英语三大从句引导词解析
英语三大从句引导词解析
1. They lost their way in the forest, and _______ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. it
B. which
C. that
D. what
2. Patience is a kind of quality — and that is ______ it takes to do anything well.
A. what
B. which
C. which
D. how
3. It has come to my notice _______ some of you have missed classes.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. when
4. _______ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.
A. What
B. That
C. When
D. Because
5. Eat ______ cake you like and leave the others for ______ comes in late.
A. any, who
B. every, whoever
C. whichever, whoever
D. either, whoever
6. ____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who
B. The one
C. Anyone
D. Whoever
7. He said he would never forget the day _______ he spent with his girlfriend in the country.
A. that
B. when
C. how
D. where
8. She may have missed the train, in _______ case she won’t arrive for another hour.
A. whose
B. that
C. which
D. what
9. If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
10. She found her wallet ______ she lost it.
A. where
B. when
C. in which
D. that
11. _____ comes to see me, tell him I’m out.
A. Anyone
B. Who
C. Whoever
D. Everyone
12. It was the boy _____ had been in prison _____ stole the money.
A. who, where
B. that, how
C. who, that
D. that, which
13. Is this the reason ______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
D. why he explained
14. When he was working there he caught a serious illness from ______ efforts he still suffers.
A. which
B. that
C. whose
D. what
15. The old building, behind ______ was a famous church, was ______ we used to work.
A. that, the place
B. it, the place
C. which, where
D. what, where
16. You should put on the notices ______ all the people may see them.
A. where
B. in which
C. at
D. for them
17. _____ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
A. Wherever
B. However
C. Whichever
D. Whoever
18. ____ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that
B. After
C. Although
D. As soon as
19. I thought she was the very girl that I should marry _______ I met her.
A. first time
B. for the first time
C. the first time
D. by the first time
20. Don’t play by the river _______ you fall in and drown!
A. in case
B. so that
C. in order that
D. when
答案及解析
1. 选D。what made matters worse 是主语从句(注意其后有谓语动词was)，相当于the thing that made matters worse。
2. 选A。what 引导的是表语从句，相当于the thing that it takes to do anything well。
3. 选C。that 引导的是一个主语从句，句首的it为形式主语。
4. 选B。that 在此引导主语从句，无词义，也不充当句子成分。注意不要根据中文意思选D，因为because 不用于引导主语从句。
5. 选C。两个空格处均为引导宾语从句的引导词，而四个选项中两者均可引导宾语从句的只有C。
6. 选D。由is worth praising 这一谓语可知前面是主语从句，排除不能引导从句的B 项和C 项；whoever 引导主语从句表示“任何……的人”，在此它相当于anyone who。
7. 选A。由于从句中的spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词(that)，而不能用关系副词。
8. 选C。in which case 在此相当于and in that case。
9. 容易误选A或B，想当然地根据空格前的逗号认为这是非限制性定语从句。其实此题应选D，逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的意思，用作主句的主语。
10. 选A。where 意为“在……的地方”，引导地点状语从句，不是定语从句。
11. 此题很容易按汉语意思误选A，其实应选C。whoever 引导的是让步状语从句，相当于no matter who。
12. 选C。全句为强调句，被强调成分是the boy (以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison)。
13. 选A。注意不能选D，因为动词explained 缺宾语。
14. 选C。from whose efforts he still suffers 为修饰a serious illness 的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语，修饰efforts。
15. 选C。第一空填which，指the old building；第二空填where，用以引导表语从句。
16. 选A。where 指“在……的地方”，用以引导地点状语从句。
17. 选A。wherever 意为“无论什么地方”。
18. 选A。now that 为连词，用以引导原因状语从句，其意为“既然”，与since 同义。其中的might as well意为“不妨”。全句意为“既然你得到一个机会，你不妨充分利用它”。
19. 选C。the first time 在此用作连词，用以引导状语从句。句意为“我第一次见到她就认为她很诚实”。
20. 选C。in case 意为“以防”。
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记)知识讲解
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即 状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以 下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例： The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示： 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — （一）关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。例如：Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗？ This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago.这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。（在非正式英语中，主格who代替了宾格whom，亦可省略） whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语。例如：The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。 Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字，你知道吗？（关系代词whose指代先行词hotel，正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which，意思是：the window of the hotel。） （二）关系代词which的用法 which代替物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如： I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。（which可以换成that） Tom works for a factory which makes watches. 汤姆在一个制表厂工作。（which可以换成that） （三）关系代词that的用法 that既可指人又可指物，在当代英语中大多指物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如： Is she the girl that sells newspapers? 她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗？（that可以换成who） Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?
