(英语)阅读理解练习题含答案含解析
（英语）阅读理解练习题含答案含解析一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
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APPLY IF YOU:
● Are age d 18+ for junior programs and aged 25+ for adult programs
● Are a native English speaker
● Have completed High School
● Have ability to cope with challenges, good communication skills, cultural sensitivity
Open-mindedness is key to being a good participant in Angloville. If you enjoy new cultures, experiences, and people, this will undoubtedly be a wonderful opportunity for you.
A. Meals are partly sponsored by the programs.
B. Confirmation fee will be fully refunded later.
C. 1 on 1 talks are arranged for junior participants.
D. Material-stimulated talks make Angloville different.
（2）What is the determining factor to be a good participant in Angloville?
A. Academic achievements.
B. Communication skills.
C. Cultural sensitivity.
D. Open-mindedness.
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文，介绍了有关Angloville 项目的相关信息以及申请的条件。
(1)考查细节理解。根据MY COMMITMENTS部分中的“T he most important difference between Angloville and a traditional English course is that we do not teach through books or theory. We will provide materials, but only to help stimulate (刺激) diverse conversations”可知，Angloville 和传统英语课程不同的地方是我们不通过课本和理论进行教学，我们提供材料，唯一目的是刺激不同的交谈。结合选项可知，故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Open-mindedness is key to being a good participant in Angloville”可知，成为一个好的参与者的关键因素是思想开放，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
During this shopping season, salesmen will come up with different strategies to get your business. Many product companies use specific colors to cause positive emotions and compete for a sale. However, sight is not the only sensory (感官的) retail that companies use. Sounds and smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.
Nobel Prize-winning research shows that our sense of smell has great power to cause an emotional response. A study published earlier this year compared purchasing in a French flower shop when the smell of lavender (薰衣草) was given off and when it wasn't. It found that the smell increased the number of consumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases. An earlier study using Nike shoes found that consumers desired the shoes more, and were willing to pay more, when the room had a mixed smell of flowers. Realizing the subconscious impact of smell, many stores apply artificial scents (气味) through their heating and air-conditioning vents (通风口) or place scent machines above their doors. For instance, a coconut scent might make that bikini more appealing as you long for a vacation.
Ever felt frenzied due to a store's fast-paced music? Or calmed by a piece of light music? A retailer's choice of music can have a big impact on consumers' moods. One study found that when subjected to loud music, consumers will spend less time in a store. But interestingly, the researchers did not find a difference in sales or customers' satisfaction. Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music. Just as department stores use different scents in certain departments, many use different
music in some areas to appeal to varying consumers.
Well, you could always leave the store and take a break, but the food court probably isn't your best choices as brands like Cinnabon and Panera Bread also use scents as part of their customers' experience. Online retailers (零售商) use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home.
（1）The passage is mainly about ________.
A. consumers' favorite sounds and smells while shopping
B. shopping malls' strategies for satisfying consumers
C. some special services from super shopping malls
D. two factors affecting consumers' shopping decisions
（2）What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A. Decorating stores with flowers becomes a fashion.
B. Shops with special smells can attract more consumers.
C. Smells can actually help businessmen gain more profits.
D. The products with a kind of special smell are more popular.
（3）How does music have an effect on consumers?
A. It controls consumers' desire for shopping.
B. It influences how long consumers stay in a shop.
C. It gives consumers the satisfaction of enjoying shopping.
D. Whether consumers are willing to buy things depends on it.
（4）Which of the following can replace the underlined word “frenzied” in Paragraph 3? A. Satisfied. B. Depressed. C. Surprised. D. Excited.
（5）What does the writer try to express in the last paragraph?
