light and then _______. A. leaves B. has left C. will leave D. left 一般将来时 1.There___twomeetingstomorrowafternoon. A.are going to be B.are going to have C.is going to be D.will have 2.The twins____to the cinema with their parents tonight. A.will go B.would go C.are go D.went 3.---When____we have the meeting? ---At 8. A.are B.shall C.would D.will 4.--When___you___for London? --Next week. A.will;leaving B.are;leaving C.shall;leave D.have;left 现在完成时考点1:考查基本概念。2:考查时间状语。3:考查与一般过去时的区别。4:考查非延续性动词的用法。5:考查词组have/has been to , have/has gone to与have/has been in/at的区别 1.for+时间段 2.since+时间点(过去) 3.since+一段时间+ago=for+时间段 4.since+从句(常用一般过去时) borrow--- buy-- close-- die-- begin/start---- open--- leave--

八大时态例句

一、一般现在时 例句: It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 二、一般过去时 例句: She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy. 三、现在进行时 例句: How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 四、过去进行时 例句: At that time she was working in a PLA unit. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 五、现在完成时 例句: I've written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 六、过去完成时 例句: As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books. 七、一般将来时 例句: They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain. 八、过去将来时

例句: He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there. 九.将来完成时 例句: By the time you get back,great changes will have taken place in this area. 初中阶段只需要掌握以上这些。

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