引导时间状语从句的五类引导词
引导时间状语从句的五类引导词 引导时间状语从句的从属连词(以下称引导词)很多，为方便记忆，现作以下分类：1. 基本类 包括before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, once, as soon as 等。如： Did anyone call when I was out? 我不在家时谁来过电话吗? We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小认识。 You’ll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡觉前一定要关灯。 Don’t promise him anything till we’ve had time to think about it. 在我们有时间考虑之前别答应他什么。 2. 名词类 即由名词词组充当引导词，包括the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等(均表示“一……就……”。如 I loved you the instant (that) I saw you. 我一见到你就爱上你了。 Tell me the moment (that) you get the results. 你一拿到结果就给我打电话。 3. 副词类 即由副词充当引导词，如 immediately, directly, instantly等。如： I came immediately you called. 你一打电话我就来了。 Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke. 我一进门就闻到烟味。 4. 短语类 主是几个涉及time短语，如every time，each time，(the) next time，any time，the last time，the first time 等。如： Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来，请关门。 My roof leaks every time it rains. 每次下雨，我的房顶就漏。 He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他讲话，他都感到紧张。 The last time we talked he said he needed another two days. 上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。 5. 句型类 包括no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。如： I had no sooner closed the door than somebody knocked. 我刚把门关上就有人敲门。 Hardly were the words uttered when he began to regret them. 话刚说出口他就开始后悔了。
英语语法从句讲解
从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]
1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
英语三大从句精编版
复合句 【语法要点】 复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句所构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。根据从句在句子中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。 （一）名词性从句 名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。其关联词有连接词that、if、whether；疑问代词who、what、which和疑问副词when、where、how、why等。 1.名词性从句句法结构： 从 属 连 词that whether 主 语 从 句 That he will come is certain.（that不可省） Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much. （不能用if） 宾 语 从 句 I think（that）he will be all right in a few days. I went in and asked if（=whether）they had a cheap suit. I wonder whether（不能用if）it is true or not. 表 语 从 句 The fact is（that）I have never been there. The question is whether（不能用if）it is worth doing. 同 位 语 从 句 The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us. They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. 连接代词 that who whom whose which 主 语 从 句 Who will help him is not known. What he said is very important. Which side will win is not clear. 宾 语 从 句 （1）作及物动词的宾语。例如： I really don’t know what he is doing. Do you know who/whom they are waiting for? He asked whose dictionary it was. He can’t tell which method they will use for the experiment. （2）作介词的宾语。例如： Pay attention to what the teacher said. I wondered to whom he had given the letter. 表 语 从 句 That is what he is worried about. The question is who will come here. The question is which team will win the match.