A. Online shopping is becoming more and more popular nowadays.
B. People should spend more time at home with family members.
C. People can choose to get rid of salesmen's promotion strategies.
D. Smells and sounds are important for consumers' shopping experience.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
（5）C
【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。（1）主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Sounds and smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.（声音和气味也会影响消费者的购买决定）及下文对这两个因素的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。故答案选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段中的It found that the smell increased the number of consumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases.（研究发现，这种气味增加了消费者购买物品的数量和购买量）可推知，气味实际上可以帮助商人获得更多的利润。故答案选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中的One study found that when subjected to loud music, consumers will spend less time in a store…Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music.（研究发现，当音乐音量过大时，消费者在商店里的时间会减少……最近一项研究的另一个有趣发现是，当顾客接触到不熟悉的音乐时，他们的购物时间实际上更长）可知，音乐会影响消费者在商店里停留的时间。故答案选B。
（4）词义猜测题。A. Satisfied满意的；B. Depressed沮丧的；C. Surprised吃惊的；D. Excited兴奋的。根据第三段中的Or calmed by a piece of light music?（还是听着轻音乐平静下来?）可知，划线词所在句意为“有没有因为商店里快节奏的音乐而感到疯狂?”，由此推知，划线词意为“疯狂的”，疯狂是一种兴奋的状态。故答案选D。
（5）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Online retailers (零售商) use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home.（网上零售商使用各种各样的策略来获得你的生意，但你可以忽略这些，享受熟悉的家的味道）可知，作者想要告诉人们，我们可以选择摆脱销售员的促销策略。故答案选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
"The history of the world is but the biography (传记) of great men," argued Thomas Carlyle, the advocate of what has come to be known as the "Great Man Theory of History." This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyle's theory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.
As one who is entrusted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of others who have led. Wherever you find me, you'll likely find a good biography nearby. Why is this the case? First, I find good biographies fascinating. I'll occasionally read a novel, but I've never been overly drawn to fiction. I have found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britain in William Manchester's The Last Lion. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life.
Second, I find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. You'll find no better account of the British Empire at its peak than the opening chapters of Manchester's Visions of Glory, volume one of his The Last Lion. Strictly speaking, a biography is but a slice of history.
Third, I find good biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill once noted a man who works with his
hands should have a hobby that engages his mind, and a man who works with his mind should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchill's saying is to combine technical, pen-in-hand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading. Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world.
This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don't be counted among their number.
（1）What is implied in the first paragraph?
A. The author finds Carlyle's theory undebatable.
B. Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history.
C. It is debatable whether one should read great men's biographies.
D. The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.
（2）What does the underlined phrase "other items" in the third paragraph refer to?
A. good biographies
B. stories of certain times
C. the volumes of The Last Lion
D. the chapters of the British Empire
（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The author considers biographical reading enjoyable.
B. The author can travel to another world in the evening.
C. The author has fought many battles during his lifetime.
D. The author profits commercially by reading biographies.
（4）What is the author's main purpose in writing the article?
A. To analyze the benefits of vocational reading.
B. To introduce to readers his unique reading strategies.
C. To present great men's history through biography reading.
D. To recommend biography reading through his own experiences.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者阐述了喜欢读好的传记的原因。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times"可知，这一理论表明，更广泛的历史运动和轮廓都可以追溯到对其时代有独特影响的伟大人物的领导。所以通过第一段的关键词"go back to，had unique influence on their times"，判断出第一段暗示了作者同意历史受某些人的影响很大。故选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. "可知，一个好的传记作家不仅讲述一个人的故事，而且还在讲述他们所处的时代。读一本好的传记就像漫步在一个充满智慧的购物中心。第一家商店吸引了你，但你会惊喜地发现，还有其它的商品吸引了你的注意力。所以作者把读好的传记比喻成购物，将历史人物和某个时期的历史故事比喻成商店的商品。故
判断出第三段划线的"other items"指的是某个时期的故事。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life"以及第三段" Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world."可知，对我来说，不读传记会剥夺我生活的乐趣。的确，没有什么事情比悠闲地度过夜晚，进入另一个世界更令我放松。所以作者认为传记阅读令人愉快。故A选项"作者认为传记阅读令人愉快"是正确的。故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"First, I find good biographies fascinating."；第三段中的"Second, I find good biographies informative."；第四段中的"Third, I find good biographies relaxing." 以及最后段"This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don't be counted among their number."可知，首先，我觉得好的传记很吸引人。我发现好的传记信息丰富。我发现好的传记让人放松。这就是为什么我喜欢读好的传记，以及为什么我同情忽视它们的人。不要成为那些不读传记的人群的一员。可知，作者通过自己的经历阐述了自己喜欢读好的传记的原因目的是推荐人们读传记。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong?
Avoiding temptation (诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the "out of sight, out of mind" principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight.
The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers don't believe that one's willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower-at least to a point.
Willpower may also be made less vulnerable (脆弱) to being exhausted in the first place.
Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.
The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year's Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, don't try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says,
you'll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won't require making decisions at all.
（1）From the studies in the passage we learn that ________.
A. people have unlimited self-control
B. high motivation ensures one's success
C. willpower is hardly completely exhausted
D. too many temptations often lead to failure （2）The underlined phrase "tap into" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A. make use of B. run out of C. build D. increase
（3）The author compares self—control to muscles ________.