三大类从句的引导词
引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等 定义:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句. 第一部分：常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 （1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised me. （2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor has't been decided yet. （4） Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（5）What caused the accident remains unknown. （6）Whatever you did is right. （7）Whose watch was lost is unknown. （8）What we need is time. （9）What we need are good doctors. 小结: （1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等
（2)连词位于句首不能省略 （3)主语从句大多数情况下视为单三,但也有例外,如例9 第二部分：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末 （1）It is certain that he will win the match. （2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. （3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. （4）It is strange that he should do that. （5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. （7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our vacation. （8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident. （9）It is said that he has gone to Taiwan.(=He is said to have gone to Taiwan)
中考英语三大从句练习及答案解析
中考英语三大从句练习及答案解析 定语从句： （一）基础：引导词---who, which, that, whom, 练习1.I like cities___________are quiet and clean. 2.I prefer students _________are hard- working. 3.I hate TV shows _________ are noisy and boring. 4.The music __________ is gentle and quiet attracts me a lot. 5.The food __________tastes delicious is not always healthy. 6.Those boys ___________ are playing basketballs over there are from Class Fifteen. 7.The books ____________ are written by Lu Xun are worth reading. 8.The town ___we visited last week is much larger than before.9.The book ___ he bought is very interesting. （二）特例：只用that的情况 1先行词被___________或___________所修饰，或本身是______________________时，只能用 that， 2.被修饰的先行词为 ________________________________________________等不定代词时, 只能用 that. 3.先行词被 _____________________________________________等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用which。 4.先行词里同时含有______________________，如I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 5. 以______________________引导的特殊疑问句，只能用that.如： Who is the girl that is crying? 练习1. I am interested in everything___ is about the 2006 World Cup. 2. Is there anything___I can do for you? 3. This is the very bike ______I lost 4.To my surprise, he gave me nothing __ I need. 5.This is the best dictionary __ I have ever used. 6. He was the first person _______passed the exam. 7.He talked happily about the men and books________interested him greatly. （三）whose 1. The student ______father works in the factory is sitting there. 2. I like the rooms ______windows face south. 3. This is the desk ______legs were broken. 4The woman ___ umbrella you took is angry about it.5.. 6The banana __skin is green can’t be eaten.7That tall tree _ leaves are yellow is very old. （四）从句谓语单复数由先行词确定，时态由从句时间状语决定，不必跟主句保持一致。 1-He is one of the boys who ____ (doesn’t, don’t) finish doing homework. 2-I like films which ____(be) exciting and interesting. 3- 4-That boy who _____(run) fastest is from our class. 5Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be) 6The trees which _____ (be) watered yesterday belong to them. 7The man who ____ over there is our teacher.(stand) 8Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be) 9Mr. Brown is one of the foreign experts _______ _________ (work) in China. 10I’m one of the boys ______ ________(like) English best. (五)“介词＋关系代词”注意：介词的选用要考虑： A.与先行词的搭配关系 1）I will never forget the day __________ I joined the army. 2) I will never forget the days ______ I worked here. 3) I will never forget the year ____________ my son went to college.
中考英语三大从句练习与答案解析
中考从句讲与练 定语从句： （一）基础：引导词---who, which, that, whom, 练习1.I like cities___________are quiet and clean. 2.I prefer students _________are hard- working. 3.I hate TV shows _________ are noisy and boring. 4.The music __________ is gentle and quiet attracts me a lot. 5.The food __________tastes delicious is not always healthy. 6.Those boys ___________ are playing basketballs over there are from Class Fifteen. 7.The books ____________ are written by Lu Xun are worth reading. 8.The town ___we visited last week is much larger than before.9.The book ___ he bought is very interesting. （二）特例：只用that的情况 1先行词被___________或___________所修饰，或本身是______________________时，只能用 that， 2.被修饰的先行词为 ________________________________________________等不定代词时, 只能用 that. 3.先行词被 _____________________________________________等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用 which。 4.先行词里同时含有______________________，如I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 5. 以______________________引导的特殊疑问句，只能用that.如： Who is the girl that is crying? 练习1. I am interested in everything___ is about the 2006 World Cup. 2. Is there anything___I can do for you? 3. This is the very bike ______I lost 4.To my surprise, he gave me nothing __ I need. 5.This is the best dictionary __ I have ever used. 6. He was the first person _______passed the exam. 7.He talked happily about the men and books________interested him greatly. （三）whose 1. The student ______father works in the factory is sitting there. 2. I like the rooms ______windows face south. 3. This is the desk ______legs were broken. 4The woman ___ umbrella you took is angry about it.5.Here comes a girl ___ handwriting is the best . 6The banana __skin is green can’t be eaten.7That tall tree _ leaves are yellow is very old. （四）从句谓语单复数由先行词确定，时态由从句时间状语决定，不必跟主句保持一致。 1-He is one of the boys who ____ (doesn’t, don’t) finish doing homework. 2-I like films which ____(be) exciting and interesting. 3-Children who often ____(eat) junk food are easy to become fat and unhealthy. 4-That boy who _____(run) fastest is from our class. 5Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be) 6The trees which _____ (be) watered yesterday belong to them. 7The man who ____ over there is our teacher.(stand) 8Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be) 9Mr. Brown is one of the foreign experts _______ _________ (work) in China. 10I’m one of the boys ______ ________(like) English best. (五)“介词＋关系代词”注意：介词的选用要考虑： A.与先行词的搭配关系 1）I will never forget the day __________ I joined the army. 2) I will never forget the days ______ I worked here. 3) I will never forget the year ____________ my son went to college. B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯 1）Have you found the book ________I paid 29 dollars? 2）Have you found the book ________I spent 29 dollars? 3)Have you found the book _____________we learnt a lot? 4) Have you found the book _______she often talks? 关系副词的用法 练习：1. It must be a good place ________________we can do a lot of exercise.