A. to prove the long-term effect of willpower
B. to show the significance of regular exercise
C. to argue that self-control can he easily used up
D. to explain the benefits of practicing self-control
（4）To develop a good habit, which of the following does the author prefer?
A. "I will give up dessert and do exercise."
B. "I will set three goals this new semester."
C. "I will read an English novel every month."
D. "I will keep myself from any temptation."
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Researchers don't believe that one's willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands.”可知，研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。故选C。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down."可知，正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备，即使我们的自我控制能力已经被消耗殆尽，我们仍然可以继续前进。所以通过上下文的语境，判断出"tap into"指利用，与make use of同义。故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.”可知，虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不堪，但长期而言，它们会通过经常锻炼而增强。同样规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。两者相比是为了说明同一个道理：长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, you'll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won't require making decisions at all.”可知，作者认为一个接一个的制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再
需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不需要做任何决定。所以C项"I will read an English novel every month."是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作
者更喜欢这种目标。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
Nowadays, especially in China, everything seems to favor social intercourse(社交) , such as gatherings of friends, KTV, group travel, dining tighter, playing cards and Mahjong, plus the Chinese-style " street-crossing group." Back home, discussions can still be boisterously carried on within the "circle of friends" of WeChat.
However, these scenes cannot always ease a sense of loneliness. Zhu Ziqing, a well-known professor of Tsinghua University, signed with emotion: "My loneliness increases as scene becomes much busier." One popular song today is also called "A lonely man in crowds." Actually, engaging in social intercourse requires ability, while being alone involves the whole character.
These days, it is not easy to calm down totally and return to one's true self. Willpower, intellect and discipline are required. Einstein said: "It is not your working time but your spare time that determines the possibility of whether you will be successful or not." The "spare time" he referred
to could be taken as "spending time by yourself."
Lonely life could be either dull, boring and tasteless or abundant, interesting and colorful, depending on one's quality, ambition and inspiration.
Just as the body constantly requires energy, the mind and soul also demand never stopping inputs. However,information, processed and integrated (融入) into knowledge, thoughts and feelings, instead of bustle (忙碌) seems to be the right condition. Successful careers m all walks
of life worldwide have proved that "the soul grows in peace and talent is nurtured in loneliness".
In a sense, it may be reasonable to say that " Happiness tends to be shallow while loneliness involves depth".
Man, in fact, needs loneliness more than happy time, and only abundant loneliness can produce quality happiness.
（1）Which of the following can replace the underlined the word "boisterously" in paragraph l?
A. surprisingly
B. sadly
C. busily
D. peacefully
（2）What can we infer from the second paragraph?
A. Being alone marks people depressed.
B. Social intercourse improves our happiness.
C. One may feel lonely even when surrounded by people.
D. We should attend social intercourse to decrease our loneliness.
（3）What can we know from Einstein's words?
A. You should be successful if you spend all your time by yourself.
B. You should exercise more if you want to keep your minds healthy.
C. You will not become successful if you join in more social intercourse.
D. You will be more successful if you can make your lonely time meaningful.
（4）Which may be the best title for this passage?
A. Live on Your Own
B. Happiness and Loneliness
C. The Secret of Success
D. Practice Your Social Ability
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是议论文。主要讨论了在现今社会中很多的社会往活动在进行中，人们看似很幸福。然而，一切都掩盖不了人们在这些幸福场景背后倍感孤独的社会现象。（1）考查词意猜测题。根据第一段可知，如今，尤其是在中国，一切都似乎有利于社会交往，如朋友聚会、KTV、团体旅游、餐饮更紧，打牌和麻将，加上中式“过街组”。可以猜测出下文：回到家中仍然忙着在微信上讨论。所以划线词boisterously的意思是“忙的”，故选C。
（2）考查推理判断题。根据第二段第一句，也是主题句However, these scenes cannot always ease a sense of loneliness.以及A lonely man in crowds.”可知，一个人就算被人包围着也可能感到孤独。故选C。
（3）考查细节理解题。根据第三段Einstein said: “It is not your working time but your spare t ime that determines the possibility of whether you will be successful or not.”（爱因斯坦说：“不是你的工作时间，而是你的业余时间决定了你是否成功的可能性。）可知，如果你能让寂寞的时间更有意义，你会更成功。故选D。
（4）考查标题判断题。本文主要讨论了在现今社会中很多的社会往活动在进行中，人们看似很幸福。然而，一切都掩盖不了人们在这些幸福场景背后倍感孤独的社会现象。所以最佳标题是B. Happiness and Loneliness，故选B.
【点评】寻找文章的主题句
了解文章主要论题的关键是找到全文的主题句。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。
6．阅读理解
Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later?Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain,in rats at least.
"This is an animal study,but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important一not just for physical development,but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive（认知的）development during ageing,"says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto,Canada."In humans,it may delay the appearance of Alzheimer's symptoms（阿兹海默氏症）,possibly to the point of preventing them."
Wojtowicz's team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups,and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks.Around four months later—when the rats had reached middle age—the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box.When placed in the box,they froze with fear.
Two weeks later,the team tested the rats in three situations: exactly the same box in the same
room,the same box with the room arranged differently,and a completely different box in a different room.
The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations,suggesting they couldn't remember which one was dangerous.But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.
“The results suggest the amount of physical activity when we're young,at least for rats,has influence on brain and cognitive health—in the form of better memories—when we're older,"says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston,who has found that,in humans,exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.
（1）The study shows that______.
A. physical activity is important for physical health
B. using the running wheels is of benefit to the rats' growth
C. physical activity can prevent human's Alzheimer's symptoms
D. the more exercise a rat has when young,the better memory it will possess when older
（2）How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed?
A. By analyzing causes.
B. By giving an example.
C. By describing the process.
D. By showing differences.
（3）What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Exercise.
B. Development.
C. Benefit.
D. Study.
（4）What is the author's attitude towards the animal study?
A. Negative.
B. Objective.
C. Critical.
D. Doubtful.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过对实验鼠的实验，发现了动物在年轻时运动越多，老年时的记忆力就越好。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least.”可知，锻炼对大脑终生有好处，至少对老鼠是这样的。故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段和第四段讲述Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行试验的过程，因此通过描述过程发展的。故选C。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第二段介绍一项动物研究，具体的运动对身体的发育很重要，对于人类，它可能会推迟阿兹海默氏症的出现。因此it在句中指的是具体的身体活动，也就是锻炼。故选A。
（4）考查观点态度。根据短文中对这项老鼠实验的过程及其结果的介绍，用数据表示，可见作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和观点态度四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
Weighing too much can damage your health, and obesity is a growing problem for both kids and adults around the world. Sleep might be one answer to the problem. A new study has found that elementary school students who slept too little were more likely to gain pounds.
Past studies have shown a link between sleeping less and weighing more, but scientists have had a tough time determining "which came first, the chicken or the egg," says Julie C. Lumeng of the university of Michigan in Ann Arbor. In other words, it hasn't been clear whether kids who weigh too much have trouble sleeping, or whether sleeping less leads to weight gain. Both scenarios (可能出现的情况) seemed equally possible.
To get a better idea of which causes which, Lumeng and her colleagues interviewed the parents of 785 third graders from around the United States. The parents answered questions about how well their kids slept that year. Three years later, the parents answered the same questions. By sixth grade, 18percent of kids involved in the study were obese.
The scientists found no relationship between weight and the students' race or gender. It also didn't matter how strict their parents were, or whether they were boys or girls. Obesity struck all of these groups equally. Instead, sleep seemed to be the key factor. Over the three years of study, the children averaged a healthy 9. 5 hours of sleep a night. Some kids, however, slept a lot more or less than others.
For the sixth graders, every hour of sleep above the 9. 5houraverage was linked to a 20 percent lower risk of being obese. Sleep appeared doubly important for the third graders. Every extra hour of sleep they got was linked to a 40 percent drop in obesity.
（1）What does the underlined sentence on paragraph 2 imply?
A. Scientists have found the exact causes of children's obesity.
B. There is always something difficult to understand through theory
C. The cause–effect relationship between weight and sleep isn't clear.
D. A person's weight has something to do with the amount of his sleep.
（2）What did the interview find out?
A. 9.5 hours of sleep a night is enough for children.
B. The more a child sleeps, the healthier he will be.
C. Sixth graders need much more sleep than third graders.
D. One's race or gender has nothing to do with his weight.
（3）How does the author develop the passage?
A. By listing figures
B. By comparing different opinions
C. By providing examples
D. By conducting a survey
（4）What is the suitable title for the passage?