三大从句语法
从句可分为三类:即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从(即状语从句)。引导从句的词称作关联句。 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括：从属连词：that, if, whether连接代词：who, whoever whom, whomever ,which ,whichever ,what ,whatever ,whose 连接副词where, when, why, how。其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分,而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. 不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：1. whether 引导主语从句并在句首 2.引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有"or not" 例：Whether he will come is not clear. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. 1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。 It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。 用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： A It + be +形容词+ that-从句例：It is necessary that…有必要……It is important that…重要的是……It is obvious that… 很明显…… B. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句例如：It is believed that…人们相信……It is known to all that…从所周知……It has been decided that… 已决定…… C. It + be +名词+ that-从句例：It is common knowledge that………是常识It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……It is a fact that… 事实是…… D. It +不及物动词+ that-分句例：It appears that…似乎……It happens that…碰巧……It occurred to me that… 我突然想起…… 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging. 二、形容词性从句 引导定语从句的关联词包括: (1)关系代词:that, which, whose, who, whom, as; (2)关系副词:when, where, why。 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成分,关系代词在句中充当动词的宾语时, 一般可省去。关系代词的选用比较复杂, 它受下列条件的制约: (1)先行词是指人还是指
高一英语定语从句讲解精华版
定语从句 一、基本概念： 定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week （二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
初中英语三大从句总结
一. 宾语从句object clause： 一. 定义definition： 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 二. 连接词connections： that: I think that you can pass the exam. Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means. I don’t know where he found the book. 只用whether的情况： 1. 与or not连用： I don’t know whether it’s raining or not. 2. 与动词不定式连用： He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation. 3. 连接词前有介词时： It depends on whether he is coming. 三. 时态tenses: 1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam. 2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。 1）She said that she was a student. 2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3）She said that she had finished her homework already. 3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 二. 定语从句Attributive clause： 1.定义：在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句 2.先行词指人who /that 先行词指物which/ that 3. 定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后 4.关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词 5.翻译方法“…. 的” Eg. 1. Yesterday we bought a book which is really hard to understand. 2. The students who are from Maple Leaf School like learning English. Whom: 先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语）, 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom 1.This is the teacher whom\who we like best. 2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking. Whose : 指人或物，作定语，表示“…的” eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.
初中英语语法——三大从句之表语从句
【初中英语语法——三大从句之表语从句】 【表语从句】 表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。 表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。 名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句，例如： T he problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how 在表语从句中充当方式状语)// The s cissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表语从句中充当宾语)// What I told him was that I would find h im a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语， that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略)// That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)// That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语) “That is why...”是常用句型，意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，又如： That is why you se
e this old woman before you know, Jeanne. 珍妮，这就是现在这 个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异，说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括)。// That is why I came. 这就是我来的原因。 下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构，它们与“Tha t is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚： (1)“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，“That is the reason why...”中why引 导的是—个定语从句，将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样，例如： That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 这就是我不能同意 的理由。 (2)“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词 性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是为什么……/ 因为……”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由，“That is why...” 则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，例如： He did not see the film last night. That is because he ha d to help his littl e sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有