A. The benefits of enough sleep for children
B. Sleeping less increases the risk of obesity
C. Which comes first, little sleep or obesity
D. How many hours of sleep do children need?【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究发现，睡眠过少的小学生更容易发胖。
（1）考查句义猜测。划线句表示的字面意思是“先有鸡还是先有蛋”，结合上下文的内容可知，文章引用这句话是为了表明“是睡眠少导致了肥胖还是肥胖导致了睡眠少”这个问题还没有定论。第二段中的“In other words, it hasn't been clear whether kids who weigh too much have trouble sleeping, or whether sleeping less leads to weight gain. Both scenarios (可能出现的情况) seemed equally possible.”是解题的关键提示信息。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The scientists found no relationship between weight and the students' race or gender.”可知，面试的结果是一个人的种族或性别与他的体重没有任何关系。故选D。
（3）考查写作手法。本文介绍了一项研究，并列举了很多同该研究相关的数据。故选A。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“A new study has found that elementary school students who slept too little were more likely to gain pounds.”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，睡眠少会增加肥胖的概率。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测，写作手法和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
The next generation of artificial intelligence (AI) may be sitting right beneath you, at least if furniture maker Ikea has any say in the matter. The Swedish furniture company's “future-living” research lab in Copenhagen is conducting a survey to understand what people want when it comes to smart furniture.
AI is now walking into more aspects of people's daily lives. Self-driving cars are just around the corner, and AI robots can play and beat the best players of strategy games. As smart home technologies have become more ubiquitous, products ranging from smart electrical outlets（插座）to smart smoke alarms are flooding the market. Therefore, it's not surprising that Ikea would be moving in the same direction.
Exactly why people would want their sofa or bed frame to speak to then, track their daily movements or offer help is not yet clear. Though Ikea's the new survey doesn't directly answer that question, it does provide a hint of what people would feel comfortable with. Most participants wanted a more human0like form of virtual（虚拟的）assistants, as opposed to one that is more robotic. In terms of the ideal gender（性别）of the assistants, the most popular choice was neither male nor female. Few wanted a religious form of AI.
Just as with human friends, most wanted AI friends that were like them, affirming their own worldview. They wanted an AI assistant that was reasonably intelligent-that could collect data to predict what a person wanted before he or she asked, and that could prevent someone from making mistakes.
This is not the first time that Ikea has set foot in the field or futuristic technologies. In addition
to wireless charging tables and chainless bikes that never rust（生锈）, the furniture giant has also pictured smart kitchens that can cook the best meal. To decide on how intelligent you want your next sofa or bookshelf to be, you can take Ikea's survey online.
（1）What does the underlined word "ubiquitous" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Beautiful.
B. Common.
C. Normal.
D. Environment.（2）What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. The differences between robot-like and human-like assistants.
B. What form of AI assistants people want.
C. What kind of friends people want.
D. The popular robots on the market.
（3）Most people who received the survey wanted an AI assistant that could ________. A. help them became smarter B. communicate with them without troubles
C. have its own worldview
D. deal with their problems in advance
（4）Which of the following products are from Ikea?
A. Smart sofas that can speak to you.
B. Smart beds than can track your daily movements.
C. Wireless charging cars.
D. Rustless bikes without chains.
【答案】（1）B
（2）B
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了瑞典的一家家具公司做了一项研究，调查人们想要什么样的智能家居。
（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“AI is now walking into more aspects of people's daily lives.”可猜测出As smart home technologies have become more ubiquitous,这句话的意思是智能家居技术变得越来越普遍，故选B。
（2）考查段落大意。根据第三段中的“Most participants wanted a more human0like form of virtual（虚拟的）assistants, as opposed to one that is more robotic. In terms of the ideal gender （性别）of the assistants, the most popular choice was neither male nor female. Few wanted a religious form of AI.”可知第三段主要讲了人们想要什么样的人工智能助手，故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“They wanted an AI assistant that was reasonably intelligent-that could collect data to predict what a person wanted before he or she asked, and that c ould prevent someone from making mistakes.”可知收到调查的大多数人都想要一款可以提前解决问题的人工智能助手，故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“In addition to wireless charging tables and chainless bikes that never rust（生锈）, the furniture giant has also pictured smart kitchens that can cook the best meal.”可知没有链条的不生锈自行车是来自于Ikea的产品，故案选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
Spanish Language & Culture Program
While improving your language skills, you can learn about Spanish culture. With the help, of courses in art, tourism, cinema and more....taught in Spanish.
Place: Alicante. Spain
Price: $ 3.495
Dates:
Program: from May 5th. 2019 to June 1st, 2019
Application: by March 1st, 2019Withdrawal: before April 1st.2019
Application:
Complete application
GPA:not less than 2.5.
$ 95 online application fee
Education completed: high school graduate
Program Details
You'll take 1 language course and 1 culture course. language courses meet for 60class hours/ 4 credits(学分). While culture courses meet for 20 hours/1 credit. Language and culture courses meet daily. Monday-Friday. Active learning of your courses may be scheduled for Fridays.
Before you leave for Alicante, you will choose your preferred courses and take a language placement exam. You'll be admitted to courses based on their availability. So it is in your best interest to have your home university agree with many courses before you set off for Alicante. To make sure that you receive the credit for the language level that is fit for you, have your home university pre-agree with courses at several levels before you leave for Spain. Please ask your advisor at your home university about credit guidelines.
Where You'll Study and Stay
Lying on one of Spain's most. attractive campuses, the University of Alicante allows you to take part in classes and activities: with Spanish and other international students.You can choose CEA housing or prepare your own independent housing. CEA housing will make every effort to match your housing requests.
（1）When can you take back your application?
A.On June 1st. 2019.
B.On April 1st .2019.
C.On May 5th, 2019.
D.On March 5th, 2019.
（2）What can we learn about this program?
A.Each of the courses costs $95.
B.High school freshmen can apply for it.
C.Students can get 5 credits after finishing the program.
D.Active learning courses should be booked ahead of time.
（3）What should you do before leaving for Alicante?
A.Gain as many credits as possible.
B.Prepare many choices of courses.
C.Improve your communication skill.
D.Try your chosen courses at your home university.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一个学习西班牙语和西班牙文化的项目。（1）考查细节理解。根据Dates部分中的“Withdrawal: by April1st, 2019”可知，在2019年4月1日之前可以撤回对这一项目的申请，故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据Program Details部分中的“You'll take 1 language course and 1 culture course. language courses meet for 60class hours/ 4 credits(学分). While culture courses meet for 20 hours/1 credit.”你将会有一门语言课，一门文化课程。语言课程上60个小时，获得4学分。文化课程上20个小时，获得1学分。可知，该项目结课时，学生一共可获得5个学分。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据Program Details 部分中的“So it is in your best interest to have your home university agree with many courses before you set off for Alicante.”最好是在你去Alicante 之前，让你现在所在的大学同意你可选多种多样的课，可知，该项目不能保证你一定能选到你想上的课程，所以应该在前往Alicante之前准备好多种课程选择。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读理解
What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn't a prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can (装罐) and preserve much of the food they consume.
Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what's on their plate.
Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. “ got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs(香草)and foods for that fresh flavor,” she said. Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.
“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,” Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that ''anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony (阳台)? Plant some herbs. A window? Perfect spot for growing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they're very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs “ca n take your regular cooking to a whole new level,” she added. “I think it's a great place to start.” Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.
Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food, Loe noted, there's a moment when it's bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try and keep it in a time
capsule in a canning jar,” Loe said. “Canning for me is about knowing what's in your food, knowing where it comes from.”
In addition to being more in touch with the food she's eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,” she said, “that if we don't take care of the earth, no one will.”
（1）The underlined word “prerequisite” (Para. 1) is closest in meaning to“”.
A. recipe
B. substitute
C. requirement
D. challenge
（2）Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?
A. They are used daily.
B. They are easy to grow.
C. They can grow very tall.
D. They can be eaten uncooked.
（3）According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?
A. It can preserve their best flavor.
B. It can promote her online sales.
C. It can better her cooking skills.
D. It can improve their nutrition.
（4）What is the “the bigger picture” (Para. 6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?
A. The knowledge about good food.
B. The way to live a grow-our-own life.
C. The joy of getting in touch with foods.
D. The responsibility to protect our earth
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个名叫Loe的女性的故事。Loe是“自己种植”现代生活方式的实践者，她热衷于自己种植香草和味道新鲜的食物，并将食物装入密封罐中保持以保持最佳的风味，更想通过自己的举动影响孩子们，让他们意识到保护地球的责任。
(1)考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“On a mere1/10 of an acre … and preserve much of the food they consume”可知面积并不是硬要求。Loe在那里所做的一切证明，一个大农场对“自己种植”现代生活方式来说并不是一个硬要求。故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Start with herbs… Just a little of the herbs …”可知香草很容易生长。故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“there is a moment when it's bursting with its absolute peak flavor. 'I try to keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,'”可知将种植的事物装入密封罐中保存的好处是能够保持最佳的风味。故选A。
(4)考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“that if we don't take care of the earth, no one will”可知the bigger picture指的是保护地球的责任。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理归纳，从而选出正确答案。
11．阅读理解
Bus Tours in Washington DC
The Lights Night Tour in Washington DC
Duration: 3 hours $56.33
Highest-rated Night Tour in DC! The ONLY DC Night Tour where the Tour Guides
HOP OFF with you at each stop and tell you about each monument and attraction. Hop aboard the Lights Night Tour! The best time to take a tour of Washington DC is at, night.
Best Mount Vernon & Arlington Cemetery Tour from Washington DC
Duration: 6 hours. $78.96.
See Arlington Cemetery, Old Town Alexandria and George Washington's Mount Vernon Estate on this small group bus tour from Washington DC. Your tour guide will accompany you through Mount Vemon, telling you about all of the attractions there and the history of George Washington's home on the Potomac River.
The Best Minibus Tour in Washington DC.
Duration: 3 hours $ 46.92
See all the key attractions DC has to offer in a 3-hour format. You will learn all about the history and trivia that surrounds Washington and visit the major monuments and attractions DC has to offer.
Please Note: Rates for this tour vary by day of the week. When you choose your specific date on the availability calendar, the rates for that date will be displayed.
The Blossoms Tour in Washington DC.
Duration: 3 hours $ 56.99
BEST WAY to Experience the Cherry Blossoms! Each year from mid March to mid April, see the beautiful Cherry Blossoms in Washington DC and get great photos because you'll be led to all the best spots by the best guides. The annual spring bloom in DC is a magical time and this tour promises to provide the very best tour opportunity for you!
（1）Which tour would provide you with a sightseeing boat?
A. The Lights Night Tour
B. Best Mount Vemon & Arlington Cemetery Tour
C. The Best Minibus Tour
D. The Blossoms Tour
（2）What is special about The Best Minibus Tour?
A. Its price is not fixed.
B. The best time to take it is at night.
C. The tour guide accompanies you.
D. You can get great photos of cherry.
（3）Which date suits The Blossoms Tour most?
A. July 4
B. August 15
C. March 27
D. October 8
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍在Washington DC 的Bus Tours。
（1）考查推理判断。根据Best Mount Vernon & Arlington Cemetery Tour from Washington DC 部分中的“Your tour guide will accompany you through Mount Vemon, telling you about all of the attractions there and the history of George Washington's home on the Potomac River.”可知，在Best Mount Vemon & Arlington Cemetery Tour会为你提供观光船。故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据The Best Minibus Tour in Washington DC.部分中的“Please Note: Rates for this tour vary by day of the week. When you choose your specific date on the availability calendar, the rates for that date will be displayed.”可知，The Best Minibus Tour的特殊之处是它的价格不是固定的。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据The Blossoms Tour in Washington DC . 部分中的“BEST WAY to Experience the Cherry Blossoms! Each year from mid March to mid April, see the beautiful”可知，所给日期中的March27最适合The Blossoms Tour。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读。考生在准确掌握细节信息的同时，需根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
12．阅读理解
The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness.
While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some.
Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision.
“We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause.
The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life.
（1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________.
A. very good players on the team
B. addicted to alcohol and drugs
C. three junior students and two senior students
D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol
（2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision?
A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more.
B. They all gave speeches to apologize
in the local press.
C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium.
D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life.
（3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville?
A. Indifferent.
B. Strict.
C. Stubborn.
D. Cruel.
（4）Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Growing up with pain
B. A bad mistake
C. Team rules are everything
D. Basketball girls in high school
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，五个女孩在假期期间违反团队纪律喝酒，教练对于队员破坏纪律零容忍，责令她们离开团队。五个女孩接受了处罚，并做出了公开道歉。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness.”可知，这几个女孩是很好的队员，她们勇敢承认了违反了团队纪律，并支持教练把她们开除出队的决定。故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school.”和“They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team.”以及第二段中的“That night in the gym was part of their public supp ort of the coach's decision.”可知，这些女孩在体育馆公开承认错误来支持教练的决定。故选C。(3)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make.”和“The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules.”可推断，教练对于队员吸毒喝酒零容忍，坚持将这个五个女孩从团队除名，因此推断她是严厉的。故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。文章讲述了五个女孩因为喝酒被开除出篮球队的故事，文章最后一段对这件事情做了总结，因此可知文章主要想告诉读者这些女孩通过这件事学会了负责任，了解了自己的行为对他人的影响，诚实会让她们一生受益。因此推断A项“在痛苦中成长”为最佳标题。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
13．阅读理解
They had a dozen children, six boys and six girls, in seventeen years. One reason Dad had so many children was that he was confident anything he and Mother teamed upon was sure to be a success.
Our house at Montclair, New Jersey, was a sort of school for scientific management and the removal of wasted motions —or “motion study,” as Dad and Mother named it.
Dad took moving pictures of us children washing dishes, so that he could determine how we could reduce our motions and thus hurry through the task. Each child who wanted extra pocket money put forward an offer saying what he would do the job for. The lowest bidder got the contract(合约).
Dad put process and work charts in the bathrooms. Every child old enough to write — and Dad expected his children to start writing at a young age — was required to sign their names on the charts in the morning after he had brushed his teeth, taken a bath, combed his hair, and made his bed. At night, each child had to weigh himself, mark the figure on a graph, and sign the process charts again after he had done his homework, washed his hands and face, and brushed his teeth. Mother wanted to have a place on the charts for saying prayers, but Dad said as far as he was concerned prayers were voluntary.
It was strict management, all right. Yes, at home or on the job, Dad was always the efficiency expert. He buttoned his vest from the bottom up, instead of from the top down, because the bottom-to-top process took him only three seconds, while the top-to-bottom took seven. He even used two shaving brushes to make his face smooth enough, because he found that by so doing he could cut seventeen seconds off his shaving time. For a while he tried shaving with two razors, but he finally gave that up.
“I can save forty-fou r seconds,” he complained, “but I wasted two minutes this morning putting this bandage on my throat.” It wasn't the injured throat that really bothered him. It was the two minutes.
（1）Why was the author's house considered a sort of school?
A. It had a team of twelve children there.
B. The children were taught how to work well in it.
C. The parents could teach their children better at home.
D. The parents could have the children's daily activities recorded.
（2）What is the purpose of signing the charts?
A. To help to do things efficiently.
B. To manage the big family effectively.
C. To look after the children better.
D. To remind the children to obey the rules.
（3）What did the father complain about one morning?
A. He should have given up shaving.
B. His bleeding throat bothered him.
C. He couldn't shave with two razors.
D. He failed to cut short his shaving time.
（4）We can we infer from the text?
A. The kids had to bid for everything they wanted.
B. The author took pride in his father's management.
C. The couple were always troubled by their children.
D. The father's work was to teach the children at home.
【答案】（1）B
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I watched from a distance as the homeless man quarreled with those who did not leave money for him – the majority. I walked up to him and right on queue he asked me for a quarter. “I’ll give you a quarter if you tell me your story.” He laughed, “You’ll give me a quarter for my story?” I lay the qu front of him and corrected myself –“Nah, here’s the quarter but it would be nice to hear your story.” I followed his eyes to the quarter and for a brief moment I saw a glimmer of reflection. I sat down next to him and waited. I was a sniper(狙击手)and was supposed to shoot down the “I was in the army,” he said. “ carefully to his grizzly voice as he went deeper into the story. enemy from the distance.” I listened He wore dirty old torn clothes and smelled like a dead rat left in a mouse trap. He told me how he used to hunt with his family and was really good at it. He had his own way of respecting animals by not wasting what he killed for food and not killing more than he needed. When the army came knocking on his door, he felt pride and joined up. All those years of polishing his hunting skills could now serve a larger purpose—to defend us from the bad guys. He set out to fight in Iraq. It wasn’t long before he realized his ideals and expectations were just a shadow of the truth. He became disillusioned with the killings, which he felt were of innocent people. “I was a sniper but I never really killed anyone,” he said. “One day I had to do it. They asked me to shoot this lady from the distance. I saw kids near that lady and my hands were on the trigger (扳机). Man, I was tearing up ... I couldn’t do it. She wasn’t doing anything to anyone and she was with the kids—I couldn’t see through my tears. It just didn’t make any sense to me.” The story goes on as he describes eventually being put into prison for 180 days for refusing to follow orders. He told me how he was black listed so that he couldn’t get a job. All the rights we take for granted were taken away from him. Why? Here was a man who was being punished—and for what? For refusing to kill the lady? For being a hero? “I have no regrets,” anyone the homeless man said. “I may be homeless now, but I never killed that lady. I never killed He in the army. It didn’t feel right. I didn’t go there to do that. I went there to save people.” okay. But I wouldn’t be able to live with continued, “I can live with being homeless—that’s killing innocent people.” On that lonely Friday night, I met a hero. It just never occurred to me that a hero could be a smelly old man left on streets. 1. It can be learned from the passage that the homeless man_______. （） A. never killed animals B. had a strong respect for life C. deserved the punishment he received D. felt guilty about disobeying the order